AimAim: What factors led to : What factors led to urban growth after the Civil urban growth after the Civil

War?War?Do NowDo Now

Read pages 455-458.Read pages 455-458.Look at the HW Board for tonight’s Look at the HW Board for tonight’s

assignment. assignment.

IntroductionIntroduction

By the end of the 1800s, new and growing By the end of the 1800s, new and growing industries were bringing the American people industries were bringing the American people new opportunities than ever before.new opportunities than ever before.

Some Americans, however, looked for answers Some Americans, however, looked for answers to the problems caused by industrialization.to the problems caused by industrialization.

In the late 1800s and in the early 1900s, a wave In the late 1800s and in the early 1900s, a wave of reform swept through the United States and of reform swept through the United States and brought new changes to American society. This brought new changes to American society. This period of time became known as the Progressive period of time became known as the Progressive Era.Era.

1. 1. New OpportunitiesNew Opportunities

With industrialization came new With industrialization came new opportunities.opportunities.

The growth of industry led to the growth of The growth of industry led to the growth of American cities.American cities.

Many people came to these cities with the Many people came to these cities with the hope of bettering their lives.hope of bettering their lives.

In these cities, Americans found jobs, In these cities, Americans found jobs, education and new ways of enjoying education and new ways of enjoying themselves.themselves.

1) Why did so many Americans move into 1) Why did so many Americans move into cities following the Civil War?cities following the Civil War?

1.1 1.1 An Urban AmericaAn Urban America During the late 1800s, the United States became a more During the late 1800s, the United States became a more

urban nation.urban nation. Between 1860 and 1910, the population of the United Between 1860 and 1910, the population of the United

States grew from 6,000,000 people to over 40,000,000 States grew from 6,000,000 people to over 40,000,000 people.people.

Because of the increase in America’s population, cities Because of the increase in America’s population, cities grew in size and in number.grew in size and in number.

In 1860, 20% of all Americans lived in a city with a In 1860, 20% of all Americans lived in a city with a population of 2,500 or more. By 1910, that percentage population of 2,500 or more. By 1910, that percentage grew to 46%.grew to 46%.

In 1860, 16 cities in the United States had a population In 1860, 16 cities in the United States had a population of over 50,000 people. In 1910, that number jumped to of over 50,000 people. In 1910, that number jumped to 109.109.

American Cities 1860

American Cities 1900s

The growth of American cities came from a The growth of American cities came from a variety of sources:variety of sources:

a) Many Americans left their farms to seek new a) Many Americans left their farms to seek new jobs in factories built in cities.jobs in factories built in cities.

b) Ex-slaves from the south began to migrate b) Ex-slaves from the south began to migrate into the northern urban areas to also seek a job into the northern urban areas to also seek a job in a factory.in a factory.

c) Immigrants arrived and settled in the cities of c) Immigrants arrived and settled in the cities of the northeastern and midwestern United States.the northeastern and midwestern United States.

Decline of Farmers

Ex-Slaves Move North

Immigration

2) To what extent did growth take place in 2) To what extent did growth take place in the late 1800s?the late 1800s?

3) What were the sources of urban growth?3) What were the sources of urban growth?

1.2 1.2 Growing Interest in EducationGrowing Interest in Education

As the American economy grew in size, so As the American economy grew in size, so did interest in education.did interest in education.

In the 1870s, some states turned their In the 1870s, some states turned their attention towards public education. These attention towards public education. These states passed compulsory education laws. states passed compulsory education laws. These laws required children to attend These laws required children to attend school for a certain part of the year.school for a certain part of the year.

By 1900, 30 states had passed these By 1900, 30 states had passed these laws.laws.

More people also began to pursue higher education More people also began to pursue higher education during the late 1800s.during the late 1800s.

One reason for the growth of higher education was the One reason for the growth of higher education was the Morrill Act of 1862. This act allowed states to establish Morrill Act of 1862. This act allowed states to establish state colleges (built on public lands) for engineering, state colleges (built on public lands) for engineering, teacher training and agriculture.teacher training and agriculture.

The number of colleges grew from 500 in 1870 to nearly The number of colleges grew from 500 in 1870 to nearly 1,000 in 1900.1,000 in 1900.

During these years, educational opportunities increased During these years, educational opportunities increased for Blacks and women. By 1900, some 100,000 women for Blacks and women. By 1900, some 100,000 women were attending college and Blacks established 30 were attending college and Blacks established 30 colleges in the South. 2,000 students graduated from colleges in the South. 2,000 students graduated from these colleges before 1900.these colleges before 1900.

Money Spent on Public Education

Early Public EducationEarly Public Education

Early Public EducationEarly Public Education

Early Public Education Early Public Education

Morrill Act (1862)

Colleges Created Under the Morrill Act

4) What are compulsory education laws?4) What are compulsory education laws?

5) What was the purpose of the Morrill Act?5) What was the purpose of the Morrill Act?

1.3 1.3 Growing Leisure TimeGrowing Leisure Time

The growing interest in education was The growing interest in education was matched by a growing amount of leisure matched by a growing amount of leisure time.time.

Leisure time was assisted by the new Leisure time was assisted by the new inventions in business which made more inventions in business which made more leisure time possible. Americans after the leisure time possible. Americans after the Civil War began to spend their leisure time Civil War began to spend their leisure time in the following fields:in the following fields:

SportsSports- During the later half of the 19During the later half of the 19 thth Century, baseball Century, baseball

became America’s favorite sports.became America’s favorite sports.1) 1869-The Cincinnati Redstockings are 1) 1869-The Cincinnati Redstockings are formed.formed.2) 1876-The National League is established with 2) 1876-The National League is established with eight teams.eight teams.3) 1900-The American League is established.3) 1900-The American League is established.4) 1903-Boston Red Sox v. Pittsburgh Pirates 4) 1903-Boston Red Sox v. Pittsburgh Pirates play in the first ever World Series.play in the first ever World Series.

Cincinnati Reds-1Cincinnati Reds-1stst Baseball Team Baseball Team

National League (1876)National League (1876)

The Original National LeagueThe Original National League

Boston Beaneaters (eventually to become known as the Atlanta Braves) Brooklyn Superbas (eventually to become known as the Los Angeles Dodgers) Chicago Orphans (eventually to become known as the Chicago Cubs) Cincinnati Reds New York Giants (eventually to become known as the San Francisco Giants) Philadelphia Phillies Pittsburgh Pirates St. Louis Perfectos (eventually to become known as the St. Louis Cardinals)

American League (1900)American League (1900)

The Original American LeagueThe Original American League

Baltimore Orioles Boston Americans (not an official nickname) Chicago White Stockings Cleveland Blues Detroit Tigers Milwaukee Brewers Philadelphia Athletics Washington Senators

The Baltimore Orioles would move to New York and become theNew York Highlanders. By 1913, they were known as the New YorkYankees,

The First World Series (1903)The First World Series (1903)

Pittsburgh Pirates NL Champions

Boston Americans AL Champions

- Football also become a popular sport.Football also become a popular sport.1) Football is derived from the English game of 1) Football is derived from the English game of rugby.rugby.2) Colleges were the first places where football 2) Colleges were the first places where football games were played in the United States.games were played in the United States.3) 1869-Princeton v. Rutgers play in the first 3) 1869-Princeton v. Rutgers play in the first college football game.college football game.4) First professional teams are formed around 4) First professional teams are formed around 1895. The National Football League is created in 1895. The National Football League is created in the 1920s.the 1920s.

College Football-1College Football-1stst Game Game

Rutgers University

Princeton University

National Football LeagueNational Football League

- Basketball is developed in 1891 by Dr. Basketball is developed in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith in Springfield, James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

- Bicycling became popular in the 1880s Bicycling became popular in the 1880s due to the fact the tires had the same due to the fact the tires had the same amount of air in each tire. By 1900, amount of air in each tire. By 1900, 10,000,000 Americans were riding with 10,000,000 Americans were riding with many of them in clubs.many of them in clubs.

James NaismithJames Naismith

Popular MusicPopular Music- John Phillip Sousa wrote marches such as - John Phillip Sousa wrote marches such as “The Stars and Stripes Forever” and “The “The Stars and Stripes Forever” and “The Washington Post March”.Washington Post March”.- During the 1890s, the music called ragtime - During the 1890s, the music called ragtime became popular. Scott Joplin wrote “The Maple became popular. Scott Joplin wrote “The Maple Leaf Rag”.Leaf Rag”.- By the early 1900s, people were becoming - By the early 1900s, people were becoming interested in operettas. The two most popular interested in operettas. The two most popular composers were Victor Herbert-”Babes In composers were Victor Herbert-”Babes In Toyland” and Sigmund Romberg’s-”Student Toyland” and Sigmund Romberg’s-”Student Prince”.Prince”.

John Philip SousaJohn Philip Sousa

Scott JoplinScott Joplin

LiteratureLiterature- The most popular authors and their novels were:The most popular authors and their novels were:

a) a) Bret HarteBret Harte: wrote stories of the American : wrote stories of the American West.West.

b) b) Louisa May AlcottLouisa May Alcott: wrote : wrote Little WomenLittle Women..

c) c) Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain): wrote stories : wrote stories such as such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and A Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and A Connecticut Yankee in King’s Arthur’s Court.Connecticut Yankee in King’s Arthur’s Court.

Bret HarteBret Harte

Louisa May AlcottLouisa May Alcott

Mark TwainMark Twain

- Newspapers and magazines were also Newspapers and magazines were also widely read during the late 1800s. Many widely read during the late 1800s. Many cities had a daily newspaper, many cities had a daily newspaper, many magazines were published and circulation magazines were published and circulation increased. (2,800,000 (1870) to increased. (2,800,000 (1870) to 24,200,000 (1900))24,200,000 (1900))

- Most popular magazines included Most popular magazines included Nation, Nation, McClure’s, Saturday Evening Post and McClure’s, Saturday Evening Post and Ladies Home Journal.Ladies Home Journal.

NewspapersNewspapers

MagazinesMagazines

6) What new kinds of sports were invented during 6) What new kinds of sports were invented during the late 1800s?the late 1800s?

7) What new types of music developed during the 7) What new types of music developed during the late 1800s?late 1800s?

8) Who were some of the most widely read authors 8) Who were some of the most widely read authors of the late 1800s?of the late 1800s?

9) What took place in the newspaper industry in 9) What took place in the newspaper industry in the late 1800s?the late 1800s?

Review QuestionsReview Questions

For what two groups of people did For what two groups of people did educational opportunities increase in the educational opportunities increase in the late 1800s?late 1800s?

What were some of the major pieces of What were some of the major pieces of music written during the late 1800s?music written during the late 1800s?

What were the names of popular What were the names of popular magazines of the late 1800s?magazines of the late 1800s?

Why did leisure time increase in the late Why did leisure time increase in the late 1800s?1800s?