aim: what is weathering? do now – choose one of the following pictures and describe what is/has...
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AIM: What is Weathering?
Do Now – Choose one of the following pictures and describe what is/has
happened.
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I. Weathering the breaking down of a rock into
small pieces.
As Surface area increases the amount ofWeathering increases
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II. Mechanical (Physical) Weathering
- changing the size and shape of the rock.
Abrasion:
rocks hitting and smashing against each other.
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III. Types of Mechanical Weatheringa) Frost Wedging
Do Not Copy
the expansion of frozen water in cracks of rockscause it to break.-This broken material is called talus
What happens to water when it freezes?
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b) Biological Activity -
organisms, plants, burrowing animals, and humans break down rocks.
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IV. Chemical Weathering
changing the rocks chemical composition.
- forms a new material.
* Water is the most important agent.*
Acid Rain Damage
Soluble:
a material that can be dissolved by water.
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V. Types of chemical weathering
a) Acid Rain
- water combines with different elements to make acids.
- this is known as Hydrolysis.
- H2O + carbon dioxide = carbonic acid
* - H2O + sulfur = sulfuric acid (acid rain)What material will all these acids react
with?
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•Acid rain reacts with calcite and dolomite in the rocks (Limestone).
•This dissolves the rock creating Karst Topography (caves), stalactites and stalagmites.
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b) Oxidation
- Water and oxygen react with metal to create rust.
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VI. Rate of Weathering
A) Rock Characteristics:
- Mineral composition and solubility of the rock (the minerals that make the rock) determine the rate of weathering.
Granite Limestone
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- amount of surface area determines amount of weathering
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- Some rocks are more resistant (harder) to weathering. Mineral composition is the greatest determining factor.
Hoodoo
In the diagram below, which letter rock is most resistant
to weathering?
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B) Climate:
- Temperature and moisture are the most crucial factors.
- Chemical weathering is most effective in areas with high temperatures (heat)
and abundant moisture (water).
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Explain the difference in weathering of the two headstones (roughly the same age). What
caused the difference in weathering?
Slate Headstone Marble Headstone
Closure: In your Notes
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Cleopatra’s Needle
1900 - EgyptPresent Day -Central Park
2) Describe one factor that
explains why Cleopatra’s
needle changed after it was
brought from Egypt to New
York.