aima glossary

7/25/2019 AIMA Glossary

1/19

121

BA p

p

p !

"#

!

u $

u

! #

-ball

8-puzzle % & "$

8-queens problem ! &'(

AA* decoder "! )

A* search %!! )

abductive reasoning

abductive ABO (Asymptotic Bounded Optimality)

*! +$!!

abstraction #$!

accessible

accusative case (!

achieves

acoustic model

Action Description anguage ( ,#

-(

action-utility table $ !! (

action-value !unction !! .$ (

action

applicable #!

conditional !

decomposition /!

"oint "!

monitoring /!!

primitive

rational

schema

sensing $!!

sensory !

activation !unction !! $!!

activation $!!

active learning ! !!

active sensing ! $!!

active vision ! !

actuator ! "!

acyclicity !

adaptive control theory $

adaptive dynamic programming

"

add list $ !( 0! ( 1234516

add-one smoothing .!

adequacy

ad"unct !

AD (Action Description anguage) (

,# -(

admissible heuristic " !

AD# (Adaptive Dynamic #rogramming)

, 7 ,

adversarial !

agent

active !

autonomous

circuit-based /

components (

decision-theoretic $ #

goal-based

greedy !

intelligent #

$no%ledge-based ! (!learning $

limited rational !

!

logical

model-based

naive 8

passive AD# ! 9:5

passive learning ! !!

passive !

problem-solving $! !

rational

re!le&

replanning "/

so!t%are utility-based !!

agglomerative clustering

"$!!

aggregation !

agreement (in a sentence) #$ 0 $

!6

A' inter ( ! ;alman


8/19

128

generalization hierarchy $ /

generalization $!

generalized cylinder /"

generalized event

general ontology $

=eneral #roblem .olver -,!

generation (o! states) 06

generative capacity !

generic robot language (

genetic algorithm

genetic programming

=eometry ,heorem #rover "$!

[! $

=ibbs sampler "! UK@@E

global localization

=lobal #ositioning .ystem (=#.) ,

\/! -/

goal

!ormulation "/! in!erential

predicate !!

serializable

=oldbach1s con"ecture $ UMGX@BWF

gold standard

grace!ul degradation

gradient descent !

grammar

augmented .!!

categorial !

conte&t-!ree .!!

#%

conte&t-sensitive .(!

#%de!inite clause (D;=) (

!ormal

!ormalism $

le&ical-!unctional (


9/19

129

imaging sensor ! !

implementation level $" $!!

implication

implicative normal !orm

#

implicit e!!ect ! $"!importance sampling "!$

"!

incompleteness ! !!

inconsistent support .!

incorporation !

incremental learning .! !!

independence .!$

absolute !

conditional !

marginal (

independent subproblems .!

indeterminacy "$

bounded #!unbounded ! #!

inde&ical "$!

inde&ing !

indicator variable ! "$!

indi!!erence2 principle o! "#$J !

individuation .$!

induction

constructive

mathematical !

inductive in!erence

pure

inductive learning !!

'nductive ogic #rogramming ('#) -

b ,inequality constraints $ $

inertial sensor " !

in!erence

probabilistic

procedure ""$

rule

in!erential equivalence

"$

in!inite horizon problems

$%

in!inite horizon $%

in!luence diagram " (

in!ormation !#$

e&traction .

gain "

gathering

retrieval !!

theory $

value .$

in!ormed search !#!! %!!

inheritance !!

initial state !

input resolution ! "

inside-outside algorithm '.

instance

insurance premium #

integrability !!

integrity constraints $ !

intelligence !/!

intention (discourse) ! 0! $6

intentionality intentional stance ! !

intentional state ! !

intercausal reasoning "

interleaving (search and action) "

0%!! "!6

interlingual "

interlingua "(

interlinguistics "$

intermediate !orm "! #

internal state !

'nternet search %!! ""$

'nternet shopping ""

'nternet 7"$

interpretation !$pragmatic

semantic !

interre!lections ""

interval "!

intractability "!

intrinsic property "!

introspection "!!

inverse entailment $#! !

inverse game theory $#! $ $

inverse $inematics $#! !

inverse lin$ $# /"

inverse method $#! "

inverse resolution $#! !

inverted pendulum 'G test #T

irrationality

iterative deepening ! !

iterative e&pansion ! !

J"ob shop scheduling

(

"oint action "!

"oint intention "! !

"oint plan "

"oint probability distribution "!

!

!ull !

"oin tree "" !

"unction type / !

"usti!ication "!!

K>alman !ilter #$ OBGHBI

s%itching #

>alman gain matri& " OBGHBI


10/19

130

$ernel !unction !!

polynomial

$ernelization !$!!

$ernel machine !

$ernel model

$idnapping problem ! ! $inematic state ! !

$inematics !

$inship domain "$ (

$no%ledge (!

acquisition !!

bac$ground

base !

commonsense

diagnostic "

engineering !

model-based !

precondition c!

prior !/!

representation !source !

>olmogorov a&ioms .( OMGHM^MSM_

>olmogorov comple&ity !

OMGHM^MSM_

Llandmar$ !

landscape $

language (

!ormal

generation

mar$up !

model natural #

perception $!!

processing .$

situated .(! ! $!

translation #!

understanding !!

latent Dirichlet allocation

:KSKWFGDL

latent semantic inde&ing !

!

latent variable !

latest (start) time 0.!6

lattice theory $

la%s o! thought ! !

layers $"

laziness

lea! node '#/

lea$ node "

leaping to conclusions ! .

learning !!

active !

curve /!

ensemble

e&planation-based ! .!

incremental .!

inductive

instance-based !

nonparametric !'

passive !rein!orcement

relevance-based ! ! #

statistical

supervised !

top-do%n

unsupervised ! !

least commitment ! "!

least-constraining-value heuristic

! ! "

leave-one-out $ !

le!t-corner parser

$

le!t-recursive rules '"$

legal reasoning lens system /! #(

lens #

leveled o!! (planning graph)

0#! "/6

level sum "

level $" 0 # "/6

le&icalized #;


11/19

131

local beam search %!!

locality !

localization

locally structured system "!

/!

local search %!!loc$ing $"

logical e

agent

in!erence

positivism

reasoning

logicism

logic programming

constraint /

inductive ('#)

tabled $

logic

de!ault (

dynamic "!irst-order (! .!

!uzzy #

higher-order !! .!

inductive

modal

non monotonic !

propositional

resolution !

logistic !unction !! GM^KELKW

logit distribution GM^KL

log li$elihood !

long-distance dependencies . !

!

long-term memory ! !loo$ ahead .%

loo$up table $ %!!

loopy propagation ""!

lottery $

Mmachine evolution ! ..!

machine learning ! !!

machine translation ! #!

macrop (macro operator)

magic set /

ahalanobis distance ! PBFBGBIM@KE

ma"ority !unction !! !#$

manipulator

marginalization $!!

ar$ov

blan$et

chain onte ;arlo $" PMILD QBSGM

chain $"

decision process ""$ #!

process ""$

mass noun %

mass spectrometer ## %

material advantage ! /

materialism

eliminative .

material value .$ /

mathematical induction schema

!

mathematics !matri& $J

ma&imin equilibrium $ HBfKHKI

ma&imum a posteriori . !

ma&imum e&pected utility ! !

!!

ma&imum li$elihood ! !

ma&-level $"'HBf

ma& norm HBf

measurement !!

mechanism design "$! !(

mechanism !

medical diagnosis "!

Meet \ 0! "!6

megavariable !memoization !!

memory-based translation #! !

! !

memory requirements !

memory !

mental model "!

mental ob"ects "! $

mental states "!

mereology $

metadata ""

metalevel state space $" (

metaphor #

metaphysics #metareasoning

decision-theoretic ! ! $

#

metarule

metonymy $

=D (ost =eneral Hni!ier) PU: 0,

-!6

micromort ! $

/

micro%orld

million queens problem !

$ (

min-contlicts /

mind-body problem !

(

mind

mines%eeper

minimal model

minima& algorithm HKIKHBf

minima& decision #! HKIKHBf

minimum description length

#

minimum remaining values

minimum slac$ (


12/19

132

minimum spanning tree ""

mi&ed strategy !

mi&ing time .!

mi&ture o! =aussians $ ( UBVEE

mi&ture $

modal logic modal operator

model-based reasoning !

model chec$ing

model

causal

$ernel

sensor !

transition !

odus #onens

=eneralized

monism

monitoring /!!

monotone condition ! $monotonicity !

onte ;arlo algorithm PMILD QBSGM

onte ;arlo localization PMILD QBSGM

morphing #!

ost =eneral /ni!ier (=/) ,

-!

motion model $!!

motion paralla& .! $!!

motion $!!

compliant #(!

guarded #/!

+. (etalevel +easoning .ystem) \/!

\( g$"

., (inimum .panning ,ree) - 7"

multiagent planning "

multi agent systems

multiattribute utility theory !

$ !

multibody planning "

multimodal

multiply connected net%or$

"" "$

multivariate !

urphy1s a% h PVS`FC

music

mutagenicity .

mutation .!

mute& ! $ /

mutual e&clusion $

utual #re!erential 'ndependence (#')

$ .!$ ,

utual /tility 'ndependence (/') $

.!$ !

myopic policy

mysticism

Nnaive Bayes 8 ABCDE

narro% content

ash equilibrium $


13/19

133

occur chec$ /.!

Oc$ham1s razor .# =WRFBH

o!!line search MaaGKID %!!

omniscience $

logical

one-shot decision #! online search MIGKID %!!

ontological commitment "!

ontological engineering !

ontology $

upper

opacity "#

open class !

open coding "$!!

open loop

open preconditions c

open %orld assumption ! /

operationality !

operations research !

optical character recognition (!

optical !lo%

optimal controllers

optimal control theory $

optimality theory $ 0!

$6

optimality ! #

optimally e!!icient algorithm "

optimal solution ! /!

optimizer2 peephole !

"

orderability ".!

ordering constraint ".!ordinal utility " !!

overconstrained

over!itting

overgeneration

overriding

Ppac$ed !orest "

pac$ed tree ""

parado& ".

parallel distributed processing !!

!! .$

parallelism !

parallel lines ! $

parallel search !! %!!

parameter independence .!$

parameter

paramodulation "#!

parent node

#areto dominated / 5BSDLM

#areto optimal 5BSDLM

parity !unction !! $

parse tree ""

parsing !

bottom-up

chart "

top-do%n

partial-order planning "

".!particle !iltering # "$

partition "!

#arzen %indo% 5BSNDI

#ascal1s %ager $! 5BEWBG

path consistency ""

pathcost ""

path planning " ""(

path ""J

pattern database ! "" /

pattern matching $ /

payo!! !unction !!

#D controller 5:

#DD (#lanning Domain De!inition anguage)

( / ,"$ \"/#eano a&ioms .( 5DBIM

pee$ing #$

perception $!!

perceptron !

percept sequence $

percept $!!

per!ormance element $ !

per!ormance measure !! "!

perpetual punishment " $

perple&ity

persistence action "!!

persistence arc . "!!

persistent !ailure model .!

$perspective pro"ection

perspective

phase transition ! #!

phenomenology #$

philosophy ##$

phoneme #(!

phone model #

phone number !#

phonetic alphabet #! #!

phone #

phonology #$

photogrammetry #$

photometry #$

photosensitive spot #$! !$

phrase structure " #!

phrase #!

#'D controller 54:

pigeons

pinhole camera ## ! !

## !

pitch $!! '

pi&el $

planetary rover "! !

#lanning Domain De!inition anguage (#DD)

( / ,"$ \"/


14/19

134

planning "

case-based (

classical

conditional !

con!ormant /#

contingency "continuous

hierarchical

linear

multiagent

multibody

non-interleaved !'"

partial-order ".!

reactive "

route ""(

sensorless $ !

plan

conditional !

consistent

continuous "oint "

nonlinear !

plateau& "

ply (!

pneumatic actuation $!! $!!

point-to-point motion $!! !$ !$

point%ise product !

po$er hands J $ (

policy

asynchronous /!

modi!ied !!

optimal !

proper !!

polite convention /!polytree ""

pose estimation $!! ! !

pose !

positive e&ample "

positivism2 logical J

possibility a&iom .$ "!

possibility theory $ "

possible %orld "

posterior probability !

pragmatic interpretation !$

pragmatics $

precision $

precondition a&iom .$ c

precondition c!

predecessor

predicate calculus !!

predicate inde&ing ! !!

predicate symbol / !

predicate !!

prediction !

pre!erence independence .!$

pre!erence $!!

monotonic

premise c!

prioritized s%eeping ! !

priority queue !

prior $no%ledge !/! (!

prior probability !

prismatic "oint !#robabilistic ;onte&t-


15/19

135

QG learning !! j

qualia !

quali!ication problem ! ."$!

qualitative physics #qualitative probabilistic net%or$

"$

quanti!ied term !

quanti!ier "$!

e&istential .

nested

scope

universal

quantization !actor !

quasi-logical !orm ! #

query language ( !

query variable !

query (!

queue priority !

quiescence !$

Rradial basis !unction !! !

rami!ication problem ! #"

rami!ication #"

randomization $!!

random restart $ $!!

random set $ /

random variable $ !

random %al$ $ $

range !inder ! !! !rapid prototyping ! $!!

rational agent

rationality !

rational thought !

ray tracing !!! $

reachable

reactive layer $" $"!

reactive planning " "

realizable #

real-time A' IJ /

real-%orld problem ! /

reasoning

de!ault (

goal-directed !

intercausal "

logical

uncertain !

recall !!

reciprocal ran$ $#! !

recognition (!

recurrent net%or$ " "$

recursive de!inition "

recursive estimation " $!!

reduction

reduct !

redundant step %

re!erence class ! #

re!erence controller #

re!erence path "" #

re!erence resolution ! #(re!erential opacity "# #

re!erential transparency "# #

re!lectance map ! !

re!lectance !

re!utation completeness !! ! "!

re!utation "!

regression2 linear "!!J

regression planner /! "/

(!!

rei!ication !

rei!y (

rein!orcement learning !!

rein!orcement $!

re"ection sampling "!$relational probability model

relation !

rela&ed problem !

relevance-based learning !! ! !

#

relevance !eedbac$ "! #

relevance #

renaming $

repair %

reparative

repeated game $"

repeated state ! !

replanning "representation theorem (! !

representation !

resolution closure $ ! !

resolution !

input "

inverse $#!

linear

resolvent

resource

consumable (

reusable !

response !

retina #!" (

revolute "oint # !

re%ard

re%rite rule "/!

rhetorical structure theory $ !

"

ridge #

right association ".

ris$ aversion # $

ris$ neutrality "! $

ris$ see$ing %!! $

+obbins algebra 3M@@KIE


16/19

136

robotics

cognitive

robot

+O; curve /! 3=Q

roll $!! '$

rotation #route !inding /! "$

+ubi$1s cube / 3V@KR

rule-based system /!

rule

Ssample comple&ity ! "$

sample points !$ "!$

sampling rate "!$

sampling "!$

satis!iability !!

saturation

scaled orthographic pro"ection # $

scene !

schedule "

scheduling

schema

scienti!ic discovery ! !

search %!!

bidirectional #$"!

breadth-!irst (

continuous space / (

depth-!irst (

depth-limited

greedy best-!irst !! (

/greedy !!

heuristic

hill-climbing $!! #

in!ormed !#!!

iterative deepening !

!

local beam

local

memory-bounded ! !

parallel !!

partial in!ormation !#!!

quiescence !$

real-time /

+ecursive Best-


17/19

137

smoothing .!

social la%

.ocratic reasoning \

so!tbot

so!tma& !unction !! EMaLHBf

so!t%are agent so!t%are architecture /

solution /!

optimal !

soma (

sonar sensor ! 0!6

sonnet

soul

sound (in!erence) 06

soundness (o! in!erence) ! 0

/6

space comple&ity ! (

spam email ""$

sparse system /!

spatial reasoning spatial substance $

spea$er identi!ication (! !

spea$er !

specialization ."$!

spectrophotometry ##$

specular re!lection ! !

speech act .!

speech recognition (! $

speech understanding !! $

spelling correction # "!

.#' (.ymbolic #robabilistic 'n!erence) \

, \

spin glass "#

..D (.um o! .quared Di!!erences) k;( 7#(

.tF #etersburg parado& ". ! $

,/!

stability !

static

strict !

stable model

stac$ decoding "$!! $

stac$ $

standardizing apart $!!

start symbol /

state constraints $ !

statement "!

state !

belie! $!!

initial

static (variable) 0!6

static environment

stationarity !

stationary distribution !

stationary process ! ""$

statistical mechanics !

stemming

step cost

stereogram2 random dot J $

$"

stereopsis2 binocular !J

"#!

sti!! nec$ "/

stimulus stochastic beam search

%!!

stochastic dominance $

stochastic environment

stochastic gradient $!

stochastic hill climbing $!!

#

stop %ord " .!

straight-line distance /! !

strategic environment !

strategy pro!ile #$ !(

strategy proo! ".! !

strategy !

string theory $ "(string

.,+'#. assumption ! 123451

strong A' ;h

strong domination $

stu!!

stylometry $

subcategorization !$!!

subevent

subgoal independence .!$

sub"ective case (!

sub"ectivism

substance $

spatial

temporal substitutability !

substitution !

subsumption architecture

subsumption lattice

subsumption

subtas$ sharing !$ (

successor !unction !! ""

successor-state a&iom .$ ""! !

summing out # !

sum o! squared di!!erences (

"#(

sum o! squared errors (

#

supervised learning ! !!

support vector " .!

.ussman anomaly $ 1VEEHBI

syllogism

symbolic di!!erentiation "#!

symbolic integration !

symbol splitting "$!

synapse /!

synchro drive ! "!!

synchronic $no%ledge (!

synchronization

synonymy $


18/19

138

syntactic ambiguity #!$

syntactic sugar

syntactic theory $

synta& /.!

synthesis o! algorithms /! $

synthesis /!deductive

systemic grammar !"

systems reply ! !

Ttabu search %!! LB@V

tactile sensors $ !

,A= (,ree-Ad"oining =rammar)

( 7"

tas$ environment (

tas$ net%or$ "$ (

ta&onomic hierarchy . $

ta&onomy .$,aylor e&pansion 2BCGMS

temporal di!!erence learning !! (

"#(

temporal in!erence

temporal logic

temporal probability models

!

temporal reasoning

temporal substance $

terminal state !

terminal symbol /

terminal test /

termination condition ! /

term re%riting "/! term

test set /

te&el $ #

te&ture gradient $! #

te&ture #

theorem prover "$! !

theorem proving ".! !

theorem (!

incompleteness ! !!

theory resolution ! $

thingi!ication !

thought !

thrashing (

threshold (#

tic-tac-toe $%

tile $"

tiling $!

time comple&ity !

time e&pressions #

time interval "!

time slice #

time

tit !or tat l$ $ l

to$enization "$!! /

top-do%n parsing !

torque sensor !

total cost

total

touring problem ! !!trac$ing /!!

tractability o! in!erence !

(

tractable

trading

trail $

training $"!

trans!er model #

transient !ailure " $

transition matri& $ !

transition model !

transition probability ! !

transitivity !

translation model #!transposition table $ !

tree decomposition /! ""

tree %idth ""

trial "

triangle tables $ $

trichromatic perception $!!

trigram

trihedral solid "

truth maintenance system /! "!!

!$

truth

tuple "

turbo decoding ! "$!!

,uring a%ard $ 2VSKI^,uring machine ! 2VSKI^

,uring ,est "$ 2VSKI^

typical instance

Uultraintelligent machine # !

ultrasonic transducer !!

uncertainty !

unconditional probability ! $

undecidability ! #!

underconstrained

under!lo% $!

undergeneration

unicorn

uni!ication $!!

/ni!ier2 ost =eneral (=/) -!J ,

uni!orm convergence theory $ #!

/!

uni!orm-cost search %!! #

uni!orm prior #!


19/19

139

/ni!orm +esource ocator (/+) -$

- ,

unigram model

unimodal

unin!ormed search !#!! %!!

unique action a&iom .$ " unique names assumption ! "(

unit clause "$ !

unit pre!erence $!! "$

unit propagation "$ ""!

unit resolution "$ !

units !unction !! "

universal grammar

/niversal 'nstantiation ,"

universal plan

/nmanned Air 0ehicle (/A0) g! -"

?!

/nmanned and 0ehicle (/0) g! -"

?! -"#unrealizable #

unrolling /.!

unsound #

unsupervised learning ! ! !!

upper ontology $

utilitarianism !!$

utility !!

cardinal !

e&pected !

!unction !!

multiattribute !

multiplicative

normalized !!

ordinal "theory $ 0!6

utterance "/!

Vvacuum tube $ /

vacuum %orld ! ! /

vagueness $

validity !

value determination .$

value !unction !! .$

value iteration !! (

value node .$

value o! computation .$ /

value o! in!ormation .$ !#$

value o! per!ect in!ormation .$ !

!#!!

vanishing point !$ #

variabilization ! !

variable !

variational methods "

vector quantization ! "/

vector space model ( "

vector "

verb phrase ! #!

veri!ication !

version space collapse ! (

"(

version space ( "(

verte& #

0ic$rey auction "!$ mKWRSDCvirtual counts

visibility graph #! !

vision !

voted perceptron ! ! !

!#$

Warren Abstract achine #!!! g!

nBSSDI

%avelength /

%ea$ A' ;h

%ea$ domination $

%ea$ method "%eather reports "$ /

%eighted

%eighted linear !unction !

!!

%ide content /

%ord alignment vector " !

.

%ord .!

%or$ing memory ! $

%or$shop !! $

%or$space ( $

%orld model2 in disambiguation J

! #!

%orld state ! %orst possible catastrophe $! "

#

%umpus %orld oVH`VE

X-Z&or

zero-sum game $" !"/ $

aima glossary

Documents