Air charter services, Private charter services

Air charter services, Private charter services2014

Table of ContentsCHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION3Overview of Industry as a whole3History of the Organization6Competitors Information9S.W.O.T Analysis of the Organization12Objectives of the study16Methodology18CHAPTER -2: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK21AIR CHARTER SERVICES PVT. LTD. Uses following types of Aircraft type21Performance23Specifications26Aircraft Performance31Pilatus PC 1234Airports list in India35List of Major Airports in India35Major international airports in India:38Source of Income of International Airport41Aircraft Related Charges44Aeronautical Services44NON-AERONAUTICAL SERVICES48General Parking50PASSENGER SERVICE FEE51Cargo Handling52Aircraft Refueling54Aircraft Maintenance54Eight Feature of Air traffic control648)Flight traffic mapping69CHAPTER -4: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION71Results of the study71Limitations73Suggestions74BIBLIOGRAPHY76APPENDIX77

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTIONOverview of Industry as a wholeAir Charter Service(ACS) is an aircraft charter provider with 17 offices spanning 5 continents. Air Charter Service does not own any aircraft, but arrangeshelicopter,private jet,commercial airlineandcargo aircraftcharters for a wide and diverse range of clients.Air Charter Service was founded in 1990 by Chris Leach in theUK, starting out as a small specialist aviation company committed to high standards of customer service that has grown to become a world-leading member of the aircraft charter industry - arranging 7,500 full charters per year.Anaircraftis amachinethat is able toflyby gaining support from theair, or, in general, theatmosphereof aplanet. It counters the force of gravity by using eitherstatic liftor by using thedynamic liftof anairfoil,or in a few cases thedownward thrustfrom jet.The human activity that surrounds aircraft is calledaviation.Crewedaircraft are flown by an onboardpilot, butunmanned aerial vehiclesmay beremotely controlledor self-controlled by onboard computers. Aircraft may be classified by different criteria, such as lift type, propulsion, usage and others.Ahelicopteris a type ofrotorcraftin whichliftandthrustare supplied byrotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward, and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas wherefixed-wing aircraftand many forms ofvertical takeoff and landingaircraft cannot perform.The wordhelicopteris adapted from the French languagehlicoptre, coined by Gustave Ponton d'Amcourt in 1861, which originates from the twisted, curved andPetron"wing".English-language nicknames for helicopter include "chopper", "copter", "helo", "heli" and "whirlybird".Helicopters were developed and built during the first half-century offlight, with theFocke-Wulf Fw 61being the first operational helicopter in 1936. Some helicopters reached limited production, but it was not until 1942 that a helicopter designed byIgor Sikorskyreached full-scale production,with 131 aircraft built.Though earlier designs used more than one main rotor, it is the single main rotor with anti-torque tailconfiguration that has become the most common helicopter configuration.Tandem rotorhelicopters are also in widespread use due to their greater payload capacity.Co-axial helicopters,Tilt rotor, andhybridrotorcraft are all flying today.Quad rotor helicopterspioneered as earlyin France, and other types ofmulticomputerhave been developed for specialized applications such as unmanned drones.Abusiness jet,private jet is ajet aircraftdesigned for transporting small groups of people. Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies,government officialsor thearmed forces.Anairlineis a company that providesair transport servicesfortravelingpassengersandfreight. Airlinesleaseor own theiraircraftwith which to supply these services and may formpartnershipsorallianceswith other airlines for mutual benefit. Generally, airline companies are recognized with anair operating certificateor license issued by a governmental aviation body.Airlines vary from those with a single aircraft carryingmailorcargo, through full-service international airlines operating hundreds of aircraft. Airline services can be categorized as being intercontinental, intra-continental, domestic, regional, or international, and may be operated as scheduled services or charters.Acargo aircraft(also known asfreight aircraft,freighter,airlifter, orcargo jet) is afixed-wing aircraftthat is designed or converted for the carriage of goods, rather than passengers. Such aircraft usually do not incorporate passenger amenities, and generally feature one or more large doors for loading cargo. Freighters may be operated by civil passenger orcargo airlines, by private individuals or by thearmed forcesof individual countries.Aircraft designed for cargo flight usually have features that distinguish them from conventional passenger aircraft: a wide/tall fuselage cross-section, a high-wing to allow the cargo area to sit near the ground, a large number of wheels to allow it to land at unprepared locations, and a high-mounted tail to allow cargo to be driven directly into and off the aircraft.Cargo aircraft represent a small proportion of the overallair freightmarket. The majority is carried in specialULD containersin thecargo holdsof normalpassenger aircraft.

Profile of the organizationWith India's rapidly growing, expeditiously changing economic and business environment, the percentage of traveling population is burgeoning. More and more people are traveling for both business purposes and recreation. Keeping pace with the other advancements, the way we travel is also improving.To cater to the divergent needs of VVIPs, State Governments, Corporate Houses, Political Parties, Travel Agents, Tour Operators, Medical Evacuation, Aerial Surveys, etc; India Fly Safe Aviation Limited (IFSAL) offers tailor made solutions for all the travel requirements, both for business and leisure.Offering charters with outstanding crew, IFSAL provides first class private charter services. We are a young, energetic and widely reputed company, whose priority is focusing on delivering excellent customer service. We conduct safe air operations on hire, reward principle, and fully understand the needs and concerns of our clients.A perfect way to travel, we offer you the best flight you can have for yourself, either for business or recreation. The aviation experts at IFSAL can provide you with customized programs; right down to the gourmet meals that you expect when flying in a private charter.Air Charter Services Pvt. Ltd.Room No.402 / 412, 4th Floor G+5 Building Terminal 1B, Palam Domestic AirportNew Delhi - 110037, INDIAPh.: (+91-11) 2567 4449, 2567 1327, 2567 4558, 2567 4848Fax: (+91-11) 2567 4479Email:mail@aircharterservices.com

History of the Organization ACS was founded in 1990 by Chris Leach as a small specialized aviation company, initially dealing with a small number of large contracts.The Charter market had seemed saturated, with a small number of large established companies controlling the whole market along with a handful of one and 2 man brokerages and many thought that there was not enough room for a new big player. ACSs commitment to personal service proved popular in what had been described by some as a complacent market place and the company grew rapidly. ACS then furthered their commitment to providing exceptional customer service by opening regional offices. These offices were established with the aim of meeting the charter requirements of existing customers but also to extend ACSs charter services to international clients.Each regional office was based on the same principles of customer service and every account manager worldwide was trained in the London office. ACS now employs over 250 staff around the globe speaking local languages and with expertise in their own regional markets and counts Middle Eastern royalty, the British government, major multinational corporations and non-profit organizations as its customers.The company has grown on the following principles High quality personal service 24/7 coverage Quick response times Continuous service from enquiry to post flight Expert knowledge of the industryThe History of Air Charter Service private flight Not only can flights be booked in a hurry and personalized, but it should be mentioned that this method of journey reduces the amount of stability scrutiny and those embarrassingly lengthy protection checkpoints. Even though most tourists understand why these measures were put into spot right after nine/11, there are handful of folks who will sing their praises in the face of long delays/missed flights due to holdups at these checkpoints. For people who question if air constitution travelers appreciate the very same creature comforts as their professional airline counterparts - the solution is a resounding affirmative. In addition, air constitution flights can be customized to the consumer - whether a organization trip or a family members trip, which can make them an attractive choice for teams of anysize.Personal Air Charter - Difficulties with Professional Airlines Even with the growing variety of industrial travel web sites that promise to "customize" flights and vacations, a closer evaluation of these web sites reveals that possibilities are often fairly restricted. For illustration, one key air provider has only a few of non-stop flights per working day amongst Orlando, FL and Memphis, TN - a single is very early in the morning and one isolate in the evening. Men and women not available for travel in the course of these times face the prospect of either finding a flight with a layover, possibly paying much more for a non-stop flight with yet another provider, or flying in/out of another airport. Jet charter travel has none of these restrictions - flights can be scheduled at any time of the day to nearly any destination. Charter airways normally need really minor discover, so very last minute outings for important company meetings or medical emergencies are not a problem. This versatility enables a traveler to exercising higher handle above the excursion, which can give a higher degree of pleasure. At a single position in time an air charter assistance was one thing obtainable only to these substantial on the company ladder. Business executives and CEOs of key organizations would resort to utilizing air charter solutions as an substitute to owning an aircraft of their own. These non-public charter companies would offer these experts with all the excellent luxury and ease related with proudly owning a personal jet without having the additional expense of preserving and maintaining it. As effectively as currently being really pricey to buy outright, a private jet can also be incredibly high priced to maintain you require having an aircraft hangar or an airstrip to shop the plane - each of which can value a large quantity of cash. As a end result they made the decision to use a charter services as a substitute. It is hard to determine when the kinds of air charter services commonly utilized by business individuals these days ended up first released. The greater part of individuals would argue that the first air constitution services commenced just immediately after the stop of Entire World War II. Even so, the correct progress of company air constitution boomed immediately after the Globe War II when the extra and surplus plane has been commenced to be provided to the company.Indian Aviation Industry is one of the fastest growing airline industries in the world. The history of Indian Aviation Industry started in December 1912 with its first domestic air route between Karachi and Delhi. It was opened by the Indian Air Services in collaboration with the UK based Imperial Airways as an extension of London-Karachi flight of the Imperial Airways. Tata Sons Ltd., the first Indian airline, started a regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras three years later without any backing from the Indian government.

During the period of independence, 9 air transport companies were carrying both air cargo and passengers in the Indian Territory. In 1948, the Indian Government and Air India set up a joint sector company, Air India International to further strengthen the Aviation Industry of India. As part of nationalization in 1953 of Indian Airlines (IA) brought the domestic civil aviation sector under the purview of Indian Government. Later till the mid 1990's government-owned airlines dominated Indian aviation industry. When the government adopted the Open-sky policy in 1990 and other liberalization policies the Indian Aviation Indian made underwent a rapid and dramatic transformation.By the year 2000 several private airlines have entered into the aviation business in succession and many more were about to enter into the arena. Indian aviation industry today is dominated by private airlines and low-cost carriers like Deccan Airlines, GoAir, and SpiceJet, air charter services etc. And Indian Airlines, the giant of Indian air travel industry, gradually lost its market share to these private airlines. According to the report of CAPA, these budget carriers are likely to double their market share by 2010 -- one of the highest in the world.Indian aviation industry can be classified into three groups: Public players Private players Start up playersThere are three public players: Air India, Indian Airlines and Alliance Air. The private players include Jet Airways, Air Sahara, Paramount airways, Go Air Airlines, Kingfisher Airlines, Spice Jet, Air Deccan and many more. The startup players are those which are planning to enter into the markets. Some of them are Omega Air, Magic Air, Premier Star Air and MDLR Airlines.Competitors Information New Flight CharterNew Flight Charters is not restricted to a defined fleet or certain operator relationships or networks, and thus can quote charter flight quality and price options not otherwise available. Take advantage of the comprehensive nationwide availability of based aircraft, floating fleets, discounted one-way flights, and empty legs with the leading DOT-registered and FAA-certified aircraft operators, and your guaranteed-best one-way or round trip pricing for each and every flight. Benefit from the history and reputation of New Flight Charters, with confidence that the top-rated, registered and respected company is arranging your charter flight on your behalf. Detailed charter quotes are free and normally sent 24 hours from the request, and guaranteed for best price in the market. Ballpark pricing and general information are available immediately. One Sky JetAt OneSky, we've created something special: a private jet alternative that offers the peace of mind and reliability of fractional ownership with the flexibility, simplicity and choice of private jet charter. Access to over 2,500 approved private jets Freedom to select the exact jet make and model for each trip No up-front capital outlay Stringent and unyielding commitment to passenger safety Best of class logistics expertise through our FedEx heritage OneSky Jets The Evolution of the Private Jet Company OneSky Jets does not own or manage their own jets. Instead, we've built a unique model which unites the top private jet carriers into a cohesive network,Paramount Business JetParamount Business Jets is a private jet charter brokerage company and on behalf of its clients arranges private charter flights with FAA part 135 certified operators and similar charter approved operators throughout the world. Representing clients in the marketplace, Paramount Business Jets is committed to finding all appropriate aircraft meeting both the client's and the mission's requirements. PBJ's skilled team of aviation consultants, with years of experience negotiating the best possible pricing from only the safest operators in the marketplace, help to ensure we provide the most cost effective and value added aircraft choices for our clients. With access to over 15,000 private jets and VIP airliners worldwide, PBJ clients enjoy the freedom of choosing any aircraft size and comfort level on a per trip basis to and from any city in the world. PBJ plans and tracks every aspect of the trip from the beginning to the end, including gourmet catering, car service requests and any of the special needs of our clients.Imperial JetsImperial Jets will arrange the ideal private aircraft for your business or leisure trip. We have access to a diverse network of turboprops and light, heavy, mid and super- midsized jets around the globe. We are an experienced and innovative firm devoted to providing you with unequaled safety, service, luxury and convenience. Safety The only other passengers on your flight are the colleagues and companions you choose. Human errors and variables from agents, baggage handlers and airport screeners are eliminated. Any information regarding charter flights booked through Imperial Jets remains strictly confidential. Each pilot's experience, safety record, insurance and equipment hours are audited by the operator to the highest standards. Please see Standards page. Flexibility You, rather than an airline or charter company can select or change planes and flight times. Imperial Jets charter carriers can access several thousand airports in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa, thereby avoiding routing you through congested " hub airports".Stratos Jet ChartersAt Stratos Jet Charters we believe that long-term client relationships are born of good experiences, not long-term contracts. We specialize in arranging on-demand private jet charter flights for long-term, repeat clients who wish to enjoy a safe and hassle-free air charter experience. In order to build long-term relationships with our clients, we assist them with making informed buying decisions for every charter flight. Our goal is to better understand and meet the unique needs of each client, and this philosophy has shaped all aspects of our company. Working with Stratos Jet Charters allows our clients to gain access to our network of approved vendors that are regularly assessed to ensure their compliance with our aircraft, insurance and flight crew requirements. Our clients are afforded piece of mind knowing that all of our vendors comply with the rigorous standards of our air charter safety due diligence program. Stratos Jet Charters clients seek the flexibility of choosing among many different aircraft for their personalized charter flights . With access to over 5,000 aircraft that meet the most rigorous standards of air charter safety, Stratos Jet Charters provides the highest level of aircraft flexibility and guarantees a private charter aircraft with as little as twelve hours notice. Our air charter coordinators are among the most knowledgeable in the jet charter industry and are happy to be your educational resource for air charter safety and market research assistant for private jet charter flights. Our team of jet charter experts is available 24/7 to assist you with arranging air charter flights on rigorously inspected aircraft with highly-experienced flight crews.

S.W.O.T Analysis of the OrganizationConducting a SWOT analysis, that is, reviewing the strengths of an organization, its weaknesses, opportunities it can capitalize on for maximum profits, and the threats to achieving its full potential provides very invaluable information to the organization about the market and understanding the industry, as well. The aviation industry is not an exception, it too has its own share of strengths and opportunities which once utilized by an organization can help it grow substantially and weaknesses and threats which the organization must strive to minimize to the lowest possible levels.One of the strengths of an organization in the aviation industry is the growing income levels. The growth in individual incomes increases the amount of disposable income and hence many people are able to utilize the carriers to fly to their destinationsGrowth in tourism is also a major strength as it has led to a significant increase in the number of domestic and international passengers with statistics indicating a 50% growth in the number of domestic flyers and a 25% increase in the number of international flyers.Despite the downturns, air travel has continued to grow over time and is one of those industries that are far away from reaching their peak. This can be partly attributed to the ever growing population and the increase in the propensity of people to fly. With efficient management, an organization in the aviation industry is guaranteed to grow into a big and profitable enterprise.Air travel has a marked safety record and has been generally accepted as a safe and fast way to travel. Even the low cost growing airlines have safety and speed attributed to them and therefore, a small growing airline shares this strength with big and recognized brand names in the industry which is quite an advantage. Airline staff consists of highly trained personnel, which is a major strength, to any organization in the industry.One of the major weaknesses in the aviation industry is infrastructural development. The development of infrastructure has been very slowing thus unable to keep up the pace of growth of the aviation sector. It is therefore, a major bottleneck in the industry. A growing airline should therefore, give priority to investing in infrastructure by constructing state of the art airports with adequate runways and ample parking lots for passengers. It should also invest on routes leading to the airports to help reduce passenger delays due to traffic.Airlines have been known to have a very high 'spoilage' rate in comparison with other industries. Once a passenger misses his/her flight, the income/revenue from that seat is lost. In order to avoid or minimize this occurrence, the airline should establish a method of contacting all the passengers prior to departure to remind them of their flight. There should also be a larger time window between the boarding time and the departure of the airbus to cater for those passengers who arrive late for their flights.Aircrafts are very expensive and running an airline requires a very huge capital outlay. For this to work to the advantage of the airline, proper marketing strategies are required, and careful planning to ensure that returns on investment are greater than the initial investment.An airline may find it very difficult to compete with other carriers due to their low fares. To survive this, the organization can lower its fares but ensure that they are in balance with the returns to avoid losses. Extensive advertising campaigns on quality can also give it an edge over the low cost carriers.Airlines have to maintain a huge work force which is spread over an outsized ecological area and which requires constant communication and monitoring. For this to work to its advantage, extensive evaluation of the personnel is required to ensure competence and also the ability of the workers to work under minimum supervision.There are many opportunities that an airline can capitalize on to reap maximum profits. Expected investment is one of the opportunities that can benefit an airline. The aviation sector is ever growing, and there is an increasing number of stakeholders in the industry willing to invest in air travel. An airline can take this opportunity to increase its capital base so as to be able to enjoy large economies of scale.Development of new products and services can have a substantial blow on the profits of an organization. In aviation, an airline can introduce mailing services for delivery of mails and parcels across the globe. It can also introduce special fare packages for those travelling to certain destinations for pleasure or business.Technological advancement and investment in information technology is an opportunity that can greatly help an organization to minimize its operation cost. An airline can rely on information technology to offer more customers friendly services and also provide customers with other services like internet while travelling which would make them pay more for the services hence increasing the profit margins of the organization.The organization should evaluate end user response to its services to gain information on what areas of its services to improve. This would go a long way in helping the organization acquire new customers as well as retain its old ones who are satisfied with the services being offered.The organization should also take the opportunity to expand and cover a larger geographical area. It should grow into the untapped markets and offer its products and services in these regions. Having a large customer base would increase its profits.Acquiring better supply deals, for example, a less expensive fuel supplier would greatly minimize the operation cost of an organization in the aviation industry. The airline can also retain its suppliers but negotiate for better deals with the aim of increasing its profit margin.Cutting down on delays is very important in the aviation industry. Minimized delays would mean less refunds and minimal compensation due to inconveniences made. It would also help the organization to gain the customers trust thus establishing itself as a carrier of choice for many travelers.Linking up with other carriers in the industry is an opportunity that should not be ruled out. Linking up with another carrier would increase the passenger volume greatly. This can be done through ensuring a coordinated schedule where the airlines offer their services to various destinations through a sharing agreement. Only one carrier flying to a given destination from a particular location would enable the partnering carriers to avoid the long time taken before an aircraft is filled.Strengths:1. Growing tourism:Due to growth in tourism, there has been anincrease in number of the international and domestic passengers. The estimated growth of domestic passenger segment is at 50% per annum and growth for international passenger segment is 25%Growth in tourism is also a major strength as it has led to a significant increase in the number of domestic and international passengers with statistics indicating a 50% growth in the number of domestic flyers and a 25% increase in the number of international flyers.

2. Rising income levels:Due to the rise in income levels, the disposable income is also higher which are expected to enhance the number of flyers.One of the strengths of an organization in the aviation industry is the growing income levels. The growth in individual incomes increases the amount of disposable income and hence many people are able to utilize the carriers to fly to their destinations.Weaknesses:1. Under penetrated Market :The total passenger traffic was only 50 million as on 31st Dec 2005 amounting to only 0.05 trips per annum as compared to developed nations like United States have 2.02 trips per annum.2. Untapped Air Cargo Market:Air cargo market has not yet been fully taped in the Indian markets and is expected that in the coming years large number of players will have dedicated fleets.

3. Infrastructural constraints:The infrastructure development has not kept pace with the growth in aviation services sector leading to a bottleneck. Huge investment requirement for physical infrastructure for airports.Opportunities:

1.Expecting investments:investment of about US $30 billion will be made.

2. Expected Market Size:Average growth of aviation sector is about 25%-30% and the expected market size is projected to grow upto100 million by 2010.ThreatsHuge investments are expected to take place in aviation sector in near future. It is estimated that by 2012.1. Shortage of trained Pilots:There is a shortage of trained pilots, co-pilots and ground staff which is severely limiting growth prospects.2. Shortage of Airports:There is a shortage of airport facilities, parking bays, air traffic control facilities and takeoff and landing slots.3. High prices:Though enough number of low cost carriers are already existing in the industry, majority of the population is still not able to fly to other destinations.Objectives of the study To study the concept of air charter services To study the types of plane provide by air charter services To learn about various airports in India To Study the specification, price list of different types of plane To study the functionality of air charter services like how to work, size of air charter services. To study about air charter charities To study about Air charter services training

Scope of the study To deliver the project on time To deliver the project according to given guidelines To deliver the project with relevant information of air charter services Specific to aviation industry Reliable project report Time management to deliver the project report

MethodologyMethodologyis the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is, therefore, not the same thing as a method. Instead, it offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method, set of methods or so called best practices can be applied to specific case, for example, to calculate a specific result.The nature of research can be either qualitative or quantitative or both. According to Malhotra (1996:164), qualitative research is an unstructured, exploratory research method based on small samples intended to provide insight and understanding about the problem statement. Quantitative research involves the collection of primary data from a large number of individuals, frequently with the intention of projecting the results onto the larger population. (Martins et al, 1996:125)Collection of Primary DataThere are various methods of collecting primary research data, namely mail-based self administered questionnaire, telephone interviews, personal interviews and focus groups. This study relied heavily on personal interviews and telephone interviews. For purpose of this study, different air carriers that have their registered office in India were studied. It included both public sector as well as private sector airlines operating in India that have domestic flights in India as well as international flights to & from India. For the purpose of this study, data was collected in two parts, i.e. a) the Executives from the Human Resource Departments of these air carriers were personally interviewed by the researcher along with the questionnaire that was administered to them. b) The commercial pilots working with these airlines were either met personally and the questionnaire was administered to them or a phone call was made to them & then they were sent questionnaires. This was done after obtaining necessary permissions from all respective airlines. Altogether 261 commercial pilots working with six air carriers from India were surveyed ranging from First Officer to Check Pilot from age group of 21 years to 50+. The survey was conducted using two separate questionnaires specially designed for this purpose. One questionnaire was designed for the HR departments of the Indian air carriers where the Executives working with these airlines shared their current recruitment & retention practices with the researcher and the second questionnaire was designed for the commercial pilots working with these airlines where these pilots shared how they perceive their employers in terms of recruitment & retention practices. Both the executives and the pilots were briefed on the purpose for data collection. They were also given an assurance that the data collected would be kept confidential & would be used for research purpose only.Secondary DataSecondary data was collected through various journals, e-journals, magazines & books available on this subject. The articles & research papers published were also the part of the study. The HRD policies of the concerned organizations were also significant to the studyVariables under Study A variable is any stimulus factor or behavior that can change on some dimension and that can be observed, sometimes controlled and measures. In scientific research, variables that can be quantified with precision are preferred. (Walsh, 2002:1) Independent Variable: An independent variable in an experiment is the variable under the control of the scientist/investigator and which is believed to have the potential to alter or influence the dependent variable. (Walsh, 2002:1) The independent variable used in this study is recruitment of commercial pilots by Indian air carriers. The operational definition denotes a variable in terms of the operations or techniques used to obtain or measure it. When quantitative researchers describe the variables in their study, they specify what they mean by demonstrating how they measured a variable. Demographic variables are usually defined by asking respondents to choose an appropriate category from a list, while abstract concepts need to be defined operationally by defining in detail how they were measured in a particular study. (Morgan, Griego, 1998:1)

Dependent Variable: Walsh (2002:1) defines dependent variable as the response or behavior in an experiment that is being studied in order to determine if it has been influenced by or altered by the independent variable. It is therefore, the presumed outcome or criterion. The dependent variable in this study is retention of commercial pilots by Indian air carriers.PEST ANALYSIS Political Disputes between countries Trading Business between countries Corruption Natural disasters Economic Monetary and Fiscal Policy Rise in airline turbine fuels (ATF) Recession Social Diversity in population Crew members behavior Increasing expectations of the customers Technological Internet (Online facilities) Modernization of airports Satellite based Navigation system

CHAPTER -2: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKAIR CHARTER SERVICES PVT. LTD. Uses following types of Aircraft type

BE-350(SUPER KING AIR)

TheBeech craft Super King Airfamily is part of a line of twin-turbopropaircraft produced byBeech craft. The King Air line comprises a number of model series that fall into four families: the Model 90 series, Model 100 series (these models comprising theKing Airfamily), Model 200 series and Model 300 series.The latter two models were originallymarketedas the "Super King Air" family, but the "Super" was dropped in 1996.The Super King Air family has been in continuous production since 1974, the longest production run of any civilian turboprop aircraft in its class. It has outlasted all of its previous competitors and as of 2009 the only other aircraft in its class is thePiaggio Avanti.As of December 2009, theB200,B200GTand the largerB300are the production models.Special mission derivative versions of these models are also available for order.TheBeech craft 1900regional airliner was derived from the Model B200 King Air.SpecificationsSeating ConfigurationStandardMetric

(Crew + standard pax / Max pax)1 + 9 / 111 + 9 / 11

Avionics

ManufacturerCollinsCollins

SuitePro Line 21Pro Line 21

Engines

ManufacturerP&WCP&WC

TypePT6A-60APT6A-60A

Power Rating1,050 shp783 kW

Dimensions (External)

Wingspan57 ft 11 in17.65 m

Max Airplane Length46 ft 8 in14.22 m

Max Tail Height14 ft 4 in4.37 m

Dimensions (Internal) Cabin

Length19 ft 6 in5.94 m

Width4 ft 6 in1.37 m

Height4 ft 9 in1.45 m

Baggage Capacity71.3 cu. ft2.0 cu. m

Max Baggage Weight1,150 lb522 kg

Weights

Max Ramp Weight15,100 lb6,849 kg

Max Takeoff Weight15,000 lb6,804 kg

Max Zero Fuel Weight12,500 lb5,670 kg

Max Landing Weight15,000 lb6,804 kg

Useable Fuel Capacity3,611 lb1,638 kg

Basic Operating Weight*10,000 lb4,536 kg

Max Payload2,500 lb1,134 kg

Useful Load5,100 lb2,313 kg

PerformancePerformanceStandardMetric

Maximum Cruise Speed313 kt580 km/h

Range: Max Payload947 nm1,754 km

Range: Full Fuel/Available Payload1,606 nm2,974 km

Range: 4 Passengers1,714 nm3,174 km

Range: Ferry1,805 nm3,343 km

Max Operating Altitude35,000 ft10,668 m

Take-off Field Length (MTOW)3,300 ft1,006 m

Landing Field Length (MLW)2,692 ft821 m

BE-B200 (Super King Air)

The King Air B200 isthe most successful business aircraftin the world. Since its introduction, the Model 200 has outsold every other single line of business airplane, jet, or turboprop. The B200 has been extensively updated, inside and out, to achieve new levels of quietness and comfort.Compared to its jet competitors, the B200 offers unmatched utility: Itcarries morein a luxurious, comfortable cabin, operates fromshorter fieldsandcosts less to operate.

SpecificationsExternal Dimensions

Length43 ft 10 in13.36 m

Height14 ft 10 in4.52 m

Span54 ft 6 in16.61 m

Cabin Dimensions

Length16 ft 8 in5.08 m

Height4 ft 9 in1.45 m

Width4 ft 6 in1.37 m

Characteristics

Seating (Crew + Pax)2 + 7 / 9*

Max Cruise Speed**289 kt535 km/h

Service Ceiling35,000 ft10.668 m

Max Range (Ferry + 1 Pilot)1,671 nm3.095 km

* by 2 optional Fold Up Seats

** differs from King Air 250 and B200GT

2 Engines

ManufacturerPratt & Whitney Canada

Model**PT6A-42

Output (per Engine)850 shp850 PS

Inspection Interval (TBO)3,600 hrs3,600 Std

** differs from King Air 250 and B200GT

Weights

Max Ramp12,590 lb5,711 kg

Max Takeoff12,500 lb5,670 kg

Max Zero Fuel11,000 lb4,990 kg

Typ. Equip. Basic Operating**8,655 lb3,926 kg

** differs from King Air 250 and B200GT

Capacity

Max Payload (without Pilot)**2,345 lb1,064 kg

Useful Load (without Pilot)**3,935 lb1,785 kg

Max Fuel Capacity3,645 lb1,653 kg

Fuel (with Max Payload)1,590 lb1,590 kg

BE-C90A (KING AIR C90)

The Model 90 King Air was conceived as theModel 120in 1961. In May 1963, Beech craft began test flights of the proof-of-conceptModel 87, a modifiedQueen AirwithPratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-6 engines. On 14 July, Beech announced a new type, and a month later began accepting orders for the "King Air", with deliveries to commence in autumn 1964.After 10 months of test flying, in 1964 the Model 87 was delivered to theUnited States Armyas the NU-8F. On 24 January, the first definitive prototype, by now designatedModel 65-90and also fitted with PT6A-6 engines, flew for the first time. The first production aircraft was delivered on October 8, and by the end of the month, 152 aircraft had been ordered;by year's end, seven had been built. In 1966, after 112 65-90s were completed, production switched to theModel 65-A90with PT6A-20 engines. As a measure of the type's popularity, 206 65-A90s were built in less than two years when production switched to theModel B90, the first of these rolling off the production line in 1968.Military versions built during these years included the65-A90-1,65-A90-2,65-A90-3, and65-A90-4, all being unpressurised models based on the Model 87. These were produced for the US Army which designated them U-21s of various sub-models; many were fitted out for electronic battlefield surveillance. A total of 162 of these were built between 1967 and 1971. A total of 184 B90 models were produced before theModel C90was introduced in 1971,[3]with wingspan increased over earlier models by 4ft 11in (1.50m) to 50ft 3 in (15.32 m), Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) increased by 350lb (160kg) to 9,650lb (4,378kg), and PT6A-20A engines. The broadly similarModel E90was introduced the following year, with PT6A-28 engines; the two were produced in parallel. Further refinement of the 90 series resulted in theModel F90and follow-onModel F90-1. The F-models featured the T-tail of theModel 200 King Airmated to the fuselage and wings of the E90, with PT6A-135 engines of 750 shp (560kW) driving four-bladed propellers. The F90 prototype flew on 16 January 1978 and 203 production versions followed between 1979 and 1983, when the F90 was superseded by the F90-1.The F90 prototype was re-engined withGarrett AiResearch TPE-331engines to test the feasibility of aModel G90, but this model was not put into production.TheModel C90-1entered production in 1982 after 507 C90s and 347 E90s had been built,and featured PT6A-21 engines and improvements to the pressurization system. 54 were built.The following year the F90-1 was put into production with redesigned engine cowlings, upgraded PT6A-135A engines, hydraulic landing gear, and triple-fed electrical bus; only 33 were built by the time production terminated in 1985.The C90-1 was soon followed by theModel C90A, which featured the redesigned engine cowlings of the F90-1. The C90A received an increase in MTOW in 1987, being certified to 10,100lb (4,580kg). The C90A model was in production until 1992, by which time 235 had been built, all but 74 with the increased MTOW.Only two C90As were built in 1992, theModel C90Bfollowed that year with airframe improvements, four-bladed propellers, and propeller synchrophasing,all in an effort to reduce cabin noise. This model also had PT6A-21s; the first production C90B was fitted with the 10,000th PT6 engine delivered to Beech craft. In 1994 a cheaper version was introduced as theC90SE(Special Edition), with three-bladed propellers, standardized interior and mechanical instruments instead of theElectronic Flight Instrument System(EFIS) fitted to the C90B.A total of 456 C90Bs and C90SEs were delivered by the time production of these models ended in late 2005. In July 2005, during theOshkosh Air show, Beech craft introduced theC90GT. The C90GT was fitted with 750shp (560kW) PT6A-135As,flat ratedto the same 550shp (410kW) as the earlier King Airs. This engine change increased performance due to lower operating temperatures, improving both cruise speed and climb rate. With a 275 kt (509km/h, 316mph) cruise speed, the C90GT was highly competitive with the new generation ofVery Light Jetsover short to medium distances, while providing a larger and more luxurious cabin. C90GT deliveries commenced at the beginning of 2006.On 21 May 2007, during the 7th AnnualEuropean Business Aviation Convention & ExhibitioninGeneva, Beech craft announced theModel C90GTiupdated version of the C90GT, featuring theRockwell CollinsProline 21avionicspackage previously only offered for the B200 and B300 King Airs. Deliveries commenced in 2008 after 97 C90GTs were delivered to customers over the previous two years.Aircraft PerformanceWeights (lb)King Air C90A, BE-C90A

Max Ramp10,160

Max Takeoff10,100

Max Landing9,600

Zero Fuel9,389b

BOW6,780

Max Payload2,609

Useful Load3,380

Executive Payload1,400

Max Fuel2,573

Max Fuel2,573

Avail Payload Max Fuel807

Avail Fuel Max Payload771

Avail Fuel Exec Payload1,980

LimitsKing Air C90A, BE-C90A

MMON/A

Transition Altitude FL/VMON/A

Cabin Pressurization (PSI)5.0

Airport PerformanceKing Air C90A, BE-C90A

TO (Sea Level, ISA Temp)2,577

TO (5000, @25C)4,550

Hot/High WATN/A

NBAA IFR RangesV2 @ SL ISA, MTOW219N/A

VREFN/A

Landing Distance with 4 PassengersN/A

ClimbKing Air C90A, BE-C90A

Time to Climb/AltN/A

Engine Out Rate fpm554

FAR 25 Engine-Out Grad (ft/nm)305

Ceilings (ft)King Air C90A, BE-C90A

Certificated30,000

All Eng Srv29,800

Eng Out Service14,900

Sea Level Cabin11,065

Long Range CruiseKing Air C90A, BE-C90A

KTAS194

Fuel Flow316

AltitudeFL 230

Specific Range0.614

High Speed CruiseKing Air C90A, BE-C90A

KTAS247

Fuel Flow592

AltitudeFL 160

Specific Range0.417

Pilatus PC 12ThePilatus PC-12is a single-engineturboproppassenger andcargo aircraftmanufactured byPilatus AircraftofSwitzerland. The main market for the aircraft is corporate transport and regional airline operators. TheU.S. Air Force's designation is theU-28A.The Pilatus PC-12has gained a reputation for outstanding versatility, performance, reliability and operational flexibility. As such, it is one of the most popular turbine-powered business aircraft on the market today. In operation around the globe, the PC-12 has found popularity in a number of roles includingexecutive transport, air ambulance and government special mission applications.The cockpit features EFIS displays and the PC-12 is certificated for single pilot operation. Flight crew of one or two pilots (certificated for single pilot).Corporate/executive transportconfigurations typically seat six or eight in main cabin.This is our most popular aircraft and is especially suited forAir Ambulance and Medical services.CapacityFlight crew of one or two pilots (certificated for single pilot). Seating for six or eight in main cabin. Combo passenger/freight version seats four passengers in main cabin plus freight pallet.

Airports list in IndiaMajor airports in India offer both domestic and overseas flights. The airport transportation network of the country effectively fulfills the needs of a large number of tourists and visitors who are arriving in the country from distant locations. The travel and tourism sector of the country is thriving at a rapid pace. This is making a significant contribution to the economic development of the country in a special way. The country is home to over 20 international airports and various national airports. Over 335 civilian airports in the country are there and they can be categorized into airports with concreted runways (250) and airports with caliches-topped runways (96).The major airports in India include the following: Chattrapati Shivaji International Airport of Mumbai, Indira Gandhi International Airport of New Delhi, Calicut International Airport of Calicut, Begumpet Airport of Hyderabad, Cochin International Airport Limited of Cochin, Chennai International Airport of Chennai, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport ofKolkata, HAL Airport of Bangalore, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport of Ahmedabad, Raja Sansi International Airport of Amritsar and Trivandrum International Airport of Thiruvananthapuram.List of Major Airports in IndiaGiven below are the names of the major airports in India along with the names of the cities served by them and the category in which they fall, following are the categories: International - Handles international flights Customs - Airports which have customs checking and clearance facilities for handling international flights but are not promoted to International Airport status. Domestic - Handles domestic flights Future - Proposed airport project or under construction

Territory or StateName of AirportCity ServedCategory

Andaman and Nicobar IslandsVeer Savarkar International AirportPort BlairCustoms

Andhra PradeshVisakhapatnam AirportVisakhapatnamCustoms

AssamLokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International AirportGuwahatiCustoms

BiharJaiprakash Narayan International AirportPatnaCustoms

Gaya AirportGayaCustoms

ChhattisgarhSwami Vivekananda AirportRaipurDomestic

Daman and DiuDiu AirportDiuDomestic

DelhiIndira Gandhi International AirportNew DelhiInternational

GoaDabolim AirportEntire stateInternational

GujaratSardar Vallabhbhai Patel International AirportAhmedabadInternational

Jammu and KashmirSrinagar AirportSrinagarCustoms

Jammu AirportJammuDomestic

JharkhandBirsa Munda AirportRanchiDomestic

KarnatakaMangalore AirportMangaloreCustoms

Bengaluru International Airport (Kempegowda International Airport)BengaluruInternational

KeralaTrivandrum International AirportTrivandrumInternational

Cochin International AirportCochinInternational

Calicut International AirportCalicutInternational

LakshadweepAgatti AerodromeAgattiDomestic

Madhya PradeshRaja Bhoj AirportBhopalCustoms

Devi Ahilyabai Holkar AirportIndoreDomestic

MaharashtraChhatrapati Shivaji International AirportMumbaiInternational

Pune AirportPuneCustoms

New Pune International AirportPuneFuture

Shirdi AirportShirdiFuture

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International AirportNagpurCustoms

ManipurTulihal AirportImphalDomestic

MeghalayaShillong AirportShillongDomestic

MizoramLengpui AirportAizawlDomestic

NagalandDimapur AirportDimapurDomestic

OdishaPatnaik AirportBhubaneswarDomestic

PondicherryPondicherry AirportPondicherryDomestic

PunjabSri Guru Ram Dass Jee International AirportAmritsarInternational

RajasthanJaipur International AirportJaipurCustoms

SikkimPakyong AirportGangtokFuture

Tamil NaduChennai International AirportChennaiInternational

Tiruchirapalli International AirportTiruchirapalliCustoms

TelanganaRajiv Gandhi International AirportHyderabadInternational

TripuraAgartala AirportAgartalaDomestic

UttrakhandJolly Grant AirportDehradunDomestic

Uttar PradeshTaj International AirportGreater NoidaFuture

Varanasi AirportVaranasiCustoms

Amausi AirportLucknowCustoms

Agra Air Force StationAgraDomestic

West BengalNetaji Subhash Chandra Bose International AirportKolkataInternational

Bagdogra AirportSiliguriCustoms

Major international airports in India:

Indira Gandhi International AirportThe Indira Gandhi International Airport is the main international airport situated in the NCR (National Capital Region). It is a public airport and is located in the south-west part of the city. The busiest airport of the country, it houses six terminals for serving the passengers. The airport has a capacity of managing over 46 million passengers. About 80 airlines operate from this airport. The airport functions as a hub for the following airlines: Air India Regional, Air India, GoAir, Blue Dart Aviation, Jagson Airlines, IndiGo, Jet Airways, JetLite, SpiceJet, and Kingfisher Airlines.Airlines serving Indira Gandhi International Airport Given below are the names of the airlines that serve Indira Gandhi International Airport: Aerosvit Airlines, Aeroflot, Air Astana, Air Arabia, Air France, Air China, Air India Express, Air India, Air Mauritius, Air India Regional, American Airlines, AirAsia X, Asiana Airlines, Ariana Afghan Airlines, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Cathay Pacific, British Airways, China Eastern Airlines, China Airlines, Druk Air, China Southern Airlines, Emirates, East Air, Etihad Airways, Ethiopian Airlines, GMG Airlines, Finnair, Gulf Air, GoAir, Jagson Airlines, IndiGo, Jet Airways, Japan Airlines, Kam Air, JetLite, KLM, Kingfisher Airlines, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait Airways, Mahan Air, Lufthansa, Nepal Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Pakistan International Airlines, Oman Air, Qatar Airways, Philippine Airlines, Safi Airways, Royal Jordanian, Singapore Airlines, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Sri Lankan Airlines, SpiceJet, Thai AirAsia, Swiss International Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Thai Airways International, United Airlines, Turkmenistan Airlines, Virgin Atlantic Airways, and Uzbekistan Airways.

Chennai International AirportAlso named as Anna International Airport, the Chennai International Airport is the principal international airport in South India. The airport lies at Tirusalem near Chennai, the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu. There are three terminals in the airport - the Anna Terminal, the Kamaraj Terminal, and the Meenambakkam Terminal (for cargo). The airport serves as the hub for the following airlines: Air India Cargo, Air India, Jet Airways, Blue Dart Aviation, and Spicejet.Airlines that serve Chennai International Airport Given below is a list of the airlines serving the Chennai International Airport: Air Arabia, Air Asia, Air India, Air India Express, Air India Regional, Air Mauritius, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Gulf Air, IndiGo, Jet Airways, Jet Airways, JetLite, Kingfisher Airlines, Kuwait Airways, Lufthansa, Malaysia Airlines, Oman Air, Qatar Airways, Saudi Arabian Airlines, SilkAir, Singapore Airlines, SpiceJet, SpiceJet, Sri Lankan Airlines, Thai AirAsia, Thai Airways International, and Tiger Airways.Mumbai International AirportThe Mumbai International Airport has been renamed as the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. It was previously known as the Sahar International Airport. The air transportation hub functions as the main international airport in the city of Mumbai. By tourist movement, the airport holds the rank of the second busiest airport in Southern Asia. There are four terminals at the airport. One terminal is at Sahar which handles overseas flights and one at Santa Cruz which handles domestic flights. In addition, there is a general aviation terminal and cargo terminal. Mumbai International Airport serves as the hub for the following airlines: Blue Dart Aviation, Air India, GoAir, Deccan360, Jet Airways, IndiGo, Kingfisher Airlines, JetLite, and SpiceJet. In terms of infrastructure, the airport is rated as the best airport in India.Airlines that serve Mumbai International Airport Given below are the names of the Airlines that serve Mumbai International Airport: Air China, Air Arabia, Air India, Air France, Air Mauritius, Air India Express, Austrian Airlines, All Nippon Airways, run by Air Nippon, Bangkok Airways, Bahrain Air, Cathay Pacific, British Airways, Druk Air, Delta Air Lines, El Al, EgyptAir, Ethiopian Airlines, Emirates, GoAir, Etihad Airways, IndiGo, Gulf Air, Jagson Airlines, Iran Air, JetLite, Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, Kenya Airways, Kuwait Airways, Korean Air, Malaysia Airlines, Lufthansa, Pakistan International Airlines, Oman Air, Qatar Airways, Qantas, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Royal Jordanian, South African Airways, Singapore Airlines, SriLankan Airlines, SpiceJet, Thai Airways International, Swiss International Air Lines, United Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Yemenia.

Kolkata International AirportThe Kolkata International Airport has been renamed as Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport. The airport is situated in Kolkata, the capital of the state of West Bengal. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport serves the metropolitan region of Greater Kolkata. Formerly it was known as Dum Dum Airport. The airport serves as the hub for the following airlines: Air India Regional, Air India, Deccan Aviation, Blue Dart Aviation, IndiGo, DTDS, JetLite, Jet Airways, Northeast Shuttles, Kingfisher Airlines, and SpiceJet.

Airlines serving Kolkata International Airport Given below are the names of the airlines that serve the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport: Air India, Air India Express, AirAsia, Air India Regional, China Eastern Airlines, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines, Druk Air, Emirates, IndiGo, GoAir, Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, JetLite, Qatar Airways, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, Silk Air, Thai Air Asia, SpiceJet, Thai Smile, Thai Airways International, and United Airways.

Source of Income of International AirportIndira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport has been named the world's second best airport in the 25-40 million passengers category by the Airport Council International. The best airport in this category is the Seoul Incheon in South Korea. The airport also has been adjudged as the fourth best in the world among 199 airports across all categories. A nine-member team, comprising representatives from airport operator Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), Central Industrial Security Force, Airport Operations Control and Air India received the 'ACI ASQ Award' at an award ceremony organized by the Airport Council International (ACI) in Istanbul, Turkey on Thursday."This recognition is testimony to the efforts of all our employees and partners who have consistently met the expectations of the industry," DIAL CEO I Prabhakar Rao said. IGI airport scored 4.83 out of 5 on the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) scale. IGI has managed to retain its position of second best airport in the 25-40 million passengers per annum category for 2012 year.The airport had an ASQ score of 3.02 in 2007 and ranked last among the 101 participating airports of the world. The airport has an annual capacity of over 60 million passengers, but in 2012, around 34.2 million passengers passed through it. IGI handled around 550,000 tonnes of cargo and over 300,000 aircraft movements during the same period.Since its inception in 2006, the ASQ Awards have become the world's leading airport passenger satisfaction benchmark with over 275 airports participating in it.

The ASQ Awards recognize and reward the best airports in the world based on ACI's ASQ passenger satisfaction survey done on uniform format worldwide and represent an opportunity to celebrate the commitment of airports worldwide to continually improve passenger experience.In recent years airports have played a critical role in keeping air traffic affordable and stabilizing operating costs for airlines. Or, as it was the case after 11 September, 2001 and SARS, have shown high flexibility in dealing with their airlines customers to relieve some of the financial pressure they came under.Airports charge their airline customers for the facilities they use, following the UNs International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) accepted standards. The landing and airport charges reported by the air carriers to ICAO include all charges and fees related to air transport operations that are levied against the air carrier for services provided at the airport.These include: Landing charges; Passenger and cargo fees; Security, parking and hangar charges; andRelated traffic operation charges (excluding fuel and oil throughput charges)They exclude those airport passenger-related charges paid by the passengers, and which may be collected by the air carriers at the point of sale, as these are not included in the profit and loss statement of the air carriers concerned.Cost containment is challenging for airport operators as a result of their expensive asset base which must be maintained and even enhanced over time to adapt to a changing customer base. Indeed, depreciation and amortization of airport assets account for up to 30% of expenses on the profit and loss statement.At the same time, airports are being required to pay extensive costs for enhanced security and the introduction of new technology.IGI airports offer a wide range of airport services to support efficient handling of passengers and airlines, on both arrival and departure. For these services IGI charge the airlines and the ground handling agents, predominantly cost-based charges, in accordance with applicable EU-, national legisla- tion and ICAO- policies. The most important legal acts and implementing regulations are listed in the appendix, for informational purposes only. Please note that the legislation is subject to continuous amendment.This document is a general description of IGI airport charges for informational purposes. Level of services may vary between airports and are subject to change. For information regarding prices and cal- collations of charges, see Airport Charges for IGI AB.

Aircraft Related Charges

Aeronautical ServicesAeronautical Services means the provision of the following facilities and services: The Authority had also proposed that the New ATC Tower would not be used by DIAL for provision of any aeronautical service that need to be considered under the present multi-year tariff determination and though its cost of Rs.350 crore had been considered as part of the total project cost for the purposes of DF levy, the same was proposed to be excluded from the capital expenditure/RAB estimates for the purpose of determination of tariffs for aeronautical services provided by DIAL.(Para 81 to 84 of the Consultation Paper).

1. Provision of flight operation assistance and crew support systems;2. Ensuring the safe and secure operation of the Airport, excluding national security interest;3. The movement and parking of aircraft and control facilities;4. General maintenance and upkeep of the Airport;5. The maintenance facilities and the control of them and hangar age of aircraft;6. Flight information display screens;7. Rescue and fire fighting services;8. Management and administration of personnel employed at the Airport;9. The movement of staff and passengers and their inter-change between all modes of transport at the Airport;10. Operation and maintenance of passenger boarding and disembarking systems, including vehicles to perform remote boarding; and11. any other services deemed to be necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the Airport.A more detailed list of the above facilities and services would include the following:12. Aerodrome control services13. Airfield14. Airfield lighting15. Air Taxi Services16. Airside and landside access roads and forecourts including writing, traffic signals, signage and monitoring17. Common hydrant infrastructure for aircraft fuelling services by authorized providers18. Apron and aircraft parking area19. Apron control and allocation of aircraft stands20. Arrivals concourses and meeting areas21. Baggage systems including outbound and reclaim22. Bird scaring23. Check-in concourses24. Cleaning, heating, lighting and air conditioning public areas25. Customs and immigration halls26. Emergency services27. Facilities for the disabled and other special needs people28. Fire service29. Flight information and public-address systems30. Foul and surface water drainage31. Guidance systems and marshalling32. Information desks33. Inter-terminal transit systems34. Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors35. Loading bridges36. Lost property 37. Passenger and hand baggage search38. Piers and gate rooms39. Policing and general security40. Prayer Rooms41. Infrastructure/ Facilities for Post Offices42. Infrastructure/ Facilities for Public telephones43. Infrastructure/ Facilities for Banks44. Infrastructure/ Facilities for Bureaux de Change45. Runways46. Signage47. Staff search48. Taxiways49. Toilets and nursing mothers rooms50. Waste and refuse treatment and disposal51. X-Ray service for carry on and checked-in luggage52. VIP / special lounges

NON-AERONAUTICAL SERVICESNon-Aeronautical Services shall mean the following facilities and services (includingPart I and Part II):Part I1. Aircraft cleaning services2. Airline Lounges3. Cargo handling4. Cargo terminals5. General aviation services (other than those used for commercial air transport services ferrying passengers or cargo or a combination of both)6. Ground handling services7. Hangars8. Heavy maintenance services for aircrafts9. Observation terracePart II10. Banks / ATM*11. Bureaux de Change*12. Business Centre*13. Conference Centre*14. Duty free sales15. Flight catering services16. Freight consolidators/forwarders or agents17. General retail shops*18. Hotels and Motels19. Hotel reservation services20. Line maintenance services21. Locker rental22. Logistic Centers*23. Messenger services24. Porter service25. Restaurants, bars and other refreshment facilities26. Special Assistance Services27. Tourist information services28. Travel agency29. Vehicle fuelling services30. Vehicle rental31. Vehicle parking32. Vending machines33. Warehouses*34. Welcoming services35. Other activities related to passenger services at the Airport, if the same is a Non- Aeronautical Asset.

General ParkingGeneral Parkingis situated about 100 meters from the terminal.Premium Parkingis opposite the Departure terminal (T1D)General Parking (only for Four Wheelers)TimeGeneral Parking (only for Four Wheelers)

Upto 30 minsRs 80

30min-2hr.Rs 160

Each subsequent hour upto 8 hrs.Rs 80

24 hrs.Rs 1050

Bus ParkingTimeBus Parking

Upto 30 minsRs 150

30min-2hr.Rs 350

Each subsequent hour upto 8 hrs.Rs 180

24 hrs.Rs 1750

2-Wheeler Parking/Auto ParkingTime2-Wheeler Parking/Auto Parking

Upto 30 minsRs 20

30min-2hr.Rs 20

Each subsequent hour upto 8 hrs.Rs 10

24 hrs.Rs 240

PASSENGER SERVICE FEE

1.Rs. 200/- per embarking passenger at international/Domestic airports including Civil Enclaves.2.$ 5/- (US$ Five only) per passenger in respect of the tickets issue against Dollar Tariff.Note: For conversion of US$ into INR the rate as on the 1st day of the month for 1st fortnightly billing period and rate as on 16th of the month for the 2nd fortnightly billing period shall be adopted.PS: The rates given above are merely indicative and are subject to change without prior notice. Please contact the respective airports/authorities for the current rates.

Cargo HandlingDelhi airport's cargo handling capacity is set to witness a major jump by 2012-end with the total overhauling of its existing infrastructure. Celebes Holding, the Turkey-based company that enjoys monopoly rights of cargo handling in Delhi at present, is working to completely modernize facilities with addition of automated systems, efficient equipment and systematic storage.

The company, which also provides ground handling services to some airlines in both Delhi and Mumbai, has bid for the same at Kochi and Ahmedabad airports . Announcing its intention to invest an additional around $100 million in India, Celebi Holding chairman Can Celebioglu said: "The company has already invested about $140 million in Delhi and Mumbai till the end of 2010. We have been in talks with several airlines for ground handling and will add Thai Airways to our list of customers this year. India has tremendous potential for growth in the aviation sector and while we are handling mostly international flights right now, we would also like to work for the domestic sector."

The company is providing ground handling services for Kingfisher Airline's domestic operations in Mumbai, and for some Jet Airway's and Air India's international flights in Delhi. Celebi also services Turkish Airlines, Lufthansa and Air France flights in Delhi and Mumbai. It is handling 32,000 flights out of the two cities at present, excluding the few AI flights from Delhi.

Aircraft RefuelingThe procedure allows the receiving aircraft to remain airborne longer, extending its range or loiter time on station. A series of air refueling can give range limited only by crew fatigue and engineering factors such as engine oil consumption. Because the receiver aircraft can be topped up with extra fuel in the air, air refueling can allow atakeoffwith a greaterpayloadwhich could be weapons, cargo, or personnel: the maximum take-off weight is maintained by carrying less fuel and topping up once airborne. Alternatively, a shorter take-off roll can be achieved because take-off can be at a lighter weight before refueling once airborne. Aerial refueling has also been considered as a means to reduce fuel consumption on long distance flights greater than 3,000 nautical miles (5,600km; 3,500mi). Potential fuel savings in the range of 35-40% have been estimated for long haul flights (including the fuel used during the tanker missions).The two main refueling systems are probe-and-drogue, which is simpler to adapt to existing aircraft, and the flying boom, which offers faster fuel transfer, but requires a dedicated operator station.Aircraft MaintenanceAircraft maintenanceis the overhaul, repair, inspection or modification of anaircraftoraircraft component. In Canada, maintenance includes the installation or removal of a component from an aircraft or aircraft subassembly, but does not include: Elementary work, such as removing and replacing tires, inspection plates, spark plugs, checking cylinder compression etc., on small privately operated aircraft; or removal and replacement of fuses, light bulbs etc., on transport category aircraft . Servicing, such as refueling, washing windows. Any work done on an aircraft or aircraft component as part of themanufacturingprocess, prior to issue of acertificate of airworthinessor other certification document. Last quarter saw the three major Indian airports Mumbai, Delhi and Hyderabad increase their revenues from commercial rentals. The share of non-aeronautical earnings in airports total revenue is swelling as crashing air traffic movements (ATMs) crimps their aeronautical revenue and income generation from non-airline business goes up. Aeronautical charges are directly related to airport infrastructure and levied for the use of an airports runway, apron and terminal facilities by passengers, while non-aeronautical income is earned through rentals from commercial outlets or concessionaires within airport terminals and from passengers. Last quarter saw the three major Indian airports Mumbai, Delhi and Hyderabad increase their revenues from commercial rentals, advertising on their premises, parking fee and other such services. This pushed up the percentage of Mumbai International Airport Ltds (MIAL) and Delhi International Airport Ltds (DIAL) non-aeronautical revenue by 10 percentage points to 39% and 65% in the June quarter this year from 29% and 55% respectively last year.

Hyderabad airport, which began operation in March last year, has also seen its non-aeronautical revenues jump to 44% of its total revenues in the same quarter. It was negligible a year back.

Kapil Kaul, chief executive officer (CEO) of Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation-India and Middle East, said the recent spurt in non-aeronautical earnings was mainly because such a revenue stream has now been inbuilt in the business model of new and modernized airports. Earlier, duty-free and domestic retailing, food and beverages and such services did not exist at airports. Today, airports are leveraging these avenues of revenues. It will go up further in coming times to reach the international benchmark of over 70%, he said. Higher non-aeronautical revenue helps airports reduce dependence on income from airport charges, which can fluctuate with the swings in the ATMs. It also cross subsidizes airport charges, making them competitive for airlines.

Over the last one year, airports have been witnessing drops in the ATMs, with airlines cutting back capacity to tune it air passenger traffic growth. According to the latest data put out by Airports Authority of India (AAI), total ATMs in May were down 4.6% year-on-year, while passenger traffic slipped 3.2%.

This is forcing airports to aggressively look at non-aeronautical revenues. For MIAL, the major contributor to this segment of income was vehicle parking, followed by duty-free retailing.

In the duty-free retailing, we saw brisk sale of tobacco and liquor products. We also earned from selling advertisement rights at our premises, said a senior MIAL official, who did not want to be named.

The Mumbai airport currently has 38 counters at the domestic and international terminals, including airline lounges, duty-free retail outlets and food counters. An analyst said with retailing at airports picking up, rentals for commercial space were slowing climbing up and this was further boosting non-aeronautical revenues. Airports are renegotiating rentals upwards when contracts are coming up for renewals, he said.There could be several reasons for poor workmanship including poor supervision or insufficient funds. Which brings us to the question we are posing here: Is AAI badly off? Or, should it be running airports at all or would it be better off just administering airports for a fat fee?Both Mumbai and Delhi airports were privatized a few years ago. But its not a complete privatization AAI has a 45% claim to the revenues of each of the airport companies, Mumbai International Airport Ltd (MIAL) and Delhi International Airport Ltd (DIAL). In the last 5 years, the AAI has earned Rs 4,749 crore thanks to its share of revenue.More specifically, since 2007, almost 20% of its current annual revenue comes from its stakes in Delhi and Mumbai Airport. And a small amount from Bangalore and Hyderabad airports where it has a 13% stake.

Airports operated as autonomous entities, under public or private ownership, are normally required to provide the following financial statements: a) income statement (revenue and expense statement); b) balance sheet; and cash flow statement. In order to produce the financial statements, a system must be developed for identifying various types of financial outlay and receipts. This involves establishing individual accounts, each showing a specific type of revenue, expense, asset or liability and cash flow. While the income statement, as indicated in paragraph 3.14, shows the revenues and expenses of the airport over a specific time period, the balance sheet is a snapshot of the financial health of the airport on a specific date, showing the value of assets and liabilities in relation to the net value or equity (including retained earnings). The number of accounts established for a specific airport accounting system will depend on the degree of detail sought, i.e. the more elaborate the system, the greater will be the subdivision of accounts established.Accounts recording revenues and expenses can be maintained on an accrual accounting basis or a cash accounting basis. Under accrual accounting, revenues are credited to the period (usually the financial year) in which they are earned and expenses charged to the period when they are incurred. Alternatively, under cash accounting, revenues are credited to the period when they are received and expenses recorded when paid. Accrual accounting systems reflect the financial position of the entity concerned better and are based on standard accounting practices.In many cases, the financial statements of the airport may include operations that do not relate to the airport in question. For instance, the airport entity may operate several airports, air navigation services or even a local port. In other cases, some airport operations may be carried out by other entities and reflected in their financial statements. For instance, a department of public works may construct and provide capital assets to the airport, or the national telecommunications department may provide services to the airport without charge. In cases where the financial statements of the entity operating the airport do not reflect the operations of the airport in totality, some additions to and subtractions from the airports financial statements will be required to ensure that a true and fair financial picture of the airport is provided. It is generally good practice to do this following the accounting conventions incorporated in the financial statements.For various purposes (e.g. to obtain financing or to recover costs), it could be necessary to convert the financial statements into a format familiar to a lending institution or an international airline. International accounting principles, such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), or International Accounting Standards (IAS), or any other similar recognized standard would be acceptable.In business, revenue or turnover is income that a company receives from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers. In many countries and states, revenue is referred to as turnover. Some companies receive revenue from interest, royalties, or other fees. Revenue may refer to business income in general, or it may refer to the amount, in a monetary unit, received during a period of time, as in "Last year, Company X had revenue of $42 million." Profits or net income generally imply total revenue minus total expenses in a given period. In accounting, revenue is often referred to as the "top line" due to its position on the income statement at the very top. This is to be contrasted with the "bottom line" which denotes net income.

The identification and subsequent recording of items is usually more easily accomplished for revenues than for expenses. This is chiefly because revenue sources tend to be fewer in number than expense items, and because each revenue item, with few exceptions, is often easily identifiable with only one type of source, whereas one expense item can frequently be identified with several major expense categories. The information required in an accounting system for airports can vary considerably in detail and layout. The precise level of detail will depend on management requirements at the particular airport concerned. However, there is a basic itemization of revenues and expenses that may be considered a minimum, which is described below.REVENUESRevenue items that may be considered essential to meet the basic data needs of an airport management are outlined below as they might appear in a statement of revenues and expenses (the items shown are not intended to present an exhaustive list of the different sources of revenue).Air traffic control (ATC)Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots. In some countries, ATC plays a security or defensive role, or is operated by the military.To prevent collisions, ATC enforces traffic separation rules, which ensure each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of empty space around it at all times. Many aircraft also have collision avoidance systems, which provide additional safety by warning pilots when other aircraft get too close.In many countries, ATC provides services to all private, military, and commercial aircraft operating within its airspace. Depending on the type of flight and the class of airspace, ATC may issue instructions that pilots are required to obey, or advisories (known as flight information in some countries) that pilots may, at their discretion, disregard. Generally the pilot in command is the final authority for the safe operation of the aircraft and may, in an emergency, deviate from ATC instructions to the extent required to maintain safe operation of their aircraft.A hangar is a closed structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft in protective storage. Most hangars are built of metal, but other materials such as wood and concrete are also used. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *haimgard ("home-enclosure", "fence around a group of houses"), from *haim ("home, village, hamlet") + gard ("yard").Hangars are used for: protection from the weather, protection from direct sunlight, maintenance, repair, manufacture, assembly and storage of aircraft on airfields, aircraft carriers and ships.An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow them to board and disembark from aircraft.Within the terminal, passengers purchase tickets, transfer their luggage, and go through security. The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically called concourses. However, the terms "terminal" and "concourse" are sometimes used interchangeably, depending on the configuration of the airport.Smaller airports have one terminal while larger airports have several terminals and/or concourses. At small airports, the single terminal building typically serves all of the functions of a terminal and a concourse.Some larger airports have one terminal that is connected to multiple concourses via walkways, sky-bridges, or underground tunnels (such as Denver International Airport). Some larger airports have more than one terminal, each with one or more concourses (such as New York's JFK Airport). Still other larger airports have multiple terminals each of which incorporate the functions of a concourse (such as Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport).According to Frommers, most airport terminals are built in a plain style, with the 'concrete boxes of the 1960s and '70s generally gave way to glass boxes in the '90s and '00s, with the best terminals making a vague stab at incorporating ideas of "light" and "air"'. However, some, such as Baghdad International Airport, are monumental in stature, while others are considered architectural masterpieces, such as Terminal 1 at Charles de Gaulle airport near Paris or Terminal 5 at New York's JFK Airport. A few are designed to reflect the culture of a particular area, some examples being the terminal at Albuquerque International Support in New Mexico, which is designed in the Pueblo Revival style popularized by architect John Gaw Meem, as well as the terminal at Bahas de Huatulco International Airport in Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, which features some palatals that are interconnected to form the airport terminal.Eight Feature of Air traffic control1) Airport ControlThe primary method of controlling the immediate airport environment is visual observation from the airport control tower (TWR). The tower is a tall, windowed structure located on the airport grounds.Air traffic controllersare responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and aircraft in the air near the airport, generally 5 to 10nautical miles(9 to 18km) depending on the airport procedures.Surveillance displays are also available to controllers at larger airports to assist with controlling air traffic. Controllers may use a radar system calledsecondary surveillance radarfor airborne traffic approaching and departing. These displays include a map of the area, the position of various aircraft, and data tags that include aircraft identification, speed, altitude, and other information described in local procedures. In adverse weather conditions the tower controllers may also use surface movement radar (SMR), surface movement guidance and control systems (SMGCS) or advanced SMGCS to control traffic on the maneuvering area (taxiways and runway).The areas of responsibility for TWR controllers fall into three general operational disciplines; Local Control or Air Control, Ground Control, and Flight Data/Clearance Deliveryother categories, such asApronControl or Ground Movement Planner, may exist at extremely busy airports. While each TWR may have unique airport-specific procedures, such as multiple teams of controllers ('crews') at major or complex airports with multiple runways, the following provides a general concept of the delegation of responsibilities within the TWR environment.Remote and Virtual Tower(RVT) is a system based on Air Traffic Controllers being located somewhere other than at the local airport tower and still able to provide Air Traffic Control services. Displays for the Air Traffic Controllers may be either optical live video and/or synthetic images based on surveillance sensor data.

2) Ground ControlGround Control (sometimes known as Ground Movement Control) is responsible for the airport "movement" areas, as well as areas not released to the airlines or other users. This generally includes all taxiways, inactive runways, holding areas, and some transitional aprons or intersections where aircraft arrive, having vacated the runway or departure gate. Exact areas and control responsibilities are clearly defined in local documents and agreements at each airport. Any aircraft, vehicle, or person walking or working in these areas is required to have clearance from Ground Control. This is normally done via VHF/UHF radio, but there may be special cases where other procedures are used. Aircraft or vehicles without radios must respond to ATC instructions viaaviation light signalsor else be led by vehicles with radios. People working on the airport surface normally have a communications link through which they can communicate with Ground Control, commonly either by handheld radio or evencell phone. Ground Control is vital to the smooth operation of the airport, because this position impacts the sequencing of departure aircraft, affecting the safety and efficiency of the airport's operation.3) Local Control or Air controlLocal Control (known to pilots as "Tower" or "Tower Control") is responsible for the active runway surfaces. Local Control clears aircraft for takeoff or landing, ensuring that prescribed runway separation will exist at all times. If Local Control detects any unsafe condition, a landing aircraft may be told to "go-around" and be re-sequenced into the landing pattern by the approach or terminal area controller.Within the TWR, a highly disciplined communications process between Local Control and Ground Control is an absolute necessity. Ground Control must request and gain approval from Local Control to cross any active runway with any aircraft or vehicle. Likewise, Local Control must ensure that Ground Control is aware of any operations that will impact the taxiways, and work with the approach radar controllers to create "holes" or "gaps" in the arrival traffic to allow taxiing traffic to cross runways and to allow departing aircraft to take off.Crew Resource Management(CRM) procedures are often used to ensure this communication process is efficient and clear, although this is not as prevalent as CRM forpilots.

4) Flight Data and clearance DeliveryClearance Delivery is the position that issues route clearances to aircraft, typically before they commence taxiing. These contain details of the route that the aircraft is expected to fly after departure. Clearance Delivery or, at busy airports, the Traffic Management Coordinator (TMC) will, if necessary, coordinate with the en route center and national command center or flow control to obtain releases for aircraft. Often, however, such releases are given automatically or are controlled by local agreements allowing "free-flow" departures. When weather or extremely high demand for a certain airport or airspace becomes a factor, there may be ground "stops" (or "slot delays") or re-routes may be necessary to ensure the system does not get overloaded. The primary responsibility of Clearance Delivery is to ensure that the aircraft have the proper route and slot time. This information is also coordinated with the en route center and Ground Control in order to ensure that the aircraft reaches the runway in time to meet the slot time provided by the command center. At some airports, Clearance Delivery also plans aircraft push-backs and engine starts, in which case it is known as the Ground Movement Planner (GMP): this position is particularly important at heavily congested airports to prevent taxiway and apron gridlock.5) Approach and terminal controlTerminal controllers are responsible for providing all ATC services within their airspace. Traffic flow is broadly divided into departures, arrivals, and over flights. As aircraft move in and out of the terminal airspace, they are handed off to the next appropriate control facility (a control tower, an en-route control facility, or a bordering terminal or approach control). Terminal control is responsible for ensuring that aircraft are at an appropriate altitude when they are handed off, and that aircraft arrive at a suitable rate for landing.6) General CharacteristicsEn-route air traffic controllers work in facilities called Air Traffic Control Centers, each of which is commonly referred to as a "Center". The United States uses the equivalent term Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). Each center is responsible for many thousands of square miles of airspace (known as aFlight Information Region) and for the airports within that airspace. Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart from an airport or terminal area's airspace to the time they arrive at another airport or terminal area's airspace. Centers may also "pick up" VFR aircraft that are already airborne and integrate them into the IFR system. These aircraft must, however, remain VFR until the Center provides a clearance.Center controllers are responsible for climbing the aircraft to their requested altitude while, at the same time, ensuring that the aircraft is properly separated from all other aircraft in the immediate area. Additionally, the aircraft must be placed in a flow consistent with the aircraft's route of flight. This effort is complicated by crossing traffic, severe weather, special missions that require large airspace allocations, and traffic density. When the aircraft approaches its destination, the center is responsible for meeting altitude restrictions by specific points, as well as providing many destination airports with a traffic flow, which prohibits all of the arrivals being "bunched together". These "flow restrictions" often begin in the middle of the route, as controllers will position aircraft landing in the same destination so that when the aircraft are close to their destination they are sequenced.As an aircraft reaches the boundary of a Center's control