air compressed engine

8/18/2019 Air Compressed Engine

1/19

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A

PROJECT REPORT ON

COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE

In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Award Of Deree

Of

!AC"E#OR OF TEC"NO#OG$

In

MEC"ANICA# ENGINEERING

Under The Supervision Of

Mr% AS"&ANI '(MAR

By

VAIBHAV SEMWAL

YASHWANT SINGH BHAURYAL

UMESH RANA

TOVENRA SINGH RANA

Su!"i##ed To$

DEPARTMENT OF MEC"ANICA# ENGINEERING

GRAP"IC ERA (NI)ERSIT$

DE"RAD(N*+,-..+

!ATC"/ +..-*0+

1

http://www.final-yearproject.com/http://www.finalyearthesis.com/http://www.finalyearthesis.com/http://www.final-yearproject.com/


2/19


CERTIFICATE

This is #o %er#ify #h Repor# en#i#'ed 1COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE2 is

Su3mitted !4 Roll No% Enrollment No%

VAIBHAV SEMWAL () GE*)+,)),-.

YASHWANT SINGH BHAURYAL /) GE*)+,)),+.

UMESH RANA .0 GE*)+,)),-1

TOVENRA SINGH RANA .- GE*)+,)),-2

In p&r#i&' fu'fi''"en# of #he re3uire"en# for #he &4&rd of de5ree in B6 Te%h in Me%h&ni%&'

En5ineerin5 #o Gr&phi% Er& Universi#y7 ehr&dun 8U##&r&9h&nd: is & re%ord of %&ndide;s o4n

4or9 %&rried ou# !y hi" under "y supervision6 The "#er e"!odied in #his repor# is ori5in&' &nd

h&s no# !een su!"i##ed e&r'ier for #he &4&rd of &ny o#her de5ree6

Date/ 8Mr6 Ash4&ni


3/19


AC'NOEDGEMENT

=Every d&y I re"ind "yse'f #h "y inner &nd ou#er 'ife depends on #he '&!or of o#her "&n>* A'!er# Eins#ein6

A%9no4'ed5"en# is no# & "ere o!'i5ion !u# &n epi#o"e of hu"i'i#y &nd

inde!#ness #o &'' #hose 4ho he'ped in #he %o"pi'ion of #his pro?e%# &nd 4i#hou#

4ho" our pro?e%# 4ou'd h&ve !een &ny#hin5 !u# presen#&!'e6

@irs# of &'' 4e &re #h&n9fu' #o Mr% AMIR S"EI'"7 "%O%D 8ME% de9tt: for

his #e%hni%&' suppor# &nd i""ense po'' of 9no4'ed5e7 4hi%h she so 5r&%ious'y

p'&%ed our dispos&'6

We &re &'so #h&n9fu' #o Mr% 'AMA# G"ANS"A#A 8The residen#7 of GEU7

ehr&dun: for providin5 us #he re3uired infr&s#ru%#ure #o %&rry our pro?e%# 4or96

Mr% AS"&ANI '(MAR 8Pro5e6t Guide: %o""&nds our spe%i&' 5ri#ude7 his

persis#en# he'p &nd eper#ise in pro?e%# 4or9s h&s !een of i""e&sur&!'e he'p6

L&s#'y !u# "os# i"por#&n#7 4e 4ou'd 'i9e #o p&y our u#"os# re5&rds #o our

!e'oved p&ren#s &nd f&%u'#y "e"!ers for #heir !'essin5 4i#hou# 4hi%h su%%ess is &

"ir&5e6

To %on%'ude 4e 4ou'd 'i9e #o 3uo#e #he fo''o4in5 4ords !y Si5"und feud*

=on;# "i e%e''en%e 4i#h perfe%#ion6 E%e''en%e7 I %&n re&%h for7 perfe%#ion is

5od;s !usiness>

3



4/19


DEC#ARATION

This is #o %er#ify #h Repor# en#i#'ed 1 COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE2 is su!"i##ed !y us7 in

p&r#i&' fu'fi''"en# of #he re3uire"en# for #he &4&rd of B6Te%h6 de5ree in Me%h&ni%&'

En5ineerin57 #o Gr&phi% Er& Universi#y7 ehr&dun 8U##&r&9h&nd: %o"prises our ori5in&' 4or9

&nd due &%9no4'ed5e"en# h&s !een "&de in #he #e# #o &'' o#her "eri&'s used6

Date/ Student; Sinature

VAIBHAV SEMWAL

YASHWANT SINGH BHAURYAL

UMESH RANA

TOVENRA SINGH RANA

A99ro


5/19


Content;

Cha9ter 9ae;

0% Introdu6tion -*0=

2626 Co"pressed Air En5ine B&si%s 0

26,6 His#ory 0

2616 App'i%ions 22

26.6 Adv&n#&5es 22

26(6 is&dv&n#&5es 2,

,6 #iterature Re


6/19


,% Con6lu;ion =?*=@

.626 Adv&n#&5es 1+

.6,6 is&dv&n#&5es 1+

% !i3liora9h4 ,.

6



7/19


A!STRACT

r&%#i%&' 9no4'ed5e is of 5re i"por#&n%e 7 espe%i&''y if #he fie'd is %on%erned 4i#h s%ien%e &nd

#e%hno'o5y6 ro?e%# 4or9 under#&9en in &ddi#ion #o #heore#i%&' s#udy 5re'y f&%i'i#es #he

unders#&ndin5 of #heory i#se'f6

Under #his pro?e%# 4e h&ve deve'oped & 1COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE >6

This repor# %on#&ins #he des%rip#ion of our pro?e%# 4or96 urin5 #he period of one ye&r 4e h&ve

5o# #he %h&n%e #o s#udy of en5ine p&r#s very deep'y6 We h&ve &'so 'e&rned #he "e#hod of

deve'opin5 %&"sh&f# &nd #he v&'ve #i"in5 #e%hni3ues6 We %onsider ourse'ves &s 'u%9y enou5h #o

h&ve !een 4or9in5 4i#h su%h r&re &nd epensive se#ups &nd e3uip"en#s &nd #o under #he

5uid&n%e of our pro?e%# "en#or 4ho h&ve 5uided us every s#ep of our 4or96

7



8/19


Cha9ter 0% Introdu6tion

2626 Co"pressed Air En5ine B&si%s

26,6 His#ory2616 App'i%ions

26.6 Adv&n#&5es

26(6 is&dv&n#&5es

8



9/19


0%0% Com9re;;ed Air Enine !a;i6;/A Co"pressed*&ir en5ine is & pneu"i% &%#uor #h %rees usefu' 4or9 !y %o"pressed &ir6 A

%o"pressed*&ir vehi%'e is po4ered !y &n &ir en5ine7 usin5 %o"pressed &ir7 4hi%h is s#ored in &

#&n96 Ins#e&d of "iin5 fue' 4i#h &ir &nd !urnin5 i# in #he en5ine #o drive pis#ons 4i#h ho#

ep&ndin5 5&ses7 %o"pressed &ir vehi%'es 8CAV: use #he ep&nsion of %o"pressed &ir #o drive#heir pis#ons6

They h&ve eis#ed in "&ny for"s over #he p&s# #4o %en#uries7 r&n5in5 in siDe fro" h&nd he'd

#ur!ines up #o sever&' hundred horsepo4er6 @or e&"p'e7 #he firs# "e%h&ni%&''y*po4ered

su!"&rine7 #he 2+/1 'on5eur7 used & %o"pressed &ir en5ine6

The '&4s of physi%s di%#e #h un%on#&ined 5&ses 4i'' fi'' &ny 5iven sp&%e6 The e&sies# 4&y #o

see #his in &%#ion is #o inf'e & !&''oon6 The e'&s#i% s9in of #he !&''oon ho'ds #he &ir #i5h#'y inside7

!u# #he "o"en# you use & pin #o %ree & ho'e in #he !&''oons surf&%e7 #he &ir ep&nds ou#4&rd

4i#h so "u%h ener5y #h #he !&''oon ep'odes6 Co"pressin5 & 5&s in#o & s"&'' sp&%e is & 4&y #o

s#ore ener5y6 When #he 5&s ep&nds &5&in7 #h ener5y is re'e&sed #o do 4or96 Ths #he !&si%

prin%ip'e !ehind 4h "&9es &n &ir %&r 5o6So"e #ypes re'y on pis#ons &nd %y'inders7 o#hers use #ur!ines6 M&ny %o"pressed &ir en5ines

i"prove #heir perfor"&n%e !y hein5 #he in%o"in5 &ir7 or #he en5ine i#se'f6 So"e #oo9 #his &

s#&5e fur#her &nd !urned fue' in #he %y'inder or #ur!ine7 for"in5 & #ype of in#ern&' %o"!us#ion

en5ine6

One "&nuf&%#urer %'&i"s #o h&ve desi5ned &n en5ine #h is 0) per%en# effi%ien#6 Co"pressed &ir

propu'sion "&y &'so !e in%orpored in hy!rid sys#e"s7 e6567 !#ery e'e%#ri% propu'sion &nd fue'

#&n9s #o re%h&r5e #he !#eries6 This 9ind of sys#e" is %&''ed hy!rid*pneu"i% e'e%#ri%

propu'sion6 Addi#ion&''y7 re5enerive !r&9in5 %&n &'so !e used in %on?un%#ion 4i#h #his sys#e"6

0%+% "i;tor4/8&: The firs# %o"pressed*&ir vehi%'e 4&s devised !y Bo"p&s7 & pen# for & 'o%o"o#ive !ein5

#&9en ou# in En5'&nd in 2+,+6 There 4ere #4o s#or&5e #&n9s !e#4een #he fr&"es7 4i#h

%onven#ion&' %y'inders &nd %r&n9s6 I# is no# %'e&r if i# 4&s &%#u&''y !ui'#6 8


10/19


@i5$ 262

8%: In 2+.+ B&rin von Rh'en %ons#ru%#ed & vehi%'e 4hi%h 4&s repor#ed #o h&ve !een driven

fro" u#ney #o W&nds4or#h 8London: &n &ver&5e speed of 2) #o 2, "ph6

8d: A# #he end of 2+((7 & %ons#ru%#or %&''ed Fu'ienne r&n so"e sor# of vehi%'e S&in#*enis in

@r&n%e7 driven !y &ir ,( "ospheres 81() psi:7 for i# #o !e used in %o&' "ines6

8e: Co"pressed &ir 'o%o"o#ives 4ere use for h&u'&5e in 2+-. 4hi'e #he Si"p'on #unne' 4&s

!ein5 du56 An &dv&n#&5e 4&s #h #he %o'd eh&us# &ir &ided #he ven#i'ion of #he #unne'6

8f: Louis M9&rs9i !ui'# & s#&nd&rd 5&u5e se'f*%on#&ined #r&"%&r 4hi%h 4&s #es#ed in @e!ru&ry

2+-/ on #he Cour!evoie*E#oi'e Line of #he &ris Tr&"4&ys Nord 8TN:7 4here i# "u%h i"pressed

#he %urren# presiden# &nd "inis#er of #r&nspor# M&r%h&' de M&%M&hon6 The #r&"%&r 4&s &'so

sho4n #he ehi!i#ion of 2+-+ &s i# see"ed #o !e &n ide&' #r&nspor# "e#hod7 3uie#7 s"oo#h7

4i#hou# s"o9e7 fire or #he possi!i'i#y of !oi'er ep'osion6

85: The %o"pressed*&ir 'o%os 4ere soon 4i#hdr&4n due #o & nu"!er of &%%iden#s7 possi!'y

%&used !y i%in5 in #he pipes of #he !r&9es7 4hi%h 4ere &'so 4or9ed !y %o"pressed &ir6

8h: In Louis M9&rs9i !ui'# & s#&nd&rd 5&u5e se'f*%on#&ined #r&"%&r 4hi%h 4&s #es#ed in

@e!ru&ry 2+-/ on #he Cour!evoie*E#oi'e Line of #he &ris Tr&"4&ys Nord 8TN:7 4here i# "u%h

i"pressed #he %urren# presiden# &nd "inis#er of #r&nspor# M&r%h&' de M&%M&hon6 The #r&"%&r

4&s &'so

sho4n #he ehi!i#ion of 2+-+ &s i# see"ed #o !e &n ide&' #r&nspor# "e#hod7 3uie#7 s"oo#h7

4i#hou# s"o9e7 fire or #he possi!i'i#y of !oi'er ep'osion6

10



11/19


0%=% A99li6ation;/The %o"pressed &ir en5ine %&n !e used in "&ny vehi%'es6 So"e of i#s &pp'i%ions #o !e used &s

en5ine for vehi%'es &re$

8&: MopedsFe" S#&nsfie'd7 &n En5'ish inven#or h&s !een &!'e #o %onver# & re5u'&r s%oo#er #o & %o"pressed

&ir "oped6 This h&s !een done !y e3uippin5 #he s%oo#er 4i#h & %o"pressed &ir en5ine &nd &ir

#&n96

8!: Buses

MI "&9es Mu'#iCATs vehi%'e #h %&n !e used &s !uses or #ru%9s6 RAT h&s &'so &'re&dy

epressed &n in#eres# in #he %o"pressed*&ir po''u#ion*free !us6

8%: Lo%o"o#ives

Co"pressed &ir 'o%o"o#ives h&ve !een his#ori%&''y used &s "inin5 'o%o"o#ives &nd in v&rious&re&s6

8d: Tr&"s

V&rious %o"pressed*&ir*po4ered #r&"s 4ere #ri&'ed7 s#&r#in5 in 2+-/ &nd h&s !een su%%essfu''y

i"p'e"en#ed in so"e %&ses6

8e: Wer%r&f# &nd &ir%r&f#

Curren#'y7 no 4er or &ir vehi%'es eis# #h "&9e use of #he &ir en5ine6 His#ori%&''y %o"pressed

&ir en5ines prope''ed %er#&in #orpedoes6

0%,% Ad


12/19


8d: Air7 on i#s o4n7 is non*f'&""&!'e6

8e: Hi5h #or3ue for "ini"u" vo'u"e6

8f: The "e%h&ni%&' desi5n of #he en5ine is si"p'e &nd ro!us#6

85: Lo4 "&nuf&%#ure &nd "&in#en&n%e %os#s &s 4e'' &s e&sy "&in#en&n%e6

8h: Co"pressed*&ir #&n9s %&n !e disposed of or re%y%'ed 4i#h 'ess po''u#ion #h&n !#eries6

8i: Co"pressed*&ir vehi%'es &re un%ons#r&ined !y #he de5r&dion pro!'e"s &sso%ied 4i#h

%urren# !#ery sys#e"s6

8?: The #&n9 "&y !e &!'e #o !e refi''ed "ore of#en &nd in 'ess #i"e #h&n !#eries %&n !e

re%h&r5ed7 4i#h re*fue''in5 res %o"p&r&!'e #o 'i3uid fue's6

89: Li5h#er vehi%'es 4ou'd "e&n 'ess &!use on ro&ds6 Resu'#in5 in 'on5er '&s#in5 ro&ds6

8': The pri%e of fue''in5 &ir*po4ered vehi%'es 4i'' !e si5nifi%&n#'y %he&per #h&n %urren# fue's6

0%% Di;ad


13/19


8%: T&n9s 5e# very ho# 4hen fi''ed r&pid'y6 SCUBA #&n9s &re so"e#i"es i""ersed in 4er #o

%oo' #he" do4n 4hen #hey &re !ein5 fi''ed6 Th 4ou'd no# !e possi!'e 4i#h #&n9s in & %&r &nd

#hus i# 4ou'd ei#her #&9e & 'on5 #i"e #o fi'' #he #&n9s7 or #hey 4ou'd h&ve #o #&9e 'ess #h&n & fu''

%h&r5e7 sin%e he drives up #he pressure6

8d: E&r'y #es#s h&ve de"ons#red #he 'i"i#ed s#or&5e %&p&%i#y of #he #&n9s #he on'y pu!'ished

#es# of & vehi%'e runnin5 on %o"pressed &ir &'one 4&s 'i"i#ed #o & r&n5e of -6,, 9"6

8e: A ,))( s#udy de"ons#red #h %&rs runnin5 on 'i#hiu"*ion !#eries ou#perfor" !o#h

%o"pressed &ir &nd fue' %e'' vehi%'es "ore #h&n #hree*fo'd s&"e speeds6 MI h&s re%en#'y

%'&i"ed #h &n &ir %&r 4i'' !e &!'e #o #r&ve' 2.)9" in ur!&n drivin57 &nd h&ve & r&n5e of +) 9"

4i#h & #op speed of 22)9"Jh on hi5h4&ys7 4hen operin5 on %o"pressed &ir &'one6

13



14/19


Cha9ter +/ #iterature Re


15/19


+% De;6ri9tion of Com9onent; of Com9re;;ed Air Enine/

V&rious Me%h&ni%&' p&r#s used in en5ine &re$

26 Cr&n9 sh&f#

,6 C&"sh&f#16 is#on %y'inder

.6 V&'ves

(6 Conne%#in5 rod

/6 Ro''er !e&rin5

-6 Ti"in5 5e&r

+6 NoDD'e

+%0% De;6ri9tion of Me6hani6al Part;/

+%0%0% CranB ;haft/

The 6ranB;haft7 so"e#i"es %&su&''y &!!revied #o %r&n97 is #he p&r# of &n en5ine 4hi%h

#r&ns'es re%ipro%in5 "o#ion in#o ro#&ry "o#ion or vi%e vers&6 Cr&n9 sh&f# %onsis#s of #he sh&f#

p&r#s 4hi%h revo've in #he "&in !e&rin57 #he %r&n9 pins #o 4hi%h #he !i5 ends of #he %onne%#in5

rod &re %onne%#ed7 #he %r&n9 4e!s or %hee9s 4hi%h %onne%# #he %r&n9 pins &nd #he sh&f# p&r#s6

@i5 ,62

Cr&n9 sh&f#s %&n !e divided in#o #4o #ypes$

26 Cr&n9 sh&f# 4i#h & side %r&n9 or overhun5 %r&n96

15



16/19


,6 Cr&n9 sh&f# 4i#h & %en#re %r&n96

A %r&n9 sh&f# %&n !e "&de 4i#h #4o side %r&n9s on e&%h end or 4i#h #4o or "ore %en#re %r&n9s6

A %r&n9 sh&f# 4i#h on'y one side %r&n9 is %&''ed & single throw crank shaft &nd #he one 4i#h #4o

side %r&n9s or #4o %en#re %r&n9s &s & multi throw crank shaft.

The overhun5 %r&n9 sh&f# is used for "ediu" siDe &nd '&r5e horiDon#&' en5ines6 I#s "&in

&dv&n#&5e is #h on'y #4o !e&rin5s &re needed7 in ei#her #he sin5'e %r&n9 or #4o %r&n97 %r&n9

sh&f#s6 Mis&'i5n"en# %&uses "os# %r&n9 sh&f# f&i'ures &nd #his d&n5er is 'ess in sh&f#s 4i#h #4o

!e&rin5s #h&n 4i#h #hree or "ore suppor#s6 Hen%e7 #he nu"!er of !e&rin5s is very i"por#&n#

f&%#or in desi5n6 To "&9e #he en5ine 'i5h#er &nd shor#er7 #he nu"!er of !e&rin5s in &u#o"o!i'es

shou'd !e redu%ed6

@or #he proper fun%#ionin57 #he %r&n9 sh&f# shou'd fu'fi'' #he fo''o4in5 %ondi#ions$

26 Enou5h s#ren5#h #o 4i#hs#&nd #he for%es #o 4hi%h i# is su!?e%#ed i6e6 #he !endin5 &nd #4is#in5

"o"en#s6

,6 Enou5h ri5idi#y #o 9eep #he dis#or#ion & "ini"u"6

16 S#iffness #o "ini"iDe6 And s#ren5#h #o resis#7 #he s#resses due #o #orsion&' vi!rions of #hesh&f#6

.6 Suffi%ien# "&ss proper'y dis#ri!u#ed #o see #h i# does no# vi!re %ri#i%&''y #he speeds

4hi%h i# is opered6

(6 Suffi%ien# pro?e%#ed &re&s of %r&n9 pins &nd ?ourn&'s #o 9eep do4n #he !e&rin5 pressure #o &

v&'ue dependen# on #he 'u!ri%ion &v&i'&!'e6

/6 Mini"u" 4ei5h#7 espe%i&''y in &ero en5ines6

The %r&n9 sh&f#s &re "&de "u%h he&vier &nd s#ron5er #h&n ne%ess&ry fro" #he s#ren5#h poin# of

vie4 so &s #o "ee# #he re3uire"en#s of ri5idi#y &nd vi!rions6 Therefore7 #he 4ei5h# %&nno# !e

redu%ed &ppre%i&!'y !y usin5 & "eri&' 4i#h & very hi5h s#ren5#h6 The "eri&' #o !e se'e%#ed4i'' &'4&ys depend upon #he "e#hod of "&nuf&%#ure i6e6 %&s#7 for5ed7 or !ui'# up6 Bui'# up %r&n9

sh&f#s &re so"e#i"es used in &ero en5ines 4here 'i5h# 4ei5h# is very i"por#&n#6

In indus#ri&' en5ines7 )61( %&r!on s#ee' of u'#i"e #ensi'e s#ren5#h ()) #o (,( M& &nd )6.(

%&r!on s#ee' of u'#i"e #ensi'e s#ren5#h of &!ou# /,- #o -+) M& &re %o""on'y used6 In

#r&nspor# en5ines7 &''oy s#ee' e656 "&n5&nese s#ee' h&vin5 u'#i"e s#ren5#h of &!ou# -+. #o 0.)

M& is 5ener&''y used6 In &ero en5ines7 ni%9e' %hro"iu" s#ee' h&vin5 u'#i"e #ensi'e s#ren5#h of

&!ou# 0.) #o 22)) M& is 5ener&''y used6

@&i'ure of %r&n9 sh&f# "&y o%%ur #he posi#ion of "&i"u" !endin5 #his "&y !e #he %en#re

of #he %r&n9 or ei#her end6 In su%h & %ondi#ion #he f&i'ure is due #o !endin5 &nd #he pressure in

#he %y'inder is "&i"&'6 Se%ond7 #he %r&n9 "&y f&i' due #o #4is#in57 so #he %onne%#in5 rod needs

#o !e %he%9ed for she&r #he posi#ion of "&i"&' #4is#in56 The pressure #his posi#ion is #he

"&i"&' pressure7 !u# on'y & fr&%#ion of "&i"&' pressure6

16



17/19


+%0%+% Cam;haft

A %&"sh&f# is & sh&f# #o 4hi%h & %&" is f&s#ened or of 4hi%h & %&" for"s &n in#e5r&' p&r#6

The re'ionship !e#4een #he ro#ion of #he %&"sh&f# &nd #he ro#ion of #he %r&n9sh&f# is of

%ri#i%&' i"por#&n%e6 Sin%e #he v&'ves %on#ro' #he f'o4 of #he &irJfue' "i#ure in#&9e &nd eh&us#

5&ses7 #hey "us# !e opened &nd %'osed #he &pproprie #i"e durin5 #he s#ro9e of #he pis#on6 @or

#his re&son7 #he %&"sh&f# is %onne%#ed #o #he %r&n9sh&f# ei#her dire%#'y7 vi& & 5e&r "e%h&nis"7 or

indire%#'y vi& & !e'# or %h&in %&''ed & #i"in5 !e'# or #i"in5 %h&in6

The %&"sh&f# no# on'y opens &nd %'oses your v&'ves #o 'e# &ir in &nd ou#7 !u# de#er"ines 4hen

&nd for ho4 'on5 #he v&'ves re"&in open6 Wi#h #his in "ind7 'e#;s #&'9 &!ou# 4h h&ppens &s #he

en5ine spins6 Wh fo''o4s ne# is & !&si% ep'&nion of four*%y%'e en5ine operion7 des%ri!ed

in re'ion #o #he four v&'ve even#s6 @or e&%h ro#ion of #he %&"7 4e h&ve four v&'ve even#s6 The

%r&n9sh&f# ro#es #4i%e for e&%h revo'u#ion of #he %&"sh&f#7 so four v&'ve even#s h&ppen for

every #4o revo'u#ion of #he en5ine in four s#ro9e en5ine6

Even# 2 * In#&9e v&'ves openin5The %&"sh&f# opens #he in#&9e v&'ve7 &nd #he pis#on "oves do4n #he %y'inder6 As #he pressure

drops in #he %y'inder7 #he &ir s#&r#s "ovin5 p&s# #he in#&9e v&'ve #o fi'' #he %y'inder6 This period of

#he en5ine %y%'e is 9no4n &s #he in#&9e s#ro9e6

Even# , * In#&9e v&'ves %'osin5

A# so"e poin#7 usu&''y &f#er #he pis#on re&%hes #he !o##o" of #he in#&9e s#ro9e7 #he in#&9e v&'ve

%'oses6 The pis#on "oves up #he %y'inder7 !e5innin5 #he %o"pression s#ro9e &nd %o"pressin5 #he

fue'J&ir "i#ure 4i#hin6 A# so"e poin#7 usu&''y !efore #he pis#on re&%hes #he #op of #he

%o"pression s#ro9e7 #he sp&r9 p'u5 i5ni#es #he "i#ure7 %&usin5 i# #o !urn &nd ep&nd r&pid'y6

The %r&n9sh&f# h&s ro#ed on%e #his poin#6

Even# 1 K Eh&us# v&'ves openin5

Af#er #he pis#on re&%hes #he #op of #he %o"pression s#ro9e7 pressure fro" #he !urnin57 ep&ndin5

"i#ure pushes #he pis#on !&%9 do4n #he %y'inder6 The eh&us# v&'ve s#&r#s #o open7 usu&''y

!efore #he pis#on is &'' #he 4&y do4n7 &''o4in5 so"e of #he !urn# 5&sses #o ei# #he %y'inder6 This

is %o""on'y referred #o &s #he !'o4 do4n ph&se6 The pis#on !e5ins #o "ove !&%9 up7 for%in5 #he

res# of #he ho# 5&s ou# of #he %y'inder6

Even# 1 K Eh&us# v&'ves %'osin5

As #he pis#on "oves !&%9 up #he %y'inder7 #he eh&us# v&'ve re"&ins open7 usu&''y un#i' s'i5h#'y

&f#er #he pis#on re&%hes #he #op of #he %y'inder6 We refer #o #his &s #he eh&us# s#ro9e6 As #he

pis#on re&%hes #he #op &5&in7 #he in#&9e v&'ve !e5ins #o open &5&in7 of#en !efore #he eh&us# v&'ve

is fu''y %'osed7 &nd #he 4ho'e %y%'e !e5ins &ne46 The period 4hen !o#h v&'ves &re open

si"u'#&neous'y is referred #o &s =over'&p6> The %r&n9sh&f# h&s no4 5one &round #4i%e6

17



18/19


Cam Nomen6lature

@i5 ,6, C&" no"en%'ure

Tra6e 9oint$ A #heore#i%&' poin# on #he fo''o4er7 %orrespondin5 #o #he poin# of & fi%#i#ious 9nife*

ed5e fo''o4er6 I# is used #o 5enere #he pi#%h %urve6 In #he %&se of & ro''er fo''o4er7 #he #r&%e

poin# is #he %en#er of #he ro''er6

Pit6h 6ur


19/19


StroBe or throw$ The 5rees# dis#&n%e or &n5'e #hrou5h 4hi%h #he fo''o4er "oves or ro#es6

Follower di;9la6ement$ The posi#ion of #he fo''o4er fro" & spe%ifi% Dero or res# posi#ion

8usu&''y i#s #he posi#ion 4hen #he fo''o4er %on#&%#s 4i#h #he !&se %ir%'e of #he %&": in re'ion #o

#i"e or #he ro#&ry &n5'e of #he %&"6

Pre;;ure anle$ The &n5'e &ny poin# !e#4een #he nor"&' #o #he pi#%h %urve &nd #he

ins#&n#&neous dire%#ion of #he fo''o4er "o#ion6 This &n5'e is i"por#&n# in %&" desi5n !e%&use i#

represen#s #he s#eepness of #he %&" profi'e6

@i5 ,61

@i5 ,6.

19

air compressed engine

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