air control layer(s) · 2018. 7. 23. · 48 © 2012 regents of the university of minnesota. all...
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© 2012 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
AIRCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ General Overview – The intent is to keep air from moving across the
building enclosure carrying heat and moisture to locations that can create problems. § Primary driver is air pressures § You can (must) manage the pressure difference
§ This is absolutely essential in modern construction.
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AIRCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ Theoretical Framework – Material = 0.02 l/s-m2 @75Pa – Assembly = 0.20 l/s-m2 @75Pa – Building = 2.0 l/s-m2 @75Pa
§ Where does it belong? – Inside – Outside – In between – Both
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AIRCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ Airtightness Code ZERH NZE – ACH @ 50PA 3 ACH 2 ACH 1 ACH
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PENTEST:PURPLELINEFORAIR
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VAPORCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ General Overview – The intent is to control vapor diffusion across
a vapor pressure or thermal gradient. § Primary driver is vapor pressure § That vapor pressure can (should) be managed
§ While perhaps not as critical as the other layers, it can’t be ignored in …
§ Very cold climates § Hot humid climates § High humidity environments
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VAPORCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ General Overview (continued) – As the thermal insulation increases the vapor
permeance must decrease. – Today (due to air-conditioning) you must
manage vapor from both directions. – And if anything gets wet, generally the only
drying potential is by vapor diffusion so there must be a clear drying direction.
– So, this is more of a strategy rather than a specific layer.
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VAPORCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ Theoretical Framework – Class 1 = < 0.1 perm impermeable – Class 2 = 0.1 to 1.0 perm semi-impermeable – Class 3 = 1.0 to 10 perm semi-permeable – Class 4 = > 10 perm permeable
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VAPORCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ Current building code (since 1991) requires a Class 1 or 2 vapor retarder – 1 perm or less on the warm side in winter.
§ Code doesn’t address exterior vapor retarders for summer conditions. – but inward vapor pressure is real depending on
cladding choices – and best practice would suggest you must
design for inward protection
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© 2012 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
VAPORCONTROLLAYER(S)
§ 1 is an interesting (but not lonely) number! – ½” OSB (dry cup) – smart vapor retarder (dry cup) – 1” extruded polystyrene – Several coats of oil-based paint
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© 2012 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
THEMODERNENCLOSURECONUNDRUM
§ It gets wet from inside out and outside in! – In general, it will wet outward in winter and
inward in summer § Things will get wet at some point due to
imperfect design, execution, or operation. § Therefore, all moisture susceptible
materials must be able to dry out – In general, that can be outward in the winter or
inward in the summer
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© 2012 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
THEMODERNENCLOSURECONUNDRUM
§ Has the 2x6 cavity wall hit the end of the road? – Too little thermal control – Too risky / not robust
§ requires high end execution
– Too little drying potential § Biggest Risks
– Cladding is not drained & vented – Poor water control – Significant air-conditioning
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THEPERFECTINSTITUTIONALWALL
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4IN1CONTROLLAYER
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THEPERFECTCOMMERCIALWALL
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THEPERFECTRESIDENTIALWALL
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HOWMUCHEXTERIORINSULATION?
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CONDENSATIONPOTENTIAL
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RATIOOFEXTERIORTOINTERIOR
§ High Performance Enclosures: John Straube, 2012
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CONTROLLAYERS–MNHYBRID
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ABETTERWAYTOBUILD
§ Step 1: Put the structure on the inside – Light-frame construction – Timber frame – Concrete masonry – SEP = Structural Engineered Panel (studless
construction)
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ABETTERWAYTOBUILD
§ Step 2: Put the thermal and moisture control layers on the outside. – Perfect Wall
§ (Lstiburek, w/ credit to bright Canadians in CBDs) – PERSIST (Makepeace) – REMOTE (Alaskans) – PERFORM (Texans) – Out-sulation (???) – Exterior Thermal & Moisture Management System (ETMMS)
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ETMMS:FOUNDATION,WALLS,&ROOF
§ Build the entire structure; – foundation, floor systems, walls, and roof
§ Wrap the entire envelope with a “peel & stick” membrane integrated with openings / penetrations
§ Add rigid foam insulation – 2 to 3” on foundation – 3 to 4” on walls – 6 to 8” on the roof
§ Add furring strips, overhangs, etc. § Install trim; siding; roof sheathing and roofing
House4
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UniversityofMinnesota’s
TeamOp[MNWINSTOPAWARDInDOE’s“RacetoZero”
StudentDesignCompeMMon
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
INTRODUCING|TheImpactHome
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
INTRODUCING|MulM-DisciplinaryTeam
Residen[alBuildingScienceCollinColtmanMaYhewDriesMariaFinsnessTylerKitzerowFrankPeetersPeterSchneiderKristelSpiegelbergCavanWagg
Construc[onManagementCollinColtmanJoseAaronCruz-SalinasKyleHolmesJackieLarsonPeterSchneider
MasterofScienceSustainableDesign&MastersinArchitectureLaurelJohnston
AaronHanson
Bioproducts&BiosystemsScience,Engineering,&ManagementMariaFernandaLaguardaMallo(PhDcandidate)
Business&Marke[ngEduca[on
14StudentsfromBuildingScience,ConstrucMonManagement,Business,MarkeMng,andSustainableDesign
Design,analyze,andpresentanaffordable,resilient,high-performance“ZeroEnergyReadyHome”asinfillnewconstrucMonforavacantlotinnorthMinneapolis
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
SPECIALTHANKSTOOURPARTNERS
Residen[alScienceResourcesEagan,MNBuildingScienceConsultants§ BuildingscienceandenergyraMng
consultants§ Theyprovidedresources,technical
assistance,REMRatesupport,andfinancialsupportforthepresentaMonteam’straveltoNREL
UrbanHomeworksMinneapolis,MNAffordableHousingDeveloper§ Non-profitbuilderanddeveloper§ Metwiththeirprojectmanagers
severalMmesthroughoutthecompeMMontoreceivefeedbackintheImpactHome’s“marketappropriateness”
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
OVERALLDESIGNGOALS
DepartmentofEnergy’sCHALLENGEistobuildaZeroEnergyReadyHome
UrbanHomeworks’MISSIONistoproduceequitable,dignified,communiMes
GreenHomesNorthINITIATIVEistorevitalizeNorthMinneapolisneighborhoodswithaffordable,sustainable,andqualityhomes
TeamOp[MN’sGOAListodesignahomethatmakesanonthecommunityandenvironmentbyachievingalloftheabove
IMPACT
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
PERFORMANCEGOALS|SiteinDOEClimateZone6
EnergyEfficient|ZeroEnergyReady WaterStewardship
IndoorAirQualityFor[fiedHomeDurable&Long-Las[ng
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
CONSTRUCTABILITY
ApproachableandAppropriateConstruc[onMaterialsandMethods
§ Simplifieddesignandshape§ BasedontradiMonalconstrucMonmaterials
andtechniques§ SimplifiedducMngandhotwatersystems
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
ENCLOSUREGOALS|HAM
HeatManagement
AirManagement
MoistureManagement
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
ENCLOSUREDESIGN|4ControlLayers
§ ThermalinsulaMontoretardheatflow
§ WatercontrolmembranetopreventweingofmoisturesensiMvematerials
§ Airbarriertostopunwantedheatandmoistureflow
§ Vaporretarderstrategytopreventweing,yetallowdrying
§ Orange:W.R.GracePerm-a-Barrier§ Red:HuberZIPsheathingsystem§ Blue:FoundaMonwaterproofing
§ Purple:Cross-laminatedpolyethylenemembrane
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
FOUNDATIONSTRATEGY|AirMght,Dry,&Warm
§ ExteriorwaterproofingandinsulaMon§ SlabisR-10§ FooMngisR-10§ FoundaMonwallisR-15
§ Gooddrainage§ Capillarybreaks
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
HYBRIDWALLSTRATEGY|Robust&EasytoConstruct
§ Theair,water,andvaporcontrollayerisoveratradiMonalwood-framewall
§ ThenrigidinsulaMon,ventedrainscreen,andsidingisaddedtotheexterior
§ Thisapproachlimitsmoisturemovement,yetfacilitatesbi-direcMonaldrying
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
HYBRIDROOFSTRATEGY|AddsFlexibleSpace&Robust
§ ProvidesaddiMonalspacefordesign,living,storage,&mechanicals
§ Managesmoisture&miMgatesicedamsmuchbeYerthantradiMonalslopedceilings
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
FENESTRATIONSTRATEGY|Efficient&Affordable
§ Usedhigh-performancedouble-pane,lowemissivity,gasfilledwindows§ U-value=.27§ SHGC=.20
§ CostlessthantripleorquadpaneandsMllachievedourperformancegoals
OUTSIDE INSIDE
INTRO|GOALS|DESIGN|ENCLOSURE|SYSTEMS|PERFORMANCE&FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION2015DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
PERFORMANCE
HeaMng,cooling,andwaterheaMngcostsisapproximately$420/year
DOERacetoZEROStudentDesignCompeMMon|UniversityofMinnesota
CONCLUSION|IMPACTHomebyTeamOpMMN
DepartmentofEnergy’sCHALLENGEtobuildaZeroEnergyReadyHome
UrbanHomeworks’MISSIONtoproduceequitable,dignified,communiMes
GreenHomesNorthINITIATIVEtorevitalizeNorthMinneapolisneighborhoodswithaffordable,sustainable,andqualityhomes
TeamOp[MN’sGOAListodesignahomethatmakesanbyachievingalloftheabove
IMPACT
INTRO|GOALS|ENVELOPE|SYSTEMS|IAQ|ENERGY|CONSTRUCTABILITY|FINANCIAL|CONCLUSION
HERSscoreof32withoutPVHERSscoreof0withPV
Anaffordablehousedesignthatislarger,moreflexible,andhigherperformance.
Givingnewlifetoavacantlotwithahighlyefficienthomedesignforthefuture
Wesuccessfullymetthesegoalsbycrea[nganaffordable,high-performancehomethattrulybenefitstheowner,thecommunity,andtheenvironment