Air Liquide Biogas Membranes

October 27, 2016

2 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

Air Liquide US Biogaz Reference List

Project/Location Start-up

Raw Feed

(MMSCFD) Sales Gas Destination

Laurel Highlands (Raeger Mtn, PA) Jul-06 4 Dominion pipeline system

Iris Glen (Johnson City, TN) Nov-06 2 Mountain Home VA Center co-gen facility

Greentree (Kersey, PA) Jul-07 12 Interstate Pipeline System of National Fuel Gas Supply Corp

Imperial (Imperial, PA) Sep-07 6 Interstate Pipeline System of National Fuel Gas Supply Corp

Shade (Cairnbrook, PA) Jun-07 4 Dominion pipeline system

Southern (Davidsville, PA) Jun-07 2 Dominion pipeline system

Oklahoma City (OKC, OK) May-08 2 Southern Star Pipeline

Carter Valley (Church Hill, TN) Nov-08 2 Intrastate pipeline system of Tengasco, Inc.

Winder (Winder, GA) Dec-08 6 Municipal Gas Authority of Georgia Local Distribution

Live Oak (Atlanta, GA) Feb-09 7 Atlanta Gas & Light Local Distribuion

Cedar Hills (Seattle, WA) Feb-09 16 Puget Sound Energy Local Distribution

Seneca (Pittsburgh, PA) Dec-10 4 Dominion pipeline system

River Birch (New Orleans, LA) May-10 9 ATMOS Pipeline, LDC

Meadow Branch (Athens, TN) Aug-11 3 Spectra Energy’s East Tennessee Pipeline

Pt Loma WWTP (San Diego, CA) Mar-12 2 SDG&E

Fresno WWTP (Fresno, CA) Mar-12 2 Local plant use

Midwest Landfill Nov-14 5 Pipeline, eventual CNG vehicle

Seneca Meadows (NY) Apr-14 4.3 Pipeline

SWACO (Ohio) Apr-14 8.6 Pipeline

WWTP (Chile) Est'd 1Q 2015 2.8 Pipeline

Oklahoma City (OKC, OK) Est'd 2Q 2015 2 Southern Star Pipeline

TOTAL 106

3 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

Gas Permeation

Air Liquide - Confidential

FEED

CH4

CO2,

N2, O2

H2O, H2S

Biogas Feed 200 PSIG CH4 = 50-70% CO2 = 30-50%

Product 99-98 % CH4 1-2 % CO2

PRODUCT

CH4

REJECT

CO2,O2

H2O, H2S

Reject

4 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

BIOGAS UPGRADING (WITHOUT N2 - DIGESTER)

1 November 2016 MEDAL - aBT Americas -

Confidential

Membrane

Stage #1

PRODUCT

150 psig

CH4 = 98+%

CO2 <1-2%

O2<0.2%

H2O=Dry

Siloxanes =

Nil

Feed

Compression

REJECT

TO FLARE

FEED

0 psig

100 F

200

psig

Recycle (To Improve Methane Recovery)

Membrane

Stage #2

Pre-Treat

(Case

Specific)

5 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

TYPICAL SKID

6 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing 1 November 2016 MEDAL - aBT Americas -

Confidential

7 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

PT Loma WWTP, Biogas to Pipeline & Fuel Cells

■ BioFuels Energy owner

■ Biogas to SDG&E Pipeline (Rule 30)

■ 3 FCE Fuel Cells 2 via directed Biomethane

1 on-site consuming actual biomethane

■ Gas processing by Air Liquide

■ Total plant built and operated by SCS

Sales Gas

Source: SCS

8 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

Air Liquide Live Oak Biomethane Plant

■ LFG from WM Live Oak Landfill, Conley, GA

■ 2000 MMBtu/Day into pipeline as directed biomethane

■ Extreme reliability (98% production, 99.5% equipment availability)

■ Platform for continuing biomethane related developments

9 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

NITROGEN REJECTION WITH MEMBRANES (LANDFILL)

1 November 2016 MEDAL - aBT Americas -

Confidential

Membrane REJECTED

NITROGEN

150 psig Feed

Compression

PRODUCT

N2 = 2 to 4%

FEED

150 psig

100 F

Recycle (To Improve Methane Recovery)

Product

Compression

10 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing

Market Opportunities and Challenges

■ Opportunity – High value for renewable fuels

Long term value and financing a challenge

■ Digester

Generally air free making upgrading easier (O2 removed in the membrane)

Siloxanes - must be removed for Rule 30

High H2S – In California requires separate removal

High cost for pipeline interconnect and product analysis (esp. small plants)

WWTP – Challenge is municipal structure (delays)

Dairy – Main issue is scale

Food waste – Can contain a range of impurities not common to other digesters

■ Landfill

Contains a level of N2 and O2 (along with high levels of VOCs)

For Rule 30 for 990 BTU/ft3 (98% CH4) will need to add N2 rejection (higher cost, lower

recovery) and can also need propane injection

Needs larger flow rates than digesters to be economic

23 July 2015 Air Liquide - Confidential

11 Air Liquide All-Membrane Solution for Gas Processing 1 November 2016 MEDAL - aBT Americas -

Confidential