Air Pollution Prepared By

Jikrul HasanStudent of IUBAT

Department of Mechanical EngineeringID: 14307058

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology

Content Definition of Air PollutionTypes of Air Pollution- -Primary pollutants - Secondary pollutants

Sources of Air Pollution -Anthropogenic (man-made) sources -Natural sources

Causes of Air PollutionEffect of Air Pollution on -Human Body -Materials -Animals

Solution for Air Pollution

What is Air?

Air is a precious resource that most of us take for granted. Air supplies us with oxygen, which is essential for our bodies to live. Without it, we would die within minutes.

What Is Air Pollution?? Air pollution is the

introduction of particulates ,biological molecules or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere ,causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as animals and food crops or the natural or built environment . Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.

Air pollution from a fossil-fuel power station

Types of PollutionIn order to understand the causes of air pollution,

several divisions can be made.

Primary air pollutants can be caused by primary sources or secondary sources. The pollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called primary pollutants.

Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants.

Primary PollutantsMajor primary pollutants

produced by human activity,• Sulfur oxides (SOx)-

particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2.

SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in varies industrial process.

Coal and petroleum often contain sulfer compounds, and their combustion generates sulfer di-oxide.

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Nitrogen oxides-

particularly nitrogen dioxide, are expelled from high temperature combustion, and are also produced during thunderstorms by electric discharge.

They can be seen as a brown haze dome above or a plume downwind of cities.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Carbon monoxide (CO)• CO is a colorless,

odorless, toxic yet non-irrigation gas.

• It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood.

• Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.

Volatile organic compounds• VOCs are a well-known outdoor

air pollutant.• They are categorized as either

methane (CH) or non-methane (NMVOCs)

• Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which contributes to enhanced global warming.

• The aromatic NMVOCs benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia with prolonged expure.

Particulates• Alternatively referred to as

particulate matter (PM), atmospheric particulate matter, or fine particles, are tiny particles and gas.

• Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation and sea spray.

• Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)• Harmful to the ozone

layer; emitted from products currently banned from use

• These are gases which are released from air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, etc.

• This allows harmful ultraviolet rays to reach the earth’s surface.

Ammonia (NH3)• Emitted from agriculture

processes.• Ammonia is a compound

with the formula NH3.• Ammonia, either directly or

indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals.

• In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with oxides of nitrogen and sulphur to form secondary particles.

Secondary Pollutants• Particulates created from

gaseous primary pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog.

• Smog is a kind of air pollution.

• Smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide.

Ground Level Ozone (O)• Formed from Nox and VOCs.• It is also an important constituent of certain regions of

the stratosphere commonly known as the Ozone layer.• Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it drive

many of the chemical processes that occur in the atmosphere by day and by night.

Sources• There are various locations, activities or

factors which are responsible for releasing pollutants into the atmosphere.

• These sources can be classified into two major categories-

1) Anthropogenic (man-made) sources 2) Natural sources

Major sources of pollutants

Anthropogenic sources• These are related to the

burning of multiple types of fuel.

• Stationary Sources include smock stacks of power plants, manufacturing facilities and waste incinerators, as well as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning heating devices.

• Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and forest management.

• Mobile Sources include motor vehicles, marine vessels, and aircraft.

• Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays, and other solvents.

• Waste deposition in landfills, which generate methane.

Natural Sources• Dust from natural sources ,

usually large areas of land with few or no vegetation.

• Methane, emitted by the digestion of food by animals, for example cattle.

• Radon gas from radioactive decay within the Earth’s crust.

• It is considered to be a health hazard. Radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings, especially in confined areas such as the basement.

• Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.

• Volcanic activity, which produces sulfur, chlorine, and ash particulates.

1.Bunning of Fossil Fuels:

• Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles of pollution.

• Pollution emitted from vehicles including trucks, jeeps, cars, trains, airplanes cause immense amount of pollution.

2. Agricultural activities• Ammonia is a very common by

product from agriculture related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere.

• Use of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot.

• They emit harmful chemicals into the air and can also cause water pollution.

3. Exhaust from factories and industries

• Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality of air.

4. Mining operators• Mining is a process

wherein minerals below the earth are extracted using large equipments.

• During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air pollution.

5. Indoor air pollution• Household cleaning products, painting

supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution

Effect of Air Pollution On Human Health

• The effects of air pollution are alarming.

• They are known to create several respiratory and heart condition along with cancer, among other threats to the body.

• Air pollution causes following diseases in human body:

Cystic fibrosis Lung disease Cancer Difficulty in breathing Wheezing Coughing Asthma Worsening of existing respiratory and cardiac

condition

Effect of Air Pollution on Materials• The particulate matter

causes damage to building.• The corrosion is enhanced.• It causes cracks fading of

pointed surface.• The particulates

accumulate on the soil and reduces fertility of soil.

Effect of Air pollution on Animals• Just like humans, animals also face some

devastating affects of air pollution.• Toxic chemicals presents in the air can force

wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat

Air Pollution in Bangladesh• Basically, there are two major sources

of air pollution in Bangladesh industrial emissions and vehicular emissions. The industrial sources include brick kilns, fertilizer factories, sugar, paper, jute and textile mills, spinning mills, tanneries, garment, bread and biscuit factories, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, cement production and processing factories, metal workshops, wooden dust from saw mills and dusts from ploughed land, and salt particles from ocean waves near the and coastal lands.

• With increased rate of urbanization in the country, the number of vehicles is also increasing rapidly, and contributing to more and more air pollution.

Solutions for Air Pollution1. Use public mode of transportation:• Encourage people to use more and more public modes

of transportation to reduce pollution.• Also, try to make use of car pooling.• If you and your colleagues come from the same locality

and have same timings, you can explore this option to save energy and money.

2.Conserve energy:• Switch off fans and lights when you are going

out.• Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt to

produce electricity. You can save the environment from degradation by7 reducing the amount of fossil fuels to be burned

3. Understand the concept of Reduce, Reuse, and

Recycle:• Do not throw away items that are of no use to

you.• In fact reuse them for some other purpose.• Foe e.g. we can use old jars to store cereals or

pulses.

4. Emphasis on clean energy resources:

• Clean energy technologies like solar, wind and geothermal are on high these days.

• Governments of various countries have been providing grants to consumers who are interested in installing solar panels for their home.

• This will go a long way to curb air pollution.

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