air resources board · the air resources board ... tdd (916) 324-9531, or (800) ... (hsc) sections...

Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasonsfor the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure

for Emissions of Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminantsfrom Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities

Stationary Source DivisionEmissions Assessment Branch

Release Date:March 10, 2000

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

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TITLE 17. CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING TO CONSIDER THE ADOPTION OFA PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASURE FOR

EMISSIONS OF CHLORINATED TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTS FROMAUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ACTIVITIES

The Air Resources Board (the ARB or Board) will conduct a public hearing at the time and placenoted below to consider adopting a regulation to reduce emissions of chlorinated toxic aircontaminants from the use of several automotive consumer products. The proposed regulation isintended to reduce emissions from cleaning and degreasing products that are predominantly usedin automotive maintenance and repair activities. The proposed regulation would establishprescriptive standards for these products.

DATE: April 27, 2000

TIME: 9:30 a.m.

PLACE: San Diego County Administration CenterSupervisors Chambers, Room 3101600 Pacific HighwaySan Diego, California

This item will be considered at a two-day meeting of the ARB, which will commence at9:30 a.m. on April 27, 2000, and may continue at 8:30 a.m., April 28, 2000. This item may notbe considered until April 28, 2000. Please consult the agenda for the meeting, which will beavailable at least 10 days before April 27, 2000, to determine the time when this item will beconsidered.

This facility is accessible to persons with disabilities. If accommodation is needed, pleasecontact ARB’s Clerk of the Board by April 13, 2000, at (916) 322-5594, orTDD (916) 324-9531, or (800) 700-8326 for TDD calls from outside the Sacramento area, toensure accommodation.

INFORMATIVE DIGEST OF PROPOSED ACTION AND PLAIN ENGLISH POLICYSTATEMENT OVERVIEW

Sections Affected: Proposed adoption of section 93111, title 17, California Code of Regulations(CCR), and proposed incorporation by reference of “Air Resources Board Test Method 310,Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products,” adoptedSeptember 25, 1997 as last amended September 3, 1999.

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Background

The California Toxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program (Program),established under California law by Assembly Bill 1807 (Chapter 1047, Statutes of 1983) and setforth in Health and Safety Code (HSC) sections 39650 - 39675, requires the ARB to identify andcontrol air toxics in California. The Board identified methylene chloride (MeCl),trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (Perc) as toxic air contaminants (TACs) at itsJuly 1989, October 1990, and October 1991 Board hearings, respectively. Each TAC wasidentified without a Board-specified threshold exposure level

Following the identification of a substance as a TAC, HSC section 39665 requires the ARB, withparticipation of the air pollution control and air quality management districts, and in consultationwith affected sources and interested parties, to prepare a report on the need and appropriatedegree of regulation for that substance. HSC section 39665(b) requires that this “needsassessment” address, among other things, the technological feasibility of proposed airborne toxiccontrol measures (ATCMs) and the availability, suitability and relative efficacy of substituteproducts or processes of a less hazardous nature. A needs assessment for Perc was conductedfrom 1991 to 1993 as part of the ARB’s development of the ATCM for Emissions ofPerchloroethylene from Dry Cleaning Operations, August 1993 (title 17, California Code ofRegulations, sections 93109 and 93110). The ARB staff has prepared an Initial Statement ofReasons (ISOR) for this proposed regulation that serves as the report on the need and appropriatedegree of regulation for the two other TACs, MeCl and TCE.

Once the ARB has evaluated the need and appropriate degree of regulation for a TAC,HSC section 39666 requires the ARB to adopt regulations (ATCMs) to reduce emissions of theTAC. Since Perc, MeCl, and TCE do not have Board-specified threshold exposure levels,HSC section 39666 also requires that the proposed ATCM be designed to reduce emissions to thelowest level achievable through the application of best available control technology (BACT) or amore effective control method, in consideration of cost, risk, environmental impacts, and otherspecified factors. In developing the proposed ATCM, state law also requires assessment of theappropriateness of substitute products or processes.

It is important to note that the proposed ATCM is not a consumer products regulation. Consumer products regulations are developed under authority granted to the ARB by theCalifornia Clean Air Act (1998), and specifically HSC section 41712. HSC section 41712requires the ARB to adopt regulations to achieve the maximum feasible reduction in reactiveorganic compounds (ROCs) emitted by consumer products (note: ROC is equivalent to VOC). As discussed previously, we are proposing this ATCM under the authority granted to the ARB byAssembly Bill 1807 (The Toxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program) as codifiedin HSC sections 39650 through 39675.

However, since the automotive consumer products industry has previously been subject toregulations developed under ARB’s Consumer Products Program, we have used the phrase

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“consumer products” and definitions similar to those in ARB’s consumer products regulations inan attempt to make our ISOR more familiar and comprehensible to consumer productsmanufacturers, automotive maintenance and repair (AMR) facility operators, and others who mayuse these products.

Description of the Proposed Regulatory Action

The proposed ATCM would minimize emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from AMR activitiesby regulating automotive consumer product content and usage. Specifically, the proposedATCM requires that brake cleaners, carburetor or fuel-injection air intake cleaners (carburetorcleaners), engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers manufactured afterDecember 31, 2002 and sold or intended for sale in California not contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE. The proposed ATCM provides that a product is considered to contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE if ithas one percent or more (by weight) of any one of the three TACs. This allowed contentaccounts for the detection limit of the prescribed test method. The proposed ATCM alsoprohibits AMR facility owners and operators from using these automotive consumer products ifthey contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE in their facilities after June 30, 2005.

Administrative Requirements

The proposed regulation would provide manufacturers an 18-month sell-through period for thespecified Perc, MeCl, or TCE-containing automotive consumer products manufactured on orbefore December 31, 2002. The sell-through period would end June 30, 2004. In addition, AMRfacility owners and operators would be provided 12 months from the end of the sell-throughperiod to use chlorinated products.

For compliance purposes, manufacturers would be required to display a date or date-code on theproduct container indicating date of manufacture and to provide the date-code key to the ARB.

Variances

The proposed regulation is not expected to cause or result in significant economic hardship toany person or manufacturer. However, to further reduce this possibility, any person who cannotcomply with the requirements of the proposed ATCM, due to reasons beyond the person’sreasonable control, may apply in writing for a variance. The proposed variance procedures forthe ATCM closely mirror other ARB variance procedures specified in ARB regulations.

Test Method

Testing is necessary to determine compliance with the proposed standards. The proposed testmethod is a modification of Air Resources Board Test Method 310, Determination of VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOC) in Consumer Products, adopted September 25, 1997, as lastamended September 3, 1999, which is to be incorporated by reference.

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Comparable Federal Regulations

There are no comparable federal regulations covering emissions from the use of automotiveconsumer products containing chlorinated toxic air contaminants in automotive maintenance andrepair activities. Staff reviewed federal regulations governing worker safety (the requirementsfor cleaning asbestos brakes and the use of aerosol products in the vicinity of ignition sources) toensure there were no conflicting provisions.

AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTS AND AGENCY CONTACT PERSON

The ARB staff has prepared a Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons (ISOR) for theproposed regulatory action which includes the full text of the proposed regulatory language, asummary of the environmental and economic impacts of the proposal, and supporting technicaldocumentation. Copies of the ISOR may be obtained from the ARB’s Public Information Office,2020 L Street, Sacramento, California 95814, (916) 322-2990, at least 45 days prior to thescheduled hearing (April 27, 2000). To obtain the ISOR in an alternative format, please contactthe Air Resources Board ADA Coordinator at (916) 322-4505, TDD (916) 324-9531, or(800) 700-8326 for TDD calls from outside the Sacramento Area. This notice, the ISOR, and allsubsequent regulatory documents are being made available on the ARB Internet site for thisrulemaking, http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/amr/amr.htm.

The staff has also compiled a record which includes all information upon which the proposal isbased. This material is available for inspection upon request to the contact person identifiedbelow.

The ARB has determined that it is not feasible to draft the regulation in plain English due to thetechnical nature of the regulation; however, a plain English summary of the regulation isavailable from the agency contact person named in this notice, and is also contained in the ISORfor this regulatory action.

Further inquiries regarding this matter should be directed to the agency contact person for thisrulemaking, Mr. Tony Andreoni, Manager, Process Evaluation Section, Stationary SourceDivision, at (916) 324-6021.

COSTS TO PUBLIC AGENCIES AND TO BUSINESSES AND PERSONS AFFECTED

The determinations of the Board’s Executive Officer concerning the cost or savings necessarilyincurred in reasonable compliance with the proposed regulatory action are presented below.

The Executive Officer has determined that the proposed regulatory action will not create costs orsavings, as defined in Government Code section 11346.5(a)(6), to any state agency or in federalfunding to the State, costs or mandate to any local agency or school district whether or notreimbursable by the State pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with section 17500), Division 4, Title 2 of the Government Code, or other nondiscretionary savings to local agencies. However,the ARB may incur additional implementation or enforcement costs at some future time.

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In developing this regulatory proposal, the ARB staff evaluated the potential economic impactson businesses and private persons. The Executive Officer has determined, pursuant toGovernment Code section 11346.5(a)(3)(B), that the regulation may affect small business.However, the Executive Officer has also determined, pursuant to Government Code section 11346.5(a)(8), that adoption of the proposed regulatory action will not have a significantadverse economic impact on businesses, including the ability of California businesses to competewith businesses in other states.

The Executive Officer has determined that there will be no, or an insignificant, potential costimpact, as defined in Government Code section 11346.5(a)(9), on private persons or businessesdirectly affected resulting from the proposed action.

Finally, in accordance with Government Code section 11346.3, the Executive Officer hasdetermined that the proposed regulatory action should have negligible impacts on the creation orelimination of jobs within the State of California, negligible impacts on the creation of newbusinesses and the elimination of existing businesses within the State of California, andnegligible impacts on the expansion of businesses currently doing business within the State ofCalifornia. A detailed assessment of the economic impacts of the proposed amendments can befound in the ISOR.

Before taking final action on the proposed regulatory action, the ARB must determine that noalternative considered by the agency would be more effective in carrying out the purpose forwhich the action is proposed or would be as effective and less burdensome to affected privatepersons or businesses than the proposed action.

SUBMITTAL OF COMMENTS

The public may present comments relating to this matter orally or in writing at the hearing, and inwriting or by e-mail before the hearing. To be considered by the ARB, written submissions mustbe addressed to and received by the Clerk of the Board, Air Resources Board, P.O. Box 2815,Sacramento, CA 95812, or 2020 L Street, 4th Floor, Sacramento, CA 95814, no later than 12:00noon Pacific Time April 26, 2000, or received by the Clerk of the Board at the hearing. To beconsidered by the ARB, e-mail submissions must be addressed to [email protected] andreceived at the ARB no later than 12:00 noon Pacific Time April 26, 2000.

The ARB requests, but does not require 30 copies of any written submission. Also, the ARBrequests that written and e-mail statements be filed at least 10 days prior to the hearing so thatARB staff and Board Members have time to fully consider each comment. The ARB encouragesmembers of the public to bring any suggestions for modification of the proposed regulatoryaction to the attention of staff in advance of the hearing.

State of CaliforniaAIR RESOURCES BOARD

STAFF REPORT: INITIAL STATEMENT OF REASONSFOR PROPOSED RULEMAKING

Public Hearing to Consider

PROPOSED ADOPTION OF ANAIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASURE

FOR EMISSIONS OF CHLORINATED TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTSFROM AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ACTIVITIES

To be considered by the Air Resources Board on April 27, 2000, at:

San Diego County Administration CenterSupervisors Chambers, Room 310

1600 Pacific HighwaySan Diego, California

Air Resources BoardP.O. Box 2815

Sacramento, CA 95812

This report has been prepared by the staff of the California Air Resources Board. Publicationdoes not signify that the contents reflect the views and policies of the Air Resources Board, nordoes mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendationfor use.


PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASUREFOR EMISSIONS OF CHLORINATED TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTSFROM AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ACTIVITIES

Executive Summaryand

Technical Support Document

Primary Authors

Mark Williams (team lead)Richard A. Boyd II

Greg HarrisMichele HoughtonMichelle Komlenic

Tina Najjar

Contributing AuthorsVernon Hughes

Tom LuskReza Mahdavi, Ph.D.

Tony ServinHien Tran

Reviewed by:

Tony F. Andreoni, Manager, Process Evaluation SectionTodd S. Wong, Manager, Emissions Evaluation Section

Daniel E. Donohoue, Chief, Emissions Assessment BranchDonald J. Ames, Assistant Chief, Stationary Source Division

Peter D. Venturini, Chief, Stationary Source Division

February 2000

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to acknowledge the participation and assistance of the consumer productsmanufacturing industry and its associations, the automotive maintenance and repair industry,district and state agency staff, and others. We thank the automotive maintenance and repairfacility representatives for showing us their operations and providing product information.

We also wish to acknowledge the technical support we received from the following ARB units:

Field Enforcement Section, Compliance DivisionProgram Review Section, Compliance DivisionOffice of Legal Affairs, Executive OfficeEvaluation Section, Monitoring and Laboratory DivisionClient Support Services Section, Planning and Technical Support DivisionEmissions Inventory Methods Section, Planning and Technical Support DivisionEmissions Inventory Analysis Section, Planning and Technical Support DivisionModeling Support Section, Planning and Technical Support DivisionImplementation Section, Stationary Source DivisionMeasure Development Section, Stationary Source Division



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page

Volume I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. History and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1III. Public Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3IV. Potential Emissions and Health Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4V. Summary of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6VI. Potential Health Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . 8VII. Economic Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9VIII. Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . 10IX. Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

Table 1: Statewide Emission Estimates from Perc-containing Automotive ConsumerProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Table 2: Requirements of the Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents PageVolume II: TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT

I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1A. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1B. Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1C. Regulatory Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2D. Regulatory Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-3

II. Public Outreach and Report Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1A. Outreach Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1B. Public Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1C. Data Collection Tools to Assist in Report Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-3

III. Physical Characteristics, Sources, and Ambient Concentrations of Perchloroethylene,Methylene Chloride, and Trichloroethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1A. Perchloroethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-1B. Methylene Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-7C. Trichloroethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-12

IV. Summary of Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1A. Description of Product Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1B. Users of Automotive Consumer Products in California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4C. How Brake Service and Repair Jobs are Performed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4

V. Emissions From Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1A. Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products Survey . . . . . . . . . V-1B. Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2C. Brake/Automotive Repair Shop Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-8D. Summary of Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-14

VI. Potential Health Impacts of Perchloroethylene, Methylene Chloride, and Trichloroethylene from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities . . . . . . . . . . VI-1A. An Overview of Health Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1B. The Tools Used for this Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-3C. Potential Health Effects of Perchloroethylene, Methylene Chloride, and

Trichloroethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-5D. Factors that Affect the Outcome of a Health Risk Assessment at

Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-9E. Summary of Potential Health Impacts from Automotive Maintenance

and Repair Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-11F. Multipathway Health Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-45

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Contents Page

VII. The Proposed Control Measure and Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1A. The Proposed Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1B. Basis for the Proposed Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-2C. Alternatives to the Proposed Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-6D. Evaluation of the Proposed Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-10

VIII. Potential Health Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . VIII-1A. Statewide Emissions and Risk Reduction Benefits of the Airborne

Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1B. Potential Adverse Health Effects from Use of Volatile Organic

Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1C. Replacement with Other Toxic Air Contaminants that are Not

Volatile Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-4D. Replacement with Compounds that are Not Toxic Air Contaminants

or Volatile Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5E. Workplace Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5

IX. Economic Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-1A. Summary of Economic Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-1B. Economic Impacts Analysis on California Businesses as Required by

The California Administrative Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-3C. Analysis of Potential Impacts to California State or Local Agencies . . . . . . . IX-9D. Analysis of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-9

X. Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure . . . . . . . . X-1A. Legal Requirements Applicable to the Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1B. Potential Waste Water Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1C. Potential Hazardous Waste Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-2D. Potential Air Pollution Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-3E. Formation of Phosgene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-6F. Potential Flammability of Products that Contain VOCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-7G. Reasonably Foreseeable Feasible Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-8H. Reasonably Foreseeable Alternative Means of Compliance with the ATCM . X-8

XI. References

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

APPENDIX A: Proposed Regulation Order: Airborne Toxic Control Measure forEmissions of Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminants From AutomotiveMaintenance and Repair Activities

APPENDIX B: SurveysAPPENDIX C: Methodology for Estimating the Potential Health Impacts from

Automotive Maintenance and Repair FacilitiesAPPENDIX D: Specific and Generic Facility Modeling ResultsAPPENDIX E: Statewide Population Exposure Estimate Modeling MemorandumsAPPENDIX F: Selection of Specific and Generic Facilities for ISCST3 ModelingAPPENDIX G: Compounds in ProductsAPPENDIX H: Examples of Manufacturer Efficacy Claims for Non-Chlorinated ProductsAPPENDIX I: Glossary

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

Table V-1: Summary of Manufacturer Survey Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2Table V-2: Number of Businesses by SIC Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-3Table V-3: Brake Cleaning Techniques Used in Facility Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-4Table V-4: Product Formulations Used in Facility Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-4Table V-5: Aerosol and Bulk Product Usage for Surveyed Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-5Table V-6: Proportion of Products that Contain Perc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-6Table V-7: Proportion of Facility Survey Entries that Contain Perc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-6Table V-8: Proportion of Manufacturer Survey Entries that Contain Perc . . . . . . . . . . . . V-6Table V-9: Total Perc Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-8Table V-10: Product Formulations Used in Site Visit Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-9Table V-11: Use of Portable Brake Cleaning Units in Site Visit Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . V-10Table V-12: Summary of Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-11Table V-13: Number of Site Visit Facilities with Receptors at Various Distances . . . . . . V-12Table V-14: Description of Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facility Categories . . . V-13Table V-15: Emission Estimates for Site Visits by Facility Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-14Table V-16: Total Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE Estimated from Site Visits . . . . . V-14Table V-17: Estimated Maximum Emissions from the Facility Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-15Table V-18: Statewide Emission Estimates from Automotive Consumer Products . . . . . V-15

Table VI-1: Pollutant-Specific Health Effects Values Used for Determining Potential Health Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-4

Table VI-2: Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Fifty-FourSpecific Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-14

Table VI-3: Summary of the Specific Facility Near-Source Potential Health Impacts . . . VI-16Table VI-4: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum Exposed

Individual Resident from the Specific Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-19Table VI-5: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum Exposed

Individual Worker from the Specific Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-22Table VI-6: Summary of the Potential Regional Population and Individual

Cancer Risk for the Thirteen Specific Facilities Modeled with ISCST3 . . . . VI-26Table VI-7: Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Three Generic

Facilities Using Off-site Representative Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-28Table VI-8: Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Three

Generic Facilities Using Default Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-29Table VI-9: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three

Generic Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations andFour Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the HighestConcentrations (Anaheim) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-32

LIST OF TABLES (continued)

Table Title Page

Table VI-10: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for ThreeGeneric Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations andFour Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the Middle Range Concentrations (Burbank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-34

Table VI-11: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for ThreeGeneric Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations andFour Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the LowestConcentrations (Oakland) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-36

Table VI-12: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for ThreeGeneric Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations andFour Product Categories based on Default Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . VI-38

Table VI-13: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for ThreeGeneric Facilities Using Carburetor Cleaner, Engine Degreaser, and General Degreaser, based on Average Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-40

Table VI-14: Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for ThreeGeneric Facilities Using Carburetor Cleaner, Engine Degreaser, and General Degreaser, based on Default Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-41

Table VI-15: Air Basin Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposure based on 1990 Census . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-42

Table VI-16: Estimated Statewide Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposure . . . VI-43Table VI-17: Statewide Average Concentrations for MeCl and TCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-43Table VI-18: Estimated Potential Reductions in Ambient Levels of Perc,

MeCl, and TCE from the Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-44

Table VII-1: Facility Survey Summary of Chlorinated and Non-chlorinated Product Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-3

Table VII-2: BACT Product Content Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-6

Table VIII-1: Potential TCE and MeCl Emissions After Removal of Perc fromAerosol Brake Cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-3

Table VIII-2: Potential MeCl and TCE Emissions After Removal of Perc fromAerosol Brake Cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5

Table IX-1: Number of Chlorinated TAC and VOC Products Marketed in California . . . IX-4Table IX-2: Affected Product Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-5Table IX-3: Changes in Return on Owner’s Equity for Typical Businesses in

Automotive Consumer Products Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-6Table IX-4: Estimated Total Annualized Non-Recurring Fixed Cost to

Comply with the Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-15Table IX-5: Annual Recurring Cost Calculations for Raw Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-17Table IX-6: Estimated Impact to Raw Materials Cost Per Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-19

LIST OF TABLES (continued)

Table Title Page

Table IX-7: Comparison of Raw Materials Cost Impacts for the Proposed ATCMand ARB Consumer Product Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-19

Table IX-8: Estimated Per-Unit Cost Increases from Both Annualized Non-Recurring and Annual Recurring Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-21

Table IX-9: Estimated Cost-Effectiveness for Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-22Table IX-10: Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-23Table IX-11: Estimated Cost-Effectiveness for Proposed ATCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-24Table IX-12: Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness for Proposed ATCM and

Other ARB Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-25

Table X-1: Statewide Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from Automotive ConsumerProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-3

Table X-2: Potential Maximum Increase in VOC Emissions from a Switch to VOC-Based Non-Chlorinated Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-4

Table X-3: Approximate Emission Reductions from Proposed ATCM and October 1999 Consumer Products Amendments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-4




Volume I:Executive Summary

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I. INTRODUCTION

This executive summary presents the Air Resources Board (ARB or Board) staff’sProposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) for Emissions of Chlorinated Toxic AirContaminants from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities. The proposed controlmeasure addresses emissions of three toxic air contaminants (TACs): perchloroethylene (Perc),methylene chloride (MeCl), and trichloroethylene (TCE). These TACs are found in automotiveconsumer products commonly used in automotive maintenance and repair (AMR) activities. Automotive consumer products are aerosol and liquid products that remove grease, grime, anddirt from a variety of automobile parts. They are generally available as pre-packaged aerosolsprays or bulk liquid products that are easily added to refillable pump sprayers. Examples ofapplications where these products are used include engine degreasing, the servicing ofcarburetors and throttle bodies, and brake service and repair operations. The majority of theseproducts are used in commercial AMR facilities with much smaller usage from do-it-yourselfenthusiasts.

This summary is based upon the Technical Support Document (TSD) found in Volume IIof this Initial Statement of Reasons (ISOR). The TSD provides a more detailed presentation ofthe technical basis and supporting analyses for the proposed control measure.

II. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

1. Why did we perform this assessment?

At its November 21, 1996, hearing, the Board adopted amendments to exempt Perc fromthe volatile organic compound (VOC) definition in California’s Regulation for Reducing VOCEmissions from Consumer Products (Consumer Products Regulation; section 94521, title 17,California Code of Regulations). This action allowed manufacturers to reformulate consumerproducts with Perc to meet the VOC limits of the Consumer Products Regulation.

During the hearing, the Board expressed concerns about the potential for an increase inthe use of Perc in consumer products, and the possible health impacts that might result. Therefore, the Board directed the ARB staff to conduct an assessment under the State’s TACcontrol program of the need to control Perc use in these products. Staff initially focused on theuse of Perc in brake cleaning products because this product category represented the greatest useof Perc among the various products. The preliminary results of this initial assessment werediscussed in the Perchloroethylene Needs Assessment for Automotive Consumer Products:Status Report released in June 1997 (June 1997 Status Report) and presented to the Board at itsJune 26, 1997, meeting. An additional update on the assessment, incorporating additional dataand analyses, was provided to the Board in a May 1998 Memorandum. These documentsindicated that, based on the available information, an ATCM should be developed to reduce Percemissions from brake cleaning products.

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The assessment was later expanded to address the use of MeCl and TCE in brakecleaning products, and the use of all three compounds in carburetor or fuel-injection air intakecleaners (carburetor cleaners), engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers. Thisexpansion was based on information and observations during site visits indicating that: (1) brakecleaning products could potentially be reformulated with MeCl or TCE, and (2) carburetorcleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers could be used interchangeably withor substituted for brake cleaning products.

2. What authority does the Air Resources Board have to control emissions of TACs?

This control measure is developed under the authority of the California Toxic AirContaminant Identification and Control Program (Air Toxics Program), established underCalifornia law by Assembly Bill 1807 and set forth in Health and Safety Code (HSC) sections39650 thru 39675. The Board identified MeCl, TCE, and Perc as TACs and potential humancarcinogens at its July 1989, October 1990, and October 1991 Board hearings, respectively. Ineach case, the Board determined there was not sufficient available scientific evidence to identifya threshold level of exposure below which no adverse health effects are likely to occur.

Following the identification of a substance as a TAC, HSC section 39665 requires theARB, with participation of the air pollution control and air quality management districts(districts), and in consultation with affected sources and interested parties, to prepare a report onthe need and appropriate degree of regulation for that substance. A needs assessment for Percwas conducted from 1991 to 1993 as part of the ARB’s development of the Airborne ToxicControl Measure (ATCM) for Emissions of Perchloroethylene from Dry Cleaning Operations(Dry Cleaning ATCM), August 1993 (title 17, CCR, sections 93109 and 93110). During thatassessment, the ARB staff determined that dry cleaning operations and solvent degreasingoperations accounted for about 80 percent of the Perc use in California. Therefore, staff focusedtheir attention on dry cleaning and degreasing uses of Perc first and is now addressing other usesof Perc. Additionally, Volume II of this ISOR serves as the report on the need and appropriatedegree of regulation for MeCl and TCE. Once the ARB has evaluated the need and appropriatedegree of regulation for a TAC, HSC section 39666 requires the ARB to adopt ATCMs to reduceemissions of that TAC. When adopting ATCMs, HSC section 39666 requires that any controlmeasure for a TAC without a Board-specified threshold level be designed to reduce emissions tothe lowest level achievable through the application of best available control technology (BACT)or a more effective control method.

3. Is the proposed ATCM a Consumer Products Regulation?

It is important to note that the proposed ATCM is not a consumer products regulation. Consumer products regulations are developed under authority granted to the ARB by theCalifornia Clean Air Act (1998), and specifically HSC section 41712. HSC section 41712requires the ARB to adopt regulations to achieve the maximum feasible reduction in reactiveorganic compounds (ROCs) emitted by consumer products (note: ROC is equivalent to VOC).

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As discussed previously, we are proposing this ATCM under the authority granted to the ARB byAssembly Bill 1807 (the Toxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program) as codifiedin HSC sections 39650 through 39675.

However, since the automotive consumer products industry has previously been subject toregulations developed under ARB’s Consumer Products Program, we have used the phrase“consumer products” and definitions similar to those in ARB’s consumer products regulations inan attempt to make our ISOR more familiar and comprehensible to consumer productsmanufacturers, AMR facility operators, and others who may use these products.

III. PUBLIC OUTREACH

For this assessment, we developed an extensive outreach program that involvedautomotive consumer products manufacturers and their associations, AMR facility operators andtheir associations, national, state and local regulatory agencies, environmental/pollutionprevention and public health advocates, and other interested parties. These entities participatedin the development and review of the necessary surveys and draft reports, conference calls,working group meetings, and workshops. Outreach efforts also provided participants a forum inwhich to address their concerns. ARB outreach activities included:

C the establishment of the Perc Needs Assessment working group;C eight meetings, four workshops, and seven conference calls;C more than 500 telephone conversations with the working group and facility operators;C mailing or faxing working group agendas, minutes, draft surveys, survey analyses, draft

and final status reports to over 80 people;C mailing workshop notices to over 6,000 people;C mailing the Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products Survey to

37 manufacturers and 23 other interested parties (including associations);C mailing the Automotive Repair Facility Survey to 25,000 facilities;C visiting a total of 158 AMR facilities to gather information on: (1) the amount of product

used for brake service and repair, building dimensions, and receptor locations;(2) aqueous brake cleaning units; and (3) flammability issues;

C meeting with the Sacramento Valley Fire Marshals Association to discuss flammabilityissues;

C reviewing information provided to us by the sanitation districts on increasingconcentrations of Perc in the influent to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Additionally, a representative of the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles Countypresented this information during the May 1999 and January 2000 workshops; and,

C participating with the Institute for Research and Technical Assistance (IRTA) on visits toLos Angeles area AMR facilities conducting brake service and repair operations. Thesefacilities were participants in a study of alternative brake cleaning products and the visits

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provided technical information on the availability, cleaning effectiveness, and relativecost of non-aerosol brake cleaning products.

IV. POTENTIAL EMISSIONS AND HEALTH IMPACTS 1. How much Perc, MeCl, and TCE is emitted from AMR Activities?

Automotive consumer products are used in a variety of applications and industriesthroughout California. They are most commonly used in AMR activities at approximately25,000 AMR facilities in California (AMR facilities include service stations, fleets, generalautomotive repair shops, dedicated brake repair shops, and new and used car dealerships). Although brake repair and engine degreasing are common do-it-yourself activities, the vastmajority of Californians look to AMR facilities for their maintenance and repair needs. In thesefacilities, automotive consumer products are used to remove grease, grime, and dirt from avariety of automobile parts. Examples of applications include engine degreasing, the servicing ofcarburetors and throttle bodies, and brake service and repair operations. These commercialfacilities use both aerosol and liquid products (chlorinated and non-chlorinated) contained in avariety of delivery mechanisms.

Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from these products were estimated based oninformation collected from surveys and site visits to AMR facilities. The surveys conductedincluded the Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products (Manufacturer) Survey,the Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire (Facility Survey), and the 1997 Commercial andConsumer Products (Consumer Products) Survey. Additional information was collected from158 site visits to AMR facilities. Based on the survey data, over 8 million brake service andrepair operations (brake jobs) are performed in California each year. Table 1 summarizes theestimated statewide emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the four automotive consumerproduct categories.

Table 1. Statewide Emission Estimates fromAutomotive Consumer Products1

Compound Emissions [tons/day]

Perc 4.2

MeCl 0.7

TCE 0.3

Total 5.2

1. Source: 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey.

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2. What are the potential health effects associated with exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE?

Exposure to Perc, MeCl, or TCE may result in both cancer and non-cancer (acute andchronic) health effects to off-site receptors and on-site workers. The primary route of humanexposure for these compounds is inhalation. Non-cancer effects from exposure to Perc includeheadache, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and liver and kidney damage. Non-cancer effects fromexposure to MeCl include cardiac arrhythmia and loss of consciousness. Non-cancer effectsfrom exposure to TCE include headache, nausea, tremors, and respiratory irritation. Thesehealth effects may also result from exposures that occur within the workplace for all threecompounds. A more detailed discussion of health effects is presented in Chapter VI of the TSD.

3. How were the potential health impacts from AMR facilities assessed?

Air dispersion models and pollutant-specific health effects values were used to estimatethe potential health impacts from AMR facilities. Information required for the air dispersionmodel includes emission estimates, physical descriptions of the source, and emission releaseparameters. Combining estimated concentrations from the air dispersion model with thepollutant-specific health values provides an estimate of the off-site potential cancer andnon-cancer health impacts from the emissions of a TAC. The risk assessment methodologiesused in assessing potential health impacts were consistent with the California Air PollutionControl Officers Association (CAPCOA) risk assessment guidelines. Additionally, thepollutant-specific health effects values have been approved by the ARB and the Office ofEnvironmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) and the air dispersion models have beenapproved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Furthermore, theair dispersion models have been recommended by ARB for use in risk assessments. Healtheffects values are summarized in Chapter VI of the TSD.

4. What are the potential health impacts to individuals from exposure to AMR activitiesusing products containing Perc, MeCl, or TCE?

To assess potential health impacts, ARB staff conducted individual health riskassessments for 54 specific AMR facilities and three generic facilities. These specific andgeneric facilities represent a broad range of AMR facilities and allow for the reasonableapproximation of potential health impacts statewide. The risk assessments were based onPerc-containing brake cleaners using source characteristic information collected during the sitevisits. Forty-one of the specific facilities were modeled using a screening air dispersion modeland the remaining 13 specific facilities were evaluated using a refined air dispersion model. Potential cancer risk in the screening assessments were as high as 50 chances in a million at thenear-source location (a near-source location is defined as a minimum modeled distance of20 meters from the center of the facility) and as high as 60 chances in a million with the refinedmodel. Potential non-cancer acute and chronic hazard indices were both less than one. Generally, hazard indices less than one are not considered to be a concern to public health.

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The generic facility analysis was developed to estimate potential health impacts at avariety of facilities. Potential cancer risk at the generic facilities was as high as 110 chances permillion at the near-source location. The modeling results and hazard index estimates show that itis unlikely for significant acute or chronic off-site non-cancer health effects to result from theemissions of Perc-based brake cleaners. Both the chronic and acute hazard indices are less thanone at the minimum modeled distance. As previously mentioned, hazard indices less than oneare not considered to be a concern to public health.

Additional modeling analyses performed for brake cleaners formulated to contain MeCland/or TCE, and for carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasersformulated to contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE indicates that these products would also pose potentialadverse health impacts. A more detailed discussion of health impacts is presented in Chapter VIof the TSD.

V. SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASURE

1. What would the proposed ATCM require?

The proposed ATCM requires that automotive consumer products (aerosol and liquidbrake cleaners, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers)manufactured after December 31, 2002 for sale or use in California not to contain Perc, MeCl, orTCE. It would also require that automotive consumer products manufactured on or beforeDecember 31, 2002 not be sold in California after June 30, 2004 if they contain Perc, MeCl, orTCE. The proposed ATCM accounts for the detection limits of the prescribed test method byproviding that a product is considered to contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE if it has one percent ormore (by weight) of any of the three compounds Perc, MeCl, or TCE (either alone or incombination). This provision also addresses the issue of inadvertent contamination that mayoccur when manufacturers convert a production line from one product formulation to another. Table 2 summarizes the requirements of the proposed ATCM.

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Table 2. Requirements of the Proposed ATCM

Applicability Exemptions Requirements

Applies to any person who sells,supplies, offers for sale, ormanufactures automotive consumerproducts (aerosol and liquid brakecleaners, carburetor cleaners,engine degreasers, and generalpurpose degreasers) for use inCalifornia.

Applies to the owner or operator ofany AMR facility that usesautomotive consumer products inCalifornia.

Does not apply to any automotiveconsumer product manufactured inCalifornia for shipment and useoutside of California.

Does not apply to any manufactureror distributor who sells, supplies, oroffers for sale an automotiveconsumer product intended forshipment and use outside ofCalifornia.

Effective December 31, 2002:Automotive consumer productsmanufactured after this date for saleor use in California cannot containPerc, MeCl, or TCE.

Effective June 30, 2004:After this date, automotiveconsumer products manufacturedon or before December 31, 2002that contain Perc, MeCl, or TCEcan not be sold or distributed foruse in California.

Effective June 30, 2005:After this date, AMR facilities cannot use automotive consumerproducts that contain Perc, MeCl,or TCE.

2. What is the basis for the proposed ATCM?

The proposed ATCM is based on staff’s evaluation of best available control technology(BACT), in consideration of alternative products and processes. In evaluating BACT,information from surveys, site visits, third-party studies, and brake parts manufacturers wasanalyzed to determine that:

C brake cleaners, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers areoften used interchangeably;

C Perc, MeCl, and TCE are suitable and readily available replacements for each other;C the removal of Perc alone could result in significantly increased emissions of MeCl and

TCE with an associated increase in exposure to these TACs;C non-chlorinated products are currently used at nearly two-thirds of AMR facilities;C alternative products that use non-chlorinated formulations and alternative processes such

as aqueous-based portable brake cleaning units and parts washers are currently in use(62 to 90 percent of automotive consumer products are non-chlorinated and 60 percent ofAMR facilities use aqueous-based processes);

C most manufacturers market both chlorinated and non-chlorinated aerosol and bulk liquidproducts and claim that both are suitable and effective;

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C alternative products and processes are effective in cleaning and degreasing based onclaims that manufacturers make on the product labels of non-chlorinated products and ontheir websites;

C a recently conducted study for the U.S. EPA demonstrated that aqueous-based portablebrake cleaning units are effective and less costly than chlorinated products;

C based on the Facility Survey, brake jobs performed with VOCs used less product thanbrake jobs performed with Perc, MeCl, or TCE; and,

C discussions with a variety of facility operators and mechanics indicate that alternativeproducts, including non-chlorinated aerosols and bulk liquids, are suitable and effectivecleaning products.

As a result, staff considers the proposed ATCM to be technically feasible, providing facilityoperators and other users with safe, effective, and less-hazardous products.

3. What alternatives to the proposed ATCM did staff consider?

HSC section 39665 requires the ARB to consider and evaluate alternatives to the proposedATCM. Staff identified three alternatives to the proposed control measure: workplace practices,a chlorinated compound limit, and a chlorinated compound phase-out. Each of the threealternatives were evaluated addressing applicability, effectiveness, enforceability, andcost/resource requirements. We determined that these alternatives would not be as effective atreducing emissions of and exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE from AMR activities as the proposedcontrol measure. Furthermore, the three alternatives did not meet the HSC section 39666 criterionto reduce emissions to the lowest level achievable through the application of BACT inconsideration of cost, risk, and environmental impacts.

VI. POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXICCONTROL MEASURE

1. How would the proposed ATCM reduce the risk to public health?

The proposed ATCM removes Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotive consumer products. As a result, the emission and health impact (i.e., potential cancer risk) reduction benefits arenearly 100 percent. Potential cancer risk from AMR facilities that use automotive consumerproducts that contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE will be reduced to essentially zero.

2. What are the potential adverse health impacts from an increased use of VOCs and otherTACs?

With the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE, we expect that many users will look toVOC-based automotive consumer products, thereby increasing the use of VOCs. Appendix G ofthe TSD contains a listing of the compounds used these products based on the Facility Survey.

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No adverse health impacts from the compounds on this list (other than Perc, MeCl, and TCE) areexpected. The apparent use of benzene (which is a TAC as well as a VOC) was a concern forstaff; however, upon further investigation, staff learned that it was only used by one manufacturer(in one product) at concentrations less than two percent. Staff intends to monitor the usage ofother TACs and will propose amendments to the ATCM if appropriate. Additionally,manufacturers will be advised to not use identified TACs in their product formulations.

3. How would the proposed ATCM affect workplace exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE?

The proposed ATCM will remove Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotive consumerproducts. As a result, worker exposure from products that contain these compounds will beeliminated.

VII. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROLMEASURE

1. What are the expected economic impacts of the proposed ATCM on businesses?

No significant economic impacts are expected from the proposed ATCM. Automotiveconsumer products are manufactured or marketed by 60 companies nationwide, with ten based inCalifornia. The California-based companies account for nine percent of chlorinated TAC andVOC products manufactured or marketed in the State. Most manufacturers already have at leastone non-chlorinated VOC product on the market that meets the requirements of the proposedATCM, and, therefore, are not expected to incur additional costs. Those companies that do notcurrently have non-chlorinated VOC products and choose to formulate one are expected to be ableto absorb the cost of reformulation with no adverse impacts on their profitability.

The analysis has shown that the raw materials costs for chlorinated TAC products aregreater than the raw materials costs for VOC products. As a result, it should be less costly tomanufacture non-chlorinated VOC products as opposed to products that contain Perc, MeCl, orTCE. However, there are no noticeable differences between the market prices for chlorinatedTAC and VOC products. Therefore, no economic impact on the consumer is expected.

The proposed ATCM will primarily impact manufacturers and marketers (companieswhich outsource the manufacturing of their products). As a result, we do not expect a noticeablechange in employment; business creation, elimination or expansion; and business competitivenessin California.

2. Will the proposed amendments be cost-effective?

Based on our analyses, we estimate that the cost-effectiveness of the proposed ATCMranges from essentially no cost to a high of about $0.23 per pound of Perc, MeCl, and TCE

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reduced. The estimated average cost-effectiveness weighted by emissions reductions across allcategories is about $0.03 per pound of Perc, MeCl, and TCE reduced. To evaluate the relativeimpact and effectiveness of the proposed ATCM based on health impact reduction benefits, wecalculated the cost per cancer case avoided. The estimated average cost-effectiveness per cancercase avoided is $26,000 with a range of approximately $1,400 to $111,000. The ranges for poundof TAC reduced and cancer cases avoided are significantly less than previously approved ATCMs. In previously approved ATCMs, these amounts have generally fallen within an overall range of$0.64 to $1.77 (adjusted to 1999 dollars) per pound of Perc reduced (1993 Perchloroethylene DryCleaning Operations ATCM, title 17, CCR, section 93109) and $6,600 to $18.6 million (adjustedto 1999 dollars) per cancer case avoided (1992 Non-Ferrous Metal Melting ATCM, title 17, CCR,section 93107).

3. Will consumers have to pay more for consumer products subject to the proposed ATCM?

Consumers may have to pay more for some products subject to the proposed ATCM,depending on the extent to which manufacturers are able to pass along their costs to consumers. Ifall the costs of the proposed ATCM are passed along to consumers, the change in cost per unitwould range from no cost to a cost increase of $0.09 per unit, depending on the product category. The average cost per unit, is estimated to be about $0.02. For comparison purposes, this is thesame unit sales-weighted average cost increase that was estimated for the October 1999amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXICCONTROL MEASURE

1. What are the expected environmental benefits of the proposed ATCM?

The main environmental benefit of the proposed ATCM is the reduction of 5.2 tons perday (tpd) of Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions in California. Approximately 2.6 tpd of thisreduction is expected to occur in the South Coast Air Basin. The proposed ATCM will also affect(positively) wastewater treatment, hazardous waste disposal as well as reduce the potential for theformation of phosgene, thereby extending a greater level of worker and public health protectionfrom these areas.

Currently, many wastewater treatment plants do not have the equipment necessary toprocess industrial wastes such as chlorinated solvents. These solvents have been detected atelevated levels at these same plants and have been linked to increased influent concentrations ofPerc at four wastewater treatment plants. The influent concentrations of Perc have been highenough to potentially cause violations of the plants’ discharge limit of 5 micrograms per liter(µg/L).

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Chlorinated automotive consumer products are generally classified as hazardous wastebecause they contain substances which are listed as toxic substances. Spent baths (as well asother waste disposal containers) contaminated with chlorinated compounds are typically morecostly to have removed from the facility and typically do not meet discharge standards set bypublicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) and sanitation districts.

The removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from these products should lead to a reduction in theamount of chlorinated solvents reaching the storm drains and the wastewater treatment plants. Itwill also minimize the possibility of chlorinated solvents contaminating aqueous baths, waste oilcontainers, and hazardous waste disposal drums thereby significantly reducing hazardous wastecontamination and disposal costs. Additionally, the proposed ATCM is expected to have anegligible impact on global warming, will reduce workplace exposure from emissions of Perc,MeCl, and TCE, and will minimize the potential for phosgene formation (more information onthese benefits can be found in Chapter X of the TSD).

2. Are there any potential negative environmental impacts?

The October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation are expected toobtain a reduction of approximately 3.3 tpd in VOC emissions from automotive consumerproducts. However, the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE as formulation options in the proposedATCM will adversely impact the reduction in VOC emissions that otherwise would have beenrealized. The removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE will reduce emissions of these TACs byapproximately 5.2 tpd. If we assume a worse case scenario where all current users of chlorinatedproducts switch to non-chlorinated, VOC-based products with Perc, MeCl, and TCE replaced withVOC compounds (irrespective of any current VOC-based formulation limits), then the theoreticalincrease in statewide VOC emissions would be approximately 5.2 tpd. However, beginningJanuary 1, 2002, the VOC-content of automotive consumer products is subject to VOC-contentlimits as specified in the October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation. As aresult of these technically-feasible limits, post-ATCM VOC emissions would increase by no morethan 2.3 tpd statewide. However, ARB staff expects that some users of chlorinated automotiveconsumer products will choose to consider other non-chlorinated alternatives (such asaqueous-based portable brake cleaning units and parts washers) and not switch exclusively tonon-chlorinated VOC products. If this occurs, the increase in VOC emissions related to theproposed ATCM would be less than 2.3 tpd statewide. When total VOC emission reductionsfrom both the October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation and the proposedATCM are considered, statewide VOC emissions from the four automotive consumer productcategories will be reduced by at least one ton per day.

3. What are the impacts on the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for Ozone?

The proposed ATCM decreases the potential VOC reductions that will be obtained by theOctober 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation while achieving substantialreductions in emissions of chlorinated TACs. Perc was considered a VOC in the 1994 ozone SIP

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inventory; therefore, substituting non-chlorinated VOC-based products to replace Perc will haveno impact on the 1994 SIP (which covers Ventura County, the Sacramento Metropolitan area, theSan Joaquin Valley, San Diego County, and the Southeast Desert). In the context of the 1994 SIP,substituting VOC-based products for MeCl will increase VOC emissions by approximately0.1 tpd in all the 1994 SIP areas combined.

The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) revised their federal ozoneplan in 1999, and the U.S. EPA has proposed to approve this plan. In the 1999 revision, Perc isnot considered a VOC. In the context of the 1999 revision, if VOC-based products are substitutedfor all the Perc and MeCl currently used in chlorinated products, we expect an increase ofapproximately one ton per day of VOC in the South Coast Air Basin. The ARB and theSCAQMD will address this shortfall in the next comprehensive revision of the South Coast ozoneSIP.

4. Are there any concerns about the potential flammability of automotive consumer products?

Industry groups representing product manufacturers raised the issue that AMR facilitiesneed to continue their usage of chlorinated aerosols, especially in areas where use may occur nearflame, heat, or other ignition sources. However, a search of statewide and national databases aswell as inquiries to fire departments and associations across the State were unable to locate anyreports of fires, injuries, or other incidents related to the use of non-chlorinated products in AMRfacilities. Additionally, the California State Fire Marshal’s office indicated that the combustion ofgasoline, such as from a leaking fuel line, poses a significantly greater flammability concern thanthe use of aerosols.

During the site visits, ARB staff observed brake service operations at one facility using aflammable, non-chlorinated aerosol product occurring in one service bay and welding operationsoccurring in another service bay. ARB staff also observed chlorinated products that were listedas flammable on the product label, which indicates that chlorinated products can also beflammable.

An additional 16 site visits were conducted to specifically investigate flammability issues. Only one facility reported an incident (non-injury) associated with the use of a flammable product. This facility, however, attributed the incident to a vehicle malfunction and continues to useflammable products almost exclusively. Additionally, none of the facilities visited indicated thatflammability concerns were a factor when making decisions on which products to buy (cost wasthe major factor). Instead, discussions with facility operators indicated that most facilitiesconsider all aerosol products flammable and use common safety precautions when using theseproducts. Therefore, we believe flammability is sufficiently addressed by the use of goodoperating practices on the part of facility owners, mechanics, and technicians. This belief is

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supported by the fact that most facilities already use a host of flammable products and thatnon-flammable alternatives such as aqueous-based portable brake cleaning units and water-basedaerosol products are readily available and in use.

IX. RECOMMENDATION

We recommend that the Board adopt the proposed regulation contained in Appendix A ofthe TSD. The proposed regulation would remove Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotiveconsumer products used in AMR activities. In recognition of the requirement to adopt bestavailable control technology when suitable alternatives are available, the proposed regulationwould prohibit manufacturers from selling brake cleaners, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers,and general purpose degreasers that contained Perc, MeCl, or TCE in California. Sincenon-chlorinated VOC-based products in these four categories predominate, alternative productsare considered to be technically feasible and available. Additionally, effective non-aerosolproducts are also readily available. The proposed regulation would also prohibit facility ownersor operators from using products containing Perc, MeCl, and TCE for AMR activities. Benefitsfrom the proposed regulation include nearly 100 percent reductions in emissions, exposure, andrisk from Perc, MeCl, and TCE-containing brake cleaners, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers,and general purpose degreasers. Additional benefits include reduced waste water and hazardouswaste contamination, and reduced workplace exposure.




Volume II:Technical Support Document

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

The compounds perchloroethylene (Perc), methylene chloride (MeCl), andtrichloroethylene (TCE) are found in automotive consumer products commonly used inautomotive maintenance and repair activities (AMR activities). The Air Resources Board (ARBor Board) has identified these compounds as toxic air contaminants (TACs) under California’sToxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program.

Once the compounds Perc, MeCl, and TCE were identified as TACs, the ARB wasrequired under the Toxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program to: (1) prepare areport on the need and appropriate degree of regulation for the compounds, and (2) adoptregulations to reduce emissions of the compounds. These regulations are called airborne toxiccontrol measures (ATCMs) or control measures. In this report, we use the terms regulation,control measure, and ATCM interchangeably. State law requires that such control measures forTACs without a Board-specified threshold exposure level be based on the best available controltechnology or a more effective control method in consideration of cost and risk.

This volume of the Initial Statement of Reasons for the Proposed Airborne Toxic ControlMeasure for Emissions of Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminants from Automotive Maintenanceand Repair Activities, presents information on the toxic air contaminant identification andcontrol process, the report preparation process, and previous identification and control(regulatory) activities for Perc, MeCl, and TCE. It also presents information on consumerproduct regulatory activities. It then presents compound-specific physical characteristics andinformation on sources and ambient concentrations. That is followed by a discussion of typicalautomotive maintenance and repair activities, exposure, and health effects for these threecompounds. Finally, this volume presents the proposed control measure, and its health,economic, and environmental impacts. B. Purpose

At its November 21, 1996, hearing, the Board adopted amendments to exempt Perc fromthe volatile organic compound (VOC) definition in California’s Regulation for Reducing VOCEmissions from Consumer Products (Consumer Products Regulation; section 94521, title 17,California Code of Regulations). This action allowed manufacturers to reformulate consumerproducts with Perc to meet the VOC limits of the Consumer Products Regulation.

During the hearing, the Board expressed concerns about the potential for an increase inthe use of Perc in consumer products, and the possible health impacts that might result. Therefore, the Board directed the ARB staff to conduct an assessment under the State’s toxic aircontaminant control program of the need to control Perc use in consumer products. At the

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hearing, automotive consumer products, and specifically brake cleaning products, were identifiedas the consumer products category most likely to contain, or be reformulated to contain, Perc. Consequently, staff initially evaluated Perc use in brake cleaning products. The preliminaryresults of this initial assessment were discussed in the Perchloroethylene Needs Assessment forAutomotive Consumer Products: Status Report released in June 1997 (June 1997 Status Report)and presented to the Board at its June 26, 1997, meeting. An additional update on theassessment, incorporating additional data and analyses, was provided to the Board in a May 1998Memorandum. These documents indicated that, based on the available information, an ATCMshould be developed to reduce Perc emissions from brake cleaning products. Later, as a result ofpreliminary information raising concerns about compound and product interchangeability, staffextended the evaluation to include the use of Perc, MeCl and TCE, not only in brake cleaningproducts, but also in carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers.

This report presents the information evaluated by the ARB staff, including: (1) analysesof two surveys of automotive consumer products manufacturers and AMR facility operators; (2)site visits to AMR facilities; and (3) chlorinated compound emissions and potential healthimpacts. It then discusses the recommended control measure and its impacts.

C. Regulatory Authority

The California Toxic Air Contaminant Identification and Control Program (Program),established under California law by Assembly Bill 1807 (Chapter 1047, Statutes of 1983) and setforth in Health and Safety Code (HSC) sections 39650 through 39675, is designed to protectpublic health by reducing emissions of TACs. This law mandates the identification and controlof air toxics in California and complements the State’s criteria air pollutant program. Theidentification phase of the Program requires the ARB, with the participation of other stateagencies, to evaluate the health impacts of, and exposure to, substances and to identify thosesubstances which pose the greatest health threat as TACs. ARB’s evaluation is made available tothe public and is formally reviewed by the Scientific Review Panel (SRP) established under HSCsection 39670. Following ARB’s evaluation and the SRP’s review, the Board identified MeCl,TCE, and Perc as TACs at its July 1989, October 1990, and October 1991 Board hearings,respectively. In each case, the Board determined there was not sufficient available scientificevidence to support the identification of a threshold exposure level (ARB, 1989; ARB, 1990a;ARB, 1991a).

A threshold level can be defined as a level of pollutant exposure below which no adversehealth effects are likely to occur. In their evaluations of Perc, MeCl, and TCE, staff from theCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Environmental Health HazardAssessment (OEHHA) recommended that Perc, MeCl, and TCE be treated as having nothreshold exposure level because: (1) all three compounds are potential human carcinogens, and(2) currently, there is insufficient evidence available to designate an exposure level below whichno significant adverse health impacts are anticipated.

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Following the identification of a substance as a TAC, HSC section 39665 requires theARB, with participation of the air pollution control and air quality management districts(districts), and in consultation with affected sources and interested parties, to prepare a report onthe need and appropriate degree of regulation for that substance. A needs assessment for Percwas conducted from 1991 to 1993 as part of the ARB’s development of the ATCM for Emissionsof Perchloroethylene from Dry Cleaning Operations (Dry Cleaning ATCM), August 1993(title 17, California Code of Regulations, sections 93109 and 93110). During that assessment,the ARB staff determined that dry cleaning operations and solvent degreasing operationsaccounted for about 80 percent of the Perc use in California (ARB, 1993a). Therefore, stafffocused their attention on dry cleaning and degreasing uses of Perc first and is now addressingother uses of Perc. This Initial Statement of Reasons serves as the report on the need andappropriate degree of regulation for MeCl and TCE.

It is important to note that the proposed ATCM is not a consumer products regulation. Consumer products regulations are developed under authority granted to the ARB by theCalifornia Clean Air Act (1998), and specifically Health and Safety Code section 41712. HSC section 41712 requires the ARB to adopt regulations to achieve the maximum feasiblereduction in reactive organic compounds (ROCs) emitted by consumer products (note: ROC isequivalent to VOC). As discussed previously, we are proposing this ATCM under the authoritygranted to the ARB by Assembly Bill 1807 (The Toxic Air Contaminant Identification andControl Program) as codified in HSC sections 39650 through 39675.

However, since the automotive consumer products industry has previously been subject toregulations developed under ARB’s Consumer Products Program, we have used the phrase“consumer products” and definitions similar to those in ARB’s consumer products regulations inan attempt to make our ISOR more familiar and comprehensible to consumer productsmanufacturers, AMR facility operators, and others who may use these products.

D. Regulatory Activities

1. Airborne Toxic Control Measures

Once the ARB has evaluated the need and appropriate degree of regulation for a TAC, State law (HSC section 39666) requires the ARB to adopt regulations to reduce emissions of theTAC to the maximum extent feasible in consideration of cost, risk and other factors specified inHSC section 39665. To date, the ARB has developed nine ATCMs. The most recent, theATCM for Emissions of Perchloroethylene from Dry Cleaning Operations, August 1993 (title 17,California Code of Regulations, sections 93109 and 93110), was expected to result in a 78percent reduction in statewide Perc emissions from dry cleaning operations when it was fullyimplemented in 1998.

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2. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

In the federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, the United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (U.S. EPA) identified Perc, MeCl, and TCE as hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) because they were either known to have or may have adverse effects on human health orthe environment. Health and Safety Code section 39658 (b) requires the Board to designatefederal HAPs as TACs, and the Board did so in 1993 (AB 2728, Tanner). Therefore, Perc, MeCl,and TCE are TACs both because they have been identified by the Board through the Toxic AirContaminant Identification and Control Program and because they are HAPs (ARB, 1993b).

In December 1994, the U.S. EPA promulgated the National Emission Standard forHazardous Air Pollutants: Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (the Degreasing NESHAP) to addressemissions of halogenated solvents, including Perc, MeCl, and TCE from degreasing operations(40 CFR Parts 9 and 63). Under HSC section 39658 (b), which provides that U.S. EPANESHAPs are also ATCMs under certain circumstances, the Degreasing NESHAP is the StateATCM for degreasing operations; therefore, under HSC section 39666 (d) it must beimplemented and enforced by the districts, unless the districts seek and receive approval from theU.S. EPA to implement an alternative control measure. Sources subject to the DegreasingNESHAP were required to comply with the regulation beginning on December 2, 1997.

3. “Hot Spots”

In November 1997, ARB staff published the Risk Reduction Audits and Plans Guidelinesfor Halogenated Solvents Degreasing Operations to assist facilities that have been identified bythe districts as significant risk facilities requiring risk reduction audits and plans under AssemblyBill 2588 (the Air Toxics “Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act) and Senate Bill 1731 asset forth in HSC sections 44300 to 44394. This guideline document contains a self-conductedaudit and checklist which helps facility operators determine possible options to reduce thepotential risk posed by a facility’s degreasing operations.

Automotive maintenance and repair facilities may be subject to the “Hot Spots” Programif: (1) they use substances that are included on the Air Toxic Hot Spot Program list ofsubstances required by HSC section 44321, and (2) those substances are used in sufficientquantities to make the facility type subject. However, AMR facilities are not required tocomplete emission inventory plans or to submit these plans to the districts because they are notincluded as a specific facility type in Appendix E of the Emission Inventory Criteria andGuidelines (ARB, 1997e). Although retail gasoline service stations are currently subject to the“Hot Spots” Program, the districts typically require the reporting of only the toxic emissionsfrom gasoline dispensing operations, even if other operations such as brake cleaning operationsare occurring at the service station. However, the districts have the authority to evaluate anindividual facility under the “Hot Spots” Program and require the facility to comply with the

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“Hot Spots” Program if they have good cause to believe that the facility may pose a potentialthreat to public health.

4. Consumer Products

The Board not only has the authority to develop control measures to reduce emissions ofTACs, it also has the authority to develop regulations to reduce emissions of criteria pollutantssuch as ozone. This section provides a brief background on the ARB’s authority to regulateconsumer products, followed by information on consumer product regulatory activities.

In 1988, the Legislature enacted the California Clean Air Act (Act), which declared thatattainment of the California state ambient air quality standards is necessary to promote andprotect public health, particularly that of children, older people, and individuals with respiratorydiseases. The Legislature also directed that these standards be attained by the earliest practicabledate. California adopted an ambient air quality standard for ozone in 1988. Strategies to reduceambient ozone concentrations include decreasing emissions of reactive organic compounds(ROCs), also known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The Act added HSC section 41712 requiring the ARB to adopt regulations to achieve themaximum feasible reduction in VOCs emitted by consumer products. To date, the Board hasadopted the following six regulatory actions to fulfill the requirements of the Act as it pertains toconsumer products:

C the Antiperspirant and Deodorant Regulation was approved in November 1989, andrequired a reduction in VOC emissions from antiperspirants and deodorants;

C the “Phase I, II, and III” Consumer Products Regulations, and the MidtermMeasures II Regulation, were approved in October 1990, January 1992, July 1997,and October 1999, respectively, and required a reduction in VOC emissions fromover 40 different consumer products categories; and

C the Aerosol Coatings Regulation was approved in March 1995, and requiredemissions reductions from 35 categories of aerosol paints and related coatingproducts. In November 1998, the Board adopted revisions to many of the futureeffective VOC limits in the aerosol coatings regulation after a review of theirtechnological and commercial feasibility.

Relevant to this proposal, the aerosol coatings regulation essentially prohibits “new orincreased uses” of Perc. The aerosol coatings regulation allows Perc-containing aerosol coatingsto be sold or used in California if they were sold in the State in 1992 and either complied with thestandards of the aerosol coatings regulation or could be reformulated to comply with thestandards without increasing the Perc content. Perc-containing aerosol coatings that were notsold or used in California in 1992, or those that could not be reformulated to comply with thestandards of the aerosol coatings regulation without increasing the Perc content, are not allowed(ARB, 1995).

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II. PUBLIC OUTREACH AND REPORT PREPARATION

A. Outreach Efforts

Outreach and public participation are important components of ARB’s needs assessmentand report preparation process. For this assessment, we developed an outreach program toinvolve consumer products manufacturers and their associations, AMR facility operators andtheir associations, national, state and local regulatory agencies, environmental/pollutionprevention and public health advocates, and other interested parties. Through these efforts, wehave been able to obtain detailed information on the use and emissions of chlorinated automotiveconsumer products. Additionally, these entities participated in the development and review ofthe necessary surveys and draft reports, conference calls, working group meetings, andworkshops. They also have had a forum to address their concerns.

As part of our outreach program, we have made extensive personal contacts with industryand facility representatives as well as other affected parties through meetings, telephone calls,and mail-outs. Activities included:

C the formation of a Perc Needs Assessment working group;C seven conference calls with the working group to discuss our activities;C more than 500 telephone conversations with the working group and facility

operators;C mailing or faxing working group agendas, minutes, draft surveys, survey analyses,

draft and final status reports to over 80 people;C mailing workshop notices to a mailing list of over 6,000 people;C mailing the Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products Survey to

37 manufacturers and 23 other interested parties (including associations);C mailing the Automotive Repair Facility Survey to 25,000 facilities;C conducting eight meetings and four workshops;C visiting 137 AMR facilities to gather information on the process and amount of

brake cleaning products used, building dimensions, and receptor locations;C visiting five additional AMR facilities to gather information on aqueous brake

cleaning units; andC visiting 16 additional AMR facilities and meeting with the Sacramento Valley

Fire Marshals Association to discuss flammability issues.

B. Public Involvement

As described below, affected industries, other government agencies, and organizationsinterested in minimizing chlorinated solvent use have been involved in this assessment from thebeginning. To increase the general public’s participation in this assessment, we have made

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information available via the ARB’s Internet web site (http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/acp.htm),and have conducted four public workshops.

1. Industry Involvement

Automotive consumer products manufacturers and brake service industry representativeshave actively participated in the assessment process, providing technical information, commentsand suggestions during the development of surveys, and comments on findings. Industryinvolvement in the process has also included:

C more than 250 telephone conversations with ARB staff;C the return of 22 of 37 Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products

Surveys representing about 90 percent of California product sales;C participation of 18 workgroup representatives to review survey and risk

assessment results; andC participation in all needs assessment conference calls and workshops.

2. Government Agency Involvement

Other local, state, and federal agencies with an interest in potential emissions of, orsoil/groundwater contamination by, Perc, MeCl, and TCE have been involved in the assessmentprocess to promote statewide consistency in addressing public health concerns and provide amulti-media perspective. These agencies include: air and sanitation districts, the CaliforniaDepartment of Industrial Relations/Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA), theCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency’s (Cal/EPA’s) Office of Environmental HealthHazard Assessment (OEHHA), Cal/EPA’s Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC),and the U.S. EPA.

We have apprized the air districts of our activities through the California Air PollutionControl Officers Association’s (CAPCOA) Toxics Committee, and have also requestedinformation that they may have on the brake cleaning process and how districts regulate theAMR industry. This work has included telephone calls to the districts and presentations to theCAPCOA Toxics Committee.

We have reviewed information provided to us by the sanitation districts on increasingconcentrations of Perc in the influent to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Additionally, a representative of the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County haspresented this information during the May 1999 and January 2000 workshops (CSDLA, 1999b).

We have also requested information that other agencies may have on chlorinated solventcleaning and pollution prevention case studies. Both the U.S. EPA and DTSC have publishedpollution prevention guides for the automotive maintenance and repair industry that werereviewed in the preparation of this report.

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3. Private Organization Involvement

Two private organizations have also been involved in the assessment process. TheInstitute for Research and Technical Assistance (IRTA) recently partnered with the U.S. EPA(the study’s sponsor), DTSC, and the South Coast Air Quality Management District to conduct astudy of the effectiveness of aqueous brake cleaning units. IRTA is a non-profit organization thatassists industries, primarily small businesses, in reducing or eliminating their use of ozonedepleting substances and chlorinated solvents through demonstration and evaluation of newtechnologies, solvent substitutes, and process modifications. IRTA invited ARB staff to jointhem in visits to Los Angeles area automotive repair facilities conducting brake serviceoperations. These facilities were participants in a study of alternative brake cleaning products. IRTA has provided technical information on the availability, cleaning effectiveness, and relativecost of non-aerosol brake cleaning products.

Tri-TAC, a technical advisory committee sponsored by the League of California Cities,the California Association of Sanitation Agencies, and the California Water EnvironmentAssociation presented information about the amount of chlorinated solvents reaching POTWs,and has participated in the development of the proposed ATCM.

C. Data Collection Tools to Assist in Report Preparation

ARB staff developed three surveys to gather Perc usage and emissions data for use in thisassessment: the Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products Survey (ManufacturerSurvey), the Automotive Repair Facility Questionnaire (Facility Survey), and theBrake/Automotive Repair Facility Survey for site visits (Site Visit Survey). Additionally,information from the 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey (Consumer ProductsSurvey) was also used.

1. The Manufacturer Survey

The Manufacturer Survey was developed to gather current sales and formulation data forboth chlorinated and non-chlorinated brake cleaning products from manufacturers. It alsorequested information on future formulation trends that could increase the Perc content of brakecleaning products and other automotive consumer products.

2. The Facility Survey

The Facility Survey was developed to estimate the number of facilities performing brakerepair operations, the number of brake jobs performed, and the type and quantity of bulk liquid oraerosol product used.

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3. The Site Visit Survey

The Site Visit Survey was developed to gather AMR facility process information andsource characteristic information. Process information includes items such as the number ofbrake jobs performed per day and the amount and types of solvent used in the process. Processinformation was used to estimate facility emissions. Source characteristic information includesbuilding dimensions and the location of the residential and off-site worker receptors, and is used,in conjunction with facility emissions and an air dispersion model, to assess potential healthimpacts from a given facility.

4. The Consumer Products Survey

The Consumer Products Survey contains sales and formulation data for all consumerproducts sold in California, including the four automotive consumer product categories addressdby the proposed ATCM. This survey was conducted in conjunction with the Consumer Productsregulations.

1The CAS Registry Number or CAS number is a unique accession number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, a

division of the American Chemical Society. Other than being guaranteed unique to a given compound, this number has no particular meaning. CASRegistry Numbers are assigned to every uniquely-identifiable substance.

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III. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, SOURCES, AND AMBIENTCONCENTRATIONS OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE , METHYLENECHLORIDE, AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE

This chapter summarizes the readily-available information on physical properties, sourcesand emissions, ambient concentrations, indoor sources and concentrations, atmosphericpersistence, and Air Toxics “Hot Spots” (AB 2588) risk assessment information for Perc, MeCl,and TCE. The information comes from ARB’s 1997 reference report, Toxic Air ContaminantIdentification List – Summaries unless otherwise noted (ARB, 1997b). This chapter alsodiscusses the presence of these compounds in other environmental media as it was presented inthe technical support documents for either the proposed identification of the compound as a toxicair contaminant (MeCl and TCE), or the proposed ATCM (Perc).

A. Perchloroethylene

1. Physical Properties of Perc

Perc is a volatile chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound containing a double bond. At room temperature, Perc is a non-flammable, colorless, dense liquid with an ethereal odor. Although relatively insoluble in water, it is miscible in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and benzene. Perc decomposes slowly in water to yield trichloroacetic and hydrochloric acids, and is oxidizedby strong oxidizing agents.

Physical Properties of PerchloroethyleneSynonyms: tetrachloroethylene; tetrachloroethene; 1,1,2,2-perchloroethylene; ethylene

tetrachloride; perc; PCE; Nema; Tetracap; Tetropil; Perclene; Ankilostin; Didakene

CAS Number1: 127-18-4Molecular Formula: C2Cl4

Molecular Weight: 165.85Boiling Point: 121 oC at 760 mm HgMelting Point: -22 oCVapor Pressure: 18.47 mm Hg at 25 oCVapor Density: 5.7 (air = 1)Density/Specific Gravity: 1.6230 at 20/4 oCLog Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: 3.40Conversion Factor: 1 ppb = 6.78 µg/m3

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2. Sources of Perc

Perc is used as a solvent primarily in dry cleaning operations. Perc is also used indegreasing operations, paints and coatings, adhesives, aerosols, specialty chemical production,printing inks, silicones, rug shampoos, and laboratory solvents.

There are no producers of Perc in California. The primary stationary sources that havereported emissions of Perc in California are dry cleaning plants, plating and polishing companies,and aircraft manufacturers (ARB, 1999a).

Perc was registered for use as a pesticide, however as of August 1, 1990, it is no longerregistered for pesticidal use in California.

3. Emissions of Perc

The reported emissions of Perc from stationary sources in California are estimated to beat least 4.5 million pounds per year, based on data reported under the Air Toxics “Hot Spots”Program (AB 2588) from database year 1998 (ARB, 1999a).

4. Natural Occurrence of Perc

Perc does not occur naturally in the environment.

5. Ambient Concentrations of Perc

Perc is routinely monitored in California by the statewide ARB air toxics network. TheARB’s ambient air monitoring network is designed to obtain ambient background, non-sourceinfluenced, concentration levels of air toxics from 21 ambient air toxic monitoring stationslocated statewide. According to ARB’s toxics database, the 1998 statewide averageconcentration for Perc is 0.11 parts per billion (ppb) or 0.77 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3).

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has compiled ambientconcentration data from Columbus, Ohio during 1989 with a mean concentration of 1.59 µg/m3,or 0.23 ppb, and the range varied from 0.21 to 40 µg/m3 or 0.03 to 5.90 ppb. They also reportedconcentrations of Perc from 13 study areas during 1989 to 1991. The overall range ofconcentrations from these areas were from 0.69 to 104 µg/m3 or 0.10 to 15.34 ppb with a meanconcentration of 3.6 µg/m3 or 0.53 ppb.

6. Indoor Sources and Concentrations of Perc

Volatilization from dry cleaned garments is probably the largest source of Perc in indoorair. Brake cleaners, water repellents, and fabric finishes are also important sources of Perc.

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Results from both indoor and personal monitoring in California homes indicate thatpeople are exposed frequently to Perc from indoor air. The level of exposure varies amonghomes because of the different numbers and types of emission sources present in individualhomes. In a large Southern California study, the 24-hour average concentrations for residentialindoor air ranged from 2.27 to 6.72 µg/m3 while concurrent outdoor concentrations ranged from1.74 to 4.41 µg/m3. Using personal nighttime sampling data to approximate indoor air exposure,the 12-hour average indoor nighttime concentrations ranged from 5.45 to 8.56 µg/m3 incomparison to the outdoor nighttime concentrations which ranged from 1.24 to 5.72 µg/m3.

The most recent California study was conducted in Woodland, California in the spring of1990. The average concentration of Perc of 124 indoor samples was 1.44 µg/m3. Mean indoorconcentrations from the Woodland study are approximately 2.7 times greater than the outdoormean concentration of 0.53 µg/m3 from the same study.

7. Atmospheric Persistence of Perc

The dominant tropospheric loss process for Perc is expected to be by reaction with thehydroxyl (OH) radical. The calculated half-life and lifetime for Perc due to gas-phase reactionwith the OH radical are 2 months and 3 months, respectively. Both nitrate radical and ozonechemical reaction removal processes are too long to compete with the OH radical reaction. Thereaction of the OH radical with Perc has been shown to generate chlorine atoms and that in theatmosphere the reaction forms phosgene and hydrogen chloride as well as other, as yetunidentified, products. Therefore, Perc is sufficiently persistent to be transported throughout anair basin before it is degraded.

8. Health Effects of Perc

See Chapter VI.C. for a discussion of the health effects of Perc.

9. AB 2588 Risk Assessment Information

The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) reviews riskassessments submitted under the Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program (AB 2588). Of the riskassessments reviewed as of April 1996, Perc was the major contributor to the overall cancer riskin 43 of the approximately 550 risk assessments reporting a total cancer risk equal to or greaterthan 1 in 1 million. Perc contributed to the total cancer risk in 79 of these risk assessments. Percalso was the major contributor to the overall cancer risk in 7 of the approximately 130 riskassessments reporting a total cancer risk equal to or greater than 10 in 1 million, and contributedto a total cancer risk in 34 of these risk assessments.

For non-cancer health effects, Perc contributed to the total hazard index in 35 of the approximately 89 risk assessments reporting a total chronic hazard index greater

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than 1, and presented an individual hazard index greater than 1 in 19 of these risk assessments. Perc also contributed to the total hazard index in 23 of the approximately 107 risk assessmentsreporting a total acute hazard index greater than 1, and presented an individual hazard indexgreater than 1 in 4 of these risk assessments.

10. Perc in the Environment (ARB, 1993a)

Besides the air, Perc is also found in water, soil, fatty foods, fish, and human blood. Thissection will discuss the presence of Perc in other environmental media.

a. Ground Water and Soil

Perc is a point-source ground water contaminant because of its widespread use andphysical characteristics. When waste water containing Perc is discharged into the sewer or Percis accidentally spilled onto the ground, it can migrate through the soil and into aquifers below. Perc is heavier than water. If discharged into the sewer, Perc can settle to the bottom of thesewer line and migrate through clay sewer pipe into the soil layers and groundwater aquifers. Perc in the sewer pipes can also volatilize to a gas and penetrate the sewer wall. The Perc canthen travel through the soil layers into the ground water.

If organic carbon is present in the subsurface materials, Perc can decompose underanaerobic conditions through “sequential reduction”. This means that one chlorine atom at atime is removed from the Perc molecule and is replaced with hydrogen atoms. Perc issequentially reduced to trichloroethene, then to cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and finally to ethene .

Perc can also be degraded by bacteria. There are several bacteria involved in thebiodegradation of Perc, such as Clostridium cadaveris, Clostridium limosium, gram positivecocci, large gram positive rods, and filaments. In the degradation process, the Perc molecule isslowly broken down into a hydrogenate compound, with chlorine released as chlorine ions.

b. Ocean

Concentrations of Perc in the ocean are used as an indication of the environmentalbackground concentration in surface waters. The average background concentrations of Perc inthe North Atlantic Ocean range from 0.1 to 0.5 ppt (parts per trillion).

c. Precipitation

Perc can be present in precipitation or rainwater. Rainwater collected in 1982 in the LosAngeles area contained 21 ppt of Perc. Perc levels in rainwater in La Jolla, and snow in south-central California, ranged from 1.4 to 5.7 ppt. Rainwater collected in Portland, Oregon had Perclevels that ranged from 0.82 to 9.2 ppt. Rainwater in England’s industrial cities contained Percconcentrations up to 150 ppt.

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d. Food

Food products have been found to contain Perc. It is believed that airborne Perc is theprimary contaminant mechanism for foods. Perc has been found in foods such as: dairy products(0.3 to 13 micrograms of Perc per kilogram of dairy product (µg/kg)); meat, oils, and fats (0.01 to7.0 µg/kg); beverages (2.0 to 3.0 µg/kg); fruits and vegetables (0.7 to 2.0 µg/kg); and fresh bread(1 µg/kg).

e. Fish

Several European studies have been conducted to determine if Perc accumulates in fish. Eel, cod, coalfish, dogfish, and bid from the Irish Sea were collected and analyzed. Fish tissueconcentrations were as high as 43 nanograms of Perc per gram of fish (ng/g) (dry weight). Fifteen species of fish off the coast of Great Britain were found to have Perc levels ranging frombetween 30 to 100 ng/g.

f. Perc Ingestion by Humans

A study in Japan was conducted to determine the Perc blood levels in individuals whoconsume well water contaminated with Perc. The Perc levels in the well water ranged from0.001 to 27 ppb. The study concluded that people who did not use well water for drinking orcooking had non-detectable Perc blood levels (detection limit was not reported). Those peoplewho consumed or used well water had Perc blood levels ranging from 0.9 to 5.1 micrograms ofPerc per liter of blood (µg/l).

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B. Methylene Chloride

1. Physical Properties of MeCl

MeCl is a volatile, nonflammable, colorless, liquid with a sweetish chloroform-like odor. It is slightly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, and dimethylformamide. In theabsence of moisture, at ordinary temperatures, MeCl is relatively stable. In dry air, MeCldecomposes at temperatures exceeding 120 oC. MeCl evaporates relatively quickly from water. Possible thermal breakdown products of MeCl include phosgene, chlorine, and hydrogenchloride.

Physical Properties of Methylene ChlorideSynonyms: dichloromethane; methylene dichloride; Freon 30; Aerothene NM; Somethine;

methylene bichloride

CAS Number: 75-09-2Molecular Formula: CH2Cl2

Molecular Weight: 84.94Boiling Point: 39.75 oC at 760 mm HgMelting Point: -95 oCVapor Pressure: 349 mm Hg at 20 oCVapor Density: 2.93 (air = 1)Density/Specific Gravity: 1.3255 at 20/4 oCLog Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: 1.30Conversion Factor: 1 ppm = 3.47 mg/m3

2. Sources and Emissions of MeCl

MeCl is used as a solvent, a blowing and cleaning agent in the manufacture ofpolyurethane foam and plastic fabrication, and in paint stripping operations. MeCl is also used insome aerosol consumer products, including aerosol paints, and automotive products. However,most consumer products manufacturers have already voluntarily phased out the use of MeCl. Inaddition, in the case of aerosol paints, the use will be restricted by a provision in ARB’sregulation, "Regulation for Reducing Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions fromAerosol Coating Products" adopted March 1995. MeCl is also found in textiles, paper, plastic,glass, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. For some categories, such as paint removers andaerosols, emissions from evaporation equal the amount used.

Paint removers account for the largest use of MeCl in California, where MeCl is theprimary ingredient in paint stripping formulations used for industrial, commercial, military, anddomestic applications.

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The primary stationary sources that have reported emissions of MeCl in California aremanufacturers of ophthalmic goods, manufacturers of plastic foam products, and manufacturersof motor vehicles and car bodies (ARB, 1999a).

MeCl was registered for use as a pesticide; however as of August 1, 1990, it is no longerregistered for pesticidal use in California.

3. Emissions of MeCl

The total emissions of MeCl from stationary sources in California are estimated to beapproximately 3.5 million pounds per year, based on data reported under the Air Toxics“Hot Spots” Program (AB 2588) from data base year 1998 (ARB, 1999a).

4. Natural Occurrence of MeCl

MeCl does not occur naturally in the environment.

5. Ambient Concentrations of MeCl

MeCl is routinely monitored in California by the statewide ARB air toxics network. TheARB’s ambient air monitoring network is designed to obtain ambient backgound, non-sourceinfluenced, concentration levels of air toxics from 21 ambient air toxic monitoring stationslocated statewide. According to ARB’s toxics database, the 1998 statewide averageconcentration for MeCl is 0.62 parts per billion (ppb) or 2.15 micrograms per cubic meter(µg/m3).

The U.S. EPA has also reported concentrations of MeCl from 13 study areas during 1989to 1991. The overall range of concentrations from these areas were from 0.28 to 492 µg/m3

(0.08 to 140.57 ppb) with an overall mean concentration of 5.6 µg/m3 (1.6 ppb).

6. Indoor Sources and Concentrations of MeCl

Because MeCl is a constituent in many consumer products, short-term indoor concentrations may be several orders of magnitude higher than ambient concentrations. Results from a chamber study where a paint stripper was being used resulted in breathing zoneexposures up to 2,000 parts per million (ppm) averaged over one hour with peak breathing zoneconcentrations of up to 33,000 ppm. Inhalation of MeCl from the indoor environment isexpected to vary depending on the degree and manner of use of products containing MeCl.

Data on indoor concentrations of MeCl are extremely limited. During June of 1990,125 households in Woodland, California were monitored for a variety of toxic air contaminants. Sixty-one homes were sampled for MeCl. The mean of those samples was 83 µg/m3 or23.92 ppb. The detection limit for MeCl was 0.7 µg/m3 or 0.20 ppb. The 90th percentile was

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160 µg/m3 or 46.11 ppb, with a range from below the quantifiable limit of 0.7 to 1,700 µg/m3 or0.20 to 489.91 ppb. Mean indoor concentrations are approximately 5.5 times greater than theoutdoor mean concentration of 15 µg/m3 or 4.32 ppb from the same study. The use of householdconsumer products containing MeCl may account for its high prevalence in the homes tested.

As part of a study conducted in Los Angeles County, the indoor and outdoor air of eighthomes was sampled during the summer and analyzed for several compounds including MeCl. For these homes, results show overnight indoor concentrations to range from 3.5 to 12.6 µg/m3 or0.3 to 3.6 ppb with daytime indoor concentrations ranging from 1.05 to 13.65 µg/m3 or 0.3 to 3.9ppb. Overnight outdoor concentrations range from 0.35 to 4.55 µg/m3 or 0.1 to 1.3 ppb whiledaytime outdoor concentrations range from 0.7 to 13.65 µg/m3 or 0.2 to 3.9 ppb. The results forthis study indicate that indoor concentrations of MeCl in some homes may not be substantiallyhigher than outdoor concentrations.

7. Atmospheric Persistence of MeCl

Reaction with hydroxyl radicals is the dominant mechanism removing MeCl from theatmosphere. The calculated half-life and lifetime of MeCl due to gas-phase reaction with theOh radical are estimated to be about 0.6 years and 0.9 years, respectively. The product of theOh radical-initiated reaction is formyl chloride, in 100 percent yield.

8. Health Effects of MeCl

See Chapter VI.C. for a discussion of the health effects of MeCl.


The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reviews risk assessmentssubmitted under the Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program (AB 2588). Of the risk assessmentsreviewed as of April 1996, MeCl was the major contributor to the overall cancer risk in 30 of theapproximately 550 risk assessments reporting a total cancer risk equal to or greater than 1 in1 million and contributed to the total cancer risk in 112 of these risk assessments. MeCl also wasthe major contributor to the overall cancer risk in 8 of the approximately 130 risk assessmentsreporting a total cancer risk equal to or greater than 10 in 1 million, and contributed to the totalcancer risk in 44 of these risk assessments.

For non-cancer health effects, MeCl contributed to the total hazard index in 24 of theapproximately 89 risk assessments reporting a total chronic hazard index greater than 1. MeClalso contributed to the total hazard index in 30 of the approximately 107 risk assessmentsreporting a total acute hazard index greater than 1, and presented an individual hazard indexgreater than 1 in 8 of these risk assessments.

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10. MeCl in the Environment (ARB, 1989)

Other routes of exposure to MeCl include the ingestion of drinking water and foodproducts. The following comparisons simply illustrate the extent of exposures to MeCl by routesother than inhalation. The comparisons do not imply that equivalent doses via different exposureroutes necessarily result in health effects that are equivalent. ARB staff believe that the greatestcontribution to total intake is from inhalation of MeCl.

The ARB staff estimate that for the majority of California residents, the intake of MeClthrough drinking water is less that 365 µg/year. Between January 1984, and December 1985, theCalifornia Department of Health Services (DHS) conducted a study in which groundwater from2,947 wells, representing 819 public water systems, was analyzed for MeCl. Less than onepercent of the wells sampled (eleven wells) contained MeCl at concentrations above the0.5 µg/liter detection limit. For these eleven wells the median concentration was 3.0 µg/liter, themaximum was 10.0 µg/liter, and the minimum was 0.65 µg/liter.

Groundwater supplies roughly 40 percent of California’s domestic use with surface watermaking up the other 60 percent. The DHS study did not monitor surface waters for MeCl. MeClreleased into surface waters is not expected to remain due to its high volatility. The U.S. EPAused results from two major surveys (the National Organics Monitoring Survey and the NationalScreening Program for Organics in Drinking Water) to predict MeCl concentrations in thepotable water of public water systems nationwide. Based on data from both groundwater andsurface water, the EPA has estimated that 93.5 percent of U.S. population who are served bypublic drinking water systems receive water with no MeCl or levels less than 0.5 µg/liter. Furthermore, 99.6 percent of the population receive water with concentrations at or below10 µg/liter.

ARB staff estimated a range of annual intake through drinking water based on theconcentrations found in the DHS monitoring study (less than 0.5 to 10.0 µg/liter). Intake isbased on an average drinking water consumption of two liters per day, resulting in an intakeranging from less than 365 µg/year to 7300 µg/year. Because MeCl is not expected to remain insurface waters and because MeCl was not detected in over 99 percent of the groundwater wellsthat DHS tested, ARB staff believe that the overwhelming majority of California populationwould have annual intakes less than those reported above.

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C. Trichloroethylene

1. Physical Properties of TCE

TCE is a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound containing a double bond. It is adense, nonflammable, volatile, colorless liquid which is only slightly soluble in water butmiscible with organic solvents and other halogenated compounds. Most fixed and volatile oilsare dissolved by TCE. It is lipophilic. TCE has an odor threshold of 28 parts per million (ppm)and smells similar to ether or chloroform.

Physical Properties of TrichloroethyleneSynonyms: trichloroethene; ethinyl trichloride; Tri-Clene; Trilene; Trichloran; Trichloren;

Westrosol; Gemalgene; Chlorylen; acetylene trichloride; 1,2,2-trichloroethylene

CAS Number: 79-01-6Molecular Formula C2HCl3

Molecular Weight: 130.40Boiling Point: 86.7 oCMelting Point: -73 oCFlash Point: 89.6 oCVapor Pressure: 100 mm Hg at 32 oCVapor Density: 4.53Density: 1.4649 at 20/4 oCLog Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: 2.42Conversion Factor: 1 ppb = 5.33µg/m3

2. Sources of TCE

TCE is used in California in a variety of operations and products, including degreasingoperations, polyvinyl chloride production, adhesive formulations, and paints and coatings. TCEis also used in miscellaneous chemical synthesis and solvent applications, and as a refrigerantand heat exchange liquid. The major use of TCE in California, and nationwide is as a degreasingsolvent. It is not produced in California. Other sources that emit TCE include publicly ownedtreatment works; groundwater aeration and air strippers; sanitary sewers; surface impoundments;and municipal landfills. TCE is also present in trace concentrations in waste oil. According tothe World Health Organization in its review of TCE, the compound is widely distributed insurface water, rain water, and well water.

The previously discussed 1984-85 DHS groundwater study sampled for TCE in the same2,947 wells. TCE was found in 188 wells with a median concentration of 3.2 micrograms perliter (µg/l). A maximum concentration of 538 µg/l was also reported. The DHS noted that those

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wells supplying heavily urbanized areas generally had the higher concentrations of TCE. TheDHS developed an action level for TCE of 5 µg/l.

The primary stationary sources that have reported emissions of TCE in California aremanufacturers of pens and mechanical pencils, manufacturers of motor vehicle parts andaccessories, and blast furnaces and steel mills (ARB, 1999a).

3. Emissions of TCE

The total emissions of TCE from stationary sources in California are estimated to be179,000 pounds per year, based on data reported under the Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program(AB 2588) from data base year 1998 (ARB, 1999a). No control measures have been adopted forTCE under California's air toxic program.

4. Natural Occurrence of TCE

TCE does not naturally occur in the environment.

5. Ambient Concentrations of TCE

TCE is routinely monitored in California by the statewide ARB air toxics network. TheARB’s ambient air monitoring network is designed to obtain ambient backgound, non-sourceinfluenced, concentration levels of air toxics from 21 ambient air toxic monitoring stations locatedstatewide. According to ARB’s toxics database, the 1998 statewide average concentration forTCE is 0.03 parts per billion (ppb) or 0.16 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3).

The United States Environmental Agency (U.S. EPA) has also compiled ambient air datafrom Lima, Ohio during 1990 to 1991. The data show a mean concentration of 0.71 µg/m3 or0.13 ppb. They also reported an overall mean concentration of TCE from 11 study areas during1990 of 2.63 µg/m3 or 0.49 ppb.

6. Indoor Sources and Concentrations of TCE

TCE has limited use as a solvent in consumer products and indoor concentrations of thischemical have been found to be quite varied. The most recent California study was conducted inWoodland, California during the spring of 1990. The indoor concentration of TCE of 125 homesranged from 0.30 to 9.3 µg/m3 or 0.06 to 1.74 ppb. The average indoor concentration was0.65 µg/m3 or 0.12 ppb.

The California Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies wereconducted during 1984 and 1987. Los Angeles and Contra Costa County were included during1984, while Los Angeles was the only area for the 1987 study. Investigators collected volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) using personal air, outdoor, and fixed-site indoor samplers. Direct

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comparisons of TCE concentrations indoors and outdoors were matched. Mean indoorconcentrations of TCE ranged from 0.63 to 3.97 µg/m3 or 0.12 to 0.74 ppb. Median indoorconcentrations of TCE are 2 to 5 times greater than ambient concentrations although indoorconcentrations appear to be very dependent upon the use of consumer products containing TCE.

Concentrations of VOCs in 10 public-access buildings were monitored for three days. Volatile organic compounds were measured at three new buildings before and after occupancy. Mean three-day TCE concentrations after occupancy ranged from 7.94 to 37.68 µg/m3 or 1.49 to7.07 ppb which the authors indicated could have been attributed to use of commercial cleaningproducts.

7. Atmospheric Persistence of TCE

The primary removal mechanism of airborne TCE is its reaction with hydroxyl (OH)radicals in the troposphere. The calculated half-life and lifetime for TCE due to gas-phasereaction with the OH radical are estimated to be 4 days and 6 days, respectively. The reactionforms formyl chloride and phosgene and chlorine atoms (leading to hydrochloric acid formationin the atmosphere), together with other, unidentified, products.

8. Health Effects of TCE

See Chapter VI.C. for a discussion of the health effects of TCE.


The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reviews risk assessmentssubmitted under the Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program (AB 2588). Of the risk assessmentsreviewed as of April 1996, TCE was the major contributor to the overall cancer risk in 3 of theapproximately 550 risk assessments reporting a total cancer risk equal to or greater than 1 in1 million and contributed to the total cancer risk in 55 of the risk assessments. TCE alsocontributed to the total cancer risk in 16 of the approximately 130 risk assessments reporting atotal cancer risk equal to or greater than 10 in 1 million.

For non-cancer health effects, TCE contributed to the total hazard index in 5 of theapproximately 89 risk assessments reporting a total chronic hazard index greater than 1.

10. TCE in the Environment (ARB, 1990)

Other routes of exposure to TCE include the ingestion of drinking water and foodproducts. Water appears to present the major source of exposure through ingestion.

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According to the World Health Organization, in its review of TCE, the compound iswidely distributed in surface water, rain water, and well water. For example, McConnel et al.(1975) reported that rain water contained TCE in the range of a few micrograms per liter.

Cothern et al. (1986) estimated, based on U.S. EPA surveys, that of the approximately23 million persons exposed to levels of TCE ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 µg/L, 76 percent of thepeople obtained their water from surface water supplies. The higher concentrations in this range,however, are thought to come from groundwater systems.

The California Department of Health Services measured a number of toxic compoundsincluding TCE in large public water systems in California (January 1984 to December 1985). Approximately 3,000 wells were sampled. TCE was found in 188 of the wells with a medianconcentration of 3.2 µg/L. A maximum concentration of 538 µg/L was also reported. TheCDHS noted that those wells supplying heavily urbanized areas generally had the higherconcentrations of TCE. The Department of Health Services developed an action level for TCE of5 µg/L. This is based on a cancer risk estimate by the National Academy of Science of a 10 -6

excess risk of cancer due to lifetime exposure to drinking water containing 5 µg/L TCE.

Concentrations of TCE were also measured in tap water during the TEAM 84 studies. For the February and May sampling times in Los Angeles, the weighted median (and range) ofTCE concentrations in water were 0.04 (0.03-0.24) µg/L and 0.03 (0.03-0.56) µg/L, respectively. For the Contra Costa samples, the weighted median (and range) of TCE concentrations was 0.05(0.03-0.09) µg/L. The median levels of TCE in Los Angeles and Contra Costa were very similar,but the maximum concentrations were higher in Los Angeles.

There is limited information on the concentrations of TCE found in food, especially infood purchased in California. There are reports of TCE in food measured in European countries. McConnel et al. (1975) reviewed the levels of TCE in foods in Great Britain and Europe andreported a range of 0.02 µg/kg measured in Yugoslavian wine to 60 µg/kg measured in tea.

Ofstad et al. (1981) reported on TCE concentrations in fish in Norway. Theconcentrations of TCE ranged from 5 µg/kg in a commercial salmon fillet to approximately400 µg/kg in the cod liver oil.

Uhler and Diachenko (1987) reported the concentrations of volatile halocarbons inprocess water as well as in processed foods. Out of 15 processing plants, two had detectableamounts of TCE in the process water. None of the food items measured in the 15 plants haddetectable levels of TCE (limit of less than 1 nanogram [ng] per gram of food).

Entz and Diachenko (1990) reported the concentrations of TCE in 50 margarine samplespurchased in 1980-1982 and 18 samples purchased in 1984, all from the Washington, D.C. area. Out of the 50 samples, one sample had TCE concentrations in the 100-500 ppb ranges, ninesamples were in the 10-50 ppb range, seven samples were in the 3-10 ppb range, and 35 samples

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had undetectable amounts of TCE. Of the 18 samples measured in 1984, three samples were inthe 10-50 ppb range, one was in the 3-10 ppb range, and 14 samples had undetectable amounts ofTCE.

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IV. SUMMARY OF AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRACTIVITIES

During the needs assessment phase, usage of perchloroethylene (Perc), methylenechloride (MeCl), and trichloroethylene (TCE) was examined in four automotive consumerproduct categories: brake cleaners, carburetor and fuel-injection air intake cleaners (carburetorcleaners), engine degreasers, and general degreasers (including most aerosols and some bulkparts washers). This chapter provides a description of each product category and information onhow and where the products are used (based on information collected from surveys and sitevisits).

A. Description of Product Categories

1. Brake cleaner

Automotive brake cleaners are designed to remove oil, grease, brake fluid, brake padmaterial, and dirt from motor vehicle brake mechanisms. These products are sometimes labeledfor use in cleaning dirt or grease from other motor vehicle parts and may be usedinterchangeably. Automotive brake cleaners are sold in both aerosol and liquid forms.

Aerosol brake cleaners are typically sprayed on the entire brake assembly prior to serviceor repairs to wet down dust and to remove oil, grease, or other contaminants. Aerosol brakecleaners are also used on individual components after disassembly, often to remove greasyfingerprints or other contaminants from friction surfaces.

Liquid or bulk brake cleaners are used primarily by professional mechanics. Thesolvent-based bulk brake cleaners can be converted in the shop to an aerosol by using a refillablesprayer that is pressurized using the shop air compressor. Once the product is pressurized, it isused in the same way as the pre-packaged aerosol products. Liquid products can also betransferred to hand-held pump sprayers for use. There are also solvent-based and water-basedportable brake cleaning units that are comprised of a base reservoir of cleaning solution with acollection pan on top and a nozzle and brush. Mechanics position the unit under the wheel andtypically spray down the entire brake assembly with the cleaning solution and use the brush asnecessary to clean the brake components. The dirty solution then drips off the brake assemblyand is collected in the pan and routed into the reservoir where it may be filtered to remove brakedust, oil and grease. Some companies that supply these devices to shops establish a recyclingschedule where they routinely pick up the spent bath solution and replace it with a fresh bath. Other companies aqueous systems depend on the mechanic to replace or recharge thewater-based solutions. There are also portable brake cleaning units available that can be filledwith the mechanic’s choice of solvent brake cleaner.

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2. Carburetor Cleaner

Carburetor and fuel-injection air intake cleaners are products designed to remove fueldeposits, oil, dirt, and other contaminants from a carburetor, choke, throttle body of afuel-injection system, or associated linkages. Carburetor and fuel-injection air intake cleaners areused during routine maintenance and repairs by both “do-it-yourself” and professionalmechanics. These products are sometimes also labeled for use in cleaning dirt or grease fromother motor vehicle parts, including brake parts. Both aerosol and liquid products are sold, buteach form is used in a different manner.

The aerosols are used to remove deposits from carburetors, throttle bodies, and associatedparts, usually while they are still attached to the engine. Aerosols can be used to remove fueldeposits from the inside surfaces of carburetors by spraying into the carburetor throat while theengine is running, or by spraying the carburetor wells or throttle plate with the engine off andthen starting and idling the engine. The solvents in the product combine with the fuel and arecarried throughout the inside passages of the carburetor, eventually reaching the combustionchamber. Many automotive maintenance and repair (AMR) facilities that responded in theFacility Survey stated that they also used carburetor cleaners for cleaning brakes.

Since aerosol products are designed to be sprayed down the carburetor throat, they aresubject to U.S. EPA regulations for fuel additives which require manufacturers to register theirformulations. The U.S. EPA also requires manufacturers to collectively fund a literature searchon the potential health effects of using their products. Currently, manufacturers can only registerformulations with compounds containing five elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, andsulfur. However, formulations containing other elements were registered prior to the 1990 federalClean Air Act Amendments. These formulations have been essentially grandfathered from therequirement that they contain only compounds with the five elements mentioned. Some of thesegrandfathered products contain chlorinated solvents such as MeCl and Perc (ARB, 1999).

There are two types of liquid carburetor, choke, or fuel-injection air intake cleaners. Thefirst type is added directly to the fuel lines or the fuel tank of the vehicle to remove deposits fromfuel injectors, engine intake valves, and the combustion chamber. These products are oftenlabeled as fuel-injection, intake, or engine deposit cleaners or engine flush or fuel treatments. Carburetor or fuel-injection air intake cleaners that are designed exclusively to be introduceddirectly to the fuel lines or fuel tank prior to introduction into the carburetor or fuel injectors arenot subject to the proposed ATCM.

The second type of liquid carburetor cleaner requires carburetors and associated parts tobe disassembled and immersed in a container of the liquid product for several minutes or longer. Some products include a basket within the solvent container that can be used to hold the partsthat are immersed, while others must be poured into a separate container to soak parts. Often,sensitive parts made of plastic or rubber must be removed prior to immersion to prevent damage.The cleaned parts are then removed from the solution and pressure rinsed with water. These

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types of cleaners are often labeled as “Carburetor and Metal Parts Cleaners” or “Carburetor andCold Parts Cleaners” and indicate that the product may be used for a variety of parts cleaningtasks. Some of the products contain chlorinated solvents such as Perc, MeCl, andmonochlorotoluene.

3. Engine Degreasers

Engine degreasers are specialty cleaning products designed to remove grease, grime, oiland other contaminants from the external surfaces of automotive engines and other mechanicalparts and are available in both aerosol and liquid forms. The liquid forms of engine degreaserscan further be broken down into solvent-based or water-based concentrates that need to bediluted with water before use. Engine degreasers can also be used to clean engines onmotorcycles, boats, lawnmowers, and other powered vehicles. Typically, the entire cleaningprocess requires a combination of chemicals, using various combinations of solvents to firstdissolve the contaminants, and physical action to remove the engine surface contaminants. As afirst step, many products instruct users to apply the product when the engine is still warm. Otherproducts direct the user to leave the engine running when applying the product. Most productsdirect the user to wait 10 to 15 minutes to allow the solvents to penetrate the oil and grime. Fortough-to-remove deposits, the user may need to scrub the soil with a brush. At this point,surfactants in water-based products emulsify the dissolved oil into the water contained in theproduct. The final step requires the user to rinse the emulsified mixture to wash away thecontaminants. Although some product labels direct users to dispose of the wash effluent inaccordance with applicable environmental regulations, some facilities may discharge the washeffluent into the sewer system.

4. General Purpose Degreasers

General degreasers consist of products designed to remove grease, grime, oil, or otheroil-based contaminants from a variety of surfaces. This definition also includes products that aredesigned to clean miscellaneous metallic parts. These products are currently sold and labeled assolvent parts cleaners or metallic parts cleaners. General degreasers typically do not includeproducts specifically labeled as engine degreasers, tire, gasket or paint removers, or electronicscleaners. This category also does not include general cleaners which are typically defined asproducts designed for general purpose cleaning, such as floor, kitchen, counter top, bathroom,tile or glass cleaners.

For the proposed ATCM, general degreasers can be defined as aerosols labeled to cleanautomotive parts, bulk solvent parts cleaners that may be dispensed as an aerosol via apressurized air sprayer or pump sprayer, or bulk liquids sold in containers designed to permitdisassembled parts to be immersed within them. Aerosol general degreasers include onlymetallic parts cleaners and solvent parts cleaners. A metallic parts cleaner is defined as anorganic liquid that is designed to dissolve grease, dirt, or other contaminants solely frommiscellaneous metallic parts.

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B. Users of Automotive Consumer Products in California

Automotive consumer products are used in a variety of applications and industriesthroughout California. They are most commonly used in AMR activities at service stations,fleets, general automotive repair shops, dedicated brake repair shops, and new and used cardealerships. The majority of Californians look to these facilities for their maintenance and repairneeds. In these facilities, automotive consumer products remove grease, grime, and dirt from avariety of automobile parts. Examples of applications include engine degreasing, the servicing ofcarburetors and throttle bodies, and brake service and repair operations. These commercialfacilities will use both aerosol and liquid products (chlorinated and non-chlorinated) contained ina variety of delivery mechanisms. However, not all vehicle owners look to commercial facilitiesfor their vehicle care needs. Some owners prefer to perform their own services at theirresidences or other locations. Since most people do not have the benefit of hydraulic lifts, aircompression systems, and specialty tools and equipment, the services that they can perform aregenerally limited. Nonetheless, brake repair and engine degreasing are common do-it-yourselfactivities. People who service their own vehicles will also use both aerosol and liquid products,but if they use a liquid, it is more likely to be one that is easily converted into an aerosol or pumpsprayer.

Some private businesses and government agencies maintain vehicle fleets that are usedfor a variety of tasks and these fleets can consist of cars, vans, trucks, buses, and othertask-specific vehicles. Many fleets operate their own maintenance and repair facilities to handletheir maintenance and repair needs. Typically, these fleet operations are indistinguishable fromtheir commercial counterparts with the exception that their services are not available to thegeneral public. Normally, fleet facilities and commercial facilities tend to be similarly equippedand use similar automotive consumer products.

Automotive consumer products used for AMR activities are not limited to cars, trucks,and buses, but can also be used in non-traditional applications on a limited basis. Theseapplications include, but are not limited to, off-road vehicles, marine vessels, and aviation. TheARB believes that automotive consumer products are selected for these applications because theyare readily available and suitable for light-duty tasks such as small parts cleaning and degreasing.

C. How Brake Service and Repair Jobs Are Performed

Surveys and site visits revealed that of the four categories of concern, brake cleanersaccount for the majority of product usage and that the usage occurs primarily in conjunction withbrake service operations. As a result, it is important to have a basic understanding of how brakejobs are performed, especially since products from all four automotive consumer productcategories discussed here have been used in conjunction with brake service operations.

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1. The Brake Service Process

Brake service operations are normally performed directly on the vehicle, with the vehicleraised to a comfortable working height for the mechanic. Brake service operations can includeinspections, adjustments, brake pad replacements and rotor resurfacing, and usually require thedisassembly, replacement or repair, and reassembly of the brakes.

Brake cleaners are routinely used in brake service operations while engine degreasers,carburetor cleaners, and general purpose degreasers are used less frequently. As discussed in thebrake cleaner product category description, automotive brake cleaning products are designed toremove oil, grease, brake fluid, brake pad dust, or dirt from motor vehicle brake mechanisms andgenerally come in either an aerosol or liquid form. Many mechanics have discovered thatproducts in the other three product categories are designed to remove similar types of grease, dirt,and grime, and can be used interchangeably on a variety of applications. Brake cleaners areapplied before, during, and after brake disassembly to dissolve contaminants, and sometimesafter reassembly as a final cleaning process to remove oil, brake fluid, and fingerprints that mayhave inadvertently been redeposited on the brake assembly. After application, the brake cleanerand dissolved contaminants either drip off, or are wiped away from the brake parts.

Many facilities use portable brake cleaning units for brake service and repair operations. Portable brake cleaning units, which include bird bath type units, can be used independently or inconjunction with an aerosol product depending on mechanic preference. They are typically notused in conjunction with other liquid products with the possible exception of liquid products thatcan be converted to aerosols or pump sprayers. Mechanics use these units in their initial cleaningstep to remove the heavier accumulations of grease, grime, and dirt, but many facilities use theseunits exclusively. Again, some may use aerosols as a follow-up process to remove oil, brakefluid, and fingerprints that may have inadvertently been redeposited on the brake assembly.

Brake parts manufacturers typically issue guidelines and offer instructional materialsoutlining their recommendations on how their parts should be used in conjunction with brakeservice operations. When asked about why aqueous based units are demonstrated in their ASE(Automotive Service Excellence) certification clinics, representatives for these manufacturerslisted performance, cost, and worker exposure as reasons for not using aerosol products(Raybestos, 1999; Federal-Mogul/Wagner, 1999).

2. Regulatory Issues

To control asbestos exposure from brake and clutch surfaces, the California OccupationalSafety and Health Administration adopted mandatory methods for brake and clutch servicebeginning on July 3, 1996 (title 8, California Code of Regulations, section 5208, Appendix F). This regulation requires that either a negative pressure enclosure/HEPA vacuum system, or a lowpressure/wet cleaning method using an aqueous solution, be used to clean asbestos-containingbrake parts during brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair, and assembly operations.

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However, we observed that mechanics tend to use any brake cleaning product they choose afterthe reassembly process to remove fingerprints, residual grease, and brake fluid. In addition,mechanics may use any brake cleaning products, including water, petroleum solvent partswashers, or other brake cleaners for cleaning non-asbestos brakes. For these purposes, somemechanics use aerosol brake cleaners.

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V. EMISSIONS FROM AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRACTIVITIES

In order to estimate emissions of perchloroethylene (Perc), methylene chloride (MeCl),

and trichloroethylene (TCE) from the four automotive consumer product categories described inChapter IV, ARB staff used a variety of tools. Specifically, surveys were used to obtaininformation on product content and composition as well as usage data from automotivemaintenance and repair (AMR) facilities statewide. Additionally, site visits were conducted toexpand knowledge of AMR activities and how products are used in these activities. This sectionpresents an analysis of the methodologies used to estimate Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions andsummarizes the findings.

A. Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products (Manufacturer) Survey

In March 1997, the ARB surveyed manufacturers of brake cleaning products to gathersales and formulation data for both chlorinated and non-chlorinated brake cleaning products, aswell as information on future formulation trends that could increase the Perc content of brakecleaning products and other automotive consumer products (MeCl and TCE information was notcollected from this survey). Perc product sales in the Manufacturer Survey responses account forabout 90 percent of total statewide Perc brake cleaning product sales based on the ARB’s 1990Consumer Products Survey (ARB, 1996a).

From the returned surveys (22 surveys out of 37), we received information on 89 differentbrake cleaning products, 33 of which contain Perc. Based on reported sales of over 2,000,000units ranging in size from 10 ounces to 55 gallons and Perc content from about 22 to 98 percent,Perc usage was estimated to be approximately 2,400,000 pounds per year (lbs/yr) or 178,000gallons per year (gal/yr) from Perc-containing brake cleaning products. This usage isextrapolated to 100 percent to capture total Perc brake cleaning product sales, and determine that1996 Perc sales were approximately 2.7 million pounds. Two subsequent ARB consumerproduct surveys in 1996 and 1998 found approximately 2.7 and 3.0 million pounds of Perc fromCalifornia brake cleaning product sales. Of this amount, data from the Manufacturer Surveyindicated that approximately 290,000 pounds of Perc brake cleaning product sales (10 percent)are used in residential applications.

The amount of Perc from the Manufacturer Survey is more than the estimated CaliforniaPerc use from brake cleaning products in the U.S. EPA 1990 Database (ARB’s 2,700,000 lbs/yrversus U.S. EPA’s 470,000 lbs/yr) (ARB,1996a). It is important to note that the estimate fromthe U.S. EPA 1990 Database may not be representative of California usage since it was based ona nationwide study. However, some of the difference may be attributed to the reformulation ofbrake cleaning products that contained 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), which has been phased out

V-2

under the Montreal Protocol. For comparison, 1991 Perc usage in dry cleaning operations wasapproximately 14,800,000 lbs/yr or 1,100,000 gal/yr (ARB, 1993a). Table V-1 summarizes theManufacturer Survey data.

Table V-1. Summary of Manufacturer Survey Information

Product Type Number ofProducts

Product Size Units Sold in California1

Aerosol(oz)

Liquid(gal)

Industrial/Institutional

Retail/Household

Perc Products 33 10 to 22 1 to 55 1,883,604 254,009

Non-Perc Products 56 12 to 21 1 to 55 2,397,228 377,901

B. Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire (Facility Survey)

1. Background

As previously discussed, California brake cleaning product sales were extrapolated fromthe Manufacturer Survey responses to determine that brake cleaning products sold in 1996contained almost 2.7 million pounds of Perc. In order to verify that this amount was used byautomotive maintenance and repair facilities, a survey of automotive maintenance and repairfacilities was conducted. This survey requested information on the number of facilitiesperforming brake repair operations, the number of brake jobs performed, and the types andquantities of bulk liquid and aerosol products used.

The survey mailing list was based on information available from existing databasesmaintained by the California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive Repair(BAR), the California Board of Equalization, and the United States Census Bureau. Thesedatabases showed that there were about 31,000 to 34,000 facilities in the automotive repair andcar dealer standard industrial classification (SIC) codes in California as summarized inTable V-2. The BAR database appeared to be the most comprehensive, and identified facilitiesthat, by their name, would most likely not perform brake services. For example, any facility withthe words “body”, “paint”, “transmission”, etc. was removed. In January 1998, surveys weremailed to approximately 25,000 remaining automotive maintenance and repair facilities and6,820 usable surveys were returned (725 were incomplete and were not considered). The numberof usable surveys returned was sufficient to be considered representative and accurate for allfacilities statewide (2.5% margin of error, 99% confidence level). A copy of the survey form canbe found in Appendix B.

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Table V-2. Number of Businesses by SIC Code

SIC Business Type Number of Facilities

551 new and used car dealers 2,400

552 used car dealers 6,700

554 gas stations, gas & convenience foodstores, other gas & truck stops 9,600

7533-4,7536-8

general auto repair, other auto repair,tire retread

12,800 to 14,8007539 brake and related auto repair

Sources: The California Board of Equalization and the 1992 U.S. Economic Census (http://govinfo.kerr.orst.edu/cgi-bin/econ-list?02-state.cas)

2. Summary of Findings

Analysis of the survey data allowed for the determination of the number of facilitiesperforming brake jobs, the various techniques used, the number of facilities using chlorinatedproducts, the amount of chlorinated products used, and market share by product type andmanufacturer. In some cases, the Facility Survey results were compared to the ManufacturerSurvey results in order to correct for any under-reporting that may have occurred. Since theManufacturer Survey did not collect information regarding MeCl and TCE from the productmanufacturers, no adjustments can be made for these two compounds. As a result, emissions ofMeCl and TCE from the Facility Survey may be under-reported.

Table V-3 summarizes the techniques that automotive maintenance and repair facilityoperators reported used in conjunction with brake service and repair operations. Of the 4,865facilities performing brake jobs, 3,561 facilities reported using brake cleaning products, 258facilities reported using other products such as carburetor cleaners or general purpose degreasers,409 facilities reported using nothing, and 2,151 facilities reported using a aqueous-based portablebrake cleaning unit, generally in conjunction with other products. Based on the techniques used,Table V-4 summarizes the product formulations used in the Facility Survey. Of the 3,561facilities that reported using brake cleaning products, the majority of the facilities (2,192facilities or approximately 62 percent) reported using a non-chlorinated brake cleaning product. An additional 1,369 facilities reported using products that contained some combination of Perc,MeCl, and TCE. Table V-5 shows total aerosol and bulk product usage and estimated statewideusage.

V-4

Table V-3. Brake Cleaning Techniques Used in Facility Survey1

Cleaning Technique Used Number of Facilities UsingTechnique

Brake cleaning products 3561

Portable brake cleaning unit (aqueous) used inconjunction with aerosols

1514

Portable brake cleaning unit used exclusively 637

Other automotive consumer products2 248

Other cleaning techniques 10

No technique reported3 409

1. A facility may use more than one cleaning technique. 2. Refers to carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers. 3. The survey did not request information on the use of solvent-based portable brake cleaning units. As a result, some facilities that reported using nothing may actually be using these units.

Table V-4. Product Formulations Used in Facility Survey

Product Formulation Number of Facilities Using Product

Non-Chlorinated Products 2192

Chlorinated Products 13631

Perc Products 836

Perc/MeCl Products 443

Perc/TCE Products 27

Perc/MeCl/TCE Products 44

Other Chlorinated Products2 13

Unknown Formulations 43

1. Note: Thirty-seven facilities used more than one type of chlorinated product. 2. Other chlorinated products include Perc/TCA, TCE, and TCA formulations.

The Facility Survey contained two fields that requested information on the number ofbrake jobs performed per week, and the amount of product used per brake job. The product ofthese two fields is total usage, allowing for verification of usage estimates. Performing thiscalculation yields 164,000 to 172,000 lbs/year. Although this is only 75 percent of the 218,000 to228,600 lbs/year of aerosol use identified above, it is reasonable because some products are alsoused for non-brake applications (based on site visits, see Part C).

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Table V-5. Aerosol and Bulk Product Usage for Surveyed Facilities1

Compound Usage Aerosol Use[lbs/yr]

Bulk Use [lbs/yr]

Statewide Use[lbs/yr2]

PercBrake Use Only 213,800 to 228,500 9,000 to 9,600 824,600 to 881,400

Brake & Non-Brake Use 218,400 to 234,000 9,000 to 9,600 841,600 to 901,500

MeClBrake Use Only 23,100 to 33,100 900 to 1,000 88,900 to 126,500

Brake & Non-Brake Use 24,200 to 34,800 900 to 1,000 92,900 to 132,800

TCEBrake Use Only 2,800 to 7,200 300 to 400 11,700 to 27,900

Brake & Non-Brake Use 2,900 to 7,700 300 to 400 11,900 to 30,000

1. Rounded to nearest hundred pounds 2. Range of use is due to the range of Perc contents reported in the Manufacturer Survey. Usage is multiplied by the ratio of the total number of facilities (25,243) to the number used in the survey (6820), i.e., 3.701.

Biases for four areas where potential under-reporting could take place were identified andquantified: (1) the percent of facilities using Perc, (2) the percent of Perc-based products, (3) theamount of Perc used per job, and (4) the number of jobs performed. Each of these evaluations isdiscussed separately below. Again, this analysis is only conducted for Perc.

a. Percent of facilities using Perc

From the survey, 3,561 facilities used Perc or non-chlorinated aerosol products. Thisaccounts for 73 percent of the 4,865 facilities performing brake work. This is consistent with theindustry-sponsored study by John Norton of the George Mason University School of BusinessAdministration which showed that 77 percent of the respondents nationwide used aerosols(Norton, 1993). The Facility Survey indicates that about 37 percent of these facilities usePerc-based brake cleaning products (the Norton study did not request information on whether theaerosol cleaners were Perc or non-Perc cleaners). Additionally, the data showed that for facilitiesusing brake cleaners, 37 percent of the brake jobs were performed using a Perc-based brakecleaner. Additionally, 40 percent of the facilities visited during the site visits used a Perc-basedproduct. Therefore, it does not appear that the percent of facilities using Perc has beenunder-reported.

V-6

b. Percent of Perc-based products

The under-reporting of the percent of Perc-based products can be quantified in one of twoways: (1) by looking at the actual numerical distribution of the different product titles reported,or (2) by identifying the percent of units sold that contain Perc. Table V-6 summarizes the actualnumber of products and their relative percent and shows that the Facility Survey under-reportsthe percent of Perc-based products by about 14 percent compared with the Manufacturer Survey.

Table V-6. Proportion of Products that Contain Perc

FacilitySurvey

ManufacturerSurvey

Total Number of Products 1831 89

Number of Perc Products 58 33

Percent of Total 32 371. There were additional products with unknown formulations, but they were discounted because they only represent 1.6 percent of the total number of product entries.

Table V-7 presents the number of survey entries, where each entry represents a unit ofproduct, while Table V-8 presents the total number of units sold. Comparing Table V-7 toTable V-8 it is apparent that the Facility Survey under-reports the proportion of survey entriesthat contain Perc, again by about 14 percent.

Table V-7. Proportion ofFacility Survey Entries that

Contain Perc

Table V-8. Proportion ofManufacturer Survey Entries that

Contain Perc1

Total Number of Entries 3,622 Total Units Sold 4,280,832

Number of Perc Entries 1,366 Perc Units Sold 1,883,604

Percent of Total 38 Percent of Total 44

1. Units sold include bulk products. However, their numbers constitute less than 0.3 percent of the total.

This under-reporting is likely a result of the emphasis on Perc in the cover letter thataccompanied the Facility Survey, and was observed during a few site visits to facilities that hadpreviously submitted surveys. Correcting this bias requires adding 16 percent([0.44 - 0.38]/0.38), to the range of product estimated earlier in Table V-5 to yield approximately144,300 lbs/year. Additionally, if the 1.6 percent of products for which formulation data couldnot be obtained are assumed to be Perc-based products, then an additional 3,900 to 7,300 lbs/yearcan be added to the total Perc usage.

V-7

c. Number of cans used

As previously discussed, reported usage was verified by calculating the product of thenumber of brake jobs per week and the quantity of solvent used per brake job. For somefacilities, this calculated usage was higher than the reported usage indicating that some facilitiescould be under-reporting their true usage. In many cases, this means that product was most likelyused for other tasks besides brake service and repair. Extrapolating statewide yields anadditional 127,000 to 137,000 pounds per year Perc that could be included in the total Perc usage.

d. Number of Brake Jobs

There is a potential for an across the board under-reporting of the number of brake jobsperformed which can be approximated by applying the normal brake service frequency to thenumber of vehicles registered in California. According to the 1996 ARB Mobile SourceEmissions Inventory database, there are approximately 24 million vehicles registered inCalifornia. Information from the Brake Manufacturer’s Council indicates that light duty cars andtrucks, which account for 88 percent of the registered vehicles (ARB, 1998), typically have theirbrakes serviced every 3.5 years (Brake Pad Partnership Steering Committee, 1999). Providingthat fleets and the remaining 12 percent of vehicles (medium and heavy duty trucks and buses)may require more frequent servicing, the average brake service frequency is approximately onceevery 3 years. The result is 8,067,000 brake jobs per year or 2,747,000 more brake jobs thanrepresented by the extrapolated Facility Survey result of 5,320,000 brake jobs per year. Assuming, based on the Facility Survey, that 73 percent of these additional brake jobs areperformed using a cleaning product, that 37 percent of these are Perc, and that each Perc brakejob requires approximately 14.4 ounces of product, an additional 668,000 pounds of Perc peryear could be included in the total Perc usage.

e. Total usage

Adding each of the biases evaluated above to the baseline usage of 901,500 pounds peryear (from Table V-5) gives 1,858,100 pounds per year as shown in Table V-9.

V-8

Table V-9. Total Perc Usage

Baseline Usage Pounds per Year

ARB baseline estimate - brake cleaning products (max.) 901,500

Adjustments

Potential under-reporting of Perc-based products used 144,300

Potential under-reporting of products with no formulation data 7,300

Potential under-reporting of the amount of Perc used per job 137,000

Potential under-reporting of the number of brake jobs performed 668,000

Total 1,858,100

The Facility Survey accounts for almost 1.9 million pounds of Perc used per year. Considering the residential usage of approximately 290,000 pounds as discussed in Part A, totalPerc usage is almost 2.2 million pounds per year. This is approximately 200,000 pounds lessthan the amount of Perc brake cleaning product reported sold in the State in the ManufacturerSurvey. However, it is about a 750,000 pounds more than the 1.45 million pounds of Perc peryear estimated from the amount of Perc that would be used on 24 million vehicles being servicedevery 3 years (using Perc for 20 percent of all brake jobs, and 14.4 ounces per job). Therefore,the assignment of these biases is reasonable and appropriate.

Facilities that service and repair brakes do not account for the full amount of brakecleaner sold in California. The additional brake cleaner is potentially being used in threeadditional areas: (1) facilities that were not sent a facility survey; (2) larger residential usage thanpreviously estimated; and, (3) emissions from the more difficult to quantify off-road, marine, andaviation categories.

C. Brake/Automotive Repair Shop Survey (Site Visits)

In an effort to increase understanding of AMR activities as related to the use ofautomotive consumer products, ARB staff conducted site visits to 137 AMR facilities across thestate (21 additional visits were conducted to observe aqueous-based brake cleaning equipmentand to evaluate flammability issues). The areas visited included Sacramento, San Diego, the LosAngeles area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the North State area. Facilities in Foothill andSierra Nevada communities were also visited. During the site visits, process and sourcecharacteristic information was collected so that modeling could be performed to estimate thepotential health impacts associated with Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions from the use ofautomotive consumer products. Information collected included building dimensions, the locationof potential residential and off-site worker receptors, and product usage information. The site

V-9

visits were also an opportunity to talk with shop owners and service technicians about theirexperiences using chlorinated and non-chlorinated aerosol and liquid products and portable brakecleaning units. The site visits focused primarily on brake cleaning product usage that occurred inconjunction with brake service and repair operations.

1. Product Usage

Of the 137 facilities, 55 were using a chlorinated product, most of which werePerc-based. Overall, the majority of facilities were using non-chlorinated products. Table V-10summarizes the types of aerosol and liquid products used to do brake work at the site visitfacilities.

Many facilities indicated that they felt that chlorinated and non-chlorinated productsperformed similarly, although a few mechanics indicated definite preferences. A largemotivating factor in determining which product was purchased by the facility at any particulartime was cost. When replenishing their supply of aerosol brake cleaners, facilities typicallyasked their suppliers to send the least expensive product. Depending on pricing at the time, thiscould be either a chlorinated or non-chlorinated product. Furthermore, due to mechanicpreferences, some facilities maintained stocks of both chlorinated and non-chlorinated products.

Table V-10. Product Formulations Used in Site Visit Facilities

Product Formulation1,2 Number of FacilitiesUsing Product

Product Size

Aerosol(oz)

Liquid(gal)

Non-Chlorinated Products 82 5 to 19 1 to 55

Chlorinated Products 55 17 to 25 1

Perc Products 43 19 to 20 1

Perc/MeCl Products 10 17 to 25 none observed

Perc/TCE Products 2 18 to 24 none observed1. The site visits did not reveal any products the were comprised of either MeCl or TCE as the sole chlorinated component or any multicomponent products consisting of Perc, MeCl, and TCE. This does not indicate that these product formulations do not exist.2. A product is considered chlorinated if it contains Perc, MeCl, or TCE.

Liquid products are not necessarily convenient to use in the gallon-sized containers theytypically come in. As a result, most facilities converted these into aerosol form or into pumpsprayers for easier use. The use of portable brake cleaning units (both aqueous andsolvent-based) was also prevalent during the site visits. As discussed in Chapter IV, these unitscan be used either independently or in conjunction with aerosol products. However, a facility

V-10

that uses both aerosol brake cleaning products and portable brake cleaning units may notnecessarily use these products in tandem. One mechanic may prefer to use the aerosolexclusively and another at the same facility may prefer to use the portable unit exclusively. Thismode of use between the two products was the most common observed. The data showed that 78of the 137 facilities were using a portable brake cleaning unit. Table V-11 summarizes site visitobservations of whether portable brake cleaning units were used in conjunction with otherproducts.

Table V-11. Use of Portable Brake Cleaning Units in Site Visit Facilities

Portable Brake Cleaning Unit Usage Number of Facilities

Used in conjunction with aerosols 69

Used exclusively 9

Total: 78

Portable brake cleaning units gained their popularity as a means to satisfy the asbestosbrake dust control regulations. However, many facilities indicated that they also used these unitson non-asbestos brakes because they discovered that they worked equally well in controllingbrake dust from non-asbestos brakes. Additionally, many shops reported cost savings associatedwith the use of these units, even after taking into consideration the cost of having the spent bathschanged or replaced. In fact, some shops encouraged their technicians to minimize their use ofaerosol products in favor of the portable units.

Most of the shops that were visited did not have pre-established guidelines outlining howmuch aerosol product was to be used. Instead, these facilities relied upon what the mechanic feltwas an appropriate amount to complete the task. Additionally, some facilities also reported usingbrake cleaning products for small parts cleaning and degreasing on a limited basis. A commoncomplaint, however, was that some mechanics would use an excessive amount of aerosol productand that it was difficult for the owner or shop foreman to control this usage; even ifpre-established usage criteria was in place. Many facilities felt that the use of portable brakecleaning units minimized these problems and reduced operating costs.

When using liquid-based cleaning methods such as portable brake cleaners, drying time isa reasonable concern. However, most of the 78 facilities that were using these units indicatedthat drying time was not an issue. According to the mechanics, since brake jobs are typicallyperformed on a per axle basis, the brake assembly on one end has ample time to dry while theother is being serviced. By the time the tires are re-installed, both assemblies have had ampledrying time. None of the facilities visited reported any problems, safety concerns, or customercomplaints associated with the use of portable brake cleaning units or other liquid cleaningmethods.

V-11

In addition to aerosols, liquid products, and portable brake cleaning units, other cleaningmethods observed included soap and water and brushing. These methods were used at only afew of the facilities visited.

2. Source Characteristics

Source characteristic information was needed to estimate potential health impacts andassist in the development of the generic facilities (discussed in Chapter VI and Appendix D). The information collected here includes the number of brake jobs performed at each facility andthe physical dimensions of the service area. The number of brake jobs came directly from thefacility owners and shop foremen. When obtaining the physical dimensions, only the portion ofthe facility building where service work was performed (and hence from where any potentialemissions would be emanating) was measured. Other areas of the facility, such as the customerwaiting area and adjacent storage rooms, were not considered if they were separated by anormally closed door. If the door was normally open, then those areas were considered as part ofthe area from which emissions would occur. Table V-12 summarizes the average number ofbrake jobs and building dimensions (in terms of facility volume) for the site visit facilities. Amore detailed compilation of source characteristic information for each facility is presented inAppendix D.

Table V-12. Summary of Source Characteristics

Average Number ofBrake Jobs[jobs/year]

Total Number of Brake Jobs[jobs/year]

Average FacilityVolume

[m3]

Range of FacilityVolumes

[m3]

936 111,956 3,769 206 to 70,679

3. Receptor Locations

Another piece of information collected during the site visits was the location of thenearest residential and off-site worker receptors. The data shows that many receptors tended tobe located 50 to 100 meters away from the facility; however, there were a significant number ofreceptors located less than 30 meters away. Table V-13 summarizes the number of facilities thathad receptors located less than 20, 30, 50, and 100 meters away from the facility.

V-12

Table V-13. Number of Site Visit Facilities with Receptors at Various Distances1

Receptors Less than20 meters




Resident Worker Resident Worker Resident Worker Resident Worker

17 45 33 65 48 84 68 1031. Receptor distances measured from edge of the facility building.

The facilities with either a residential or off-site worker receptor located nearby tended to besmaller facilities. Larger facilities, which include dealerships and fleets, usually had a buffercreated by a large site footprint surrounding the building that housed the service operations. As aresult, this limited the proximity of receptors to these facilities. With the smaller facilities, thenearest off-site receptor could be much closer. For all 137 facilities, residential receptordistances ranged from 5 meters to 3219 meters (approx. 2 miles) and off-site worker receptordistances ranged from 2 meters to 483 meters. At the 54 facilities that were modeled, residentialreceptor distances ranged from 6 meters to 2414 meters (approx. 1.5 miles) and off-site workerreceptor distances ranged from 3 meters to 483 meters. See Table VI-2 and Appendix D formore information on modeling results.

4. Emissions from Site Visits

The majority of the information collected during the site visits focused primarily on brakeservice and repair activities. As a result, emissions estimates (as well as potential health impacts)are based primarily on the number of brake jobs performed. Other activities occurring at thefacility impact emissions to the extent that any product used on those activities is also used toperform brake work. This impact is included because ARB staff quantified the total usage of theproduct used to do brake work, even if it was used to complete other tasks. Therefore, emissionsand health impacts are associated with overall product usage rather than just brake service andrepair activities.

In quantifying Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions from automotive consumer products,ARB staff looked at various studies, including those by the ARB, U.S. EPA, and John Norton ofGeorge Mason University (Norton, 1993), and could not find sufficient informationrepresentative of California automotive maintenance and repair facilities. Therefore, to estimateemissions from individual automotive maintenance and repair facilities, information from the137 site visits was used to estimate these emissions.

Information was also collected from the California Board of Equalization, the CaliforniaDepartment of Consumer Affairs’ Bureau of Automotive Repair, and the United StatesEconomic Census to estimate that there are about 31,000 to 34,000 AMR facilities in California(BOE, 1997a; BOE, 1997b; BAR, 1997; U.S. Economic Census, 1992). Based on the standard

V-13

industrial classification (SIC) breakdown within the United States Economic Census,approximately 21,000 of these facilities may perform brake services in California. Thesefacilities can be grouped into five categories: service stations, fleets, new and used cardealerships, brake shops, and general automotive repair facilities. Table V-14 gives a descriptionof each facility category.

Table V-14. Description of Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facility Categories

Facility Category Category Description

Service Stations Offer automotive repair services where gasoline and other fuels can bepurchased. These facilities repair mainly passenger and light-duty vehicles.

Fleets Governmental agencies and private companies operate fleets of vehiclesranging from passenger cars to heavy-duty trucks and buses. Fleet centerstypically encompass a large area, which limits how close offsite receptors canbe located.

New and Used Car Dealerships(Dealerships)

Many new and used car dealerships offer a complete range of brake repairservices in addition to other automotive repair services. Their services are notlimited to customers who purchased a vehicle from them.

Brake shops Some shops limit their services to brake service and repair activities. In manycases, however, additional repair services are often available.

General Automotive Repair Includes independently-owned shops, franchises, chain shops, tire replacementand repair shops, and passenger car and truck rental and leasing.

The site visit data indicated that the quantity of Perc, MeCl, and TCE that is emitted perbrake job varies with several factors. These factors include the individual mechanic who isservicing the vehicle, the chlorinated content in the product, and the manner in which the productis used. Emissions are also impacted by the size and operating schedule of the facility. Furthermore, the aerosol spray cans that contain the products come in several sizes with thechlorinated content ranging from 20 percent to 99 percent according to manufacturers’ materialsafety data sheets. As a result, the emission estimates summarized in Tables V-15 and V-16reflect the variability in Perc, MeCl, and TCE content in brake cleaning products and the use ofchlorinated brake cleaning products on small parts cleaning, degreasing, and other activities. Based on observations during site visits, up to 100 percent of the Perc, MeCl, and TCE containedin aerosol products may be emitted to the air when used in these activities.

V-14

Table V-15. Emission Estimates from Site Visits by Facility Category1

Facility Category Number ofFacilitiesVisited

Range of Annual Perc Emissions[pounds/year]

Range of Annual MeCl Emissions[pounds/year]2

Range of Annual TCE Emissions[pounds/year]2

Service Stations 12 20 to 214 0 0

Fleets 6 18 to 1,305 0 0

New and Used Car Dealerships 24 41 to 1,525 0 0

Brake Shops 6 58 to 152 0 0

General Automotive 89 1.6 to 2,091 1.8 to 82 39 to 1961. Based on usage of brake cleaning products. Emissions based on usage from all four automotive consumer product categories may be higher.2. MeCl or TCE in brake cleaning products were not observed in use at service stations, fleets, dealerships, or brake shops. Since we didn’t specifically look for MeCl and TCE, this does not indicate that emissions of these pollutants do not occur at these facility categories.

Table V-16. Total Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE Estimated from Site Visits

Total Perc Emissions1

[pounds/year]Total MeCl Emissions

[pounds/year]Total TCE Emissions

[pounds/year]

14,886 to 20,066 125 2351. Some facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for Perc emissions.

D. Summary of Emissions

Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the Facility Survey and site visits are presentedin Table V-5 and Table V-16 based on facilities that service and repair brakes and use brakecleaning products. The Facility Survey also contains information on emissions from all fourautomotive consumer product categories under consideration. Table V-17 summarizes the totalemissions from all four automotive consumer product categories at all facilities surveyed by theFacility Survey.

V-15

Table V-17. Estimated Maximum Emissions from the Facility Survey

Compound Emissions [lbs/yr]

Perc 1,858,100

MeCl 224,400

TCE 37,000

The 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products (consumer product) Survey collected sales datafrom the four automotive consumer product categories. This survey shows emissions of Perc,MeCl, and TCE greater than what is represented by the Facility Survey. As mentioned in Part B,this difference can be attributed to: (1) facilities that were not sent a facility survey; (2) largerresidential usage than previously estimated; and, (3) emissions from the more difficult to quantifyoff-road, marine, and aviation categories. Since the consumer product survey represents a morecomplete picture of total compound emissions, it used to make the final emission estimates. Table V-18 summarizes the estimated statewide emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the fourautomotive consumer product categories.

Table V-18. Statewide Emission Estimates fromAutomotive Consumer Products1

Compound Emissions [tons/day]

Perc 4.2

MeCl 0.7

TCE 0.3

Total 5.2

1. Source: 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey.

VI-1

VI. POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE,METHYLENE CHLORIDE, AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE FROMAUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ACTIVITIES

A. An Overview of Health Risk Assessment

A health risk assessment (HRA) is an evaluation or report that a risk assessor (e.g., Air Resources Board, district, consultant, or facility operator) develops to describe thepotential a person or population may have of developing adverse health effects from exposure toa facility’s emissions. Some health effects that are evaluated could include cancer,developmental effects, or respiratory illness. The pathways that can be included in an HRAdepend on the toxic air pollutants that a person (receptor) may be exposed to, and can includebreathing, the ingestion of soil, water, crops, fish, meat, milk, and eggs, and dermal exposure. For this HRA, we are evaluating the impacts for Perc, MeCl, and TCE via the breathing orinhalation pathway only. We are not evaluating other pathways of exposure because at this timethe Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) does not routinely usemethods for assessing exposure to volatile compounds such as Perc, MeCl, and TCE by exposureroutes other than inhalation. Such multiple exposure pathway (multipathway) assessments aretraditionally used for lipophilic (fat-loving), semivolatile, or low volatility compounds such asdioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Generally, to develop an HRA, the risk assessor would perform or consider informationdeveloped under the following four steps. The four steps are Hazard Identification, Dose-Response Assessment, Exposure Assessment, and Risk Characterization.

1. Hazard Identification

In the first step, the risk assessor would determine if a hazard exists, and if so, wouldidentify the exact pollutant(s) of concern and the type of effect, such as cancer or respiratoryeffects.

For this assessment, the pollutants of concern (Perc, MeCl, and TCE) have been formallyidentified under the AB 1807 Program as toxic air contaminants (TACs) through an open,regulatory process by the ARB (ARB 1991a; ARB 1989; ARB 1990a). In addition, Perc, MeCl,and TCE are hazardous air pollutants under the Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412).

2. Dose-Response Assessment

In this step of risk assessment, the assessor would characterize the relationship between aperson’s exposure to a pollutant and the incidence or occurrence of an adverse health effect.

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This step of the HRA is performed for the ARB by OEHHA. OEHHA supplies thesedose-response relationships in the form of cancer potency factors or unit risk factors (URFs) forcarcinogenic effects and reference exposure levels (RELs) for non-carcinogenic effects. TheURFs and RELs that are used in California can be found in one of three references: (1) TheCalifornia Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association (CAPCOA) Air Toxics “Hot Spots”Program, Risk Assessment Guidelines, October 1993; (2) The OEHHA Air Toxics “Hot Spots”Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part I, The Determination of Acute RELs for AirborneToxicants, March 1999; and (3) The OEHHA Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program Risk AssessmentGuidelines, Part II, Technical Support Document for Describing Available Cancer PotencyFactors, April 1999. The individual URFs and RELs for Perc, MeCl, and TCE that we are usingfor this HRA are presented in Section B, Part 2.

3. Exposure Assessment

In this step of the risk assessment, the risk assessor estimates the extent of publicexposure by looking at who is likely to be exposed, how exposure will occur (e.g., inhalation andingestion), and the magnitude of exposure.

For automotive maintenance and repair (AMR) activities, the receptors that are likely tobe exposed include residents or off-site workers located near the facility. Onsite workerscertainly could also be impacted by the emissions; however, they are not included in this HRAbecause Cal/OSHA has jurisdiction over on-site workers. More discussion on workplaceexposure can be found in Chapter VIII. Exposure was evaluated for Perc, MeCl, and TCE via thebreathing or inhalation pathway only. The magnitude of exposure was assessed through thefollowing process. Emissions were quantified using emission factors determined from site visits,facility, and manufacturer surveys, and input from industry representatives. During the sitevisits, other information such as physical dimensions of the source and receptor locations wereobtained. Computer air dispersion modeling was used to provide downwind ground-levelconcentrations of the TACs at near-source, residential, and off-site worker locations.

4. Risk Characterization

This is the final step of risk assessment. In this step, the risk assessor combinesinformation derived from the previous steps. Modeled concentrations, which are determinedthrough exposure assessment, are combined with the URFs (for cancer risk) and RELs (for non-cancer effects) determined under the dose-response assessment. This step integrates thisinformation to quantify the potential cancer risk and non-cancer health impacts.

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B. The Tools Used for this Risk Assessment

The tools and information that are used to estimate the potential health impacts from a facilityinclude an air dispersion model and pollutant-specific health effects values. Information required forthe air dispersion model includes emission estimates, physical descriptions of the source, andemission release parameters. Combining the output from the air dispersion model and the pollutant-specific health values provides an estimate of the off-site potential cancer and non-cancerhealth impacts from the emissions of a toxic air contaminant. For this assessment, we are estimatingthe potential health impacts from Perc, MeCl, and TCE emitted during AMR activities. A briefdescription of the air dispersion modeling and pollutant-specific health effects values is provided inthis Chapter. A more detailed discussion, including example calculations for determining individualacute and chronic health impacts and both individual, regional, and statewide cancer risk is presentedin Appendix C. Memorandums regarding modeling results can be found in Appendices D and E.

1. Air Dispersion Modeling

Air dispersion models are used to estimate the downwind, ground-level concentrations ofa pollutant after it is emitted from a facility. The downwind concentration is a function of thequantity of emissions, release parameters at the source, and appropriate meteorologicalconditions. The two models that were used during this HRA are SCREEN3, version 96043, andISCST3, version 97363. Appendix D provides additional details on the modeling results.Appendix C provides an example calculation illustrating how the outputs from these models areused to calculate potential health impacts. The U.S. EPA recommends the SCREEN3 model forfirst order screening calculations and ISCST3 model for refined air dispersion modeling (U.S. EPA, 1995a; U.S. EPA, 1995b). Both models are currently used by the ARB, districts, andother states.

2. Pollutant-Specific Health Effects Values

Dose-response or pollutant-specific health effects values are developed to characterize therelationship between a person's exposure to a pollutant and the incidence or occurrence of anadverse health effect. A unit risk factor (URF) or cancer potency factor is used when estimatingpotential cancer risks and reference exposure levels (RELs) are used to assess potential non-cancer health impacts.

As presented in Chapter VI, Section C, exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE may result inboth cancer and non-cancer health effects. The inhalation URFs and non-cancer acute andchronic RELs that are used for this HRA are listed in Table VI-1. Also included in Table VI-1are the non-cancer acute and chronic toxicological endpoints for Perc, MeCl, and TCE. Duringthis assessment, new acute RELs were adopted by OEHHA for Perc and MeCl. Table VI-1reflects the most current OEHHA-adopted health effects values for these compounds. The acuteimpacts presented in the June 1997 Status Report or Needs Assessment (ARB, 1997a) used theprevious acute REL for Perc. In that report, the acute non-cancer results were all reported to be

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less than a hazard index of 1.0. Generally, hazard indices of less than 1.0 are not considered tobe a concern to public health. A hazard index is the ratio of the modeled concentration for atoxic pollutant and the reference exposure level for that pollutant. Since the current acute PercREL is 2.94 times higher than the previous REL and it is used as a denominator in non-cancerhazard index calculations, the net result of the current REL, if it were applied to the resultspresented in the 1997 Needs Assessment, would show a decrease in the acute hazard indices by afactor of 2.94. Currently, OEHHA is in the process of reviewing studies for developing new orupdating existing chronic RELs. MeCl and TCE are among the compounds under review. Oncethe chronic RELs are adopted by OEHHA, they may be used in HRAs.

Table VI-1. Pollutant-Specific Health Effects Values Used for Determining Potential Health Impacts 1

CompoundCancer

Unit RiskFactor

(ug/m3)-1

Non-cancer ReferenceExposure Levels

(ug/m3)Toxicological Endpoints

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Perchloroethylene(Perc)

5.9 E-6 20,000 35 central nervoussystem; eye &

respiratory irritation

kidney; liver andgastrointestinal

system

Methylene Chloride(MeCl)

1.0 E-6 14,000 3000 central nervoussystem

central or peripheralnervous system;

liver andgastrointestinal

system

Trichloroethylene(TCE)

2.0 E-6 none 640 nonecentral or peripheral

nervous system;liver and

gastrointestinalsystem

1. Health effects values and toxicological endpoints were obtained from three sources: A) California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association, Air Toxics Hot Spots Program, Revised 1992 Risk Assessment Guidelines,

October 1993. B) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part II, Technical Support Document for Describing Available Cancer Potency Factors, April 1999. C) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part I, The Determination of Acute Reference Exposure Levels for Airborne Toxicants.

A URF is defined as the estimated upper-confidence limit (usually 95%) probability of aperson contracting cancer as a result of constant exposure to a concentration of 1µg/m3 over a 70-year lifetime. In other words, using the URF for Perc as an example, which is 5.9 x 10-6 (microgram per cubic meter)-1 or (µg/m3)-1, the potential excess cancer risk for a personcontinuously exposed over a 70-year lifetime to 1µg/m3 of Perc is estimated to be no greater than5.9 chances in 1 million (OEHHA, 1999b).

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An REL is used as an indicator of potential non-cancer adverse health effects. An REL isdefined as a concentration level at or below which no adverse health effects are anticipated. Reference Exposure Levels are designed to protect most sensitive individuals in the populationby including safety factors in their development and can be created for both acute and chronicexposures. An acute exposure is defined as one or a series of short-term exposures generallylasting less than 24 hours. Consistent with risk guidelines, a 1-hour exposure is used todetermine acute non-cancer impacts (CAPCOA, 1993). Chronic exposure is defined as long-term exposure usually lasting from one year to a lifetime.

C. Potential Health Effects of Perchloroethylene, Methylene Chloride, andTrichloroethylene

This section summarizes the cancer and non-cancer impacts that can result from exposureto Perc, MeCl, and TCE.

1. Perchloroethylene

Exposure to Perc may result in both cancer and non-cancer health effects. The probableroute of human exposure to Perc is inhalation (ARB, 1997b).

a. Cancer

The OEHHA staff has performed an extensive assessment of the potential health effectsof Perc, reviewing available carcinogenicity data. OEHHA concluded that Perc is a potentialhuman carcinogen with no identifiable threshold below which no carcinogenic effects are likelyto occur. The Board formally identified Perc as a toxic air contaminant (TAC) in October 1991(ARB, 1991a). The State of California under Proposition 65 listed Perc as a carcinogen inApril 1988 (OEHHA, 1999c). Table VI-1 presents the current health effects values that are usedin this HRA for determining the potential health impacts.

In 1990, the U.S. Congress listed Perc as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) in subsection(b) of Section 112 of the Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412). The U.S. EPA has classifiedPerc in Group B2/C, as a probable human carcinogen, on the basis of sufficient evidence forcarcinogenicity in animals and inadequate evidence in humans. The International Agency forResearch on Cancer (IARC) has classified Perc in Group 2A, as a probable human carcinogen,based on sufficient evidence in animals and limited evidence in humans (ARB, 1997b).

Epidemiological studies have provided some indication that the use of dry cleaningsolvents, primarily Perc, poses an increased risk of cancer for exposed workers. However,investigators were unable to differentiate among exposures to various solvents, and otherpossible confounding factors, like smoking, were not evaluated. Perc increased the incidence ofhepatocellular tumors in laboratory mice after oral and inhalation exposure and mononuclear cellleukemia and kidney tumors in rats after inhalation (ARB, 1997b).

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b. Non-Cancer

Short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) exposure to Perc may result in non-cancerhealth effects. Acute toxic health effects resulting from short term exposure to high levels ofPerc may include headaches, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and irritation or burns on the skin, eyes,or respiratory tract. Massive acute doses can induce central nervous system depression resultingin respiratory failure. Chronic exposure to lower Perc concentration levels may result indizziness, impaired judgement and perception, and damage to the liver and kidneys(ARB, 1996b). Workers have shown signs of liver toxicity following chronic exposure to Perc,as well as kidney dysfunction and neurological effects. Effects on the liver, kidney, and centralnervous systems from chronic inhalation exposure to Perc have been reported in animal studies(ARB, 1997b).

In addition to CAPCOA and OEHHA listing Perc as having acute and chronic non-cancerRELs (CAPCOA, 1993; OEHHA, 1999a), the U.S.EPA established an oral Reference Dose(RfD) for Perc of 0.01 milligrams per kilogram per day based on hepatotoxicity in mice andweight gain in rats. The U.S. EPA has not established a Reference Concentration (RfC) for Perc(ARB, 1997b). Table VI-1 presents the current health effects values that are used in this HRAfor determining the potential health impacts.

Epidemiological studies of women working in the dry cleaning industry showed someadverse reproductive effects, such as menstrual disorders and spontaneous abortions, but studydesign prevented significant conclusions. Women exposed to drinking water contaminated withsolvents including Perc, showed some evidence of birth defects. Inhalation exposure of pregnantrodents to 300 parts per million Perc produced maternal toxicity and fetotoxicity manifested asdevelopmental delays and altered performance in behavioral tests in the offspring of exposedmice and rats. However, Perc is not considered to be a teratogen (ARB, 1997b).

2. Methylene Chloride

Exposure to MeCl (also known as dichloromethane) may result in both cancer andnon-cancer health effects. The probable route of human exposure to MeCl is inhalation(ARB, 1997b).

a. Cancer

The OEHHA staff has performed an extensive assessment of the potential health effectsof MeCl, reviewing available carcinogenicity data. The OEHHA staff agreed with U.S. EPA andIARC that MeCl is either a possible or probable human carcinogen with no identifiable threshold

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below which no carcinogenic effects are likely to occur. The Board formally identified MeCl asa toxic air contaminant (TAC) in July 1989 (ARB, 1989). The State of California underProposition 65 listed MeCl as a carcinogen in April 1988 (OEHHA, 1999c). Table VI-1 presentsthe current health effects values that are used in this HRA for determining the potential healthimpacts.

In 1990, the U.S. Congress listed MeCl as a HAP in subsection (b) of Section 112 of theFederal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412). The U.S. EPA has classified MeCl in Group B2, as aprobable human carcinogen. The IARC has classified MeCl in Group 2B, as a possible humancarcinogen (ARB, 1997b).

b. Non-Cancer

Short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) exposure to MeCl may result in non-cancerhealth effects. MeCl vapor is irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. It is also a centralnervous system depressant including decreased visual and auditory functions and may causeheadache, nausea, and vomiting. Acute toxic health effects resulting from short term exposure tohigh levels of MeCl may include pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythmias, and loss ofconsciousness. Chronic exposure can lead to bone marrow, hepatic, and renal toxicity. MeCl ismetabolized by the liver with resultant carboxyhemoglobin formation (ARB, 1997b).

In addition to CAPCOA and OEHHA listing MeCl as having acute and chronic non-cancer RELs (CAPCOA, 1993; OEHHA 1999a), the U.S.EPA established an oral ReferenceDose (RfD) for MeCl of 0.06 milligrams per kilogram per day based on liver toxicity in rats, andis currently reviewing a Reference Concentration (RfC) (ARB, 1997b). Table VI-1 presents thecurrent health effects values that are used in this HRA for determining the potential healthimpacts.

No information on adverse reproductive effects in humans from inhalation or oralexposure has been found, but fetotoxicity was observed in pregnant rodents exposed byinhalation to high concentrations of MeCl throughout pregnancy as evidenced by reduced fetalbody weight and reduced skeletal ossification (ARB, 1997b).

3. Trichloroethylene

Exposure to Trichloroethylene (TCE) may result in both cancer and non-cancer healtheffects. The probable routes of human exposure to TCE are inhalation and ingestion (ARB, 1997b).

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a. Cancer

The OEHHA staff has performed an extensive assessment of the potential health effectsof TCE, reviewing available carcinogenicity data. The OEHHA staff agrees with U.S. EPA andIARC that TCE is a probable human carcinogen with no identifiable threshold below which nocarcinogenic effects are likely to occur. The Board formally identified TCE as a toxic aircontaminant (TAC) in October 1990 (ARB, 1990a). The State of California under Proposition65 listed TCE as a carcinogen in April, 1988 (OEHHA, 1999c). Table VI-1 presents the currenthealth effects values that are used in this HRA for determining the potential health impacts.

In 1990, the U.S. EPA listed TCE as a HAP pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 112 ofthe Federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412). The U.S. EPA has classified TCE in Group B2/C,as a probable human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifiedTCE in Group 2A, as a probable human carcinogen, based on sufficient evidence in animals andlimited evidence in humans (ARB, 1997b).

The U.S. EPA considers the epidemiologic data on TCE carcinogenicity in humans to beinconclusive. Increases in testicular cancer have been reported in inhalation studies in animals. Carcinogenic responses to TCE inhalation studies in animals are increased incidences ofhepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma in male mice; lung adenocarcinomas and malignantlymphomas in female mice; malignant liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice; and renal tumors in rats(ARB, 1997b).

b. Non-Cancer

Short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) exposure to TCE may result in non-cancerhealth effects. TCE is a central nervous system depressant and has been used as an anesthetic. Itis mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Occupational exposure to TCE has resultedin nausea, headache, loss of appetite, weakness, dizziness, ataxia, and tremors. Acute exposuresto high concentrations has caused irreversible cardiac arrhythmias, nerve and liver damage anddeath. Chronic exposure to TCE has also been shown to cause respiratory irritation, renaltoxicity, and immune system depression. Alcohol consumption in humans increases the toxicityof TCE and causes "degreaser's flush", which are red blotches on the skin (ARB, 1997b).

A chronic non-cancer REL is listed in the California Air Pollution Control OfficersAssociation (CAPCOA), Revised 1992, Risk Assessment Guidelines, October 1993. Table VI-1presents the current health effects values that are used in this HRA for determining the potentialhealth impacts. The U.S. EPA currently is reviewing the Reference Concentration (RfC) and theoral Reference Dose (RfD) for TCE (ARB, 1997b).

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There is inadequate information to determine whether TCE causes reproductive toxicityin humans. One study reported increased miscarriages in nurses exposed to TCE as well as otheranesthetics. An association was found between elevated levels of contaminants, including TCE,in drinking water and congenital heart disease in children. Other studies have not reportedadverse reproductive effects in humans exposed to TCE in drinking water. In animal studies, anincrease in abnormal sperm morphology in mice exposed by inhalation was reported. Exposureof rats and mice to TCE by inhalation causes a significant delay in fetal maturation and anincrease in embryotoxicity (ARB, 1997b).

D. Factors that Affect the Outcome of a Health Risk Assessment at AutomotiveMaintenance and Repair Facilities

Factors that affect the outcome of potential health impacts at AMR facilities from the useof aerosol and liquid products that contain some combination of Perc, MeCl, or TCE include:(1) the concentration of Perc, MeCl, or TCE in the product(s) used; (2) the facility operatingschedule; (3) product use; (4) the physical dimensions of the facility; and (5) local meteorology. The combinations of these factors will ultimately determine the potential impact. Due to thevariability of these factors, the potential health impacts can also vary. For example, if only thePerc-content were to increase, and all other factors were held constant, the resulting potentialhealth impacts would also increase. Ultimately, each scenario of interest must be independentlyanalyzed to determine the impacts of the individual factors.

To provide perspective for some of the factors that can affect the HRA results, adiscussion looking at the variability of meteorological data sets on specific and generic facilities,the brake job frequency, and building orientation at the generic facilities is provided here for yourinformation. Variability arises from differences in the characteristics of facilities, or inputs usedin the models, such as the period of meteorological data, or differences in brake job frequenciesweek to week. In short, variability can be thought of as the natural variation in conditions orparameters. We are also including a qualitative discussion of the uncertainties in the HRAprocess. Uncertainty is defined as a lack of knowledge about factors that impact risk whereuncertainty may be reduced by further study (U.S. EPA, 1995c). In short, uncertainty can bethought of as the level of confidence in estimating a particular condition or parameter. Variabilityand uncertainty can be interrelated in the HRA process.

Meteorological conditions can be a source of variability in an HRA. Annual average,model-estimated concentrations from representative off-site meteorological data were used todetermine the potential cancer risk and non-cancer hazard indices for 13 specific and threegeneric facilities using ISCST3. Maximum-hourly concentrations were used to determine thenon-cancer acute hazard indices. The methods used to obtain these concentration are consistentwith current risk assessment guidance (CAPCOA, 1993). The modeling analyses are discussedin Appendix D and example calculations using this information are in Appendix C.

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If source-specific operating conditions are held constant, changes in the meteorology willdrive any changes in the health impact estimates. That is, because meteorology conditions varyfrom hour-to-hour and year-to-year, so too will the health impact estimates. In addition,meteorological conditions will vary depending upon which region of the state a facility is located. The meteorology data sets used in this HRA represent collection periods of as long as six yearsand are representative of 10 different regions.

Another situation where variability is present in the HRA is the number of brake jobsperformed per week. If all other variables remain constant, the potential health impacts areproportional to the number of jobs performed at the facility; therefore, if half the jobs areperformed, then the potential health impacts are halved, if the jobs double, the potential healthimpacts double. In addition to the number of jobs impacting the results, if the nature of theservices provided at the facility changes or the brand of product changes these too can impactresults. For this HRA, we used the data from our survey data and site visits to estimate that small(G-01) facilities perform 20 brake jobs per week and medium (G-02), and large (G-03) facilitiesboth perform 60 brake jobs per week. The results in Tables VI-7 to VI-13 reflect thisassumption.

The building orientation is another parameter that can provide variability in dispersioncharacteristics and therefore the range of concentration and potential health impacts. Forexample, rectangular buildings can be arranged so that they are oriented with the smallest sideparallel (or at zero degrees), diagonal (or forty-five degrees), or the shorter side perpendicular(ninety degrees) to the predominant wind direction. A building orientation of zero, ninety, andforty-five degrees will yield the highest to lowest concentrations, respectively. For use inmodeling generic facilities, the zero orientation was chosen because it is impossible to predict theorientation of the approximately 25,000 AMR facilities in California. By choosing thisorientation with default meteorological data, the wind direction is oriented along the length of therectangle buildings producing maximum concentrations. This practice provides confidence thatin most cases we are sure to encompass the potential health impacts of any facility in the State. To evaluate the generic facilities with representative off-site meteorology, the facilities wereoriented in the same standard position, however, the representative off-site meteorology was notforced along the length of the rectangle buildings. This exercise provides a range of variabilitythat could result from the three generic facilities using both default and regional meteorologicaldata. See Appendix D for a detailed discussion of the air dispersion modeling methodology usedfor generic facilities including a sensitivity analysis discussion illustrating the effects of buildingorientation under default meteorological conditions.

Risk assessment is a complex process which requires the integration of many variables that are intended to simulate real-life processes. Although ARB staff used current California riskassessment methodology, including the most recent cancer potency factors and referenceexposure levels, and U.S. EPA approved air dispersion models to conduct the health riskassessments, there is uncertainty in health risk assessment.

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An example of uncertainty included in the derivation of its health values used in the riskassessment is the extrapolation of toxicity data from animals to humans. Other examples ofuncertainty in an HRA are included in the air dispersion models. For example, whilerepresentative off-site meteorological data provides an improved estimate of the dispersion ofemissions from a facility over default meteorological data, regional meteorological data is notnecessarily site specific. Since regional meteorological data for the facility is not compiled at theactual facility site, there is some uncertainty in the modeled results. Due to microenvironmentalfactors, the representative off-site meteorological data can either overestimate or underestimatemodeled concentrations at AMR facilities. It should be noted that when site-specific orrepresentative off-site meteorological data is not available default meteorological data is typicallyused. Default meteorology data consists of a standard range of tabulated meteorologicalconditions. The intent of applying default meteorological conditions is to gain an understandingof the worst-case meteorology that could result in a maximum ground-level impact caused by aparticular source.

Effects of exposure to more than one carcinogen or toxicant are also not quantified in riskassessment (CAPCOA, 1993). For example, compounds may act synergistically where effectsare greater than additive. Compounds may also have antagonistic effects where effects are lessthan additive. In these cases, the risk assessment could overestimate or underestimate thepotential risks.

Although we are not able to quantify uncertainty in this HRA, to help address thevariability in risk assessment, we have provided ranges in our risk assessment results regardingproduct content and usage, meteorological data sets, building orientation impacts, and receptortype.

E. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts from Automotive Maintenance andRepair Facilities

This section presents the potential health impacts from four types of analyses that wereperformed for AMR facilities. These four analyses include the results from 54 site-specificHRAs at facilities where site visits were completed. For these 54 facilities, the individualcarcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts at near source, residential, and worker receptorlocations were estimated. Secondly, for 13 of these 54 specific facilities, the regional cancer riskwas also evaluated. The third exercise was the estimation of individual receptor potential cancerand non-cancer health impacts from three representative generic facilities. These genericfacilities were established utilizing the information from the 137 site visits and two surveys thattargeted AMR facilities and product manufacturers. The three generic facilities are modeledusing ten representative off-site meteorological data sets and also were evaluated with defaultmeteorological conditions to simulate a location where regional meteorological data was not

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available. These ten meteorological data sets are the same as the ones used for 13 of the site-specific facilities in exercise one and all of the facilities in exercise two. The fourth analysisuses data from ARB’s ambient monitoring network to estimate the statewide cancer impactsfrom the use of Perc, MeCl, and TCE in AMR activities.

1. Potential Individual Receptor Impacts at Specific Facilities

The ARB staff conducted individual HRAs for 54 of the facilities staff visited and foundto be using Perc, MeCl, or TCE-containing automotive consumer products. These facilitiesrepresent a broad range of AMR facilities and allow for a reasonable approximation of healthimpacts statewide. These 54 facilities are a subset of the 137 AMR facilities where ARB staffhas conducted site visits. The other 83 facilities were not assessed because they did not use Perc,MeCl, or TCE-containing products. See Appendix D for a detailed presentation of the airdispersion modeling inputs and results for each of the 54 HRAs. Appendix C provides anexample calculation illustrating how the outputs from these models are used to calculate potentialhealth impacts.

All 54 HRAs at specific facilities used facility dimensions, emission releasecharacteristics, operating schedule, product use, and product content information that wasobtained during the site visits. The two air dispersion models that were used during this HRA areSCREEN3, version 96043, and ISCST3, version 97363. Thirteen of the 54 HRAs were refinedHRAs that used representative off-site meteorological data and were performed using theISCST3 air dispersion model. The selection criteria that was used to determine which facilitieswould be run with ISCST3 can be found in Appendix F. Forty-one of the HRAs used defaultmeteorological data and the SCREEN3 air dispersion model.

Table VI-2 provides an overview of the potential health impacts from the 54 specificfacility HRAs. These 54 facilities are divided into three groups. The first group contains 29 facilities that use Perc and were run with default meteorology data. The second group wasalso run with default meteorology and includes 12 facilities that used products withmulticomponent formulations of Perc and MeCl, or Perc and TCE. The third group has 13 facilities, all used Perc, and were run with ISCST3 using representative off-site meteorologydata. Table VI-2 also includes columns that reflect the number of facilities in each modeledgroup and at each receptor type with potential cancer risks above ten chances per million and onechance per million. In addition, also noted in Table VI-2 are the number of facilities withpotential non-cancer hazard indices above one. These results are presented for informationpurposes only.

Overall, Table VI-2 shows potential carcinogenic risk ranging from <0.01 to 60 chancesper million. All three receptor types, (the near source, maximum exposed individual resident(MEIR), and the maximum exposed individual (off-site) worker (MEIW)) show individualpotential cancer risks toward the higher end of this range of potential cancer risk. Regardingnon-cancer impacts from the site visits, the modeling results and hazard index estimates show

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that it is unlikely for significant acute or chronic non-cancer health effects to result from theemissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from these facilities. In addition, both the chronic and acutehazard indices are less than 0.3 at near-source, MEIR, and MEIW locations. Generally, hazardindices less than 1.0 are not considered to be a concern to public health. Tables VI-3 to VI-5present the individual cancer and non-cancer (acute and chronic) potential health impacts foreach of the 54 specific facilities at the near-source, MEIR, and MEIW locations, respectively.

Annual average concentrations from representative off-site meteorological data were usedto determine the potential cancer risk and non-cancer hazard indices presented for the 13facilities using ISCST3 in Table VI-2. Maximum-hourly concentrations were used to determinethe non-cancer acute hazard indices. The methods used to obtain these concentrations areconsistent with current risk assessment guidance (CAPCOA, 1993).

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Table VI-2. Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Fifty-Four Specific Facilities1

GroupedModelRuns 2

(n=54)

Rec.Type 3

ReceptorDistances 4

(m)

PotentialCancerRisk 5

(x/million)

No. Fac.6

Above 10 Per

Million

No.Fac.6

Above 1 Per

Million

Range ofAcute HazardIndices

Range ofChronic HazardIndices

No. Fac.

Above H.I.

of 1 6,7

Perc 8

(n=29)(SCREEN3)

NS 20 to 30 0.08 to 50 12 24 <0.01 to <0.2 <0.01 to <0.3 0

MEIR 6 to 802 0.01 to 22 5 14 <0.01 to <0.2 <0.01 to <0.2 0

MEIW9 6 to 483 0.02 to 15 110 19 <0.01 to <0.211 <0.01 to <0.211 0

MultipleComponent12

Product(n=12)

(SCREEN3)

NS 20 to 25 1 to 46 8 12 <0.01 to <0.2 <0.01 to <0.3 0

MEIR 20 to 2414 <0.01 to 35 2 8 <0.01 to < 0.08 <0.01 to <0.2 0

MEIW9 3 to 49 >0.611 to 23 210 10 <0.01 to <0.211 <0.01 to <0.311 010

Perc 8 (n=13)

(ISCST3)

NS 32 to 51 2 to 60 10 13 <0.01 to <0.2 <0.02 to <0.3 0

MEIR 25 to 146 0.05 to 60 6 10 <0.01 to <0.04 <0.01 to <0.3 0

MEIW9 24 to 151 0.3 to 11 1 11 <0.01 to <0.2 <0.01 to <0.2 0

1. All numbers have been rounded.2. Modeled facilities are divided into three groups of 29, 12, and 13 facilities. The first group is run using the SCREEN3 model with only Perc-containing products. The second group was run using SCREEN3 with automotive products that contain combination formulations of Perc/MeCl and Perc/TCE. The third group was run using ISCST3 at facilities that use Perc-containing automotive products.3. Results are presented for three receptor types. NS (near-source) identifies the location closest to the facility where modeled concentrations could be estimated. MEIR (maximum exposed individual resident) represents the residential location that receives the estimated maximum exposure from a facility’s emissions. MEIW (maximum exposed individual (off-site) worker) identifies the off-site industrial or commercial location that receives the estimated maximum exposure from a facility’s emissions. 4. The distance for the near-source receptor is measured from the center of the volume source. The distance listed for the MEIR and MEIW receptors is the estimated distance away from the outside edge of the building to the residential or worker receptor.5. Potential cancer risk presented in this column reflect the range of results for each modeled group by receptor type. 6. These columns reflect the number of facilities in each modeled group and at each receptor type with potential health impacts above ten chances per million, one chance per million, and hazard indices above one. These results are presented for information purposes only.7. Includes both chronic and acute hazard indices.8. These facilities use Perc-containing automotive products which show a Perc content range on the MSDS.9. Where appropriate, the potential cancer risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed.10. The number of facilities may be higher than is listed here because the location of some receptors is closer than the minimum modeled distance. We are unable to predict potential pollutant concentrations and health impacts within the minimum modeled distance. When receptors are located closer than the minimum modeled distance, the potential impacts at the minimum modeled distance are used. 11. The MEIW is located within 20 to 30 meters of the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate the impacts to be higher than a hazard index of 1. 12. These facilities use products with multcomponent formulation of Perc/MeCl or Perc/TCE.

VI-15

a. Potential Health Impacts at the Near Source Location for the Specific Facilities

Table VI-3 summarizes the maximum potential cancer and non-cancer health impacts ateach of the 54 specific facilities. The maximum potential health impacts are estimated to occurat near-source locations. Overall, Table VI-3 shows potential carcinogenic risk ranging from0.05 to 60 chances per million. Non-cancer acute and chronic hazard indices are less than 0.3 atnear-source location. Generally, hazard indices less than 1.0 are not considered to be a concernto public health.

For these 54 facilities, we selected a minimum receptor distance of 20 to 51 meters fromthe center of the volume source or building to define a near-source location. The reason theminimum modeled distance varies by facility is because the air dispersion models must allow forthe building dimensions or footprint. The purpose of estimating the potential health impacts at anear-source location is to illustrate what the potential health impacts can be if a receptor waslocated close to the facilities which were assessed, rather than having an increased “buffer”distance between the receptor location and the edge of the building. During the 137 site visits,ARB staff observed that receptors are present within 51 meters at 87 of the AMR facilities. For abreakdown of the number of facilities with residential and worker receptors within 20, 30, 50 and100 meters that were observed during the site visits see Table V-12.

VI-16

Table VI-3. Summary of the Specific Facility Near-Source Potential Health Impacts 1,2

Facility(n=54)

Facility Type Individual CancerRisk (per million)

Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex

Group A = Perc-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3 (N=29)

E 3 Service Station 2.0 to 2.9 <0.06 <0.02

H 3 Fleet 0.3 to 0.4 <0.01 <0.01

L 3 Service Station 4.7 to 6.8 <0.2 <0.04

N Dealership 3.7 <0.01 <0.02

Q 3 General Automotive 27 to 39 <0.2 <0.2

R 3 General Automotive 35 to 50 <0.05 <0.3

V Brake Shop 0.5 <0.01 <0.01

A-13 3 General Automotive 0.08 to 0.1 <0.01 <0.01



A-163 General Automotive 4.0 to 5.9 <0.02 <0.03

A-21 3 Brake Shop 3.7 to 5.0 <0.04 <0.03

A-29 3 Fleet 24 to 35 <0.05 <0.2

A-30 3 Fleet 3.1 to 10 <0.05 <0.06

A-31 3 General Automotive 11 to 16 <0.02 <0.08


A-35 3 Brake Shop 3.9 to 5.6 <0.2 <0.03

A-36 3 Dealership 22 to 31 <0.04 <0.2



A-54 3 General Automotive 8.9 to 13 <0.09 <0.07


A-84 General Automotive 23 <0.09 <0.2

A-87 3 Dealership 11 to 19 <0.02 <0.1

VI-17

Table VI-3. Summary of the Specific Facility Near-Source Potential Health Impacts (continued) 1,2

Facility(n=54)


Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex

Group A = Perc-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3 (N=29) (continued)



A-90 3 Service Station 6.0 to 8.7 <0.3 <0.05



Group B = Multicomponent-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3 4 (N=12)

D Service Station 18 <0.09 <0.09

G Fleet 22 <0.05 <0.2

M Dealership 46 <0.1 <0.3

S Brake Shop 12 <0.02 <0.06


A-39 General Automotive 9.7 <0.01 <0.04







Group C = Perc-Using Facilities Modeled with ISCST3 (N=13)




A-28 3 Fleet 12 to 18 <0.03 <0.09


VI-18

Table VI-3. Summary of the Specific Facility Near-Source Potential Health Impacts (continued) 1,2

Facility(n=54)


Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex

Group C = Perc-Using Facilities Modeled with ISCST3 (N=13) (continued)


A-86 3 Dealership 8.0 to 13 <0.01 <0.07


I 3 Fleet 11 to 16 <0.03 <0.08

O 3 General Automotive 4.5 to 6.6 <0.2 <0.04

P 3 Brake Shop 2.3 to 3.3 <0.01 <0.02

T General Automotive 15 <0.02 <0.08

U 3 General Automotive 19 to 28 <0.02 <0.2 1. Near-source is defined as the modeled minimum receptor distance of 20 to 51 meters from the building center, or ranging from 2 to 40 meters away from the outside edge of the building. 2. All numbers have been rounded. 3. These facilities use a Perc-containing automotive products which shows a Perc-content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); therefore, a range is presented for the potential cancer risk. 4. These facilities use products with multicomponent formulations of Perc/MeCl or Perc/TCE.

b. Potential Health Impacts at the MEIR for the Specific Facilities

Table VI-4 summarizes the potential cancer and non-cancer health impacts at themaximum exposed individual resident (MEIR). The MEIR is defined as the residential receptorlocation that receives the estimated maximum exposure from a facility’s emissions relative toother residential locations. Overall, Table VI-4 shows the MEIR potential carcinogenic riskrange from <0.01 to 60 chances per million. Non-cancer acute and chronic hazard indices areless than 0.3 at the MEIR location. Generally, hazard indices less than 1.0 are not considered tobe a concern to public health. An example calculation is presented in Appendix C illustratinghow a facility’s potential health impacts were assessed. This example shows emissioncalculations, steps through the air dispersion modeling, and concludes with a calculation ofpotential health impacts.

A contributing factor to any decrease in potential risk at the MEIR is the increased“buffer” distance created by the facility fence line or the location of the nearest resident whencompared to the near-source location. The distance to the MEIR at the specific facilities wasestimated to range from approximately 6 to 2414 meters.

VI-19

Table VI-4. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum Exposed Individual Resident (MEIR) from the Specific Facilities 1

Facility(n=54)

Facility Type ReceptorDistance 2

(meters)

IndividualCancer Risk(per million)

Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex


E 3 Service Station 801 0.01 to 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

H 3 Fleet 802 <0.01 to 0.01 <0.01 <0.01

L 3 Service Station 232 0.2 to 0.3 <0.01 <0.01

N Dealership 400 0.07 <0.01 <0.01

Q 3 General Automotive 76 7.9 to 11 <0.06 <0.06

R 3 General Automotive 46 15 to 22 <0.02 <0.2

V 4 Brake Shop 6 >0.5 <0.015 <0.015

A-13 3 General Automotive 73 0.01 to 0.02 <0.01 <0.01

A-14 3 General Automotive 107 <0.1 <0.01 <0.01



A-21 3 Brake Shop 114 0.4 to 0.5 <0.01 <0.01

A-29 3 Fleet 152 3.3 to 4.8 <0.01 <0.03

A-30 3 Fleet 483 0.1 to 0.4 <0.01 <0.01



A-35 3 Brake Shop 152 0.3 to 0.4 <0.02 <0.01

A-36 3 Dealership 152 1.6 to 2.4 <0.01 <0.02





A-84 General Automotive 38 10 <0.05 <0.05

VI-20

Table VI-4. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum Exposed Individual Resident (MEIR) from the Specific Facilities (continued) 1

Facility(n=54)


(meters)


Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex


A-87 3 Dealership 152 0.9 to 1.5 <0.01 <0.01

A-88 3 General Automotive 12 8.9 to 22 <0.2 <0.2


A-90 3,4 Service Station 14 >6.0 to >8.7 <0.35 <0.055

A-93 3,4 General Automotive 8 >10 to >15 <0.085 <0.085

A-94 3 Service Station 23 1.4 to 2.1 <0.04 <0.02


D Service Station 152 1.6 <0.01 <0.01

G Fleet 398 1.2 <0.01 <0.01

M Dealership 20 35 <0.08 <0.2

S Brake Shop 460 0.2 <0.01 <0.01

A-20 General Automotive 46 8.1 <0.02 <0.04



A-63 General Automotive 2414 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01




A-85 General Automotive 30 23 <0.08 <0.2


A-07 3 General Automotive 27 13 to 19 <0.03 <0.1


A-09 3 General Automotive 25 41 to 60 <0.02 <0.3

A-28 3 Fleet 83 0.9 to 1.4 <0.01 <0.01

VI-21

Table VI-4. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum Exposed Individual Resident (MEIR) from the Specific Facilities (continued) 1

Facility(n=54)


(meters)


Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex

Group C = Perc-Using Facilities Modeled with ISCST3 (N=13) (continued)



A-86 3 Dealership 141 1.3 to 2.2 <0.01 <0.02


I 3 Fleet 146 1.8 to 2.6 <0.01 <0.02

O 3 General Automotive 92 0.05 to 0.07 <0.04 <0.01

P 3 Brake Shop 37 0.2 to 0.3 <0.01 <0.01

T General Automotive 27 13 <0.01 <0.07

U 3 General Automotive 27 19 to 28 <0.02 <0.2 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. The distance listed here is the estimated distance away from the outside edge of the building to the MEIR. 3. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc-content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); therefore, a range is presented for the potential cancer risk. 4. The MEIR is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 to 51 meters.5. The MEIR is located within 20 to 30 meters of the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate the impacts to be higher than a hazard index of 1. 6. These facilities use products with multicomponent formulations of Perc/MeCl or Perc/TCE.

c. Potential Health Impacts at the MEIW for the Specific Facilities

Table VI-5 summarizes the potential cancer and non-cancer health impacts at themaximum exposed individual (off-site) worker (MEIW). The MEIW is defined as the off-siteindustrial or commercial location that receives the estimated maximum exposure from a facility’semissions relative to other industrial or commercial locations.

Overall, Table VI-5 shows the MEIW potential carcinogenic risk range is from 0.02 to 23chances per million. Non-cancer acute and chronic hazard indices are less than 0.3 at near-source location. Generally, hazard indices less than 1.0 are not considered to be a concern

VI-22

to public health. An example calculation is presented in Appendix C that illustrates how afacility’s potential health impacts were assessed. This example shows emission calculations,steps through the air dispersion modeling, and concludes with a calculation of potential healthimpacts.

The distance to the MEIW at these facilities was estimated to range from 3 to 483 meters. Using guidance from OEHHA, the exposure period of an off-site worker was adjusted to allowfor a shorter working lifetime and a shorter operating schedule. This first adjustment is made toallow for a shorter working lifetime, 46 years, rather than a 70-year exposure lifetime which isassumed for residential exposure. The second adjustment which allows for operating schedulesis appropriate only when the operating schedule of the off-site facility does not coincide with, oris shorter than, that of the facility being assessed (OEHHA, 1997).

Table VI-5. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum ExposedIndividual (Off-site) Worker (MEIW) from the Specific Facilities 1

Facility(n=54)


(meters)

IndividualCancer Risk 3

(per million)

Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex


E 4 Service Station 36 0.4 to 0.6 <0.03 <0.01

H 4 Fleet 302 0.02 to 0.03 <0.01 <0.01

L 4 Service Station 27 1.4 to 2.0 <0.08 <0.03

N Dealership 110 0.3 <0.01 <0.01

Q 4 General Automotive 61 5.3 to 7.7 <0.07 <0.07

R 4 General Automotive 30 10 to 15 <0.03 <0.2

V 5 Brake Shop 18 0.2 <0.01 <0.01


A-14 4,5 General Automotive 6 >0.3 to >0.5 <0.03 6 <0.01 6



A-21 4 Brake Shop 12 1.4 to 1.9 <0.03 <0.03

A-29 4 Fleet 322 0.3 to 0.4 <0.01 <0.01

VI-23

Table VI-5. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum ExposedIndividual (Off-site) Worker (MEIW) from the Specific Facilities (continued) 1

Facility(n=54)


(meters)


(per million)

Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex


A-30 4 Fleet 483 0.03 to 0.09 <0.01 <0.01



A-35 4 Brake Shop 15 1.7 to 2.5 <0.2 <0.03

A-36 4 Dealership 76 2.2 to 3.1 <0.02 <0.04





A-84 5 General Automotive 9 >7.9 <0.09 6 <0.2 6

A-87 4 Dealership 46 2.1 to 3.5 <0.01 <0.04



A-90 4,5 Service Station 15 >3.1 to >4.4 <0.3 6 <0.05 6


A-94 4,5 Service Station 9 >1.1 to >1.6 <0.04 6 <0.02 6


D Service Station 32 3.7 <0.04 <0.04

G Fleet 28 8.7 <0.03 <0.08

M Dealership 15 23 <0.09 <0.2

S Brake Shop 41 2.8 <0.01 <0.03





VI-24

Table VI-5. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at the Maximum ExposedIndividual (Off-site) Worker (MEIW) from the Specific Facilities (continued) 1

Facility(n=54)


(meters)


(per million)

Acute HazardIndex

Chronic HazardIndex

Group B = Multicomponent-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3 7 (N=12) (continued)

A-715 General Automotive 15 >0.8 <0.06 6 <0.01 6



A-85 5 General Automotive 8 >21 <0.2 6 <0.3 6





A-28 4 Fleet 122 0.3 to 0.4 <0.01 <0.02



A-86 4 Dealership 151 0.3 to 0.6 <0.01 <0.01


I 4 Fleet 84 1.1 to 1.6 <0.02 <0.03

O 4 General Automotive 24 2.3 to 3.3 <0.2 <0.03

P 4 Brake Shop 27 0.7 to 1.0 <0.01 <0.02

T General Automotive 27 5.7 <0.01 <0.07

U 4 General Automotive 27 2.9 to 4.2 <0.01 <0.051. All numbers have been rounded.2. The distance listed here is the estimated distance from the outside edge of the building to the MEIW.3. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed.4. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc-content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); therefore, a range is presented for the potential cancer risk.5. The MEIW is located closer than 20 to 51 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 to 51 meters. 6. The MEIW is located within 20 to 30 meters of the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate the impacts to be higher than a hazard index of 1.7. These facilities use products with multicomponent formulations of Perc/MeCl or Perc/TCE.

VI-25

2. Regional Cancer Risk from Specific Facilities

For the 13 specific facilities that were modeled using representative off-sitemeteorological data and the ISCST3 model, ARB staff has also estimated the potential regionalcancer risk on the population surrounding each facility. Regional population exposure to Perc,MeCl, and TCE concentrations from each of the 13 specific facilities was estimated by spatiallymatching regional population census data collected from the Department of Finance (DOF) andthe ISCST3 modeling results. To deal with limitations in the population data resolution,estimates of the high and low ranges of concentration were utilized in this analysis. Theseconcentration estimates result in high and low potential cancer risk estimates. See Appendix Dfor a detailed presentation of the regional concentrations from the 13 specific facilities. Appendix C provides a more detailed discussion of the methodology and an example calculationthat converts the modeled regional concentrations found in Appendix D to cancer risk estimates.

Table VI-6 summarizes the data in Appendix D by providing, for each of the 13 specificfacilities, the range of annual average concentrations anticipated over a one-kilometer grid-cellcentered on each facility. This table also provides the range of corresponding potential cancerrisk, the average one-kilometer grid-cell population, and the near source, MEIR, and MEIWindividual potential cancer risk. The lower end of the concentration range at each facilityprovides an estimate of the average concentration that all of the receptors are exposed to withinthe one-kilometer grid-cell. The upper end of the concentration range illustrates the modeledmaximum annual concentration that is anticipated near each facility where high concentrationgradients may exist. Due to the resolution of the census data, we are unable to estimate thepopulation exposed to the upper end of the concentration range; however, some of the populousare exposed at or near these concentrations due to the proximity of adjacent receptors asevidenced in the MEIR and MEIW analyses.

Overall, Table VI-6 shows that the populous around the 13 specific facilities are exposedto a range of potential cancer risk of 0.006 to 60 chances per million. The range of individualcancer risk estimates are also included in Table VI-6 to put the one-kilometer grid-cellconcentrations and risk into perspective with the individual cancer risk shown in Tables VI-2 to VI-5. As stated above, the near source, MEIR, and MEIW locations are indicativeof the upper range of the concentrations and potential cancer risk that is estimated within one-kilometer of each of the 13 facilities.

As mentioned prior, the spatial resolution of the population data is a limiting factor to thisanalysis. That is, model results indicate that ambient air concentrations rapidly decrease atdistances farther than 100 meters from each facility or one-tenth of a grid-cell. Thus, thereported average concentration experienced within the central one-kilometer square grid-cell islower that the average concentration experienced within a 100-meter radius of each facility. With the utilized population data and analysis tools, we are unable to quantify the populousliving within 100 meters from each source, that will generally experience the higherconcentrations. Use of more highly resolved population data, land-use data, and parcel maps

VI-26

could refine such estimates. Improvements in the availability of digitized census informationdown to the block level (e.g., 70 to 100 persons) in a Geographic Information System (GIS)format is key to improving the estimation of regional or near field population exposure estimates. In addition to the digitized block level census data, digitized parcel or land use data and highresolution street maps in a GIS format are other key requirements for improving these estimates.

Table VI-6. Summary of the Potential Regional Population and Individual Cancer Risk for the Thirteen Specific Facilities Modeled with ISCST3 1,2

Facility(n=13)

Range Of Facility 3

Specific AnnualAverage Conc. In

One-Kilometer Grid-Cell(ug/m3)

Range OfCancer Risk InOne-Kilometer

Grid-Cell(chances per

million)

1998Average

PopulationWithin

One-KilometerGrid-Cell

Individual Cancer Risk (chances per million)

Near Source

MaximumExposedResident

MaximumExposedWorker 4

A-07 4.7 E-3 to 3.3 0.03 to 19 5,843 19 19 3.4

A-08 9.3 E-3 to 7.0 0.05 to 41 5,628 41 11 11

A-09 6.4 E-2 to 10.1 0.4 to 60 2,155 60 60 6.7

A-28 1.0 E-2 to 3.0 0.06 to 18 2,501 18 1.4 0.4

A-52 3.3 E-3 to 1.8 0.02 to 11 3,971 11 3.0 4.9

A-83 2.5 E-2 to 3.0 0.1 to 18 732 18 14 6.2

A-86 9.1 E-3 to 2.2 0.05 to 13 1,845 13 2.2 0.6

A-92 9.8 E-4 to 0.8 0.006 to 4.7 3,399 4.7 0.5 2.0

I 5.8 E-2 to 2.7 0.3 to 16 1,408 16 2.6 1.6

O 1.0 E-2 to 1.1 0.06 to 6.6 1,930 6.6 0.07 3.3

P 4.6 E-3 to 0.6 0.03 to 3.3 2,369 3.3 0.3 1.0

T 4.2 E-3 to 2.5 0.02 to 15 6,603 15 13 5.7

U 2.4 E-2 to 4.7 0.1 to 28 3,683 28 28 4.21. All numbers have been rounded.2. The higher end of the Perc-content range was used for facilities that use Perc-containing automotive products that show a Perc-content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).3. Column entries derived by multiplying the unit emission rate concentrations presented in Appendix C by the upper Perc-content range facility specific emissions rate presented in Table D-17 of Appendix D. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed.

VI-27

3. Potential Individual Health Impacts from Generic Facilities

In addition to assessing the potential health impacts at the 54 specific facilities, ARB staffalso conducted an HRA for three representative generic facilities (G-01, G-02, and G-03). Thesegeneric facilities were established utilizing the information from the 137 site visits, discussionswith industry representatives, and two surveys that targeted AMR facilities and productsmanufacturers. The characteristics of the generic facilities represent the range of characteristicsexhibited by the research of actual facilities and allow for the reasonable approximation of healthimpacts statewide.

The generic facility assessments were run with the ISCST3 air dispersion model and theresulting concentrations were used to estimate individual receptor potential cancer and non-cancer health impacts. The three generic facilities are modeled using ten representative off-site meteorological data sets and also were evaluated with default meteorological conditionsto simulate a location where regional meteorological data was not available. These tenmeteorological data sets are the same as those used for 13 of the site-specific facilities (group c)in exercise one and all facilities in exercise two. See Appendix F for a discussion outlining howthe generic facilities were defined and Appendix D for a list of the meteorologic data sets. Appendix C provides an example calculation illustrating how modeled concentrations are used toestimate potential cancer and non-cancer health impacts.

In addition to evaluating these generic facilities for the use of brake cleaning products,estimates of the potential health impacts from the use of engine degreasers, carburetor-choke cleaner, and general degreasers were also completed. Section four of Appendix D includes adetailed presentation of the modeled concentrations from the three generic facilities using all fourtypes of automotive consumer products. Appendix F outlines the emissions, usage, and contentassumptions that were used for the three other product categories. The inputs for the genericmodeling are listed in Appendix D.

Tables VI-7 and VI-8 provide an overview of the potential health impacts from the threegeneric facility HRAs using Perc-containing brake cleaners. These tables show the range ofcancer and non-cancer health impacts at the minimum modeled distance using representative off-site meteorological data and default conditions, respectively. We are summarizing the healthimpacts from Perc-only brake products in Tables VI-7 and VI-8, rather than other formulations,because the health impacts of this formulation exhibit the highest potential health impacts.

The purpose of showing these health impacts at these receptor distances is becausereceptors do reside in close proximity to AMR facilities. During the 137 site visits, ARB staffobserved that receptors are present within 51 meters at 87 of the AMR facilities. For abreakdown of the number of facilities with residential and worker receptors within 20, 30, 50 and100 meters that were observed during the site visits see Table V-12.

VI-28

Table VI-7 shows that the potential carcinogenic risk for a near source, residentialreceptor over all ten representative off-site meteorological sets range from approximately 18 to 64 chances per million at the smallest facility (G-01). The middle facility (G-02) potential near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 28 to 110 chances per million and at thelargest facility (G-03), the near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 15 to 50chances per million. Note, however, that modeled concentrations and potential risk could beeither higher or lower depending on the actual building orientation and regional location. SeeAppendix D for a sensitivity analysis discussion illustrating the effects of building orientationunder default meteorological conditions.

Table VI-8 which presents the results using default meteorology, shows the facility G-01near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 61 to 89 chances per million, facility G-02 near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 86 to 125 chances per million, andat facility G-03, the residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 38 to 56 chances per million.

Regarding non-cancer impacts from the generic facilities, the modeling results and hazardindex estimates in Tables VI-7 and VI-8 show that it is unlikely for significant acute or chronicnon-cancer health effects to result from the emissions of Perc-containing brake cleaners. Both thechronic and acute hazard indices are less than 0.6 at the minimum modeled distance. Generally,hazard indices less than 1.0 are not considered to be a concern to public health.

Table VI-7. Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Three Generic Facilities Using Off-site Representative Meteorology 1

GenericFacilities

Rec.Type 2

DistanceFrom

BuildingCenter 3

(m)

Off-site Representative Meteorology 4

Range of Cancer Risk 5

(x/million)Range of Acute Hazard Indices

Range of Chronic Hazard Indices

G-01Resident 20 18 to 64 <0.05 to <0.09 <0.09 to <0.4

Worker 7.6 to 27


Worker 12 to 47


Worker 6.3 to 21 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the center of the facility to the receptor. 4. Annual average and maximum hourly concentrations for all ten meteorological sets are listed in Appendix D. 5. The range reflects two common Perc concentrations observed in specific facility modeling.

VI-29

Table VI-8. Overview of the Potential Health Impacts for the Three Generic Facilities Using Default Meteorology 1

GenericFacilities

Rec.Type 2

DistanceFrom

BuildingEdge 3

(m)

Default Conditions 4

Range of Cancer Risk 5

(x/million)Range of Acute Hazard Indices

Range of Chronic Hazard Indices


Worker 26 to 38


Worker 36 to 53


Worker 16 to 24 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the edge of the facility to the receptor. 4. Meteorological conditions were taken from the SCREEN3 model. See Appendix D for more modeling information. 5. The range reflects two common Perc concentrations observed in specific facility modeling.

Tables VI-9 to VI-11 present the individual cancer and non-cancer (acute and chronic)potential health impacts for the three generic facilities using three specific meteorological datasets that span the range of modeled concentrations. These three regional meteorological data setsare for Oakland, Burbank, and Anaheim. These three locations provide a lower, medium, andhigher concentrations, respectively. To select these three meteorological data sets, we evaluatedthe annual concentrations from all ten meteorological data sets. All concentrations and resultingpotential health impacts are provided for all ten meteorological data sets in Appendix D. TableVI-12 presents the potential health impacts for the three generic facilities using defaultmeteorological conditions.

Tables VI-9 to VI-12 also summarize the maximum potential health impacts from thethree generic facilities using all four categories of automotive consumer products under the fourdifferent meteorological data sets described above. As described above, and in more detail inChapter 4, the four product categories are brake cleaners, carburetor-choke cleaners, enginedegreasers, and general degreasers. In addition to including the total maximum potential healthimpacts from the four different product categories, we also are presenting four constituent

VI-30

formulations of brake cleaning products. The four brake cleaner constituent formulations used forthis HRA are a Perc-only product (94%), Perc/MeCl (55%/25%), Perc/MeCl/TCE(40%/30%/20%), and Perc/TCE (55%/43%). These are identified in Tables VI-9 to VI-12 asformulations A, B, C, and D. Formulations A’, B’, C’, and D’ include the brake cleaner that isidentified by the same letter (e.g., A’ corresponds to A) and include the three other productcategories.

Overall, Tables VI-9 to VI-12 show that none of the generic facilities, regardless of thebrake cleaner formulation or the inclusion of all four product categories, present hazard indicesgreater than 0.6. Generally, hazard indices less than 1.0 are not considered to be a concern topublic health.

Table VI-9 lists the results from generic facilities using the Anaheim meteorological data,brake cleaners of various formulations, and include the results from the use of all four productcategories. Table VI-9 shows potential carcinogenic risk for a potential near-source, residentialreceptor range from approximately 35 to 68 chances per million at the smallest facility (G-01). The middle facility (G-02) potential near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from61 to 112 chances per million and at the largest facility (G-03), the near source, residentialreceptor cancer risk ranges from 28 to 52 chances per million.

Table VI-10 lists the results from generic facilities using the Burbank meteorological data,brake cleaners of various formulations, and include the results from the use of all four productcategories. Table VI-10 shows potential carcinogenic risk for a potential near-source, residentialreceptor range from approximately 26 to 52 chances per million at the smallest facility (G-01). The middle facility (G-02) potential near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from47 to 88 chances per million and at the largest facility (G-03), the near source, residential receptorcancer risk ranges from 19 to 38 chances per million.

Table VI-11 lists the results from generic facilities using the Oakland meteorological data,brake cleaners of various formulations, and include the results from the use of all four productcategories. Table VI-11 shows potential carcinogenic risk for a potential near-source, residentialreceptor range from approximately 15 to 31 chances per million at the smallest facility (G-01). The middle facility (G-02) potential near-source, residential receptor cancer risk ranges from23 to 45 chances per million and at the largest facility (G-03), the near source, residential receptorcancer risk ranges from 12 to 23 chances per million.

Table VI-12 lists the results from generic facilities using default meteorological data,brake cleaners of various formulations, and include the results from the use of all four productcategories. Table VI-12 shows potential carcinogenic impacts for a potential near-source,residential receptor range from approximately 49 to 100 chances per million at the smallestfacility (G-01). The middle facility (G-02) potential near-source, residential receptor cancer riskranges from 69 to 130 chances per million and at the largest facility (G-03), the near source,residential receptor cancer risk ranges from 31 to 59 chances per million.

VI-31

Tables VI-13 and VI-14 itemize the individual product and total potential riskcontributions from carburetor-choke cleaners, engine degreasers, and general degreasers under anaverage meteorological data set and under default conditions, respectively. The averagemeteorological data set was derived by averaging the modeled concentrations at each receptordistance for all ten representative off-site meteorological sets listed in Appendix D. SeeAppendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. The emissions, use, andformulation assumptions used for the three product categories are discussed in Appendix F.

Table VI-13 shows the individual product and total potential near-source, residentialcancer risk for all three generic facilities using the average meteorological data for the threeproduct categories (i.e., carburetor-choke cleaners, engine degreasers, and general degreasers)range from 1.2 to 4.4 chances per million. The non-cancer hazard indices for both acute andchronic impacts are less than 0.1. The results from Table VI-13 are used with all regionalmeteorological data sets and are included in Tables VI-9 to VI-11 for the A’, B’, C’, and D’formulation potential health impacts.

Table VI-14 shows the individual product and total potential near-source, residentialcancer risk at all three generic facilities using the default meteorological data for the three productcategories (i.e., carburetor-choke cleaners, engine degreasers, and general degreasers) ranges from2.3 to 11 chances per million. The non-cancer hazard indices for both acute and chronic impactsare less than 0.1. The results presented in Table VI-14 are used with default meteorologicalconditions; therefore, they are included in Table VI-12 for the A’, B’, C’, and D’ formulationpotential health impacts.

VI-32

Table VI-9. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different BrakeProduct Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the Highest Concentrations (Anaheim) 1,2

Fac.Type Formulations

Potential Cancer Risk (chances per million) 3,4 Hazard Index 5

20 Meters 6 30 Meters 40 Meters 100 Meters 20 Meters 20 Meters

Resident Worker Resident Worker Resident Worker Resident Worker Acute Chronic

G-01

A 7 64 27 34 14 21 8.9 4.0 1.7 <0.09 <0.4

A’ 8 68 29 36 15 22 9.5 4.3 1.8 <0.2 <0.4

B 9 40 17 21 9.1 13 5.6 2.5 1.1 <0.09 <0.2

B’ 8 44 19 24 10 15 6.2 2.8 1.2 <0.2 <0.2

C 10 35 15 19 7.9 12 4.9 2.2 0.9 <0.08 <0.2

C’ 8 40 17 21 8.9 13 5.5 2.5 1.1 <0.2 <0.2

D 11 47 20 25 11 15 6.6 3.0 1.3 <0.06 <0.2

D’ 8 52 22 27 12 17 7.2 3.3 1.4 <0.1 <0.2

G-02

A 7 110 47 84 36 54 23 11 4.8 <0.08 <0.6

A’ 8 112 48 86 37 56 24 12 4.9 <0.1 <0.6

B 9 69 29 53 23 34 15 7.1 3.0 <0.08 <0.4

B’ 8 72 31 55 24 36 15 7.4 3.2 <0.1 <0.4

C 10 61 26 47 20 30 13 6.2 2.7 <0.07 <0.3

C’ 8 63 27 49 21 31 13 6.5 2.8 <0.09 <0.3

D 11 81 35 63 27 40 17 8.4 3.6 <0.05 <0.4

D’ 8 84 36 65 27 42 18 8.6 3.7 <0.07 <0.4

VI-33

Table VI-9. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different BrakeProduct Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the Highest Concentrations (Anaheim)

(continued) 1,2





G-03

A 7 -- -- 50 21 39 17 12 5.1 <0.03 <0.3

A’ 8 -- -- 52 22 40 17 12 5.2 <0.04 <0.3

B 9 -- -- 32 14 25 11 7.5 3.2 <0.03 <0.2

B’ 8 -- -- 33 14 26 11 7.8 3.3 <0.04 <0.2

C 10 -- -- 28 12 22 9.2 6.6 2.8 <0.03 <0.2

C’ 8 -- -- 29 12 23 9.6 6.8 2.9 <0.04 <0.2

D 11 -- -- 37 16 29 12 8.8 3.7 <0.02 <0.2

D’ 8 -- -- 39 16 30 13 9.1 3.9 <0.03 <0.2 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Annual average concentrations for all ten meteorological sets listed in Appendix D were used to determine which meteorological site is presented in this table. The meteorological site that yields the smallest, medium, and largest concentrations may be different when evaluating acute rather than chronic concentrations. We selected meteorological sets based on chronic concentrations since these potentially provide the most significant health impacts. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the center of the facility to the receptor. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard index listed here are the highest found for this facility in this meteorological data set. Facility G-03 was at 30 meters. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. Formulation A is a Perc brake cleaner with 94% Perc by weight. 8. Formulations A’, B’ ,C’, and D’ include the brake cleaner used in the corresponding letter (e.g., A’ corresponds to brake cleaner A) plus the use of carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) were modeled with average meteorological data. The health impacts for CC, ED, and GD were derived at each receptor distance using the average concentrations from all ten meteorological sites. See Table VI-12 for the potential health impacts from each individual product type and Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. 9. Formulation B is a Perc/MeCl brake cleaner with a 55% and 25% by weight Perc and MeCl content, respectively. 10. Formulation C is a Perc/MeCl/TCE brake cleaner with a 40%, 30%, and 20% by weight Perc, MeCl, and TCE content, respectively. 11. Formulation D is a Perc/TCE brake cleaner with a 55% and 43% by weight Perc and TCE content, respectively.

VI-34

Table VI-10. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different BrakeProduct Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding Middle Range Concentrations (Burbank) 1,2





G-01

A 7 47 20 25 11 16 6.6 3.0 1.3 <0.09 <0.3

A’ 8 52 22 28 12 17 7.3 3.3 1.4 <0.2 <0.3

B 9 30 13 16 6.8 9.8 4.2 1.9 0.8 <0.09 <0.2

B’ 8 34 15 18 7.8 11 4.8 2.2 0.9 <0.2 <0.2

C 10 26 11 14 5.9 8.6 3.7 1.7 0.7 <0.08 <0.2

C’ 8 31 13 16 6.9 10 4.3 2.0 0.8 <0.2 <0.2

D 11 35 15 19 7.9 12 4.9 2.3 1.0 <0.06 <0.2

D’ 8 40 17 21 8.9 13 5.5 2.5 1.1 <0.1 <0.2

G-02

A 7 86 36 63 27 41 17 8.5 3.6 <0.08 <0.5

A’ 8 88 38 65 28 42 18 8.8 3.7 <0.1 <0.5

B 9 54 23 40 17 26 11 5.4 2.3 <0.08 <0.3

B’ 8 57 24 42 18 27 11 5.6 2.4 <0.1 <0.3

C 10 47 20 35 15 22 9.5 4.7 2.0 <0.07 <0.2

C’ 8 50 21 37 16 24 10 5.0 2.1 <0.09 <0.2

D 11 63 27 47 20 30 13 6.3 2.7 <0.05 <0.3

D’ 8 66 28 49 21 31 13 6.6 2.8 <0.07 <0.3

VI-35

Table VI-10. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different BrakeProduct Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding Middle Range Concentrations (Burbank)

(continued)1,2





G-03

A 7 -- -- 37 16 31 13 9.0 3.8 <0.03 <0.2

A’ 8 -- -- 38 16 32 14 9.3 3.9 <0.04 <0.2

B 9 -- -- 23 9.9 20 8.4 5.7 2.4 <0.03 <0.2

B’ 8 -- -- 24 10 21 8.8 6.0 2.5 <0.04 <0.2

C 10 -- -- 19 8.3 16 7.0 4.7 2.0 <0.03 <0.08

C’ 8 -- -- 21 8.7 17 7.4 5.0 2.1 <0.04 <0.09

D 11 -- -- 27 12 23 9.9 6.7 2.8 <0.02 <0.2

D’ 8 -- -- 28 12 24 10 6.9 3.0 <0.03 <0.2 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Annual average concentrations for all ten meteorological sets listed in Appendix D were used to determine which meteorological site is presented in this table. The meteorological site that yields the smallest, medium, and largest concentrations may be different when evaluating acute rather than chronic concentrations. We selected meteorological sets based on chronic concentrations since these potentially provide the most significant health impacts. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the center of the facility to the receptor. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard index listed here are the highest found for this facility in this meteorological data set. Facility G-03 was at 30 meters. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. Formulation A is a Perc brake cleaner with 94% Perc by weight. 8. Formulations A’, B’ ,C’, and D’ include the brake cleaner used in the corresponding letter (e.g., A’ corresponds to brake cleaner A) plus the use of carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) were modeled with average meteorological data. The health impacts for CC, ED, and GD were derived at each receptor distance using the average concentrations from all ten meteorological sites. See Table VI-12 for the potential health impacts from each individual product type and Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. 9. Formulation B is a Perc/MeCl brake cleaner with a 55% and 25% by weight Perc and MeCl content, respectively. 10. Formulation C is a Perc/MeCl/TCE brake cleaner with a 40%, 30%, and 20% by weight Perc, MeCl, and TCE content, respectively. 11. Formulation D is a Perc/TCE brake cleaner with a 55% and 43% by weight Perc and TCE content, respectively.

VI-36

Table VI-11. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different BrakeProduct Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the Lowest Concentrations (Oakland) 1,2





G-01

A 7 27 11 14 6.1 8.9 3.8 1.8 0.75 <0.08 <0.2

A’ 8 31 13 17 7.1 10 4.4 2.0 0.9 <0.2 <0.2

B 9 17 7.2 9.0 3.8 5.6 2.4 1.1 0.47 <0.08 <0.08

B’ 8 21 9.0 11 4.9 7.0 3.0 1.4 0.6 <0.2 <0.09

C 10 15 6.3 7.9 3.4 4.9 2.1 1.0 0.4 <0.07 <0.06

C’ 8 19 8.2 10 4.4 6.4 2.7 1.3 0.5 <0.2 <0.07

D 11 20 8.4 11 4.5 6.6 2.8 1.3 0.6 <0.05 <0.08

D’ 8 24 10 13 5.5 8.0 3.4 1.6 0.7 <0.09 <0.09

G-02

A 7 42 18 35 15 23 9.8 4.9 2.1 <0.07 <0.3

A’ 8 45 19 37 16 24 10 5.2 2.2 <0.09 <0.3

B 9 27 11 22 9.5 15 6.2 3.1 1.3 <0.07 <0.2

B’ 8 29 12 24 10 16 6.7 3.4 1.4 <0.09 <0.2

C 10 23 9.9 20 8.3 13 5.4 2.7 1.2 <0.06 <0.1

C’ 8 26 11 21 9.1 14 6.0 3.0 1.3 <0.08 <0.1

D 11 31 13 26 11 17 7.3 3.6 1.6 <0.04 <0.2

D’ 8 34 14 28 12 18 7.8 3.9 1.7 <0.06 <0.2

VI-37

Table VI-11. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four DifferentBrake Product Formulations and Four Product Categories at the Meteorological Site Yielding the Lowest Concentrations

(Oakland) (continued)1,2





G-03

A 7 -- -- 22 9.2 16 6.8 5.2 2.2 <0.03 <0.2

A’ 8 -- -- 23 9.7 17 7.2 5.5 2.3 <0.03 <0.2

B 9 -- -- 14 5.8 10 4.3 3.3 1.4 <0.02 <0.2

B’ 8 -- -- 15 6.3 11 4.7 3.6 1.5 <0.03 <0.2

C 10 -- -- 12 5.1 8.8 3.8 2.9 1.2 <0.02 <0.05

C’ 8 -- -- 13 5.6 9.8 4.2 3.1 1.3 <0.03 <0.05

D 11 -- -- 16 6.8 12 5.0 3.8 1.6 <0.02 <0.07

D’ 8 -- -- 17 7.3 13 5.5 4.1 1.8 <0.02 <0.07 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Annual average concentrations for all ten meteorological sets listed in Appendix D were used to determine which meteorological site is presented in this table. The meteorological site that yields the smallest, medium, and largest concentrations may be different when evaluating acute rather than chronic concentrations. We selected meteorological sets based on chronic concentrations since these potentially provide the most significant health impacts. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the center of the facility to the receptor. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard index listed here are the highest found for this facility in this meteorological data set. Facility G-03 was at 30 meters. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. Formulation A is a Perc brake cleaner with 94% Perc by weight. 8. Formulations A’, B’ ,C’, and D’ include the brake cleaner used in the corresponding letter (e.g., A’ corresponds to brake cleaner A) plus the use of carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) were modeled with average meteorological data. The health impacts for CC, ED, and GD were derived at each receptor distance using the average concentrations from all ten meteorological sites. See Table VI-12 for the potential health impacts from each individual product type and Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. 9. Formulation B is a Perc/MeCl brake cleaner with a 55% and 25% by weight Perc and MeCl content, respectively. 10. Formulation C is a Perc/MeCl/TCE brake cleaner with a 40%, 30%, and 20% by weight Perc, MeCl, and TCE content, respectively. 11. Formulation D is a Perc/TCE brake cleaner with a 55% and 43% by weight Perc and TCE content, respectively.

VI-38

Table VI-12. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations and Four Product Categories based on Default Meteorological Data 1,2





G-01

A 7 89 38 67 29 52 22 18 7.5 <0.08 <0.5

A’ 8 100 43 75 32 58 25 20 8.4 <0.2 <0.5

B 9 56 24 42 18 33 14 11 4.7 <0.08 <0.3

B’ 8 67 29 50 21 39 17 13 5.6 <0.2 <0.3

C 10 49 21 37 16 29 12 9.7 4.1 <0.08 <0.2

C’ 8 60 26 45 19 35 15 12 5.0 <0.2 <0.3

D 11 66 28 50 21 38 16 13 5.5 <0.05 <0.3

D’ 8 77 33 58 25 45 19 15 6.4 <0.1 <0.3

G-02

A 7 125 53 103 44 86 37 38 16 <0.1 <0.7

A’ 8 130 55 107 46 90 38 39 17 <0.1 <0.7

B 9 79 34 65 28 54 23 24 10 <0.08 <0.4

B’ 8 84 36 69 29 58 25 25 11 <0.1 <0.4

C 10 69 29 57 24 48 20 21 8.8 <0.07 <0.3

C’ 8 74 31 61 26 51 22 22 9.5 <0.09 <0.3

D 11 92 39 76 32 64 27 28 12 <0.05 <0.4

D’ 8 97 41 80 34 67 29 29 12 <0.07 <0.4

VI-39

Table VI-12. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Four Different Brake Product Formulations and Four Product Categories based on Default Meteorological Data (continued)1,2





G-03

A 7 -- -- 56 24 49 21 26 11 <0.04 <0.3

A’ 8 -- -- 59 25 51 22 27 11 <0.05 <0.3

B 9 -- -- 36 15 31 13 16 6.9 <0.04 <0.2

B’ 8 -- -- 38 16 33 14 17 7.3 <0.05 <0.2

C 10 -- -- 31 13 27 12 14 6.0 <0.03 <0.2

C’ 8 -- -- 33 14 29 12 15 6.5 <0.04 <0.2

D 11 -- -- 42 18 37 16 19 8.1 <0.02 <0.2

D’ 8 -- -- 44 19 39 16 20 8.5 <0.03 <0.2 1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. Meteorological data conditions from the SCREEN3 dispersion model were used in the ISCST3 model to determine the potential health impacts listed in this table. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the edge of the facility to the receptor. The distance listed for facility G-03 is 30 meters. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard indices listed here are the highest found for this facility in this meteorological data set. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. Formulation A is a Perc brake cleaner with 94% Perc by weight. 8. Formulations A’, B’ ,C’, and D’ include the brake cleaner used in the corresponding letter (e.g., A’ corresponds to brake cleaner A) plus the use of carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) were modeled with default meteorological data. The health impacts for CC, ED, and GD were derived at each receptor distance using the default meteorological data conditions from the SCREEN3 air dispersion model. See Table VI-13 for the potential health impacts from each individual product type and Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. 9. Formulation B is a Perc/MeCl brake cleaner with a 55% and 25% by weight Perc and MeCl content, respectively. 10. Formulation C is a Perc/MeCl/TCE brake cleaner with a 40%, 30%, and 20% by weight Perc, MeCl, and TCE content, respectively. 11. Formulation D is a Perc/TCE brake cleaner with a 55% and 43% by weight Perc and TCE content, respectively.

VI-40

Table VI-13. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using Carburetor Cleaner, Engine Degreaser, and General Degreaser based on Average Meteorological Data 1,2

Fac.Type

ProductCategory




G-01

CC 7 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.02 <0.03 <0.01

ED 7 2.2 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.06 <0.02 <0.01

GD 7 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.04 <0.01 <0.01

Total 9 4.4 1.9 2.4 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 <0.05 <0.01

G-02

CC 7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.09 0.04 0.02 <0.02 <0.01

ED 7 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.06 <0.01 <0.01

GD 7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.09 0.04 <0.01 <0.01

Total 9 2.6 1.1 2.0 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 <0.02 <0.01

G-03

CC 7 -- -- 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.07 0.05 0.02 <0.01 8 <0.01 8

ED 7 -- -- 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.06 <0.01 8 <0.01 8

GD 7 -- -- 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.04 <0.01 8 <0.01 8

Total 9 -- -- 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 <0.01 8 <0.01 8

1. All numbers have been rounded. 2. The modeled concentrations for all ten meteorological sets listed in Appendix D were averaged at each receptor distance to determine the concentrations that would be used to estimate the potential health impacts listed in this table. See Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. The potential health impacts in this table were derived from emissions and use information contained in Appendix F. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the center of the facility to the receptor. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard indices listed here are the highest found for this facility for the averaged meteorological data set. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. CC means carburetor-choke cleaner; ED means engine degreaser; GD means general degreaser. 8. Receptor distance of 30 meters 9. The total potential health impacts from carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) at each receptor distance are used in Tables VI-8 to VI-10.

VI-41

Table VI-14. Summary of the Potential Health Impacts at Various Distances for Three Generic Facilities Using CarburetorCleaner, Engine Degreaser, and General Degreaser based on Default Meteorological Data 1,2

Fac.Type

ProductCategory




G-01

CC 7 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 <0.03 <0.01

ED 7 5.3 2.3 4.0 1.7 3.1 1.3 1.0 0.4 <0.02 <0.02

GD 7 3.7 1.6 2.8 1.2 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.3 <0.01 <0.01

Total 9 11 4.7 8.1 3.5 6.2 2.6 2.1 0.9 <0.05 <0.03

G-02

CC 7 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 <0.02 <0.01

ED 7 2.5 1.1 2.0 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 <0.01 <0.01

GD 7 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 <0.01 <0.01

Total 9 5.0 2.2 4.1 1.8 3.5 1.5 1.5 0.6 <0.03 <0.02

G-03

CC 7 -- -- 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.07 <0.018 <0.018

ED 7 -- -- 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.2 <0.018 <0.018

GD 7 -- -- 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2 <0.018 <0.018

Total 9 -- -- 2.3 1.0 2.0 0.8 1.1 0.5 <0.018 <0.018

1. All numbers have been rounded 2. Meteorological data conditions from the SCREEN3 dispersion model were used in the ISCST3 model to determine the potential health impacts listed in this table. See Appendix D for a detailed presentation of all modeling results. The potential health impacts listed in this table are based on the emissions and use information contained in Appendix F. 3. The distance listed is the estimated distance from the edge of the facility to the receptor. 4. Where appropriate, the potential risk estimates are adjusted for a working lifetime of 46 years and to allow for an operating schedule at an off-site facility that does not coincide with, or is shorter than, that of the facility being assessed. 5. Hazard indices listed here are the highest found for this facility for the default meteorological data set. 6. Results are not available for G-03 facilities since the minimum modeled distance is 30 meters. 7. CC means carburetor-choke cleaner; ED means engine degreaser; GD means general degreaser. 8. Receptor distance of 30 meters 9. The total potential health impacts from carburetor-choke cleaner (CC), engine degreaser (ED), and general degreaser (GD) are used in Table VI-11.

VI-42

4. Statewide Exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE

a. Perchloroethylene Population-Weighted Exposure

ARB staff conducted an analysis of the estimated statewide population-weightedexposure to Perc. To do this, ARB staff used data from ARB’s air toxics monitoring networkand population data to obtain an estimated population-weighted Perc exposure. ARB staff chosePerc for this analysis because it is the highest contributor to ambient risk of the three compoundsaffected by this regulation.

The statewide population-weighted exposure is based on ambient data collected by theARB and population figures from the Department of Finance (DOF). The ambient air monitoringnetwork is designed to obtain outdoor ambient background, non-source-influenced, concentrationlevels of air toxics from 21 ambient air toxics monitoring stations located statewide.

The methodology used to complete the analysis of the population exposure estimate ofPerc consists of two parts. The first part is an estimate of the Perc exposure in a given air basin,which yields an average exposure for each air basin that was analyzed. Due to data limitations,population exposure estimates were calculated differently for different air basins. Our analysis ofthe Perc exposure covers six air basins, and approximately 72 percent of the statewidepopulation. The following Table VI-15 shows the estimated air basin population-weightedexposure for the six basins used in this analysis. For a complete discussion on the methodologyused in this analysis see Appendix E.

As shown in Table VI-15, on average, Perc exposure in the listed air basins has decreasedabout 50 percent since 1990 levels. There is insufficient data to quantify how the ambientreductions in Perc correspond to reductions in commercial and industrial Perc use. However,reductions in ambient levels of Perc are likely the result of regulations or programs such as theDry Cleaning ATCM and voluntary modifications to work practices from sources using Perc dueto the AB 2588 Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program.

VI-43

Table VI-15. Air Basin Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposurebased on 1990 Census (ppb-year/person)1

Air Basin 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

South Coast 0.590 0.542 0.430 0.472 0.410 0.392 0.330 0.264

South Central Coast 0.181 0.160 0.124 0.095 0.110 0.100 0.104 0.081

San Diego 0.280 0.261 0.262 0.193 0.204 0.244 0.133 0.124

San Francisco 0.196 0.223 0.158 0.124 0.082 0.091 0.068 0.071

San Joaquin Valley 0.121 0.131 0.105 0.410 0.067 0.070 0.064 0.056

Sacramento Valley

0.070 0.075 0.058 0.051 0.181 0.053 0.054 0.053

1. Only air basins with Perchloroethylene monitoring are included in this table. Air basin population-weighted exposure is calculated using mean of monthly means for all sites within basin. Population exposure units are a concentration for a given duration per person. For this analysis, the units are ppb-year/person.

In the second part of the analysis, the overall statewide population-weighted exposurewas calculated by multiplying the estimated annual average Perc exposure for a given air basinby its population, added across all basins, then divided by the total population of the State. Table VI-16 shows the estimated statewide population-weighted Perc exposure from 1990 to1997.

Table VI-16. Estimated Statewide Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposure(ppb-year/person)1

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

0.382 0.362 0.290 0.322 0.262 0.251 0.203 0.168 1. Population exposure units are a concentration for a given duration per person. For this analysis, the units are ppb-year/person

b. Statewide Exposure to MeCl and TCE

To determine ambient concentrations of MeCl and TCE, ARB staff used the statewideaverage concentrations from ARB’s ambient toxics database. One limitation in using this data isthat in many cases MeCl and TCE measurements are below the level of detection (LOD). Inthese cases, measured values are set to one-half the LOD. For example, over two-thirds of theMeCl measurements are below the LOD; therefore, the statewide average concentration is drivenby one-half the LOD, rather than a true ambient mean. Table VI-17 shows the statewide averageconcentration for MeCl and TCE from 1990 to 1997.

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Table VI-17. Statewide Average Concentration for MeCl and TCE (ppb)1

Compound 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

MeCl 1.09 1.27 0.75 0.93 0.79 0.77 0.66 0.66

TCE 0.115 0.086 0.061 0.036 0.047 0.035 0.034 0.0331. Used statewide average of monthly average. Data from ARB’s ambient toxics database.

5. Potential Reductions in Ambient Levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from theProposed ATCM

In addition to the risk reduction benefits for on-site workers and near-source receptors, wewould expect a reduction in overall ambient levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE. By reducingambient levels of these compounds, overall statewide risk reduction benefits can be achieved. The potential decrease in ambient levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE emitted by the four productcategories can be estimated if we know their contribution to ambient levels. By estimatingemissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the four product categories and dividing by totalemissions respectively, we can estimate the percentage of Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissionsattributed to the four product categories. Table V1-18 shows the reduction in ambient levels wewould expect based on the proposed ATCM.

Table VI-18. Estimated Potential Reductions in Ambient Levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the Proposed ATCM

Compound Percent Reduction in Ambient Levels1,2

Perc 26

MeCl 5

TCE 37

1. Assumes emissions are proportional to ambient levels. 2. Inventory used to determine reduction in ambient levels does not include all sources of emissions;

therefore, potential reduction may be slightly overestimated.

a. Potential Reduction in Ambient Levels of Perc

To estimate total statewide emissions of Perc we compiled data from ARB’s 1996 AirToxic “Hot Spots” Emission Inventory (Hot Spots Inventory), ARB’s 1997 Consumer andCommercial Product Survey (Consumer Products Survey), ARB’s 1997 Aerosol CoatingsInventory, and dry cleaning emissions estimates. To estimate statewide emissions from drycleaners we used projected post-regulation emissions from the “Technical Support Document:

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Proposed Airborne Toxic Control Measure and Proposed Environmental Training Program forPerchloroethylene Operations, August 27, 1993” (Perc Dry Cleaning TSD) (ARB, 1993a).

The Perc Dry Cleaning TSD estimated that dry cleaning emissions would be reduced by78 percent from 1991 emissions to post-regulation emissions. The ATCM for Perc Dry CleaningOperations required transfer and vented machines be phased out by October 1998; therefore, torepresent 1997 emissions we assumed that approximately 75 percent of transfer and ventedmachines have been phased out and replaced by converted and closed loop machines. Theassumptions used in Chapter 10 of the Perc Dry Cleaning TSD were used to determine that the1991 estimate of 13.6 tons per day would be reduced to 4.7 tons per day for 1997.

We estimated that approximately 16.3 tons per day of Perc are emitted from the sourcesin the Hot Spots Inventory, Consumer Products Inventory, 1997 Aerosol Coatings Inventory, andestimated dry cleaning emissions. We recognize that these inventories listed above do notinclude all sources of Perc. For example, degreasing operations not accounted for in the HotSpots Inventory, could account for a significant contribution to overall Perc emissions.

Therefore, this analysis may slightly underestimate total Perc emissions, therebyoverestimating the potential ambient contribution from the four product categories. In the future,to allow us to better refine this analysis, ARB is currently in the process of completing an areasource inventory for air toxics which will be available in 2000.

Based on the Consumer Products Inventory, we determined that Perc emissions from thefour product categories account for approximately 4.2 tons per day. If we assume that Percemissions are directly proportional to ambient levels, then we would expect that ambientconcentrations of Perc would be reduced by approximately 26 percent upon full implementationof the proposed ATCM.

b. Potential Reduction in Ambient Levels of MeCl and TCE.

To estimate total statewide emissions of MeCl and TCE we compiled data from the HotSpots Inventory, the Consumer Products Inventory, and the 1997 Aerosol Coatings Inventory. We recognize that these inventories do not include all sources of emissions of MeCl and TCE. For example, there may be some facilities that emit these compounds which were not included inthe Hot Spots Inventory. Therefore, this analysis may slightly underestimate the total emissionsof MeCl and TCE, thereby overestimating the potential contribution from the four productcategories. We estimated that approximately 13.5 tons per day of MeCl and 0.8 tons per day ofTCE are emitted from the sources in these inventories. To better refine this analysis, ARB is inthe process of completing an area source inventory for air toxics which will be available in 2000.

From the Consumer Products Inventory, we determined that MeCl emissions from thefour product categories account for approximately 0.7 tons per day, while TCE accounts forapproximately 0.3 tons per day. If we assume that MeCl emissions are directly proportional to

VI-46

ambient levels, then we would expect that ambient concentrations of MeCl would be reduced byapproximately 5 percent upon full implementation of the proposed ATCM. Additionally, if weassume that TCE emissions are directly proportional to ambient levels, then we would expectthat ambient concentrations of TCE would be reduced by approximately 37 percent upon fullimplementation of the proposed ATCM.

F. Multipathway Health Risk Assessment

In evaluating the potential health effects of a pollutant, it is important to identify thedifferent manners by which an individual could be exposed to the pollutant. The pathways thatcan be included in an HRA, depend on the toxic air pollutants that a person (receptor) may beexposed to, and can include inhalation, dermal exposure, and the ingestion of soil, water, crops,fish, meat, milk, and eggs. For this HRA, we are evaluating the impacts for Perc, MeCl, andTCE via the breathing or inhalation pathway only. We are not evaluating other pathways ofexposure because at this time OEHHA does not routinely use methods for assessing exposure tovolatile compounds such as Perc, MeCl, and TCE by exposure routes other than inhalation. Suchmultiple exposure pathway (multipathway) assessments are traditionally used for lipophilic (fatloving), semivolatile, or low volatility compounds such as dioxins, polycyclic organiccompounds (PAHs), or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (CAPCOA, 1993).

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VII. THE PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURE AND ALTERNATIVES

In the previous two chapters we assessed emissions and potential risk from the use ofautomotive consumer products containing the toxic air contaminants (TACs) Perc, MeCl, or TCEat automotive maintenance and repair (AMR) facilities. Statewide, we estimated that each dayAMR activities emit more than five tons of Perc, MeCl, and TCE to the atmosphere.

This chapter describes and provides the basis for the proposed Airborne Toxic ControlMeasure for Emissions of Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminants from Automotive Maintenanceand Repair Activities. Included in the basis for the proposed control measure is a discussion ofthe options that staff evaluated to remove chlorinated compounds from automotive consumerproducts. This chapter also describes alternatives to, and the technical feasibility of, theproposed control measure.

A. The Proposed Control Measure

The proposed control measure would minimize emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE fromautomotive maintenance and repair activities by regulating automotive consumer product contentand usage. Specifically, the proposed control measure requires that aerosol and liquid brakecleaners, carburetor or fuel-injection air intake cleaners (carburetor cleaners), engine degreasers,and general purpose degreasers sold or intended for sale in California not contain Perc, MeCl, orTCE. The proposed ATCM language provides for the detection limits of the prescribed testmethod by stating that a product is considered to contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE if it has one percentor more (by weight) of any of the three compounds Perc, MeCl, or TCE. This also addresses theissue of inadvertent contamination that may occur when manufacturers convert a production linefrom one product to another. The proposed ATCM also prohibits AMR facility owners andoperators from using automotive consumer products that contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE in theirfacilities.

The first action ensures that we address residential and off-road use of aerosol and liquidautomotive consumer products containing chlorinated compounds and labeled as brake cleaners,carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers as well as commercial usein AMR facilities. The second action ensures that facility operators do not purchase bulk liquidcontainers of Perc, MeCl, and TCE with the express intent of using it in a spray bottle orcompressed air sprayer.

The proposed control measure would require the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE fromany aerosol or liquid brake cleaner, carburetor cleaner, engine degreaser, or general purposedegreaser manufactured after December 31, 2002. Manufacturers would be provided anadditional sell-through period of 18 months for chlorinated products manufactured prior to thisdate.

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Facility owners and operators would be provided an additional year from the end of thesell-through period (June 30, 2004) to deplete their inventories of chlorinated products. Theproposed control measure would prohibit facility owners and operators from using chlorinatedautomotive consumer products in their facilities after June 30, 2005.

To determine effective dates under the proposed ATCM, staff established dates consistentwith some of the effective dates listed under the Consumer Products Regulation, as amended inOctober 1999 (ARB,1999b). For example, effective dates for brake cleaners and carburetorcleaners under the Consumer Products Regulation coincide with the December 31, 2002,effective date in the proposed ATCM. The effective date for aerosol general purpose degreasersis January 1, 2002, which is a year sooner that what is required by the proposed ATCM. Forthese categories, automotive consumer products manufactures would most likely conduct a one-time reformulation to comply with both the proposed ATCM and the Consumer ProductsRegulation. Although the December 31, 2002, effective dates in the proposed ATCM for enginedegreasers and non-aerosol general purpose degreasers do not coincide with the ConsumerProducts Regulation, staff believes automotive consumer products manufactures will havesufficient time to reformulate to meet the December 31, 2002, effective date under the proposedATCM. Additionally, most manufacturers already market products that comply with theproposed ATCM.

Additionally, the 18-month sell-through period under the proposed ATCM would providesufficient time for businesses to sell automotive consumer products, based on data provided inthe Proposed Amendments to the Statewide Regulation to Reduce Volatile Organic CompoundEmissions from Consumer Products, Phase II, Technical Support Document, October 1991(Phase II TSD). In surveys conducted under the Phase II TSD, the majority of businessesresponded that most automotive consumer products are sold within one year (ARB, 1991b). Therefore, we have determined that an 18-month sell-through period is sufficient.

B. Basis For The Proposed Regulation

California Health and Safety Code (HSC) section 39665(b) requires the Board to addressthe technological feasibility of proposed ATCMs. HSC section 39665(b) also requires the Boardto address the “availability, suitability and relative efficacy” of substitute products of a lesshazardous nature when proposing an ATCM. To evaluate the technological feasibility andavailability of the proposed ATCM, staff determined the market share of substitute or alternativeproducts. Staff determined suitability and efficacy by reviewing product labels and interviewingusers of both the products for which the limit is proposed and the alternative products.

1. Best Available Control Technology

In addition to the issues to be addressed under HSC section 39665(b), HSC section 39666requires that any control measure for a TAC without a Board-specified threshold level bedesigned to reduce emissions to the lowest level achievable through the application of best

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available control technology (BACT) or a more effective control method. To determine BACTfor automotive maintenance and repair activities for each of the four product categories under theproposed regulation, staff identified whether alternatives existed for a given product category,and then evaluated the availability, suitability, and effectiveness of the alternatives.

In evaluating BACT, staff evaluated three options. The first scenario addressed removingPerc from brake cleaning products. In consideration of interchangeability of brake cleaningcompounds, the second scenario would additionally remove MeCl and TCE from brake cleaners. Finally, in consideration of the interchangeability of automotive consumer products, the thirdscenario would remove Perc, MeCl, and TCE from not only brake cleaning products, but thethree additional product categories: carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purposedegreasers. The following discussion addresses the HSC section 39665(b) requirements for eachof the three scenarios.

2. Scenario 1 - Remove Perc from Brake Cleaning Products

Information from the Manufacturer and Facility Surveys indicates that approximatelytwo-thirds of brake cleaning products do not contain Perc. Additionally, the Facility Surveyindicates that more than 60 percent of the facilities that use brake cleaning products use non-chlorinated brake cleaning products (see Table VII-1). Thus, non-chlorinated products areconsidered to be technically feasible and available. We also found that, in almost all instances,manufacturers of Perc brake cleaning products also market a non-chlorinated product and makesimilar claims as to suitability on the product label (see Appendix H for examples ofmanufacturer efficacy claims). Finally, facility operators contacted during staff site visits andrepresentatives of brake parts manufacturers (Raybestos and Federal-Mogul) indicated thatnon-chlorinated aerosols and water-based brake washers, respectively, were effective brakecleaning products (Raybestos, 1999; Federal-Mogul, 1999).

Table VII-1. Facility Survey Summary of Chlorinated and Non-chlorinated Product Usage

Product CategoryTotal Numberof Shops Using

ProductCategory

Number and (Percent) of Shops using Selected Products

Non-chlorinated

OtherChlorinated 1 Perc Only

UnknownFormulations

Brake 2,3 3676 2256 (61) 8 (~0) 1364 (37) 48 (<1)

Carb and Fuel Injection 4 3508 3162 (90) 291 (8) 0 (0) 55 (<1)

Engine Degreaser 4 496 443 (89) 8 (2) 27 (5) 18 (4)

General PurposeDegreaser 4

171 163 (95) 0 (0) 0 (0) 8 (5)

1. These products contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE, either alone or in combination.2. Information is compiled for both bulk and aerosol brake cleaner usage.3. Number of shops that reported using a brake cleaner, whether they reported doing brakes or not.4. The survey requested only aerosol product usage for these categories.5. Numbers have been rounded and may not add to 100 percent.

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We also learned through our survey that almost 25 percent of facilities performing brakework did not use automotive consumer products. Instead they used water or petroleum washers,or in some cases, nothing at all. Additionally, almost 50 percent of the Facility Surveyrespondents already use a water-based portable brake cleaning unit in conjunction with otherproducts, and 12 percent use a water-based portable brake cleaning unit alone.

3. Scenario 2 - Remove Perc, MeCl and TCE from Brake Cleaning Products

Facility Survey respondents also reported using brake cleaning products which weredetermined to contain MeCl and TCE, usually in conjunction with Perc. Scenario 2 assumes thatPerc is no longer available for brake cleaning product formulations and evaluates the effect ofbrake cleaning products reformulated to contain a large proportion of MeCl or TCE. Based onavailable formulation data, MeCl and TCE, when used alone would not likely exceed 60 and 45percent, respectively, and in combination, would not likely exceed 90 percent of the content of aproduct.

The unit risk factor for MeCl is approximately one-sixth that of Perc. Thus, the potentialhealth risk for a product containing 60 percent MeCl (formulations containing 60 percent MeClwere observed during the site visits) would be one-tenth that of a 94 percent Perc product. Similarly, TCE has a unit risk approximately one-third that of Perc, so the potential health riskfor a product containing 45 percent TCE (TCE is a VOC and would be limited to 45 percent bythe Midterm Measures II Consumer Products Regulation) would be about one-seventh that of a94 percent Perc product. The potential health risk for a product composed of 45 percent MeCland 45 percent TCE would be slightly less than one-fourth that of a 94 percent Perc product.

While the potential risk for a product containing MeCl, TCE, or both is lower than forPerc, it could still be significant in some instances. For example, generic facility G2 would stillexceed a 10 in a million risk level at 20 meters for both the MeCl and TCE products. As such,and in recognition of the statutory requirement for BACT and the availability of suitable andeffective alternatives, staff believe that brake cleaning products should not contain MeCl andTCE.

4. Scenario 3 - Also Remove Perc, MeCl and TCE from Carburetor Cleaners,Engine Degreasers, and General Purpose Degreasers

Information from the Facility Survey, as well as discussions with AMR facility operatorsand the Institute for Research and Technical Assistance (IRTA), indicate that many operators usevarious automotive consumer products interchangeably (IRTA, 1999). For example, a mechanicmay use a brake cleaner for engine and/or tool degreasing, or may use an engine degreaser orcarburetor cleaner for brake cleaning. While automotive consumer products manufacturers haveadamantly stated that they do not condone this activity and believe that each product is bestformulated for its intended purpose, many mechanics indicated that these products are used for,and work equally well in, a variety of tasks. Therefore, it is necessary to address the potentialrisk posed by product interchangeability.

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The practice of mechanics substituting, on an equal basis, carburetor cleaner, enginedegreaser, or general purpose degreaser reformulated to contain Perc, MeCl or TCE for brakecleaning products that would no longer contain Perc, MeCl or TCE would result in potentialhealth risks to the public analogous to those identified in section B.3. above. Again, staffevaluated the availability, suitability, and effectiveness of alternatives in the three productcategories.

Table VII-1 shows the relative proportion and percent of facilities using non-chlorinatedcarburetor cleaning, engine degreasing and general purpose degreasing products. From the table,it can be seen that the overwhelming majority of facilities (approximately 90 percent) use non-chlorinated carburetor cleaner, engine degreaser, and general purpose degreaser. Additionally,carburetor cleaners are subject to United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)regulations for fuel additives (ARB, 1999b). These regulations require manufacturers to registertheir formulations and collectively fund a literature search on the potential health effects of theuse of their products. Currently, manufacturers can only register formulations with compoundscontaining five elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. However,formulations containing other elements were registered prior to the 1990 Clean Air ActAmendments. These formulations have been essentially “grandfathered” from the requirementthat they contain only compounds with the five elements mentioned (ARB, 1999b). Some ofthese grandfathered products contain MeCl and Perc. Since non-chlorinated products in the threecategories of interest appear to predominate, staff concluded that alternative products aretechnically feasibility and available. Additionally, product label claims and discussions withfacility operators indicate that the alternative products are both suitable and effective.

The number of products in the carburetor cleaner, engine degreaser, and general purposedegreaser categories that contain Perc, MeCl and TCE, either in combination or alone, is smalland the products themselves generally only contain a small percentage of the chlorinatedcompounds. As such, staff conclude that the additional requirement to remove these threecompounds from carburetor cleaner, engine degreaser, and general purpose degreaser would notbe an overly burdensome requirement and would reduce exposure to these compounds.

Based on this evaluation, staff believes that it is appropriate to eliminate the use of Perc,MeCl and TCE in automotive consumer products used in AMR activities, and we established thelimits presented in Table VII-2.

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Table VII-2. BACT Product Content Limits

EvaluationLevel

Product Categories and Compounds Chlorinated ContentLimit (percent)

Scenario 1 Perc-containing brake cleaning products <11

Scenario 2Perc, MeCl, and TCE-containing brake cleaning products <11

Scenario 3Perc, MeCl and TCE-containing brake cleaners, carburetorcleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers

<11

1. As previously mentioned, the language of the proposed ATCM provides that a product is considered to contain Perc, MeCl, or TCE if it contains one percent or more by weight of any one of the three compounds.

C. Alternatives to The Proposed Control Measure

Alternatives to the proposed control measure, other than taking no action, includeworkplace practices and two product modification options. We evaluated each of the threealternatives and determined that they would not be as effective at reducing emissions of Perc,MeCl, and TCE from AMR activities as the proposed control measure. We also determined thatthe three alternatives did not meet the objective of HSC section 39666 to reduce emissions to thelowest level achievable through the application of BACT or a more effective control method inconsideration of cost, risk, and environmental impacts.

This section discusses each of the three alternatives and provides the reasons they wereconsidered to be less effective than the proposed regulation. For each of the three alternativesevaluated, other than the “No Action” alternative, staff addressed four issues: applicability,effectiveness, enforceability, and cost/resource requirements.

1. Alternative One - No Action

The “no action” alternative would not address the potential risk posed by the use ofautomotive consumer products containing Perc, MeCl, and TCE in AMR activities. Asevidenced by the potential health impacts discussed in Chapter VI, this alternative would not beprotective of public health.

2. Alternative Two - Workplace Practices

The workplace practices alternative would require that AMR facility operators implementprocess controls including: (1) the use of a reservoir to capture any runoff from the use of brakecleaning products, and (2) the disposal of the runoff as a hazardous waste. This alternativewould apply only to the brake cleaning product category.

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a. Applicability

This alternative would not address the capture of brake cleaning products used forapplications other than brake cleaning. It additionally would not address the capture ofcarburetor cleaner, engine degreaser, or general purpose degreaser unless they were being usedfor brake cleaning. Finally, it would not address the use of these products in other industrial,institutional, and residential settings.

b. Effectiveness

Information from the manufacturing industry indicates that workplace standards couldachieve capture efficiencies of approximately 43 percent for disk brakes and 68 percent for drumbrakes (CRC, 1998). Staff estimated that an average facility performs 25 percent of its brakejobs on drum brakes and 75 percent on disk brakes, and would therefore expect to observe anaverage capture efficiency of 50 percent. Thus, a facility (with a 50 percent capture efficiency)that currently exceeds a 22 chances in a million risk level from automotive maintenance andrepair activities would still exceed the10 chances in a million “Hot Spots” notification levelestablished by most air pollution control and air quality management districts (districts) afterimplementing the workplace standards outlined in this control alternative. Additionally, residualrisk posed by these facilities would still have to be addressed. In light of the availability ofalternative products that contain no chlorinated compounds, a measure that only addressed 50percent of emissions would not be considered BACT.

c. Enforceability

As part of this alternative, the manufacturing industry indicated that they wouldparticipate in an education program by including workplace standard information in theirlabeling. We believe that, even with an education program, many facilities would not use capturereservoirs in the absence of district inspectors. Discussions with several operators indicate thatthey would not be inclined to capture runoff unless they were being watched. It is unlikely thatthis alternative could be adequately enforced by the State’s districts and the Board.

d. Cost and Resource Requirements

Currently, many facility operators have either water washers or parts washers in theirfacilities. The trend in the automotive repair industry appears to be toward a mobile parts washerthat could be wheeled under vehicles for performing brake services. The proposed conceptwould require facility operators to procure another reservoir specifically for brake service operations to avoid contamination of the fluids used in their water washers or parts washers. This is necessary because the hazardous waste companies that collect spent baths set strict limitson the level of contamination by chlorinated solvents. This separate waste stream would result inincreased disposal costs and might require modifications to the facility’s DTSC permit for on-sitehazardous waste storage.

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As enforcement would be conducted predominantly by the districts, the burden ofenforcement costs would fall to them. However, several larger districts already inspect AMRfacilities, generally in connection with degreasing rules, and the incremental cost of thisalternative would likely be minimal. Cost estimates for district inspectors to enforce theproposed ATCM are addressed in Chapter IX.

3. Alternative Three - Product Modification / Risk-based Content Limits

This alternative falls into the product modification category and would require thatautomotive consumer products manufacturers establish chlorinated compound content limits thatwould result in the potential risk of a product falling below a prescribed risk level.

a. Applicability

This alternative could be applied to the brake cleaner product category alone, or to allfour product categories. In either case, this alternative would address both institutional/industrialand residential use. In other words, it provides emissions reductions from both “hot spots”(AMR facilities) and non-“hot spot” area sources (residential usage). It additionally addressesuse outside the automotive maintenance and repair activities arena.

b. Effectiveness

This alternative would require the establishment of a product content cap based on acorresponding acceptable risk level (an acceptable number of chances in a million), and ignoresthe requirement for best available control technology. In addition to not addressing therequirement for BACT, this alternative is dependent upon the meteorological data set chosen formodeling. Thus the product content cap necessary to avoid exceeding a set risk level in onegeographic location in the State would not be sufficient to avoid exceeding the same risk level inanother location.

If this alternative addressed Scenario 1, it could lead to increased MeCl and TCE use inbrake cleaners. If this alternative addressed Scenario 2, it could lead to increased Perc, MeCl andTCE use in carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers.

Regardless of whether this alternative addressed Scenario 1, Scenario 2, or Scenario 3, itwould likely result in increased VOC use and emissions. Each subsequent scenario would havegreater potential VOC usage and emissions. If manufacturers could market chlorinatedautomotive consumer products meeting the risk-based content limits prescribed by thisalternative, then the continued use of chlorinated compounds would be greater than withAlternative Four or the proposed control measure. Thus, this alternative would likely result inlower VOC use and emissions than Alternative Four or the proposed control measure.

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c. Enforceability

Primary responsibility for enforcement of this alternative, as with all ATCMs, would bewith the districts. However, HSC section 39669 also grants ARB enforcement authority. Asmany districts do not have the inherent capability to analyze consumer products, it is possiblethat the ARB might have to provide laboratory and compliance assistance. This alternative ismore enforceable than Alternative Two (workplace standards) because it regulates fewersources - manufacturers instead of facilities. There is also a clear cut test method for determiningcompliance versus having to observe facility operators using or not using capture reservoirs.


This alternative would have a fiscal impact on the State and air districts, as well as aneconomic impact on business. The impact on AMR facilities would be minimal. The impact onthe districts would be dependent upon how heavily they had to rely upon the ARB’s laboratoryand compliance resources. If districts elected to establish a memorandum of understanding withthe ARB authorizing the ARB’s Compliance Division to enforce the ATCM, then enforcementcould be conducted in conjunction with enforcement of the Consumer Products Regulations. Inother words, the division of fiscal impacts between state and district entities would dependlargely upon where the split in agreed upon enforcement responsibility lies.

4. Alternative Four - Product Modification / Chlorinated Compound Phase Out

This alternative also falls into the product modification category and would require thatautomotive consumer products manufacturers remove chlorinated compounds from the fourproduct categories in discrete steps.

a. Applicability

This alternative could be applied to the brake cleaner product category alone, or to allfour product categories. In either case, this alternative would address both institutional/industrialand residential use.

b. Effectiveness

This alternative would require the removal of one or more of the compounds Perc, MeCl,or TCE from up to four automotive consumer products categories depending upon the controlscenario selected, but would accomplish the removal through a series of sequential reductions. As such, it would eventually represent BACT. However, it would not be as effective in reducingchlorinated emissions as the proposed control measure because it would not remove thechlorinated compounds as quickly.

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If this alternative addressed Scenario 1, it could lead to increased MeCl and TCE use inbrake cleaners. If this alternative addressed Scenario 2, it could lead to increased Perc, MeCl andTCE use in carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers.

Regardless of whether this alternative addressed Scenario 1, Scenario 2, or Scenario 3, itwould likely result in increased VOC use and emissions. Each subsequent scenario would havegreater potential VOC usage and emissions. This alternative, regardless of scenario, would resultin lower VOC use and emissions than the proposed control measure because it would not removethe chlorinated compounds as quickly.

c. Enforceability

Primary responsibility for enforcement of this alternative, as with all ATCMs, would bewith the districts. However, HSC section 39669 also grants ARB enforcement authority. Asmany districts do not have the inherent capability to analyze consumer products, it is possiblethat the ARB might have to provide laboratory and compliance assistance. This alternative ismore enforceable than Alternative Two (workplace standards) because it regulates fewer sources- manufacturers instead of facilities. There is also a clear cut test method for determiningcompliance versus having to observe facility operators using or not using capture reservoirs. This alternative would be more difficult to enforce than the proposed control measure becausethere could be several intermediate content limits which could have an impact on laboratorytesting and the need to re-educate compliance personnel as each new limit became effective.


This alternative would have a fiscal impact on the State and air districts, as well as aneconomic impact on business. The impact on AMR facilities would be minimal. The impact onthe districts would be dependent upon how heavily they had to rely upon the ARB’s laboratoryand compliance resources. If districts elected to establish a memorandum of understanding withthe ARB authorizing the ARB’s Compliance Division to enforce the ATCM, then enforcementcould be conducted in conjunction with Compliance Division enforcement of the ConsumerProducts Regulations. In other words, the division of fiscal impacts between state and districtentities would depend largely upon where the split in agreed upon enforcement responsibilitylies.

D. Evaluation of the Proposed Control Measure

In Part B., staff discussed selecting Scenario 3 as the basis for the proposed controlmeasure. Staff addressed the same four issues of applicability, effectiveness, enforceability, andcost/resource requirements when considering the proposed control measure.

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1. Applicability

The proposed control measure could be applied to the brake cleaner product categoryalone, or to all four product categories. In either case, this alternative would address bothinstitutional/industrial and residential use.

2. Effectiveness

The proposed control measure would require the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE fromall four automotive consumer products categories without the use of sequential reductions. Aswith Alternative Four (phase out), it would represent BACT; however, it would achieve greateremissions reductions because BACT would be achieved much sooner.

Again, the proposed control measure could lead to increased MeCl and TCE use in brakecleaners if it addressed Scenario 1. The proposed control measure could lead to increased Perc,MeCl and TCE use in carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers if itaddressed Scenario 2. Thus, the proposed control measure addresses Scenario 3.

Regardless of whether the proposed control measure addressed Scenario 1, Scenario 2, orScenario 3, it would likely result in increased VOC use and emissions. Each subsequent scenariowould have greater potential VOC usage and emissions. The proposed control measure,regardless of scenario, would result in higher VOC use and emissions than Alternatives Three orFour because it requires that the chlorinated content not exceed one percent, and does not providefor sequential reductions.

3. Enforceability

Primary responsibility for enforcement of the proposed control measure, as with allATCMs, would be with the districts. However, HSC section 39669 also grants ARBenforcement authority. As many districts do not have the inherent capability to analyzeconsumer products, it is possible that the ARB might have to provide laboratory and complianceassistance. The proposed control measure is more enforceable than Alternative Two (workplacestandards) because it regulates fewer sources - manufacturers instead of facilities. There is also aclear cut test method for determining compliance versus having to observe facility operatorsusing or not using capture reservoirs. The proposed control measure would be the easiest toenforce.

4. Cost and Resource Requirements

The proposed control measure would have a fiscal impact on the State and air districts, aswell as an economic impact on business. The impact on AMR facilities would be minimal. Theimpact on the districts would be dependent upon how heavily they had to rely upon the ARB’slaboratory and compliance resources. If districts elected to establish a memorandum ofunderstanding with the ARB authorizing the ARB’s Compliance Division to enforce the ATCM,

VII - 12

then enforcement could be conducted in conjunction with enforcement of the Consumer ProductsRegulations. In other words, the division of fiscal impacts between state and district entitieswould depend largely upon where the split in agreed upon enforcement responsibility lies.

VIII-1

VIII. POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNETOXIC CONTROL MEASURE

This chapter discusses the potential health impacts of this proposed Airborne Toxic

Control Measure (ATCM). The topics addressed below include the benefits of the proposedATCM toward statewide emissions and potential health impacts, a general assessment of thepotential health impacts that could result from the remaining chemical ingredients used in thefour product categories, and a general discussion of workplace exposure.

A. Statewide Emissions and Risk Reduction Benefits of the Airborne Toxic ControlMeasure

Since the proposed ATCM would result in the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE in thefour product categories, the emission and health impact (i.e., potential cancer risk) reductionbenefits are 100 percent. A total reduction of 5.17 tons per day of Perc, MeCl, and TCE could beachieved as a result of the proposed ATCM. As presented in Chapter VI, an additional benefit ofthe proposed ATCM is a reduction in ambient levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE. Overall weestimated a reduction in ambient levels of Perc by 26 percent, MeCl by 5 percent, and TCE by37 percent. By reducing ambient levels of these compounds, overall statewide risk reductionbenefits can be achieved.

In determining the potential reduction in ambient levels from the proposed ATCM, weassumed that a proportionality of emissions can be used to calculate ambient levels of Perc,MeCl, and TCE. In addition, we compiled inventory data to determine the percentage ofemissions from the four product categories. This percentage was then applied to the totalambient concentration to determine the percentage of each compound attributed to the fourproduct categories. Note, however that some sources of Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions may notbe accounted for in the inventory data used and therefore the reduction in ambient levels may beslightly overestimated. See Chapter VI, Section 5 for a complete discussion on potentialreduction in ambient levels of Perc, MeCl, and TCE.

B. Potential Adverse Health Effects from Use of Volatile Organic Compounds

The intent of this exercise was to determine what the potential health impacts could befrom the remaining chemical constituents currently used in these four product categories if Perc,MeCl, and TCE are removed and secondly, if only Perc is removed. To perform this evaluation,Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) were used to obtain chemical ingredient information forproducts that AMR facilities reported using in the Facility Survey. The MSDS information wasobtained by calling the manufacturers or distributers directly, or if available, from amanufacturer’s web site. In addition, a list of ingredients for these four product categories wasobtained from the 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey. A complete list of the

VIII-2

chemical ingredients for the four product categories can be found in Appendix G. The listing ofchemical ingredients in Appendix G identifies whether these compounds are regulatory definedas volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are identified or candidate toxic air contaminants (TACs)under California’s Air Toxics Program, and whether the substance has approved cancer andnon-cancer health effects values.

In addition to those currently used in the four automotive consumer product categories,staff intends to monitor the usage of other identified TACs and will propose amendments to theATCM if appropriate. Additionally, product manufacturers will be advised to not use identifiedTACs in their product formulations.

For this exercise, we assumed that any of the chemical ingredients meeting this criteriacould have a maximum content of 45 percent. The 45 percent VOC limit is used because thatwas the limit established for brake cleaners in the October 1999 Amendments to the ConsumerProducts Regulation approved by the ARB in October 1999. The VOC content limit for the fourproduct categories range from 35 to 50 percent in the October 1999 amendments.

1. VOCs that are Candidate or Identified TACs

a. Scenario One: Removal of Perc, TCE, and MeCl

Under this scenario, we used the information in Appendix G to see what the potentialindividual health impacts could be for chemical ingredients that are regulatory defined as bothvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) and candidate or identified TACs if Perc, MeCl, and TCEare removed.

As a screen to determine the worst-case scenario, we identified the individual ingredientsfrom Appendix G that have the highest cancer potency and/or lowest non-cancer chronic or acutereference exposure levels (RELs). Benzene is the only ingredient in Appendix G that has acancer potency factor. Eight ingredients have acute and/or chronic RELs. Of those eight,naphthalene had the lowest chronic REL and benzene had the lowest acute REL.

No adverse health impacts from the compounds on this list (other than Perc, MeCl, andTCE) are expected. The apparent use of benzene (which is a TAC as well as a VOC) was aconcern for staff; however, upon further investigation, staff learned that it was only used by onemanufacturer (in one product) at concentrations less than two percent (a second manufacturerindicated they had one product in which benzene was a contaminant). Staff intends to monitorthe usage of other TACs and will propose amendments to the ATCM if appropriate. Additionally, manufacturers will be advised to not use identified TACs in their productformulations.

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b. Scenario Two: Removal of Perc

The removal of Perc from the four product categories leaves TCE, a TAC and VOC, as aningredient with the potential for expanded use in these products. Additionally, MeCl may also beused to further increase the chlorinated content of a reformulated product. Looking specificallyat aerosol brake cleaners as an example, TCE (a VOC) is subject to a 45 percent VOC limit asspecified in the ARB’s consumer product regulations. While there are no such restrictions forMeCl, however, the total chlorinated content for this exercise is being capped at 90 percent. A90 percent cap allows for the inclusion of other compounds as well as propellants. Table VIII-1summarizes the impact of Perc replacement in brake cleaners compared to current emissions.

Table VIII-1. Potential TCE and MeCl EmissionsAfter Removal of Perc from Aerosol Brake Cleaners

Compound Current Emissions from Brake Cleaners

[lbs/yr]1

Emissions With Replacement of Perc [lbs/yr]

45% TCE 45% TCE/45% MeCl

Perc 2,978,400 0 0

MeCl 211,700 0 1,340,280

TCE 58,400 1,340,280 1,340,2801. Based on ARB surveys.

From a risk standpoint, the individual potential cancer risk would decrease byapproximately 84 percent when compared to the potential individual health risk for AMRfacilities using Perc-containing products. An 84 percent decrease would result in a potentialcancer risk of approximately 21 chances per million at the near-source (20 meter) location for thegeneric facilities using default meteorological data. Regarding non-cancer health impacts, thechronic hazard indices for TCE at a 45 percent content level is less than 0.1 for the genericfacilities using default meteorological data. Generally, hazard indices less than one are notconsidered to be a concern to public health.

The use of a TCE/MeCl product at a 90 percent combination content level (45 percenteach) would result in approximately a 75 percent decrease in the individual potential cancer riskwhen compared to the potential individual health risk for AMR facilities using Perc-containingproducts. While this decrease may sound significant, this still could pose a potential cancer riskof approximately 31 chances per million at the near-source (20 meter) location for the genericfacilities using default meteorological data. Regarding non-cancer health impacts, the chronichazard indices for TCE/MeCl product at a 90 percent content level is less than 0.1 for the genericfacilities using default meteorological data. Generally, hazard indices less than one are notconsidered to be a concern to public health.

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2. VOCs that are Not Candidate or Identified TACs

The second group of ingredients that were evaluated included those that are VOCs butthat are not a candidate or identified TAC. None of the ingredients in Appendix G that meet thiscriteria have cancer potency factors. One of the ingredients (2-butoxyethanol) listed in Appendix G has both an acute and chronic REL. The acute and chronic hazard indices for thisingredient at the 45 percent content level are less than 0.5 for the generic facilities using defaultmeteorological data. Generally, hazard indices less than one are not considered to be a concernto public health.

C. Replacement With Other Toxic Air Contaminants that are Not Volatile OrganicCompounds

1. Scenario One: Removal of Perc, TCE, and MeCl

For this portion of the evaluation, we reviewed the ingredients listed in Appendix G todetermine if any are candidate or identified TACs that are not classified as VOCs. There are noingredients which satisfy this criteria and have an approved cancer potency factor. Twoingredients, have an acute and/or chronic RELs. Of those, ammonia had both the lowest chronicand acute RELs. The acute and chronic hazard indices for this ingredient at the 45 percentcontent level are less than 0.2 for the generic facilities using default meteorological data. Generally, hazard indices less than one are not considered to be a concern to public health.

In addition to those currently used in the four automotive consumer product categories,staff intends to monitor the usage of other identified TACs and will propose amendments to theATCM if appropriate. Additionally, product manufacturers will be advised to not use identifiedTACs in their product formulations.

2. Scenario Two: Removal of Perc

The removal of Perc from the four product categories leaves MeCl, a TAC that is not a VOC, as an ingredient with the potential for expanded use in these products. During the sitevisits, products were observed with MeCl content as high as 60 percent. Additionally, TCE maybe used to further increase the chlorinated content of a reformulated product, subject to the 35 to50 percent VOC limit specified in the ARB’s consumer product regulations (TCE is a VOC). Again, in order allow for the inclusion of other compounds and propellants for aerosol products,the total chlorinated content for this exercise is being capped at 90 percent. Table VIII-2summarizes the impact of Perc replacement compared to current emissions for aerosol brakecleaners as an example.

From a risk standpoint, the individual potential cancer risk would decrease byapproximately 89 percent when compared to the potential individual health risk for AMRfacilities using Perc-containing products. An 89 percent decrease would result in a potential

VIII-5

cancer risk of approximately 14 chances per million at the near-source (20 meter) location for thegeneric facilities using default meteorological data. Regarding non-cancer health impacts, theacute and chronic hazard indices for MeCl at a 60 percent content level are less than 0.1. Generally, hazard indices less than one are not considered to be a concern to public health.

Table VIII-2. Potential MeCl and TCE EmissionsAfter Removal of Perc from Aerosol Brake Cleaners

Compound Current Emissions from Brake Cleaners

[lbs/yr]1

Emissions With Replacement of Perc [lbs/yr]

60% MeCl 45% MeCl/45% TCE

Perc 2,978,400 0 0

MeCl 211,700 1,787,040 1,340,280

TCE 58,400 0 1,340,2801. Based on ARB surveys.

As mentioned above, the use of a TCE/MeCl product at a 90 percent combination contentlevel (45 percent each) would result in approximately 75 percent decrease in the individualpotential cancer risk when compared to the potential individual health risk for AMR facilitiesusing Perc-containing products. While this decrease may sound significant, this still could pose apotential cancer risk of approximately 31 chances per million at the near-source (20 meter)location for the generic facilities using default meteorological data. Regarding non-cancer healthimpacts, the chronic hazard indices for TCE/MeCl product at a 90 percent content level is lessthan 0.1 for the generic facilities using default meteorological data. Generally, hazard indicesless than one are not considered to be a concern to public health. D. Replacement With Compounds that are Not Toxic Air Contaminants or Volatile

Organic Compounds

None of the compounds listed in Appendix G of the TSD meet this criteria.

E. Workplace Exposure

Perc, TCE and MeCl are probable human carcinogens. The California Department ofIndustrial Relations-Division of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA)regulates Perc, TCE and MeCl in the workplace environment. To protect worker safety,Cal/OSHA has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for the compounds. The PEL isthe maximum, eight-hour, time-weighted average concentration for occupational exposure and is25 ppmv for Perc, TCE and MeCl. Since the proposed ATCM will remove these compounds

VIII-6

from automotive consumer products, worker exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotiveconsumer product use will be eliminated.

IX-1

IX. ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNE TOXICCONTROL MEASURE

A. Summary of Economic Impacts

No significant economic impacts are expected from the proposed Airborne Toxic ControlMeasure (ATCM). Automotive consumer products are manufactured or marketed by60 companies nationwide, with ten based in California. Most manufacturers already have at leastone non-chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) product on the market that meets therequirements of the proposed ATCM, and therefore, are not expected to incur additional costs. Those companies that do not currently have VOC products and choose to formulate one areexpected to be able to absorb the cost of reformulation with no adverse impacts on theirprofitability.

The analysis showed that raw materials costs for chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminant(TAC) products are greater than the raw materials costs for VOC products. As a result, it shouldbe less costly to manufacture non-chlorinated VOC products as opposed to products that containperchloroethylene (Perc), methylene chloride (MeCl), or trichloroethylene (TCE). However,there are no noticeable differences between the market prices for chlorinated TAC and VOCproducts. Therefore, there should be no economic impact on the consumer.

The economic analysis focused on worse case assumptions. It was assumed that the coststo comply with this ATCM would be the same costs that a company would incur if they werereformulating a product to meet a new VOC limit under the Consumer Products Program. Essentially, each manufacturer and marketer is assumed to “reinvent the same wheel” anddirectly conduct all reformulation, and research and development efforts. By doing this, we werevery conservative in an effort to estimate costs.

Overall, most affected businesses will be able to absorb the costs of the proposed ATCMwith no significant adverse impacts on their profitability. This finding is indicated by the staff’sanalysis of the estimated change in “return on owner’s equity” (ROE). The analysis found thatthe overall change in ROE ranges from negligible to a decline in ROE of about six percent, withan average decline in ROE of about two percent. However, the proposed ATCM may imposeeconomic hardship on some businesses with small or no margin of profitability. If necessary,these businesses can seek relief under the variance provision of the proposed ATCM. A variancemay provide sufficient time to minimize the cost impacts to these businesses. Because theproposed ATCM would not alter significantly the profitability of most businesses, we do notexpect a noticeable change in employment; business creation, elimination, or expansion; andbusiness competitiveness in California.

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Our analysis shows that the cost-effectiveness of the proposed requirements is similar tothe cost-effectiveness of previously approved ATCMs (Perc Dry Cleaning Operations ATCM,Ethylene Oxide ATCM, Non-Ferrous Metal Melting ATCM). The estimated cost-effectivenessof the proposed ATCM for reducing a pound of TAC, specifically Perc, MeCl, and TCE, rangefrom no cost (net savings or no cost) to about $0.23 per pound of TAC reduced (in 1999 dollars). The cost-effectiveness that considers the emission and health impact reduction benefits rangesfrom approximately $1,400 to $111,000 per cancer case avoided. These ranges are significantlyless than previously approved ATCMs, which generally have fallen within an overall range of$0.64 to $1.77 (adjusted to 1999 dollars) per pound of Perc reduced (1993 Perchloroethylene DryCleaning Operations ATCM) and $6,600 to $18.6 million (adjusted to 1999 dollars) per cancercase avoided (1992 Non-Ferrous Metal Melting ATCM).

While determining the maximum and minimum cost-effectiveness values is useful forestablishing boundaries, it is also useful to determine the average cost-effectiveness of theproposed ATCM. To this end, an estimate of the average cost-effectiveness as an emissionsreduction-weighted value provides more insight into the overall cost-effectiveness of the ATCMthan a simple arithmetic mean of the calculated individual values. Unlike a simple arithmeticmean, a weighted average accounts for the relative efficiency as well as the relative magnitude ofthe emission reductions for the ATCM. Overall, the emission reductions-weighted average(ERWA) cost-effectiveness for the proposed ATCM is about $0.03 per pound of TAC reduced. That is, the average cost to reduce one pound of TAC averaged across all the categories subjectto the proposed ATCM is less than five cents. This estimated average cost-effectivenesscompares favorably with the cost-effectiveness of the ARB programs mentioned previously.

One way to project the potential change in product prices is to determine the potentialchange in raw materials costs, which generally have the biggest influence in product costs formost consumer product categories. Our analysis indicates that raw material costs for chlorinatedTAC products are greater than for VOC products which comply with the proposed ATCM. Therefore, raw material cost changes should be negligible (net savings or no cost). Again, thiscompares favorably to the change in per unit cost projected for the existing consumer productregulations. The analysis assumed the present cost for raw materials. Depending on theformulations chosen by manufacturers and the future price of raw materials, this range may belower or higher at the actual compliance dates. To the extent that the projected cost savings orincreases are ultimately passed on to the consumer, the actual retail price of products after theproposed limits become effective may be higher or lower than suggested by this analysis.

Even if all annualized nonrecurring costs (research and development, capital equipmentpurchases, etc.) and recurring raw material cost increases are factored into the affected productsmanufacturing costs, the potential increase in production per-unit costs are comparable toexisting ARB consumer product regulations. The estimated per-unit cost increases from bothannualized nonrecurring and annual recurring costs range from negligible cost (net savings or nocost) to about $0.09 per unit. When averaged over the total number of unit sales in California ofregulated products, the unit sales-weighted average cost increase is about $0.02 per unit. As

IX-3

noted before, these per unit cost increases compare favorably to the change in per unit costprojected for existing ARB consumer product regulations.

B. Economic Impacts Analysis on California Businesses as Required by The CaliforniaAdministrative Procedure Act (APA)

1. Legal Requirements

Section 11346.3 of the Government Code requires State agencies to assess the potentialfor adverse economic impacts on California business enterprises and individuals when proposingto adopt or amend any administrative regulation. The assessment shall include a consideration ofthe impact of the proposed regulation on California jobs, business expansion, elimination orcreation, and the ability of California business to compete with businesses in other states.

Also, State agencies are required to estimate the cost or savings to any state or localagency and school district in accordance with instructions adopted by the Department of Finance. The estimate shall include any nondiscretionary cost or savings to local agencies and the cost orsavings in federal funding to the state.

Health and Safety Code section 57005 requires the ARB to perform an economic impactanalysis of submitted alternatives to a proposed regulation before adopting any major regulation. A major regulation is defined as a regulation that will have a potential cost to California businessenterprises in an amount exceeding ten million dollars in any single year. The proposed ATCMis not a major regulation.

2. Potential Impact on California Businesses

Overall, most affected businesses will be able to absorb the costs of the proposed ATCMwith no significant adverse impacts on their profitability. However, the proposed measures mayimpose economic hardship on some businesses with small or no margin of profitability. Ifnecessary, these businesses can seek relief under the variance provision of the proposed ATCMfor extensions to their compliance dates. Such extensions may provide sufficient time tominimize the cost impacts to these businesses. Because the proposed ATCM would not altersignificantly the profitability of most businesses, we do not expect a noticeable change inemployment; business creation, elimination or expansion; and business competitiveness inCalifornia.

This portion of the economic impacts analysis is based on a comparison of the return onowners’ equity (ROE) for affected businesses before and after inclusion of the cost to complywith the proposed requirements. The data used in this analysis are obtained from publiclyavailable sources, the ARB’s 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey, and the staff’scost-effectiveness analysis discussed later in this chapter.

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3. Affected Businesses

Any business which manufactures or markets chlorinated automotive consumer productswould potentially be affected by the proposed ATCM. Also potentially affected are businesseswhich supply raw materials to these manufacturers or marketers, distribute or retail, and usechlorinated automotive consumer products. The focus of this analysis, however, is onmanufacturers or marketers because these businesses are directly affected by the proposedATCM.

Automotive consumer products are manufactured or marketed by 60 companiesnationwide, of which ten (mostly medium- or small-sized firms) are based in Californiaaccording to the ARB’s Consumer Products Registration Database. These companiesmanufacture and market an estimated total of 186 VOC and 66 chlorinated TAC products. California companies accounted for nine percent of chlorinated TAC and VOC productsmanufactured or marketed in California as shown in Table IX-1.

Table IX-1. Number of Chlorinated TAC and VOC Products Marketed in California

Product Type California Firms Non-California Firms Total

Chlorinated TAC Products 6 9% 60 91% 66 100%

VOC Products 16 9% 170 91% 186 100%

Total 22 230 252

Firms 10 50 60

All affected products are classified under Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 2842 orthe new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 325612. A list of theseproducts is provided in Table IX-2. The product category with the most chlorinated TACproducts is automotive brake cleaners (2202), followed by general purpose degreasers (5203c),carburetor cleaners (2203), and engine degreasers (2204a).

IX-5

Table IX-2. Affected Product Categories

Code Category Products

VOC ChlorinatedTAC

2202 Automotive Brake Cleaners 61 37

2203 Carburetor Cleaners 45 11

2204a Engine Degreasers 56 6

5203c General Purpose Degreasers (including aerosol Solvent Parts Cleaners)

24 12

a. Study Approach

This study covers one industry with 60 affected businesses. The approach used inevaluating the potential economic impact of the proposed ATCM on these businesses is outlinedas follows:

C A sample of three representative businesses of different sizes was selected fromthe list of 60 affected businesses based on the size of their sales and number ofnoncompliant products they manufacture or market;

C Compliance cost was estimated for each of these businesses;C Estimated cost was adjusted for federal and state taxes; and,C The three-year average ROE was calculated, where data was available, for each of

these businesses by averaging their ROEs for 1996 through 1998. ROE iscalculated by dividing the net profit by the net worth. The adjusted cost was thensubtracted from net profit data. The results were used to calculate an adjustedthree-year average ROE. The adjusted ROE was then compared with the ROEbefore the subtraction of the adjusted cost to determine the potential impact on theprofitability of the business. A reduction of more than 10 percent in profitabilityis considered to indicate a potential for significant adverse economic impacts.

The threshold value of 10 percent has been used consistently by the ARB staff todetermine impact severity (ARB, 1990b; ARB, 1991b; ARB, 1995; ARB, 1999b). Thisthreshold is consistent with the thresholds used by the United States Environmental ProtectionAgency and others.

b. Assumptions

The ROEs before and after the subtraction of the adjusted compliance costs werecalculated for each size business using financial data for 1996 through 1998. The calculationswere based on the following assumptions:

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C Selected businesses are representative of affected businesses;C All affected businesses were subject to the highest federal and state corporate tax

rates of 35 percent and 8.8 percent respectively; and,C Affected businesses are not able to increase the prices of their products, nor can

they lower their costs of doing business through short-term cost-cutting measures.

Given the limitation of available data, staff believes these assumptions are reasonable formost businesses; however, they may not be applicable to all businesses.

c. Results

Typical California businesses are affected by the proposed ATCM to the extent that theadditional costs imposed by the proposed requirements would change their profitability. Adetailed analysis of these costs is provided in the cost-effectiveness section of this report. Thecost analysis shows that the estimated annualized costs of reformulating a noncompliant productwill range from $1,392 to $17,840, with an average of $9,616 (see Table IX-4).

Using ROE to measure profitability, we found that the average ROE of sample businessesin the automotive consumer products industry declined by about 2.04 percent as shown inTable IX-3. This represents a minor change in the average profitability of sample businesses.

Table IX-3. Changes in Return on Owner’s Equity (ROEs) for Typical Businesses in Automotive Consumer Products Industry

Size Change in ROE

Small 6.01%

Medium 0.07%

Large 0.04%

Average 2.04%

Note: all “change in ROEs” shown are negative (i.e., shows a decline in profitability)

The projected change in profitability of typical businesses in the automotive consumerproducts industry varied widely. The predicted decline in profitability of sample businessesranged from a high of about 6.01 percent for a small business to a low of 0.04 percent for a largebusiness, as shown in Table IX-3. This variation in the impact of the proposed ATCM can beattributed mainly to two factors. First, large businesses incur higher costs due to the number ofnoncompliant (chlorinated TAC) products they manufacture or market. For example, theestimated annualized costs for sample businesses ranged from a high of about $67,300 to a lowof about $28,800. Second, the performance of businesses may differ from year to year. Hence,

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the average 1996 through 1998 financial data used may not be representative of an average-yearperformance for some businesses.

The estimated changes to ROEs may be high for the following reasons. First, annualizedcosts of compliance are estimated using, in part, the current prices of raw materials. Rawmaterial prices usually tend to fall as higher demand for these materials induces economy of scaleproduction in the long run. Second, affected businesses probably would not absorb all of theincrease in their costs of doing business. They might be able to either pass some of the cost on toconsumers in the form of higher prices, reduce their costs, or do both.

4. Potential Impact on Consumers

The potential impact of the proposed ATCM on consumers depends upon how it wouldchange the price and performance attributes of chlorinated TAC products. Currently, there are nonoticeable differences between the market prices for chlorinated TAC and VOC products. Theseproducts are basically interchangeable. According to the industry sources, both chlorinated TACand VOC products have basically the same performance attributes, except that many chlorinatedTAC products are nonflammable while VOC products are typically flammable. (For a discussionof flammability, see Chapter X, Section F). Given the availability of good substitute products, itis unlikely that affected businesses will be able to pass on the cost increases to consumers. Thus,we estimated that the cost increase per unit will range from no change to $0.09, with an averageof about $0.02.

The proposed ATCM, however, may limit the product choices available to consumers byrequiring manufacturers not to sell chlorinated TAC products in California. This may not be amajor problem because there is more demand for VOC products than for chlorinated TACproducts in the market. According to the ARB 1997 Consumer Products Survey, there are threeVOC products in the market for every one chlorinated TAC product. Presently, the market salesfor these products is split approximately 60 and 40 percent between VOC and chlorinated TACproducts. According to the industry sources, about 90% of these products are used for non-residential applications. Automotive repair facilities may have an incentive to reduce their usesof chlorinated TAC products because it would reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated,thus reducing their disposal costs.

5. Potential Impact on Employment

The proposed ATCM is not expected to cause a noticeable change in Californiaemployment and payroll because the contribution of the affected industry to the Californiaeconomy is marginal. California accounts for a small share of manufacturing employment forautomotive consumer products. According to the 1997 Economic Census, Californiaemployment in the industry (NAICS 325612/SIC 2842, which includes establishments engagedin manufacturing and packaging polishes and speciality cleaning preparations) was 1,669 in1997, or about 7.6 percent of the national employment in the industry. This also represents only

IX-8

about 0.09 percent of the total manufacturing jobs in California. These employees working in83 establishments generated about $51 million in payroll, accounting for less than 0.02 percent oftotal California manufacturing payroll in 1997. Twenty-three establishments had over20 employees; the rest had less than 20 employees each.

The employment in the speciality cleaning preparations industry is unlikely to changesignificantly as a result of the proposed ATCM. This is because, as shown above, affectedmanufacturers or marketers are able to absorb the reformulation costs with no significant impacton their profitability. The bulk of brake cleaning products, however, are used by brake repairshops. In 1997, California automotive speciality repair shops (SIC 7539), which included brakerepair shops, employed 6,128 persons with a payroll of about $144 million. The employment inthese shops is unlikely to be affected adversely by the proposed ATCM. This is because we donot expect a noticeable change in the prices of reformulated products. The availability of goodsubstitute products in the market is likely to prevent affected manufacturers or marketers frompassing along the reformulation costs to their consumers in the form of higher prices.

6. Potential Impact on Business Creation, Elimination or Expansion

The proposed ATCM would have no noticeable impact on the status of Californiabusinesses. This is because the reformulation costs are not expected to impose a significantimpact on the profitability of businesses in California. However, some small businesses withlittle or no margin of profitability may lack the financial resources to reformulate their productsin a timely manner. Should the proposed measures impose significant hardship on thesebusinesses, temporary relief in the form of a compliance date extension under the varianceprovision of the proposed ATCM may be warranted.

While some individual businesses may be affected adversely, the proposed ATCM mayprovide business opportunities for existing California businesses or result in the creation of newbusinesses. California businesses which supply raw materials or provide consulting services toaffected industries may benefit from increased industry spending on reformulation.

7. Potential Impact on Business Competitiveness

The proposed ATCM should have no significant impact on the ability of Californiabusinesses to compete with businesses in other states. Because the proposed ATCM would applyto all businesses that manufacture or market automotive consumer products for sale in Californiaregardless of their location, the staff’s proposal should not present any economic disadvantagesspecific to California businesses. Of a total of 60 companies involved in manufacturing ormarketing automotive consumer products, ten were located in California. Only three of tenCalifornia companies manufactured or marketed chlorinated TAC products subject to theproposed ATCM. These companies manufactured or marketed only 6 out of 66 noncompliantTAC products.

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Nonetheless, the proposed ATCM may have an adverse impact on the competitiveposition of some small, marginal businesses in California if these businesses lack resources todevelop commercially acceptable products in a timely manner. As stated above, such impactscan be mitigated to a degree with a justifiable compliance extension under the variance provisionof the proposed ATCM.

C. Analysis of Potential Impacts to California State or Local Agencies

The proposed ATCM should have no economic impact on State agencies. There are noState agencies that manufacture or market automotive consumer products which are subject tothe proposed ATCM. However, the Air Resources Board (ARB or Board) may incur additionalimplementation or enforcement costs at some future time.

The proposed ATCM should have minimal economic impacts on the local air pollutioncontrol and air quality management districts (districts). Health and Safety Code section 39666requires that after the adoption of the proposed ATCM by the Board, the districts must enforcethe ATCM or adopt and enforce an equal or more stringent regulation. Beginning in 2005, thedistricts, during their normal course of business, will be responsible for determining ifautomotive maintenance and repair (AMR) facilities are using complying automotive consumerproducts as defined by the proposed ATCM. The inspection for complying automotive consumerproducts should add very little time to the total time it takes to conduct an inspection. BecauseAMR facilities are currently not required to be permitted by the districts, we are unable toestimate how many AMR facilities a district will visit during the course of a year. Therefore, thetotal economic impact on the districts cannot be quantified. However, the cost for a districtinspector to perform an AMR facility inspection is estimated to range from $50 to $83 per hour(AQMD, 2000).

D. Analysis of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Proposed ATCM

This is the first ATCM to address consumer products. Therefore, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness for this ATCM, we used methods that have been used in the past for both the ToxicAir Contaminant Control Program and the Consumer Products Program. For a VOC or criteriapollutant regulation, the cost effectiveness is usually assessed on the basis of the cost per poundof pollutant controlled. This type of evaluation allows us to compare the efficiency of theproposed regulation in reducing a pound of pollutant relative to existing regulations. For an airtoxics control regulation, we use a method that considers both the quantity and toxicity of theemissions reduced. This measure of cost-effectiveness is based on the calculation of the cost perpotential cancer case avoided.

1. Methodology

The cost-effectiveness of a standard is generally defined as the ratio of total dollars to bespent to comply with the standard (as an annualized cost) to the mass reduction of the

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ATCM(Annualized Fixed Costs)Pre-Reg + (Annual Recurring Costs )Pre-Reg

(Annual Mass Reduction in TAC)Pre-RegATCM

ATCM

1-ni)+(1

ni)+(1 i x Costs) (Fixed

pollutant(s) to be achieved by complying with that standard (in annual pounds). Annual costsinclude annualized non-recurring fixed costs (e.g., total research and development, product andconsumer testing, equipment purchases/modifications, etc.) and annual recurring costs (e.g., rawmaterials, labeling, packaging, etc.).

As in the past Consumer Products regulations, ARB staff analyzed each product categoryindependently of the others as if it was a separate regulation. By evaluating each productcategory separately, we can examine the impact that the proposed regulation may have onmanufacturers in each category. This is a conservative assumption since we know there will be asharing of technology between departments of a company that makes products for severalproduct categories.

In this analysis, we annualized the non-recurring fixed costs using the Capital RecoveryMethod, as recommended under guidelines issued by the California Environmental ProtectionAgency (Cal/EPA). Using this method, we multiply the estimated total fixed costs to reformulatea product by the Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) to convert these costs into equal annualpayments over a project horizon (i.e., the projected useful life of the investment) at a discountrate (Cal/EPA, 1996). We then sum the annualized fixed costs with the annual recurring costsand divide that sum by the annual emission reductions to calculate the cost-effectiveness for theestimated mass of pollutant(s) reduced. Equation 1 presents the methodology for calculatingcost-effectiveness.

(1) Cost-Effectiveness =

where:

(2) Annualized Fixed Costs =

i(1+i)n/((1+i)n-1) = Capital Recovery Factor (CRF)i = discount interest rate over project horizon, in percentn = number of years in project horizonFixed Costs = total nonrecurring cost per product category

i.e. (Nonrecurring Cost per Product) x (Total Noncompliant Products inthe Category)

A convenient method for estimating the annual recurring cost component is to separateEquation 1 into two fractions, one for the nonrecurring costs and one for the recurring costs. Itcan then be shown that the cost-effectiveness fraction for recurring costs can be simplified andcalculated as follows:

IX-11

(Compliant Materials Cost) - (Baseline Materials Cost)(Baseline TAC Emissions) - (Compliant Emissions of TACs)

(3) Annual Recurring =Costs (Emissions)

where,

Baseline Materials Cost = cost of raw materials for each pound of product ($/lb), based onproduct formulations prior to ATCM implementation

Baseline TAC Emissions = Emission of TACs prior to ATCM implementation

Compliant Materials Cost = cost of raw materials for each pound of product ($/lb), based onproduct formulations that meet the proposed ATCM

Compliant TAC Emissions = Emission of TACs after full implementation of ATCM

To use Equation 3, we determined the sales-weighted average VOC and chlorinated TACcontents of products in each of the four product categories, based on sales data and the speciatedformulations as reported by manufacturers in the ARB’s 1997 Consumer and CommercialProducts Survey. To the extent feasible, we then determined the detailed formulations whichmost closely reflect the “typical” (i.e., sales-weighted average) VOC and chlorinated TACproducts. These formulations, in turn, were designated as compliant and baseline formulations,respectively.

For most ingredients, we used the most recent, distributor-level bulk prices from theChemical Market Reporter (November 29, 1999), or from information gathered during theOctober 1999 Amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation, to calculate the baseline andcompliant material costs based on these designated formulations. These analyses are shown inTable IX-5 (pages 17 & 18) and discussed in more detail in “Annual Recurring Cost (Impacts toRaw Materials Cost)” later in Section D-4.

2. Assumptions

In this analysis, we made an assumption that the costs to comply with this ATCM wouldbe the same costs that a company would incur if they were reformulating a product to meet a newVOC limit under the Consumer Products Program. For fixed nonrecurring costs, we assumedthat all manufacturers will conduct their own research and development, purchase their ownequipment, and make all other expenditures and efforts necessary to reformulate their products. Essentially, each manufacturer and marketer is assumed to “reinvent the same wheel” anddirectly conduct all reformulation and research and development efforts. In reality, however, alarge portion of the consumer products market is manufactured by contract fillers. Thesebusinesses, who usually conduct their own reformulation efforts in-house, fill products for alarge number of consumer product marketers. Contract fillers are therefore able to avoidduplication of reformulation efforts by applying “technology transfer” between product lines ofdifferent companies. The full extent to which contract fillers make products for other companies

IX-12

under each category is unknown. However, to the extent contract fillers are used by companiesto make complying products, the actual cost to comply with the ATCM for the entire industry islikely to be less than predicted, resulting in more cost-effective emission reductions thanindicated in this analysis.

We calculated the cost-effectiveness with an assumed project horizon of 10 years, acommonly cited period for an investment’s useful lifetime in the chemical processing industry. We also assumed a fixed interest rate of 10 percent throughout the project horizon. Theseassumptions are conservative and constitute standard practice in cost-effectiveness analyses of airpollution regulations, including previous consumer product rulemakings. Based on theseassumptions, the Capital Recovery Factor is 0.16274.

In the 1997 and 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation, the ConsumerProducts staff assumed products reformulated to meet the proposed limits would be marketedthroughout the United States by national marketers. Except for the aerosol coatings regulation(title 17, CCR, sections 94520-94528), the Consumer Products staff found that businessesgenerally formulated products compliant with the Phase I (1990) and Phase II (1991) ConsumerProducts Regulations and antiperspirant/deodorant regulations for the entire nation, rather thanincurring the additional cost of setting up a California versus 49-state product distributionsystem. We believe the same strategy will be employed by companies subject to the proposedATCM. We therefore assumed that, for the annualized fixed cost portion of Equation 1 it isappropriate to either use the fixed cost for national production divided by the national emissionreductions or, equivalently, use the California-apportioned (by population) annualized fixed costdivided by the California-apportioned emission reductions under the proposed ATCM (ARB,1999b).

For the annual recurring costs, we assumed that to make compliant VOC reformulationswould result in cost changes as a result of changes in a product’s raw materials and theirassociated prices. Changes in packaging, labeling, distribution and other recurring costs wereassumed to be negligible relative to baseline levels of these costs. This assumption is based onprevious consumer product regulatory experiences. To illustrate, ARB staff conducted acomprehensive technical assessment of the 55 percent VOC hairspray limit, which requiredextensive reformulations and revolutionary changes to existing products. The hairspray limit isgenerally considered to be among the most challenging of the consumer product limits; it likelyresulted in more changes to the regulated product, relative to pre-regulatory products, than anyother VOC limit. However, the staff’s assessment found that changes to recurring costs otherthan hairspray raw material costs were expected to be negligible (ARB, 1997d). Based on thisfinding and because there are compliant VOC products currently available, we believe ourassumptions regarding the recurring costs are reasonable.

In the 1999 Consumer Products amendments, the definition for “general purposedegreaser” was modified to include products that are designed to clean miscellaneous metallicparts. These products are currently sold and labeled as “solvent parts cleaner” or “metallic parts

IX-13

index 1991 C.E.

index 1999 C.E. x dollars) 1991(in Costs Recurring-Non = dollars) 1999(in Costs Recurring-Non

cleaner.” These products have functions similar to general purpose degreasers in that they aredesigned to remove or dissolve grease, dirt, grime, and other contaminants (ARB, 1999b). In the1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey the general purpose degreaser category wasgrouped under “household care products.” For the cost analysis, the general purposedegreaser/solvent parts cleaner category was analyzed as a “household” product. For thisATCM, most of the products in the general purpose degreaser/solvent parts cleaner category arefor automotive use and were therefore analyzed as automotive products. The difference in theanalysis is that the initial “estimated annualized fixed cost to reformulate” is different for thehousehold care and automotive categories.

3. Non-Recurring Fixed Costs

In the past, reviews of relevant technical literature and industry trade journals providedlittle information that could be used to estimate costs directly. This is not surprising, because theconsumer products industry is very competitive, and production cost data specific to a companyare closely-guarded trade secrets. In addition, ARB staff have had very limited success with costsurveys in the past and did not expect one to provide much useful information in this rulemaking(e.g., during the 1991 consumer products Phase II rulemaking, cost survey responses from onlythree manufacturers were received out of several hundred that were mailed; ARB, 1991b). Therefore, ARB staff developed estimates for nonrecurring cost based on analogous costsreported by ARB staff for the Phase II Consumer Products rulemaking (ARB,1991b;Appendix D1). The Phase II nonrecurring costs are applicable for this analysis since they werebased on staff’s detailed estimates of labor, research and development, equipment purchase, andother costs involved in product reformulations for four generic product categories which includedautomotive consumer products. This is the same approach that was used for the 1997 and 1999consumer products amendments.

The Phase II nonrecurring investment costs, reported in 1991 dollars, were adjusted to1999 dollars using a well-established method of ratioing chemical engineering plant cost indicesas follows (Peters and Timmerhaus, 1980):

(4)

where,C.E. 1999 index = 1999 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index = 392.0C.E. 1991 index = 1991 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index = 357.6

(Chemical Engineering, November 1999)

ARB Consumer Product staff believe the original Phase II cost estimates were beneficialat the time of rulemaking for predicting the costs to comply with those limits. However, in 1997,the ARB Consumer Products staff completed a detailed technical assessment of the hairspraysecond-tier limit. They believe those original cost estimates grossly overestimated true

IX-14

nonrecurring costs for Phase II by about a factor of ten. The aforementioned hairspray technicalassessment projects industry will spend on average, based on real-world expenditures to date, anestimated $100,000 per noncompliant hairspray product to meet the second-tier limit ($20 to$50 million total cost divided by an estimated 350 noncompliant hairspray products;ARB, 1997c). Because the hairspray category arguably represents a worst-case scenario, with itstwo-tier limits requiring extensive reformulations, research and development, andconsumer/safety testing, they believe the $100,000 per product nonrecurring costs for hairspraysis a reasonable, order-of-magnitude upper boundary for average per-product reformulation costsunder most of the proposed new limits. We therefore estimated the nonrecurring costs for theATCM by adjusting the Phase II estimates to be consistent (same order of magnitude) as the$100,000 per product real-world average expenditures for hairsprays (ARB, 1999b).

The number of noncomplying products used for the calculations came from the1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey. This survey was mailed to over3,000 companies nationwide at the end of February 1998. The survey requested data on about100 categories of consumer products. Extensive outreach efforts were made to maximize themarket coverage of the survey. The Consumer Products staff found that the survey and extensiveoutreach resulted in an estimated 90 percent market coverage for most categories (ARB, 1999b). It is not possible for a survey of this magnitude to reach the entirety of the consumer productsindustry. Therefore, as a conservative estimate, the number of noncomplying products have beenmultiplied by a factor of 1.2 to adjust for 80% market coverage.

Table IX-4 shows our estimates for per-product and total annualized nonrecurring costsfor each of the four product categories subject to the proposed ATCM. As shown, we project aper-product annualized nonrecurring cost ranging from a low of about $8,550 to a high of about$110,000. With approximately 80 noncompliant (chlorinated TAC) products that would need tobe reformulated, the overall total annualized fixed cost to industry is projected to range fromabout $110,000 to $1.4 million dollars per year, with a general breakdown of this range asfollows: automotive brake cleaners (56 percent), carburetor or fuel-injection air intake cleaners(17 percent), engine degreasers (9 percent), and general purpose degreasers/solvent partscleaners (18 percent).

4. Annual Recurring Cost (Impacts to Raw Materials Cost)

In this analysis, we evaluated the anticipated cost impacts that the proposed ATCM mayhave on raw material costs. An evaluation of the impacts to raw material costs provides anindicator of possible impacts to the retail prices of the affected products (assuming the costimpacts are passed on partially or fully to consumers). Because of unpredictable factors such asthe highly competitive nature of the consumer products market, it is not possible to accuratelypredict the final retail price of products that will comply with the proposed ATCM when itbecome effective. To the extent the cost impacts are passed on to consumers, the final retailprices may be lower or higher than suggested by this analysis.

Table IX-4. Estimated Total Annualized Non-Recurring Fixed Cost to Comply with Proposed ATCM

Estimated Annualized Fixed Cost toEstimated Annualized CostEstimated Total One-Time CostEstimated # ofReformulate All Chlorinated TAC Productsto Reformulate Per Productto Reformulate Per ProductChlorinated TAC

(dollars per year)(dollars per year)(dollars)ProductsHighLowHighLowHighLowCategoryCode

D2 = (A x C2)D1 = (A x C1)C2 = (B2 x CRF)C1 = (B1 x CRF)B2B1(A)

$792,100$61,784$17,840$1,392$109,620$8,55044Automotive Brake Cleaners2202$235,489$18,368$17,840$1,392$109,620$8,55013Carburetor, Fuel-Injection Cleaners2203$128,449$10,019$17,840$1,392$109,620$8,5507Engine Degreasers2204a$256,897$20,038$17,840$1,392$109,620$8,55014G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol)5203c

79SUM =

$1,412,936$110,209Grand Annual Total1.2Market Adjustment =(Prelim 8/99)392.01999 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index =(dollars per year)(used to estimate total number of chlorinated TAC products in CA)(Final 1991)357.61991 Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index =

10.00%Discount Rate10Project Horizon, in years(1) # Chorinated TAC Products = (Market Adj.) x (# Chlorinated TAC Products in Survey)Notes:

0.16275Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) (Survey is 1997 Consumer and Commerical Products Survey)(2) Estimated Total One-Time Cost to Reformulate from 1991 Consumer Products Report. (See Section IX-C.3)

IX-15

IX-16

a. Methodology

As discussed previously, we determined the detailed formulations which most closelyreflect the “typical” (sales-weighted average) VOC and chlorinated TAC contents. Theseformulations, in turn, were designated as compliant and baseline formulations, respectively. Theaverage unit size used for these calculations, are the same as the ones used for the VOC productsin the 1999 Consumer Products cost calculations. These unit sizes differ from the ones used forthe chlorinated TAC products in the risk assessment modeling.

As part of the analysis, we compared the chlorinated TAC formulations with both thecomplying and non-complying VOC formulations that were used for the 1999 ConsumerProducts cost calculations. The difference in cost was very small, and did not change the finalresults mentioned below. VOC formulations listed in the tables reflect the formulations that arecompliant with the 1999 Consumer Products amendments.

Distributor-level ingredient prices from the Chemical Market Reporter(November 29, 1999) or from information gathered during the 1999 Consumer Productsregulation were used to calculate the baseline and compliant material costs for theseformulations. As noted previously, we assumed changes in packaging, labeling, distribution andother recurring costs to be negligible relative to baseline levels of these costs (ARB, 1997c).

The analyses and the detailed formulations evaluated (with individual weight fractionsand unit prices per pound) are shown as cost spreadsheets in Table IX-5. While theseformulations may not reflect the exact composition of existing noncompliant products andcompliant products that will be marketed, we believe they are reasonably representative for thepurposes of this analysis.

b. Results

As shown in Table IX-6, the raw materials cost for chlorinated TAC products are greaterthan for VOC products. Table IX-7 shows a comparison of the impacts to raw materials costunder the proposed ATCM relative to those of the ARB consumer product regulations. Asshown, the raw materials cost impacts under the proposed limits are comparable to those of otherARB regulations.

5. Analysis of the Combined Impacts on Per-Unit Cost from Recurring andNonrecurring Costs

In this analysis, we evaluated the combined impacts of both recurring (i.e., raw materialscosts) and nonrecurring costs from the proposed ATCM on per-unit costs. Although the rawmaterial costs usually constitute the major portion of the compliance costs, the nonrecurring(fixed) cost was the major contributor in this analysis. In performing this analysis, we used thefixed costs, raw material costs, assumptions, and other facts discussed previously.

Table IX-5. Annual Recurring Cost Calculations for Raw Materials

2203Formulation:2202Formulation:Carburetor, Fuel-Injection CleanersCategory:Automotive Brake CleanersCategory:

Formulation and Cost ComparisonFormulation and Cost ComparisonVOC45.00%Typical Chlorinated TACVOC45.00%Typical Chlorinated TAC

Tier-1 CompliantFormulationUnit CostTier-1 CompliantFormulationUnit CostCostwt%Costwt%$/lbComponentCostwt%Costwt%$/lbComponent

(B)x(D)/100(D)(B)x(C)/100(C)(B)(A)(B)x(D)/100(D)(B)x(C)/100(C)(B)(A)

0.07050.0 0.140acetone0.07050.0 0.140acetone

0.02420.0 0.120toluene0.02420.0 0.120toluene

0.0035.00.00610.00.058methanol0.00915.0 0.058methanol

0.02820.00.04230.00.140xylene0.01210.0 0.120heptane

0.0055.00.0033.00.100carbon dioxide0.0055.00.01010.000.100carbon dioxide 0.25757.000.450methylene chloride 0.14040.000.350perchloroethylene 0.13530.000.450methylene chloride

0.13020.000.650trichloroethylene

100.00%100.00%SUM100.00%100.00%SUM

0.1300.307Total Cost , $/Pound0.1200.415Total Cost , $/Pound

-57.7%% Cost Diff. Relative-71.2%% Cost Diff. Relativeto Current Productto Current Product

0.110.25Total Cost , $/Unit0.100.34Total Cost , $/Unit

-$0.00Annual Recurring Costs C.E., $/lb TAC Reduced-$0.00Annual Recurring Costs C.E., $/lb TAC Reduced

tons/day0.31(1) Statewide 1997 Emissions of Perc, MeCl, & TCEAssume:tons/day4.45(1) 1997 Statewide Emissions of Perc, MeCl, & TCEAssume: from Carburetor, Choke Cleaners from Automotive Brake Cleaners

ounce13.00(2) Average unit size = ounce13.00(2) Average unit size =

(**) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (**) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (i.e., indicates potential cost savings) (i.e., indicates potential cost savings)

IX-17

Table IX-5 (continued). Annual Recurring Cost Calculations for Raw Materials

5203cFormulation:2204aFormulation:G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol)Category:Engine Degreasers Category:

Formulation and Cost ComparisonFormulation and Cost ComparisonVOC50.00%Typical Chlorinated TACVOC35.00%Typical Chlorinated TAC

Tier-1 CompliantFormulationUnit CostTier-1 CompliantFormulationUnit CostCostwt%Costwt%$/lbComponentCostwt%Costwt%$/lbComponent

(B)x(D)/100(D)(B)x(C)/100(C)(B)(A)(B)x(D)/100(D)(B)x(C)/100(C)(B)(A)

0.0055.0 0.100carbon dioxide0.02510.0 0.250HC propellant

0.00142.0 0.002water0.11010.0 1.100d-limonene

0.03410.0 0.340isopropanol0.0235.0 0.460glycol ether

0.0573.0 1.900surfactant/emuls0.10515.0 0.700LVP glycol ether

0.14020.0 0.700glycol ether0.01110.0 0.106aromatic solvent

0.22020.0 1.100d-limonene0.00139.0 0.002water

0.084240.350perchloroethylene0.0011.0 0.098ammonia

0.742721.030111-trichloroethane0.19010.01.900surfactant

0.00440.100carbon dioxide0.64499.00.650trichloroethylene

0.0011.00.100carbon dioxide

100.00%100.00%SUM100.00%100.00%SUM

0.4570.830Total Cost , $/Pound0.4650.645Total Cost , $/Pound

-44.9%% Cost Diff. Relative-27.8%% Cost Diff. Relativeto Current Productto Current Product

0.430.78Total Cost , $/Unit0.380.52Total Cost , $/Unit

-$0.00Annual Recurring Costs C.E., $/lb TAC Reduced-$0.00Annual Recurring Costs C.E., $/lb TAC Reduced

tons/day0.31(1) 1997 Statewide Emissions of Perc, MeCl, & TCEAssume:tons/day0.1(1) 1997 Statewide Emissions of Perc, MeCl, & TCEAssume: from G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol) from Engine Degreasers (Aerosols)

ounce15.00(2) Average unit size = ounce13.00(2) Average unit size =

(**) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (**) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (i.e., indicates potential cost savings) (i.e., indicates potential cost savings)

IX-18

IX-19

Table IX-6. Estimated Impacts to Raw Materials Cost Per Unit

Estimated Raw Materials costs, $/Unit of Product

Chlorinated TACFormulation

(Baseline)

VOCFormulation(Compliant)

Cost Difference BetweenCompliant and Baseline

Formulations

Code Category (B1) (A1) (A1)-(B1)

2202 Automotive Brake Cleaners $0.34 $0.10 $0.00

2203 Carburetor, Fuel-InjectionCleaners

$0.25 $0.11 $0.00

2204a Engine Degreasers $0.52 $0.38 $0.00

5203c General Purpose/Solvent PartsCleaner (aerosol)

$0.78 $0.43 $0.00

Max Increase $0.00

Table IX-7. Comparison of Raw Materials Cost Impacts for the Proposed ATCM and ARB Consumer Product Regulations (unadjusted dollars)

RegulationCost Impacts

(Dollars per Unit of Product)

Proposed Chlorinated TAC ATCM $0.00

Mid-Term Measures II, 1999 $0.00 to $0.25

Phase III (Mid-Term Measures 1) Consumer Products Regulation, 1997 $0.00 to $0.60

Hairsprays, 19971 ($0.10) to $0.45

Phase II Consumer Products Regulation, 1991 <$0.01 to $0.601. $0.45/unit reported as a worst-case scenario using high-level of HFC-152a as propellant in “premium” products.

IX-20

a. Methodology

This method differs from the raw materials cost-only analysis in the previous section in thatthe nonrecurring cost in this analysis is assumed to be “spread out” (i.e., recouped) through theentire California sales volume of each product category. Thus, the total annual recurring andannualized nonrecurring costs reported previously is divided by the number of units sold inCalifornia per year to estimate the per-unit cost increase. The California sales volume for aproduct category is estimated by dividing the total TAC emissions (pounds of TAC per year) forthat category by the category’s sales-weighted average TAC content (pounds of TAC per poundof product).

d. Results

As shown in Table IX-8, the combined fixed and raw material cost changes to per-unitproduction costs ranged from no cost increase (net savings or no cost for various categories) toabout $0.09 per unit (engine degreaser). Averaged over the sales volume for each category, theunit sales-weighted average cost increase is about $0.02 per unit. For comparison purposes, thisis the same unit sales-weighted average cost increase that was estimated for the 1999 ConsumerProducts amendments.

6. Cost-Effectiveness

a. Cost Per Pound of Emissions Reduced

Table IX-9 shows the overall results of our cost-effectiveness analysis, with separatecost-effectiveness fractions representing the annualized nonrecurring and annual recurring costs(see equations 1 and 3). In general, Table IX-9 shows that the annualized recurring costs(i.e., raw materials, labeling, packaging, etc.) have a small impact on overall cost-effectivenessfor the affected categories. For the most part, the raw materials cost (i.e., annual recurring cost)for both VOC and chlorinated TAC products are relatively the same. The most significantimpact on overall cost-effectiveness is from the annualized nonrecurring fixed costs(i.e., research and development, product testing, etc.). Table IX-9 shows that the estimatedcost-effectiveness ranges from a low of $0.00 (net savings or no cost for several categories) to ahigh of about $0.23 per pound of TAC reduced for the general purpose degreaser/solvent partscleaner category.

Another useful quantity to report is the emission reductions-weighted average (ERWA)cost-effectiveness. This value is the sum of the products of the emission reductions for eachproduct category and its associated cost-effectiveness, divided by the sum of the total emissionreductions for all the product categories. In contrast to a simple arithmetic mean of the reportedcost-effectiveness values, the ERWA cost-effectiveness accounts for the relative magnitude ofemission reductions and the relative efficiency of the proposed ATCM in achieving thosereductions. Thus, the ERWA cost-effectiveness is, in theory, a better indicator of the trueaverage cost-effectiveness for achieving a pound of reduction under the proposed ATCM. Asshown in Table IX-9, the ERWA cost-effectiveness is about $0.03 per pound of TAC reduced.

Table IX-8. Estimated Per-Unit Cost Increases from Both Annualized Non-Recurring and Annual Recurring Costs

Estimated Per Unit Production Cost IncreaseEstimatedTypicalEstimatedSales-WtdEstimated Annualized Fixed Cost to TotalTotalTotalAnnual RecurringAnnualizedAnnualizedUnit SalesUnitTACAverage TACReformulate All Chlorinated TAC ProductsCostCostCostCost DifferenceNonrecurringNonrecurringper DayWeightEmissions,Content(dollars per year)

IncreaseIncreaseIncreaseCostCostin Calif.Mid/UnitHigh/UnitLow/UnitCost/UnitHigh Cost/UnitLow Cost/UnitOuncestons/day%HighLow

(K1+K2)/2K2=(I2+J)K1=(I1+J)(J)(I2=D2*CNF/H)(I1=D1*CNF/H)(H)(G)(F)(E)(D2)(D1)CategoryCode

$0.01$0.02$0.00$0.00$0.02$0.0012,171134.4590.0%$792,100$61,784Automotive Brake Cleaners2202$0.03$0.06$0.00$0.00$0.06$0.001,339130.3157.0%$235,489$18,368Carburetor, Fuel-Injection Cleaners2203$0.05$0.09$0.01$0.00$0.09$0.01524130.1047.0%$128,449$10,019Engine Degreasers2204a$0.02$0.03$0.00$0.00$0.03$0.002,756150.3124.0%$256,897$20,038G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol)5203c

$0.00MIN UNIT COST INCREASE16,7895.170$1,412,936$110,209SUM$0.09MAX UNIT COST INCREASE$0.02SWA-UNIT COST INCREASE

Notes: (1) (H) = (Estimated TAC Emissions/Sales-Wtd Ave TAC Content)*2000*16/Typical Unit Weight(2) (I) = Total Annualized Non-recurring Cost / [(H) * 365](3) (J) = Raw material cost difference between compliant and baseline formulations from Table IX-6(4) Figures in "( )" are negative (i.e., indicates potential cost savings)

0.13(5) California-to-National Cost Adjustment Factor (CNF)=(6) Annual Recurring Cost Difference from Table IX-3

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Table IX-9. Estimated Cost-Effectiveness for Proposed ATCM (Cost per Pound of Pollutants Reduced)

Estimated Cost-EffectivenessEstimated Reformulation Costs1997Estimated Annualized Fixed Cost to $/lb TAC reduced (in 1999 dollars)EmissionReformulate All Chlorinated TAC Products(in 1999 dollars)Annual Recurring CostAnnualized Non-Recurring CostReduc.(dollars per year)

$/lb TAC Reduced$/lb TAC Reducedtons/dayAveHighLowHighLowHighLow

(O1+O2)/2O2=(M2+N)O1=(M1+N) (N)M2 = D1*(CNF)/LM1 = D1*(CNF)/L(L)(D2)(D1)CategoryCode

$0.02$0.03$0.00-$0.00$0.03$0.004.450$792,100$61,784Automotive Brake Cleaners2202$0.07$0.14$0.01-$0.00$0.14$0.010.310$235,489$18,368Carburetor, Fuel-Injection Cleaners2203$0.12$0.23$0.02-$0.00$0.23$0.020.100$128,449$10,019Engine Degreasers2204a$0.08$0.15$0.01-$0.00$0.15$0.010.310$256,897$20,038G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol)5203c

$0.00MIN G(1)5.170$1,412,936$110,209Grand Total$0.23MAX G(2)$0.03ERWA-AVG

Notes:$99,003Total industry-wide annual compliance costs = (1) Avg. Cost-Effectiveness shown as "$0.00" means the average of the low and high cost-effectiveness for the category was either 0 or negative.

[(ERWA-AVG)*(L)*(365 days/year)*(2000 lbs/ton)](2) ERWA = emission reduction-weighted average(3) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (i.e., indicates potential cost savings)(4) Non-recurring fixed costs annualized by multiplying with the Cost Recovery Factor (CRF)(5) "Emission Reductions" (Column L) reflect 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey results adjusted for market coverage of the survey.(6) For non-recurring costs, "low" and "high" refer to range of estimated fixed costs discussed in Section IX-D.3.

0.13California-to-National Cost Adjustment Factor (CNF)=

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IX-23

Thus, the average cost to reduce one pound of chlorinated TACs under the proposed ATCM isless than five cents, indicating that total industry-wide annual compliance costs to achieve areduction of 5.17 tons per day of chlorinated TACs statewide in 1997 should be approximately$99,000 per year.

Table IX-10 shows a comparison of the cost-effectiveness for the proposed ATCMrelative to the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Operations ATCM. Of the nine ATCMs adoptedby the Board, this is the only one which controls one of the TACs addressed in the proposedATCM.

Table IX-10. Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness (Pound of Pollutant Reduced)

Airborne Toxic Control Measure Cost-Effectiveness

Proposed Chlorinated TAC ATCM $0.00 to $0.23 ($0.03 avg.)(Cost per pound of Perc, MeCl, and TCE reduced)

Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Operations ATCM,1993

$0.64-1.77 ($1.29 avg.)(Cost per pound of Perc reduced)

(adjusted to 1999 dollars)1

1. Cost-effectiveness values for Dry Cleaning ATCM adjusted to 1999 dollars using the following Chemical Engineering Plant Cost indices:359.2 (1993), 392.0 (Preliminary August 1999) from Chemical Engineering, November 1999.

b. Cost Per Potential Cancer Case Avoided

By removing Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the four automotive consumer productcategories, the emission and health impact (i.e., potential cancer risk) reduction benefits are100 percent. This correlates to a total of 5.17 tons per day emissions reduction of chlorinatedTACs. Additionally, based on a 70 year exposure duration, a reduction of approximately 65 totalpotential excess cancer cases statewide could be achieved by removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCEfrom the four automotive product categories.

To determine the reduction of 65 potential excess cancer cases statewide, we usedambient concentrations and emissions data as presented in Chapter VI. We then determined theindividual potential cancer risk for each compound based on its ambient concentration andmultiplied this by the percentage of emissions from the four automotive product categories. Finally, we multiplied this number by California’s 1997 population of 33 million. Of the65 potential cancer cases avoided, approximately 57 are attributed to Perc, 4 to TCE, and 4 toMeCl.

To evaluate the relative impact and effectiveness of the proposed control measure, wecalculated the cost per cancer case avoided. We again use Equation (1) to calculate costeffectiveness, but instead of using “annual mass reduction in TACs” in the denominator, we use

Table IX-11. Estimated Cost-Effectiveness for Proposed ATCM (Cost per Cancer Case Avoided)

Estimated Cost-Effectiveness$/Cancer Cases AvoidedTotal RegulationTotal Annualized Recurring CostEstimated Annualized Fixed Cost to

Cost(Raw Materials Cost)Reformulate All Non-Compliant ProductsAveHighLow($/year)($/Pound of Product)(dollars per year)

(R1+R2)/2R2=(Q2*70 yrs/cases)R1=(Q1*70 yrs/cases) (Q2=(D2*CNF)+P) (Q1=(D1*CNF)+P)(P)High (D2)Low (D1)CategoryCode

$59,956.38$111,236.32$8,676.43$102,973$8,032$0.00$792,100$61,784Automotive Brake Cleaners2202$17,824.87$33,070.26$2,579.48$30,614$2,388$0.00$235,489$18,368Carburetor, Fuel-Injection Cleaners2203$9,722.66$18,038.32$1,406.99$16,698$1,302$0.00$128,449$10,019Engine Degreasers2204a

$19,445.31$36,076.65$2,813.98$33,397$2,605$0.00$256,897$20,038G.P. Degreaser/Solvent Parts Cleaner (Aerosol)5203c

$106,949$198,422$15,477$183,682$14,327$0.00$1,412,936$110,209Grand Total$1,406.99MIN Q(1)

$111,236.32MAX Q(2)$25,927.08AVERAGENotes:

(1) Cost-effectiveness values in "( )" are negative (i.e., indicates potential cost savings)(2) Non-recurring fixed costs annualized by multiplying with the Cost Recovery Factor (CRF)(3) For non-recurring costs, "low" and "high" refer to range of estimated fixed costs discussed in Section IX-E.(4) Total Annual Recurring Cost = [raw material cost difference ($/pound) multiplied by the number of non-complying products] multiplied by 10 years, which is the project horizon

0.13California-to-National Cost Adjustment Factor (CNF)=64.8Total Potential Excess Cancer Cases Avoided (cases) =

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the “number of cancer cases avoided.” Table IX-11 shows the average cost per cancer caseavoided is about $26,000 with a range of approximately $1,400 to $111,000.

Table IX-12 shows a comparison of the cost-effectiveness for the proposed ATCMrelative to other ARB control measures. As shown, the staff’s proposal is significantly less thanpreviously approved ARB control measures.

Table IX-12. Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness (Cancer Case Avoided) forProposed ATCM and other ARB Control Measures (adjusted to 1999 dollars)

Airborne Toxic Control MeasureCost-Effectiveness1,2

(Dollars per Cancer Case Avoided)

Proposed Chlorinated TAC ATCM $1,400-111,000

Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Operations ATCM, 1993 $1.9-4.8 million

Ethylene Oxide ATCM for Sterilizers and Aerators, 1990 $2.1-3.2 million

Emissions of Toxic Metals from Non-Ferrous Metal Melting, 1992 $6,600-$18.6 million1. Cost-effectiveness values for ATCMs are based on size of the facility, amount and type of equipment required to meet the control limits, and

which control limit is to be met.2. All cost-effectiveness values have been adjusted to 1999 dollars using the following Chemical Engineering Plant Cost indices: 357.6 (1990),

358.2 (1992), 359.2 (1993), 392.0 (Preliminary August 1999).

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X. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED AIRBORNETOXIC CONTROL MEASURE

The intent of the proposed airborne toxic control measure (ATCM) is to protect thepublic health by reducing the public’s exposure to potentially harmful emissions of TACs. Anadditional consideration is the impact that the proposed ATCM may have on other areas of theenvironment. Based on available information, the ARB has determined that no significantadverse environmental impacts should occur. This chapter describes the potential impacts thatthe proposed ATCM may have on waste water treatment, hazardous waste disposal, and airpollution.

A. Legal Requirements Applicable to the Analysis

The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and ARB policy require an analysisto determine the potential adverse environmental impacts of proposed regulations. Since theARB’s program involving the adoption of regulations has been certified by the Secretary ofResources (see Public Resources Code section 21080.5), the CEQA environmental analysisrequirements are allowed to be included in the Initial Statement of Reasons for a rulemaking inlieu of preparing an environmental impact report or negative declaration. In addition, the ARBwill respond in writing to all significant environmental issues raised by the public during thepublic review period or at the Board hearing. These responses will be contained in the FinalStatement of Reasons for the ATCM.

Public Resources Code section 21159 requires that the environmental impact analysisconducted by ARB include the following: (1) an analysis of the reasonably foreseeableenvironmental impacts of the methods of compliance; (2) an analysis of reasonably foreseeablefeasible mitigation measures; and, (3) an analysis of reasonably foreseeable alternative means ofcompliance with the ATCM. Regarding reasonably foreseeable mitigation measures, CEQArequires an agency to identify and adopt feasible mitigation measures that would minimize anysignificant adverse environmental impacts described in the environmental analysis.

B. Potential Waste Water Impacts

Sanitation districts have been concerned about the amount of chlorinated compoundsfound in the waste effluent at treatment plants. Currently, many treatment plants do not have theequipment necessary to process industrial wastes such as chlorinated solvents and these solventshave been detected at elevated levels at some facilities. Over the last several years, increasedinfluent concentrations of Perc were observed at four wastewater treatment plants (PomonaWater Reclamation Plant, City of Los Angeles’ Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant,Joint Water Pollution Control Plant, and East Bay Municipal Utilities District). The influentconcentrations of Perc have been high enough to potentially cause violations of the plants’

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discharge limit of 5 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The data collected from the wastewatertreatment plants for 1999 showed median influent levels of 17 µg/L, 78 µg/L, 8 µg/L, and4 µg/L, respectively (CSDLA, 1999a; CSDLA 1999b).

The number of stationary and mobile parts washers being used in AMR facilities hasincreased over the years to meet federal, state, and local regulations adopted to addressenvironmental and health concerns. Publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) have beenconcerned about the disposal practices of the spent baths, which are usually classified ashazardous waste and cannot be disposed in the sewer system. In some cases, unused cleaners arealso considered hazardous waste. A study conducted in Southern California showed that aboutthree-quarters of spent water baths were classified as hazardous waste. None of these spent bathsmet discharge standards set by local POTWs or sanitary sewerage districts (DTSC, 1999a).

The removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from the four automotive consumer productscategories should lead to a reduction in the amount of chlorinated solvents reaching the stormdrains and the waste water treatment plants.

C. Potential Hazardous Waste Impacts

Hazardous waste is regulated in California by both federal and state programs. InCalifornia, all hazardous waste must be disposed of at a facility that is registered with theCalifornia Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). Under these programs, chlorinatedautomotive consumer products are generally classified as hazardous waste because they containsubstances which are listed as toxic substances.

An AMR facility will generate spent chlorinated solvent from stationary and portableparts washers and from liquid solvent that is used to wash parts over a collection drum. Ahazardous waste hauler is usually contracted to remove the spent solvent from the facility. For amonthly fee, waste haulers will pick-up the spent solvent, clean and maintain the solventcleaning unit, and refill the unit with clean solvent. Depending on the arrangement, solventcleaning units may be owned by the shop or leased from a solvent service company. The wastehauler will then recycle the spent solvent to reclaim the chlorinated substances which can then beresold. Based on information collected during site visits, spent baths (as well as other wastedisposal containers) contaminated with chlorinated compounds are typically more costly to haveremoved from the facility.

It is expected that the proposed ATCM may increase the usage of stationary and portableparts washers. The removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotive consumer products willminimize the possibility of chlorinated solvents contaminating aqueous baths, waste oilcontainers, and hazardous waste disposal drums thereby significantly reducing hazardous wastecontamination and disposal costs.

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D. Potential Air Pollution Impacts

1. Potential Increase in VOC Emissions

The Consumer Products Regulation reduces the formation of tropospheric, orground-level, ozone by reducing VOC emissions from consumer products. Tropospheric ozoneformation requires a mix of VOCs, nitrogen oxides, oxygen, and sunlight. Therefore, a reductionin VOC emissions is expected to provide a beneficial environmental impact on air quality andpublic health by reducing tropospheric ozone formation. Based on the results of the1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey, the products from the four automotiveconsumer product categories emitted approximately 14.6 tons per day (tpd) of VOCs inCalifornia (ARB, 1999b).

The October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation are expected toobtain a reduction of 3.3 tpd in VOC emissions from automotive consumer products(ARB, 1999b). However, the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE as formulation options in theproposed ATCM will adversely impact the reduction in VOC emissions that otherwise wouldhave been realized. Chlorinated automotive consumer products account for approximately38 percent of the market and their removal will reduce emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCE byapproximately 5.2 tpd (approximately 3.8 million pounds per year) as shown in Table X-1.

Table X-1. Statewide Emissions of Perc, MeCl, and TCEfrom Automotive Consumer Products

Perc Emissions [tons/day]

MeCl Emissions [tons/day]

TCE Emissions [tons/day]

Total Chlorinated [tons/day]

4.2 0.7 0.3 5.2

If we assume a worse case scenario where all current users of chlorinated products switch tonon-chlorinated, VOC-based products with Perc, MeCl, and TCE replaced with VOC compounds(irrespective of any current VOC-based formulation limits), then the theoretical increase instatewide VOC emissions would be approximately 5.2 tpd. However, beginningJanuary 1, 2002, the VOC-content of automotive consumer products is subject to VOC-contentlimits as specified in the October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation. As aresult of these technically-feasible limits, post-ATCM VOC emissions would increase by nomore than 2.3 tpd statewide. Table X-2 summarizes the potential increase in VOC emissions.

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Table X-2. Potential Maximum Increase in VOC Emissions froma Switch to VOC-Based Non-Chlorinated Products

Product Category VOC Limit[%]

Potential VOC Emissions[tons/day]

Brake Cleaners 45 2.00

Carburetor Cleaners 45 0.14

Engine Degreasers 35 0.04

General Purpose Degreasers 50 0.16

Total (approx.) 2.3

ARB staff expects, however, that some users of chlorinated automotive consumerproducts will choose to consider other non-chlorinated alternatives (such as aqueous-basedportable brake cleaning units and parts washers) and not switch exclusively to non-chlorinatedVOC products. If this occurs, the increase in VOC emissions related to the proposed ATCMwould be less than 2.3 tpd statewide. When total VOC emission reductions from both theOctober 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation and the proposed ATCM areconsidered, statewide VOC emissions from the four automotive consumer products categoriesare reduced by at least one ton per day. These reductions are summarized in Table X-3.

Table X-3. Approximate Emission Reductions from Proposed ATCMand October 1999 Consumer Products Amendments1

Chlorinated TAC Reductions[tons/day]

VOC Reductions[tons/day]

5.2 1.0

1. Total combined emission reductions from the October 1999 Consumer ProductsAmendments and the proposed ATCM.

2. Impacts on the State Implementation Plan for Ozone

The Federal Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 require an ozone attainment plan fromevery state unable to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. California’s1994 State Implementation Plan (SIP) for ozone fulfills this requirement (ARB, 1994). State lawprovides the legal authority to ARB to develop regulations affecting a variety of mobile sources,fuels, and consumer products. The regulations that have already been adopted, and measuresproposed for adoption constitute the ARB’s portion of the SIP. The SIP serves as a road map toguide California to attain and maintain the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. The

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SIP was submitted to the U.S. EPA on November 15, 1994, and the consumer products elementwas formally approved on August 21, 1995.

As previously mentioned, the proposed ATCM decreases the potential VOC reductionsthat will be obtained by the October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulationwhile achieving substantial reductions in emissions of chlorinated TACs. Perc was considered aVOC in the 1994 ozone SIP inventory; therefore, substituting non-chlorinated VOC-basedproducts to replace Perc will have no impact on the 1994 SIP (which covers Ventura County, theSacramento Metropolitan area, the San Joaquin Valley, San Diego County, and the SoutheastDesert). In the context of the 1994 SIP, substituting VOC-based products for MeCl will increaseVOC emissions by approximately 0.1 tpd in all the 1994 SIP areas combined.

The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) revised their federalozone plan in 1999, and the U.S. EPA has proposed to approve this plan. In the 1999 revision,Perc is not considered a VOC. In the context of the 1999 revision, if VOC-based products aresubstituted for all the Perc and MeCl currently used in chlorinated products, we expect anincrease of approximately one ton per day of VOC in the South Coast Air Basin. The ARB andthe SCAQMD will address this shortfall in the next comprehensive revision of the South Coastozone SIP.

3. Potential Environmental Impacts on Global Warming and Stratospheric OzoneDepletion

Greenhouse gases, which alter the amount of heat, or infrared radiation, that can escapethe Earth’s surface, have been linked to a gradual warming of the Earth’s surface and loweratmosphere. While carbon dioxide (CO2) has been the traditional focus of greenhouse gasconcerns, other greenhouse gases include methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons(U.S. EPA, 1998a). In the United States, the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions is fromfossil fuel combustion, which accounted for approximately 81 percent of greenhouse gasemissions in 1996 (U.S. EPA, 1998a).

Carbon dioxide is used as a propellant in both chlorinated and non-chlorinated aerosolautomotive consumer products. Based on data from the 1997 Consumer and CommercialProducts Survey, non-chlorinated products typically contain a greater amount of carbon dioxidethan their chlorinated counterparts. Since the proposed ATCM does not require a reduction ofthe amount of aerosol products sold, many users of chlorinated products may switch tonon-chlorinated products thereby increasing the amount of carbon dioxide released. However,the use of carbon dioxide as a propellant in automotive consumer products typically results froma recycled by-product of existing processes and, therefore, does not contribute to global warming(ARB, 1995a). Additionally, non-chlorinated aerosols account for nearly 62 percent of themarket. As a result, the proposed ATCM is expected to have a negligible impact on globalwarming.

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4. South Coast Air Quality Management District Air Toxics Control Plan

The South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD) is currently inthe process of developing a comprehensive control plan designed to obtain significant reductionof toxic emissions in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The plan will address current air toxiclevels, control strategies, and projected future air toxic emission levels. The removal of Perc,MeCl, and TCE from automotive consumer products will greatly assist the efforts of the SouthCoast AQMD in their efforts to reduce toxic emissions. It is expected that the proposed ATCMwill reduce toxic emissions in the SCAB by approximately 2.6 tpd. Additionally, combined withthe October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation, VOC emissions should bereduced by almost 0.5 tpd.

5. Workplace Exposure

The California Department of Industrial Relations-Division of Occupational Safety andHealth Administration (Cal/OSHA) regulates the concentration of many TACs and VOCs in theworkplace environment. To protect worker safety, Cal/OSHA has established a permissibleexposure limit (PEL) for many of these compounds (the PEL is the maximum, eight-hour,time-weighted average concentration for occupational exposure). The combined effect of boththe proposed ATCM and the October 1999 amendments to the Consumer Products Regulation isa reduction in VOC emissions. As a result, an increase in workplace exposure from TACemissions and VOC emissions is not expected.

E. Formation of Phosgene

Phosgene is a toxic, colorless, gas or volatile liquid with a suffocating odor that is similarto decaying fruit or moldy hay. It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in benzene,toluene, glacial acetic acid, chloroform, and most liquid hydrocarbons. Phosgene isnoncombustible but can decompose into hydrochloric acid (HCl) and CO2 when wetted. As aresult, wet phosgene is corrosive and poses an additional hazard from pressure buildup in closedcontainers. The density of phosgene is more than three times that of air, which means that itsconcentrated emission plumes tend to settle to the ground and collect in low areas (ARB, 1997b). Phosgene is listed as a TAC and a federal HAP.

Phosgene, also known as carbonyl chloride, is not a normal component of welding gases,can be formed by the thermal decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g., Perc, TCE, andTCA) when welding is carried out in the presence of solvent vapors. These solvent vapors maybe escaping from a nearby degreasing tank, a recently expelled aerosol product, or when solventis left behind after degreasing (NOHSC, 1999a). Phosgene formation is promoted by ultravioletradiation, hot metal surfaces, flame, and cigarette smoking (NOHSC, 1999a). The gas-shieldedarc welding processes and plasma processes provide greater ultraviolet light intensity than theflux-shielded arc welding processes. Additionally, heat and ultraviolet radiation from thewelding arc may react with solvent vapor to produce irritant gases such as acetylchloride and

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acetylchloride derivatives such as dichloroacetylchloride. There is also evidence of phosgeneformation from the photooxidation of chloroethylenes in air such as Perc and TCE(U.S. EPA, 1985).

Acute non-cancer affects are of the most concern. Phosgene is extremely irritating to thelungs, and can cause severe respiratory effects, including pulmonary edema. Symptoms of acuteexposure include choking, chest constriction, coughing, painful breathing, and bloody sputum. Acute phosgene poisoning may affect the heart, brain, and blood. Symptoms may be delayed upto 24 hours after exposure. Chronic inhalation exposure has been shown to result in sometolerance to acute effects noted in humans, but irreversible emphysema and pulmonary fibrosismay occur (ARB, 1997b). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)lists a recommended exposure limit of 0.1 parts per million for phosgene. The U.S. OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) also lists a PEL of 0.1 parts per million(NIOSH, 1994).

Recognizing these health and safety concerns, both OSHA and Cal/OSHA have takensteps to limit worker exposure to phosgene. OSHA Regulations state that degreasing andcleaning operations that involve chlorinated hydrocarbons shall be located so that vapors fromthese operations will not reach or be drawn into the area that surrounds any welding operation(Standards-29 CFR, General requirements, Section 1910.252). In addition, compounds such asPerc and TCE should be kept out of areas penetrated by ultraviolet radiation of gas-shieldedwelding operations. Cal/OSHA regulations for electric welding state that chlorinated solventsshall not be used within 200 feet (61 meters) of the exposed arc. Furthermore, surfaces preparedwith chlorinated solvents should be thoroughly dry before welding is performed on them(California Code of Regulations, Subchapter 7, Group 11, Article 90, Section 4853).

The removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE from automotive consumer products in theproposed ATCM will minimize the potential for phosgene formation in the presence of flame orheat sources thereby extending a greater level of worker and public health protection and safety.

F. Potential Flammability of Products that Contain VOCs

The June 1997 Status Report, based on the limited data available at the time, consideredthe flammability of many non-chlorinated aerosols to be a disadvantage when compared tochlorinated aerosols which are typically non-flammable (ARB, 1997a). Industry groupsrepresenting product manufacturers have also underscored this concern stating their belief thatAMR facilities need to continue their usage of the more toxic chlorinated aerosols, especially inareas where use may occur near flame, heat, or other ignition sources. Since the release of theStatus Report, however, more data regarding flammability has become available. A search ofstatewide and national databases as well as inquiries to fire departments and associations acrossthe state were unable to locate any reports of fires, injuries, or other incidents related to the use ofnon-chlorinated products in AMR facilities. Additionally, the California State Fire Marshal’s

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office indicated that the combustion of gasoline, such as from a leaking fuel line, poses asignificantly greater flammability concern than the use of aerosols.

During the 137 site visits, ARB staff observed brake service operations at one facilityusing a flammable, non-chlorinated aerosol product occurring in one service bay and weldingoperations occurring in another service bay. ARB staff also observed chlorinated products thatwere listed as flammable on the product label, which indicates that chlorinated products can alsobe flammable.

Sixteen additional site visits were conducted to specifically investigate flammabilityissues. Of these facilities, all 16 used flammable products (non-chlorinated and chlorinated) butonly 14 had an ignition source. The types of ignition sources observed included: welding (e.g.arc) equipment, torch (e.g. acetylene) equipment, cigarettes, and space heaters (natural gas andpropane, portable, and overhead). Usage of flammable products occurred from approximately20 to 30 feet from the ignition source with most usage occurring in adjacent service bays. Onlyone facility reported an incident (non-injury) associated with the use of a flammable product. This facility, however, attributed the incident to a vehicle malfunction and continues to useflammable products almost exclusively. Additionally, none of the facilities visited indicated thatflammability concerns were a factor when making decisions on which products to buy (cost wasthe major factor). Instead, discussions with facility operators indicated that most facilitiesconsider all aerosol products flammable and use common safety precautions when using theseproducts Therefore, flammability is sufficiently addressed by the use of good operating practiceson the part of facility owners, mechanics, and technicians. This belief is supported by the factthat most facilities already use a host of flammable products and that non-flammable alternativessuch as aqueous-based portable brake cleaning units and water-based aerosol products are readilyavailable and in use.

G. Reasonably Foreseeable Feasible Mitigation Measures

As previously discussed, ARB is required to do an analysis of reasonably foreseeablefeasible mitigation measures. ARB staff has concluded that no significant adverse environmentalimpacts should occur from implementation of the proposed ATCM. As a result, no mitigationmeasures would be necessary.

H. Reasonably Foreseeable Alternative Means of Compliance with the ATCM

The ARB is required to do an analysis of reasonably foreseeable alternative means ofcompliance with the ATCM. Alternatives to the proposed ATCM are discussed in Chapter VII. Based on the discussion in Chapter VII, ARB staff has concluded that the removal of MeCl andTCE from automotive consumer products is appropriate and necessary because of the potentialincreased use and, therefore, potential increased risk if the use of these two compounds was notso limited. For the same reasons, staff has concluded that the removal of Perc, MeCl, and TCE

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from carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general purpose degreasers, as well as frombrake cleaners, is appropriate and necessary.

XI-1

XI. REFERENCES

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ARB, 1989. Technical Support Document, Proposed Identification of Methylene Chloride as aToxic Air Contaminant, Part B Report, California Air Resources Board, May 1989.

ARB, 1990a. Staff Report/Executive Summary, and Part B, Proposed Identification ofTrichloroethylene as a Toxic Air Contaminant, California Air Resources Board, August 1990.

ARB, 1990b. Proposed Regulation to Reduce Volatile Organic Compound Emissions fromConsumer Products, California Air Resources Board, Technical Support Document,August 1990.

ARB, 1991a. Initial Statement of Reasons for Rulemaking, Staff Report/Executive Summary,and Part B, Proposed Identification of Perchloroethylene as a Toxic Air Contaminant, CaliforniaAir Resources Board, August 1991.

ARB, 1991b. Proposed Amendments to the Statewide Regulation to Reduce Volatile OrganicCompound Emissions from Consumer Products - Phase II, Technical Support Document,California Air Resources Board, October 1991.

ARB, 1993a. Technical Support Document: Proposed Airborne Toxic Control MeasureAnd Proposed Environmental Training Program for Perchloroethylene Dry CleaningOperations, California Air Resources Board, August 1993.

ARB, 1993b. The Identification of Federal Hazardous Air Pollutants as Toxic Air Contaminants,California Air Resources Board, June 1993.

ARB, 1994. The California State Implementation Plan for Ozone, Volume II, California AirResources Board, November 15, 1994.

ARB, 1995. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Amendments to the CaliforniaRegulations for Reducing Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Antiperspirants andDeodorants, Consumer Products and Aerosol Coatings, California Air Resources Board,August 11, 1995.

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ARB, 1996a. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Amendments to the CaliforniaRegulations for Reducing Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Consumer Products andAerosol Coating Products, California Air Resources Board, October 4, 1996.

ARB, 1996b. Curriculum for the Environmental Training Program for PerchloroethyleneDry Cleaning Operations, California Air Resources Board, August 1996.

ARB, 1997a. Perchloroethylene Need Assessment for Automotive Consumer Products: StatusReport, California Air Resources Board, June 1997.

ARB, 1997b. Toxic Air Contaminant Identification List - Summaries, California Air ResourcesBoard, September 1997.

ARB, 1997c. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Amendments to the CaliforniaConsumer Products Regulation, Volume II, California Air Resources Board, June 6, 1997.

ARB, 1997d. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Amendments Pertaining to Hairspray inthe California Consumer Products Regulation, Volume II, California Air Resources Board,February 7, 1997.

ARB, 1997e. Emission Inventory Criteria and Guidelines for the Air Toxics “Hot Spots”Program, California Air Resources Board, May 15, 1997.

ARB, 1998. ARB Memo from Dilip Patel to Mark Carlock on County and SubcountyPopulation Distributions for Calendar Years 1995 and 1996, May 28, 1998.

ARB, 1999a. Data retrieved from CEIDARS (California Emission Inventory Development andReporting System), Data from data base year 1998, Technical Support Division, SpecialPollutants Emission Inventory Section, Run date: October 20, 1999.

ARB, 1999b. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Amendments to the CaliforniaConsumer Products Regulation, California Air Resources Board, September 10, 1999.

BAR, 1997. Telephone conversation with Rob Oglesby, California Department ofConsumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive Repair, and Tina Najjar on March 13, 1997.

BOE, 1997a. Fax received March 5, 1997 from the Board of Equalization office inSacramento.

BOE, 1997b. Telephone conversation with Wun-Chi Wang, Board of Equalization, andMark Williams on March 5, 1997.

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Brake Pad Partnership Steering Committee, 1999. Telephone conversation with Kelley Moran ofthe Brake Pad Partnership Steering Committee and Mark Williams on January 12, 1999.

Cal/EPA, 1996. Memorandum “Economic Analysis Requirements for the Adoption ofAdministrative Regulations” to Cal/EPA Executive Officers and Directors from Peter M.Rooney, Undersecretary; December 6, 1996 and “Cal/EPA Guidelines for EvaluatingAlternatives to Proposed Major Regulations”, California Environmental Protection Agency.

CAPCOA, 1993. CAPCOA Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program - Revised 1992 Risk AssessmentGuidelines, Toxics Committee of the California Air Pollution Control Officer Association(CAPCOA), October 1993.

Chemical Engineering, Publication of Chemical Week Associates, November 1999.

Chemical Market Reporter, Schnell Publishing Company, November 29, 1999.

CRC, 1998. Workshop presentation by Richard Miller of CRC, March 17, 1998.

CSDLA, 1999a. Correspondence on June 29, 1999, from County Sanitation Districts of LosAngeles County to South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) regarding possiblewater quality impacts from SCAQMD aqueous cleaning rules.

CSDLA, 1999b. Correspondence on September 20, 1999, from County Sanitation Districts ofLos Angeles County to California Air Resources Board regarding Perc in Consumer EngineDegreasing Products.

DTSC, 1999a. “Switching to Water-Based Cleaners in Repair and Maintenance Parts Cleaning”,Prepared by: Institute for Research and Technical Assistance’s Pollution Prevention Center. California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Office of Pollution Prevention andTechnology Development. February 1999.

Federal-Mogul, 1999. Telephone conversation with Rick Kroeger of Federal-Mogul (Wagner)and Mark Williams on November 15, 1999.

IRTA, 1999. “Brake Cleaning in Auto Repair Facilities: The Conversion to Water,” prepared byMike Morris and Katy Wolf of the Institute for Research and Technical Assistance (IRTA) forthe United States Environmental Protection Agency, September 1999.

MarketScope, 1996. “1996 Brake Repair Study”, prepared by MarketScope for Brake and FrontEnd Magazine, May 1996.

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NIOSH, 1994. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, publication no. 94-116,June 1994.

NOHSC, 1999a. Gases, National Occupational Health & Safety Commission, Commonwealthof Australia, Internet site: http://www.nohsc.gov.au/publications/fulltext/docs/h6/946.htm,November 17, 1999.

Norton, 1993. “Usage of Chemical Brake Cleaners in Automotive Repair Facilities”, John Norton, School of Business Administration, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA,November 8, 1993.

OEHHA, 1997. Telephone conversation with Melanie Marty, Manager, Air Risk AssessmentUnit, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, and Greg Harris on May 1, 1997.

OEHHA, 1999a. Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part I, TheDetermination of Acute Reference Exposure Levels for Airborne Toxicants, Office ofEnvironmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), March 1999.

OEHHA, 1999b. Air Toxic Hot Spots Program Risk Assessment Guidelines, Part II, TechnicalSupport Document for Describing Available Cancer Potency Factors, Office of EnvironmentalHealth Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), April 1999.

OEHHA, 1999c. State of California, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of EnvironmentalHealth Hazard Assessment, Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, ChemicalKnown To The State To Cause Cancer And Reproductive Toxicity, Office of EnvironmentalHealth Hazard Assessment, August 1999.

Peters and Timmerhaus, 1980. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 3rd edition,McGraw-Hill Book Company, Peters, Max S. and Klaus D. Timmerhaus, 1980, pp.160-162.

Raybestos, 1999. Telephone conversation with Wally Marciniak, Brake Service Subsidiary ofRaybestos, and Mark Williams on August 19, 1999.

U.S. Economic Census, 1992. Government Information Sharing Project, InformationServices, Oregon State University, Internet Site: http://govinfo.kerr.orst.edu/, March 5, 1997.

U.S. EPA, 1985. Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Phosgene, EPA-450/4-84-007i, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), September 1985.

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U.S. EPA, 1994a. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: HalogenatedSolvent Cleaning, 40 CFR Parts 9 and 63, EPA-453/R-94-071, United States EnvironmentalProtection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Federal Register:December 2, 1994.

U.S. EPA, 1995a. ISCST3 Model User’s Guide, EPA-454/B-95-003a, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,September 1995.

U.S. EPA, 1995b. SCREEN3 Model User’s Guide, EPA-454/B-95-004, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,September 1995.

U.S. EPA. 1995c, Guidance for Risk Characterization, United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (U.S. EPA) Science Policy Council. February 1995.

U.S. EPA, 1998a. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1996,EPA 236-R-98-006, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), March 1998.

Appendix A

Proposed Regulation OrderAirborne Toxic Control Measure


A-1

PROPOSED REGULATION ORDERAIRBORNE TOXIC CONTROL MEASURE

FOR EMISSIONS OF CHLORINATED TOXIC AIR CONTAMINANTSFROM AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ACTIVITIES

Adopt new section 93111, title 17, California Code of Regulations, to read as follows:

17 CCR, section 93111. Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminants Airborne Toxic ControlMeasure--Automotive Maintenance and Repair Activities.

(a) Applicability

(1) Except as provided in subdivision (b), this section applies to any person who sells,supplies, offers for sale, or manufactures automotive consumer products for use inautomotive maintenance or repair activities in California.

(2) This section also applies to the owner or operator of any automotive maintenance facilityor automotive repair facility that uses automotive consumer products in California.

(b) Exemptions

(1) This section does not apply to any automotive consumer product manufactured inCalifornia for shipment and use outside of California.

(2) This section does not apply to a manufacturer or distributor who sells, supplies or offersfor sale in California an automotive consumer product that does not comply with thestandards specified in subdivision (d) if the manufacturer or distributor can demonstrateto the satisfaction of the Executive Officer both of the following: (A) the automotiveconsumer product is intended for shipment and use outside of California, and (B) themanufacturer or distributor has taken reasonable prudent precautions to assure that theautomotive consumer product is not sold, offered for sale, or distributed in California. This subdivision (2) does not apply to manufacturers or distributors of automotiveconsumer products if the products are sold, supplied, or offered for sale by any person toretail outlets in California.

(c) Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) “Aerosol Product” means a pressurized spray system that dispenses product ingredientsby means of a propellant or mechanically induced force. Any user-pressurized systemthat uses compressed air as a propellant is considered to be an “Aerosol Product”. “Aerosol Product” does not include pump sprayers.

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(2) “ASTM” means the American Society for Testing and Materials.

(3) “Automotive Consumer Product” for the purposes of this section, means any of thefollowing chemically formulated aerosol products or liquid products used in automotivemaintenance or repair activities: (A) brake cleaners, (B) carburetor or fuel-injection airintake cleaners, (C) engine degreasers, and (D) general purpose degreasers intended foruse in automotive maintenance or repair activities.

(4) “Automotive Maintenance Facility or Automotive Repair Facility (Facility)” means anyestablishment at which a person repairs, rebuilds, reconditions, services, or maintains inany way, motor vehicles. “Facility” includes entities required to be registered by theCalifornia Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive Repair, and entitiesthat service or repair a fleet of ten or more motor vehicles. “Facility” does not includeprivate residences or entities that are involved only in motor vehicle body work orpainting.

(5) “Automotive Maintenance or Repair Activities” means any service, repair, restoration, ormodification activity to a motor vehicle in which cleaning or degreasing products couldbe used including, but not limited to, brake work, engine work, machining operations, andgeneral degreasing of engines, motor vehicles, parts, or tools.

(6) “Brake Cleaner” means a cleaning product designed, labeled, promoted or advertised(expressed or implied) to remove oil, grease, brake fluid, brake pad material or dirt frommotor vehicle brake mechanisms and parts.

(7) “Carburetor or Fuel-Injection Air Intake Cleaner” means a product designed, labeled,promoted or advertised (expressed or implied) to remove fuel deposits, dirt, or othercontaminants from a carburetor, choke, throttle body of a fuel-injection system, orassociated linkages. “Carburetor or fuel-injection air intake cleaner” does not includeproducts designed exclusively to be introduced directly into the fuel lines or fuel storagetank prior to introduction into the carburetor or fuel injectors.

(8) “CAS Registry Number” is a unique accession number assigned by the ChemicalAbstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society.

(9) “Chlorinated Toxic Air Contaminant” for the purposes of this section, means methylenechloride, perchloroethylene, or trichloroethylene.

(10) “Consumer” means any person who seeks, purchases, or acquires any automotiveconsumer product for use in automotive maintenance and repair activities. Personsacquiring an automotive consumer product for resale are not “consumers” for thatproduct.

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(11) “Distributor” means any person to whom an automotive consumer product is sold orsupplied for the purposes of resale or distribution in commerce, except thatmanufacturers, retailers, and consumers are not distributors.

(12) “Engine Degreaser” means a cleaning product designed, labeled, promoted or advertised(expressed or implied) to remove grease, grime, oil or other contaminants from theexternal surfaces of engines and other mechanical parts.

(13) “Executive Officer” means the Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board,or his or her delegate.

(14) “General Purpose Cleaner” means a product designed for general all-purpose cleaning, incontrast to cleaning products designed to clean specific substrates in certain situations. “General Purpose Cleaner” includes products designed for general floor cleaning, kitchenor counter top cleaning, and cleaners designed to be used on a variety of hard surfaces.

(15) “General Purpose Degreaser” means any product designed, labeled, promoted oradvertised (expressed or implied) to remove or dissolve grease, grime, oil and otheroil-based contaminants from a variety of motor vehicle substrates or surfaces ormiscellaneous metallic parts. “General Purpose Degreaser” does not include “EngineDegreaser”or “General Purpose Cleaner”.

(16) “Liquid” means a substance or mixture of substances which is capable of a visuallydetectable flow as determined under ASTM D-4359-90 which is incorporated byreference. “Liquid” does not include powders or other materials that are composedentirely of solid particles.

(17) “Liquid Product” means any product that is packaged and sold as a bulk liquid includingliquid delivered by pump sprayers.

(18) “Manufacturer” means any person who imports, manufactures, assembles, produces,packages, repackages, or relabels an automotive consumer product.

(19) “Methylene Chloride” (CAS Registry Number 75-09-2) means the compound with thechemical formula 'CH2Cl2', also known by the name ‘dichloromethane’, which has beenidentified by the Air Resources Board and listed as a toxic air contaminant insection 93000, and which is a hazardous air pollutant designated as a toxic aircontaminant in section 93001.

(20) “Motor Vehicle” means a self-propelled device by which any person or property may bepropelled, moved, or drawn upon a highway, excepting a device moved exclusively byhuman power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. "Motor vehicle" doesnot include a self-propelled wheelchair, invalid tricycle, or motorized quadricycle when

A-4

operated by a person who, by reason of physical disability, is otherwise unable to moveabout as a pedestrian.

(21) “Owner or Operator” means a person who is the owner or the operator of an automotivemaintenance facility or an automotive repair facility.

(22) “Perchloroethylene (Perc)” (CAS Registry Number 127-18-4) means the compound withthe chemical formula 'C2Cl4', also known by the name ‘tetrachloroethylene’, which hasbeen identified by the Air Resources Board and listed as a toxic air contaminant insection 93000, and which is a hazardous air pollutant designated as a toxic aircontaminant in section 93001.

(23) “Person” means “person” as defined in Health and Safety Code section 39047.

(24) “Pump Sprayer” means a packaging system in which the product ingredients within thecontainer are not under pressure and in which the product is expelled only while apumping action is applied to a button, trigger or other actuator.

(25) “Retailer” means any person who sells, supplies, or offers for sale automotive consumerproducts directly to consumers.

(26) “Retail Outlet” means any establishment at which automotive consumer products aresold, supplied, or offered for sale directly to consumers.

(27) “Trichloroethylene” (CAS Registry Number 79-01-6) means the compound with thechemical formula 'C2HCl3', also known by the name ‘TCE’, which has been identified bythe Air Resources Board and listed as a toxic air contaminant in section 93000, and whichis a hazardous air pollutant designated as a toxic air contaminant in section 93001.

(d) Standards for Automotive Consumer Products

(1) Except as provided in subdivision (b), subdivision (e) and subdivision (g), after theeffective dates specified in the following Table of Standards no person shall sell, supply,offer for sale, or manufacture for sale in California any automotive consumer productthat, at the time of sale or manufacture, contains methylene chloride, perchloroethylene ortrichloroethylene.

A-5

Table of Standards

Product Category Effective Date

Brake Cleaner December 31, 2002

Carburetor or December 31, 2002Fuel-injection Air Intake Cleaners

Engine Degreaser December 31, 2002

General Purpose Degreaser December 31, 2002

(2) For the purposes of subdivision (d)(1), a product “contains methylene chloride,perchloroethylene or trichloroethylene” if the product contains 1.0 percent or more byweight (exclusive of the container or packaging) of any one of the compounds methylenechloride, perchloroethylene, or trichloroethylene as determined by the test methodspecified in subdivision (h).

(3) No owner or operator of an automotive maintenance facility or automotive repair facilityshall use an automotive consumer product prohibited under subdivision (d)(1) afterJune 30, 2005.

(e) Sell-through of products

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivisions (d)(1) and (d)(2), an automotiveconsumer product manufactured prior to the effective date specified for that productcategory in the Table of Standards may be sold, supplied, or offered for sale for up to18 months after the specified effective date.

(2) This subdivision (e) does not apply to any automotive consumer product if that productdoes not display, on the product container or package, the date on which the product wasmanufactured or a code indicating such date.

(f) Administrative Requirements - Code-Dating

(1) Each manufacturer of an automotive consumer product subject to this section shall clearlydisplay on each automotive consumer product container or package, the day, month, andyear on which the product was manufactured, or a code indicating the day, month, andyear of manufacture. This date or code-date shall be displayed on each automotiveconsumer product container or package manufactured on or after the date no later thantwelve months prior to the effective date of the applicable standard specified insubsection (d). No person shall erase, alter, deface or otherwise remove or make illegible

A-6

any date or code-date from any regulated product container or package without theexpress authorization of the manufacturer.

(2) If a manufacturer uses a code indicating the date of manufacture for any automotiveconsumer product subject to this section, the manufacturer shall file an explanation of thecode with the Executive Officer of the ARB no later than twelve months prior to theeffective date of the applicable standard specified in subdivision (d).

(g) Variances

(1) Applications for variances. Any person who cannot comply with the requirements setforth in subdivision (d) because of extraordinary reasons beyond the person’s reasonablecontrol may apply in writing to the Executive Officer for a variance. The varianceapplication shall set forth:

(A) the specific grounds upon which the variance is sought;

(B) the proposed date(s) by which compliance with the provisions of subdivision (d)will be achieved; and

(C) a compliance report reasonably detailing the method(s) by which compliance willbe achieved.

(2) Notices and public hearings for variances. Upon receipt of a variance applicationcontaining the information required in subdivision (g)(1), the Executive Officer will holda public hearing to determine whether, under what conditions, and to what extent, avariance from the requirements in subdivision (d) is necessary and will be permitted. TheExecutive Officer will initiate a hearing no later than 75 days after receipt of a varianceapplication. The Executive Officer will send notice of the time and place of the hearingto the applicant by certified mail not less than 30 days prior to the hearing. The ExecutiveOfficer will submit notice of the hearing for publication in the California RegulatoryNotice Register, and not less than 30 days prior to the hearing, the Executive Officer willsend a notice to every person who requests such notice. The notice will state that theparties may, but need not, be represented by counsel at the hearing. At least 30 days priorto the hearing, the Executive Officer will make the variance application available to thepublic for inspection. The Executive Officer will allow interested members of the publica reasonable opportunity to testify at the hearing and will consider their testimony.

(3) Treatment of confidential information. Information submitted to the Executive Officer bya variance applicant may be claimed as confidential, and such information will behandled in accordance with the procedures specified in sections 91000-91022. TheExecutive Officer may consider such confidential information in reaching a decision on avariance application.

A-7

(4) Necessary findings for granting variances. The Executive Officer will not grant avariance unless the Executive Officer finds that:

(A) because of reasons beyond the reasonable control of the applicant, requiringcompliance with subdivision (d) would result in extraordinary economic hardshipto the applicant; and

(B) the public interest in mitigating the extraordinary hardship to the applicant byissuing the variance outweighs the public interest in avoiding any increasedemissions of toxic air contaminants that would result from issuing the variance;and

(C) the compliance report proposed by the applicant can reasonably be implementedand will achieve compliance as expeditiously as possible.

(5) Variance orders. Any variance order will specify a final compliance date by which therequirements of subdivision (d) will be achieved. Any variance order will contain acondition that specifies increments of progress necessary to assure timely compliance,and such other conditions that the Executive Officer, in consideration of the testimonyreceived at the hearing, finds necessary to carry out the purposes of Division 26 of theHealth and Safety Code.

(6) Situations in which variances will cease to be effective. A variance will cease to beeffective upon failure of the party to whom the variance was granted to comply with anyterm or condition of the variance.

(7) Modification and revocation of variances. Upon the application of any person, theExecutive Officer may review, and for good cause, modify or revoke a variance fromrequirements of subdivision (d) after holding a public hearing in accordance with theprovisions of subdivision (g)(2).

(h) Test Methods

(1) Air Resources Board Method 310, Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)in Consumer Products, adopted September 25, 1997, and as last amended onNovember 16, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference. Sections 3.5 and 3.7 will beused to perform the testing to determine compliance with the requirements of this section.

(2) References to “VOC” in Method 310 mean “chlorinated toxic air contaminants” whenMethod 310 is used to determine compliance with this section.

(3) Alternative methods which are shown to accurately determine the concentration ofmethylene chloride, perchloroethylene, or trichloroethylene in a subject product or itsemissions may be used upon written approval of the Executive Officer.

A-8

Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 39650, 39655, 39656, 39658, 39659, 39665, and 39666, Health and Safety Code.

Reference: Sections 39002, 39600, 39650, 39655, 39656, 39658, 39659, 39665, 39666, and40000, Health and Safety Code.

Appendix B

Surveys

B-1

Survey 1. Brake Cleaner and Perc-Containing Automotive Products Survey

B-2

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THEBRAKE CLEANER AND PERC-CONTAINING AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS SURVEY

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

C Please type or print legibly in ink when filling out the survey form.C Please review the instructions and the survey form prior to filling out the form.C We suggest that you make extra copies of the form.C If you have any questions on the survey or the information we have requested, please

contact Mark Williams of the Air Resources Board (ARB) staff at (916) 327-5633.C In order to get accurate data from this survey, we would appreciate it if you would consult

your actual sales records for determining California sales.C In filling out the survey form if you encounter any questions which do not apply in your

situation, please enter “N/A” in the appropriate blanks. C If you wish to clarify the information supplied by your company or would like to make

additional comments, please use Section V to enter your comments. In clarifying theinformation your company has supplied, please refer to the appropriate table, column, androw or product name.

SECTION I. COMPANY INFORMATION

Company Name: Enter the entire company name.

Division Name: If the respondent to the survey is representing a division of thecompany please enter the division name. If the respondent to thesurvey is representing several divisions being reported under onecompany, please enter the additional division names in Section IV:Other Information at the end of the survey.

Contact Person: Enter the name of the person to be contacted by the ARB ifclarifications are needed.

Address: Enter the mailing address of the company or division responsible forcompleting the survey.

Manufacturer/Distributor:

Check the corresponding box to indicate whether you are amanufacturer or a distributor or both.

Phone/FaxNumber:

Enter the phone and fax numbers of the contact person.

ConfidentialInformation:

If you would like us to treat this information and data in a confidentialmanner, please check the box at the bottom of Section I.

E-mail Address: Enter the E-mail address of the contact person, if available.

B-3

SECTION II. BRAKE CLEANER PRODUCT INFORMATION

Column Instructions

C 1, 8: List all of the products that your company either makes, formulates, fills foranother company, or distributes. After having listed all the applicable products incolumn 1 of Section II., copy the product names in column 8 of the continuationsection (Section II.) at the foot of the page. Be sure to list them in the same order.

C 2: For those products which you either fill for another company, or distribute, pleaselist the manufacturer’s name in Section V, Other Comments.

C 3: Enter the product form as either (A)erosol, (L)iquid, (P)ump spray, (G)el, (S)olid,or (O)ther. If the product falls into the “Other” category, please specify the formin Section V, Other Comments.

C 4: What is the weight (ounces) of the product in the container or dispenser? If theproduct comes in more than one size, list the different sizes as separate entries. Itis permissible to report the product size in fluid ounces or gallons, but we requestthat you enter either the product density in grams per milliliter (g/ml) or itsspecific gravity (see Section III.).

C 5-7: What is the number of units of product sold or distributed in California (column 5)? If there are multiple sizes, list the number of units sold or distributedfor each size. We are also interested in who the end users are. What percentageof the units are sold for industrial use in shops which do automotive brake repairand servicing (column 6)? What percentage of the units are sold through a retailstore for individual or home use (column 7)?

C 9: Write in the percentage of Perc by weight contained in the product. If this is anon-chlorinated product, please list the main ingredients in Section V, OtherComments.

C 10: Does the product meet the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) limit of 50 percentcontent by weight as required by Article 2 of the Consumer Products Regulation?(Title 17, California Code of Regulations, Section 94509)

C 11-13: These columns deal with product reformulation. In column 11, please enterwhether your company intends to reformulate the product by simply answering“yes” or “no”. In column 12 we would like you to enter an estimated date whenthe product will be reformulated, if applicable. This date would be when theproduct is estimated to be sold as a commercial product. If the product is to bereformulated, please enter whether the Perc content will increase as a result of thereformulation along with an estimate of what the new Perc content (percentweight) will be (column 13).

B-4

SECTION III. LIQUID BRAKE CLEANERS

Column Instructions

C 1: Enter any products from Section II. which come in liquid form. These productswould be those where “L” is entered in column 3 of Section II.

C 2: What is the volume (fluid ounces or gallons) of the product in the container ordispenser? If the product comes in more than one size, list the different sizes asseparate entries. Please note that we are asking for the amount of productmeasured by volume, and not by weight as was requested in column 4 of Section II.

C 3: Please enter either the product density in grams per milliliter (g/ml) or its specificgravity.

C 4: After product purchase for industrial or home use, does the product need to bediluted prior to its use or application?

C 5,6: If the producted is diluted, what is the recommended amount of product (column5) for the given amount of diluent (column 6) per the container instructions? Please specify whether the amounts are given in terms of volume or weight andthe units.

C 7: If the product is diluted, what is the recommended diluent per the instructions?

SECTION IV. OTHER AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CONTAINING PERC

Column Instructions

C 1: This column lists other products which could contain Perc.

C 2: Please answer “Yes” or “No” in the blank by each product category whether yourcompany manufactures, formulates, fills, or distributes that type of product. Forthose products which you either fill for another company, or distribute, please listthe manufacturer’s name in Section V, Other Comments.

C 3: If you answered yes in column 2 to any of the product categories, please answerwhether the product(s) contain Perc?

C 4-6: These columns deal with product reformulation. In column 4, please enterwhether your company intends to reformulate the product by simply answering“yes” or “no”. In column 5 we would like you to enter an estimated date when theproduct will be reformulated, if applicable. This date would be when the productis estimated to be sold as a commercial product. If the product is to bereformulated, please enter whether the Perc content will increase as a result of thereformulation along with an estimate of what the new Perc content (percentweight) will be (column 6).

B-5

SECTION V. OTHER COMMENTS

If you wish to clarify the information you have supplied or make additional miscellaneouscomments on the survey, please enter the comments in this box. In clarifying the informationyour company has supplied, please refer to the appropriate table, column and row or productname.

B-6Revised March 26, 1997 SSD/EAB/MDW

BRAKE CLEANER AND PERC-CONTAINING AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS SURVEY(Please use extra sheets if necessary)

SECTION I. COMPANY INFORMATION

COMPANY NAME ADDRESS

DIVISION NAME

CONTACT PERSON CITY STATE ZIP

MANUFACTURER? 9 DISTRIBUTOR? 9 PHONE ( ) FAX ( )

CHECK THE BOX IF THIS INFORMATION IS CONFIDENTIAL? 9 E-MAIL ADDRESS

SECTION II. BRAKE CLEANER PRODUCT INFORMATION (Please see attached instructions)

COLUMN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PRODUCT NAME OWNPRODUCT

LINE?

FORM NET SIZE(Weight in

ounces)

UNITS SOLD INCALIFORNIA

INSTITUTIONAL/INDUSTRIAL

SALES (%)

RETAIL/HOUSEHOLD

SALES (%)

SECTION II. BRAKE CLEANER PRODUCT INFORMATION (Continued)

COLUMN 8 9 10 11 12 13

PRODUCT NAME PERCCONTENT

(Weightpercent)

MEETS50% VOC

LIMIT?

WILL PRODUCTBE

REFORMULATED

ESTIMATEDREFORMULATION

DATE

WILL PERCCONTENT INCREASE

WITHREFORMULATION?


SECTION III. BRAKE CLEANER PRODUCT INFORMATION (For liquids only)

COLUMN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

PRODUCT NAME NET SIZE(Fluid oz.or gallons)

DENSITY(g/ml)/SPECIFICGRAVITY

IS THE PRODUCTDILUTED?

AMOUNT OFPRODUCT

AMOUNT OFDILUENT

TYPE OFDILUENT

SECTION IV. OTHER AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS CONTAINING PERC

COLUMN 1 2 3 4 5 6

PRODUCTCATEGORY

DO YOUMANUFACTURE APRODUCT IN THIS

CATEGORY?

DOES IT CONTAINPERC?

WILL THEPRODUCT BE

REFORMULATED?

ESTIMATEDREFORMULATION

DATE

WILL PERCCONTENT

INCREASE WITHREFORMULATION?

Brake Anti-squealcompounds

Bug and tar removers

Carburetor and chokecleaners

Engine Degreasers

Lubricants (excludingengine oil)

Penetrants

Undercoatings

Upholstery fabriccleaners

SECTION V. OTHER COMMENTS


CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION SUBMITTAL FORM

If you wish to designate any information contained in your survey data as CONFIDENTIALINFORMATION, please provide the data requested below and return it with your completed surveyform.

In accordance with Title 17, California Code of Regulations (CCR), Section 91000 to 91022, andthe California Public Records Act (Government Code Section 6250 et seq.), the information that acompany provides to the Air Resources Board (ARB) may be released (1) to the public upon request,except trade secrets which are not emissions data or other information which is exempt from disclosure orthe disclosure of which is prohibited by law, and (2) to the Federal Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), which protects trade secrets as provided in Section 114(c) of the Clean Air Act and amendmentsthereto (42 USC 7401 et seq.) and in federal regulation, and (3) to other public agencies provided thatthose agencies preserve the protections afforded information which is identified as a trade secret, orotherwise exempt from disclosure by law (Section 39660(e)).

Trade secrets as defined in Government Code Section 6254.7 are not public records and thereforewill not be released to the public. However, the California Public Records Act provides that air pollutionemission data are always public records, even if the data comes within the definition of trade secrets. Onthe other hand, the information used to calculate information is a trade secret.

If any company believes that any of the information it may provide is a trade secret or otherwiseexempt from disclosure under any other provision of law, it must identify the confidential informationas such at the time of submission to the ARB and must provide the name address, and telephonenumber of the individual to be consulted, if the ARB receives a request for disclosure or seeks todisclose the data claimed to be confidential. The ARB may ask the company to provide documentation ofits claim of trade secret or exemption at a later date. Data identified as confidential will not be disclosedunless the ARB determines, in accordance with the above referenced regulations, that the data do notqualify for a legal exemption from disclosure. The regulations establish substantial safeguards before anysuch disclosure.

In accordance with the provisions of Title 17, California Code of Regulations, Section 91000 to91022, and the California Public Records Act (Government Code Sections 6250 et seq.),

Company Name: declares that all theinformation submitted in response to the California Air Resources Board's information request on thebrake cleaner and perc-containing automotive products survey is confidential "trade secret" information,and request that it be protected as such from public disclosure. All inquiries pertaining to theconfidentiality of this information should be directed to the following person:

Date: Mailing Address:

(Signature)

(Printed Name)

(Title)

(Telephone Number)

B-9

Survey 2. Brake/Automotive Repair Shop Survey

B-10Last updated: December 23, 1997

BRAKE/AUTOMOTIVE REPAIR SHOP SURVEY

Date:

Facility:

Address:

Cross Street:

Contact: Title:

Phone #:

SHOP DESCRIPTION

The approximate dimensions of the entire shop area, include units (m. or ft.). Interior dimensions includestorage and other areas not partitioned off as separate rooms. Exterior dimensions include all connectingstructures.: Interior Height , Width , Length

Exterior Height , Width , Length

UTM from 1 corner:

Type(s) of ventilation used:

Wall fan G Ceiling or exhaust fan G open doors G other

If fan is used give fan specifications (i.e. CFM, or horsepower & size)

Nominal Dimensions (include units)

Number and ave. size of servicing bays: L W

Number of normally open doors: H W

Number of normally open windows: H W

Number of normally open servicing bay doors: H W

Nearest offsite receptor distance (incl. units):

Business UTM Direction from facility (in degrees)

Residential UTM Direction from facility (in degrees)

Distance from the facility building to the facility fence line


Provide a sketch of the facility, any adjoining structures (for example: if facility is attached to a strip mallor similar), orientation of the nearest receptor, and indicate the direction North):


SHOP DESCRIPTION (continued)

Normal business operating schedule (e.g. M-F 7am-7pm, Sat-Sun 10am-4pm):

How many bays are used for brake services?

Are ventilation practices different between mild and inclement weather? Explain:

OPERATION DESCRIPTION

Number of employees:

Average number of employees in service area each day:

Number of people performing brake services each day:

Number of automotive services performed per week:

Number of automobiles requiring brake work per week:

Number of axles serviced per week:

Amount of time to perform a brake job (1 or 2 axles)

Are there Proposition 65 warnings posted?

Comments:

PRODUCT INFORMATION

Number of different brake cleaning product(s) used:

Has the shop used any other type of brake cleaner? If so, what type of product was used? What was theoutcome? Is there a preference of the type of product used? If an aqueous type product is used, please list shop’s reasons for using product (i.e. product cheaper, etc.) If an aqueous product is used, has drying time been a concern in the brake repairs? (Explain)

If an aerosol product is used, list the reasons or situations why the product is used instead of an aqueousproduct Are the brakes wiped with rags after using the aerosol spray? If yes, how are the rags stored and disposed of? If used, what is the approximate fate of all Perc usage (e.g. 50% air, 40% reclaimed for proper disposal, 9% sewer,

1% storm drain)


1.

PRODUCT INFORMATION (continued)

Ask for a unit of the product(s) used to inspect the label; copy the following information:

Product name:

Manufacturer:

Address: Phone #:

e-mail:

Part Number: UPC Code:

size: (fl oz., wt oz, gal.) Code date:

Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other

Active ingredients:

% Perc:

Usage (application) information:

Does the product require dilution (Y / N)

Dilute of product into of (amount product) (units) (amount diluent) (units)

Apply with (diluent used) (application equipment used, wipe, spray bottle, etc.)

Number of product units used per week by facility

Volume of diluted product used in a week

Number of cans aerosol used per brake job

Is the product used for any other application other than brakes? If so what other applications is it used for

(i.e. general degreasing, etc.):

How often and how much of the product used for other purposes:

(give time frame and amount used)

Did you see a demonstration of the product in use?


2.



Product name:

Manufacturer:

Address: Phone #:

e-mail:




Active ingredients:

% Perc:














3.



Product name:

Manufacturer:

Address: Phone #:

e-mail:




Active ingredients:

% Perc:














General comments/observations:

B-17

Survey 3. Automotive Service Facility Questionaire

B-18

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE FACILITYQUESTIONNAIRE

(Please type or print legibly in ink)

I. LABEL AND CONTACT INFORMATION

The peel-off label on your envelope is designed to speed questionnaire processing. Please cross out any errorsin your facility name or address, print the correct information on the label, and affix it to Section I. where indicated. Ifthe label has been damaged, you may print or type the information requested. Additionally, please enter your phonenumber and a contact person in the space provided.

Affix the ARB label provided on the envelope here.

FACILITY NAME: CONTACT PERSON:

ADDRESS:

CITY: ZIP: PHONE ( )

II. SOLVENT USAGE INFORMATION

Do you use brake cleaners, engine degreasers, carburetor cleaners, or multi-purpose lubricants in your facility?

NO QQ STOP; Ensure Section I. is complete and return the survey package to us in the enclosed envelope.

YES QQ CONTINUE; Proceed to Section III.

III. GENERAL PRODUCT INFORMATION

Indicate the average number of brake jobs your facility performs each week and the amount of product used foreach brake job. For aerosols, usage will be in cans per job; for bulk liquids, usage will be in ounces per job. Alsoindicate whether you use a water-based brake washer for brake parts cleaning (e.g., Safety-Kleen, Ammco, Bird Bath,etc.) The sections below ask more specific questions about the products you use.

Approximately how many brake jobs does your facility perform each week? ___________If aerosol cans are used, approximately how many cans are used per brake job? ___________If bulk liquid brake cleaners are used, approximately how many ounces are used per brake job? ___________

Do you use a water-based brake washer? Yes QQ No QQ

IV. AEROSOL BRAKE CLEANER INFORMATION

C For each aerosol brake cleaning product your facility uses, list the product name,manufacturer (for example: Berryman, CRC, Radiator Specialty Corp., etc.) and productsize (in ounces) as listed on the product label.

C Enter the 12 digit number located at the bottom of the bar code (the numberscircled in the example to the right). Be sure to include the single digits to the leftand right of the bars. If the product label does not have a bar code, please enterthe part number, if available.

B-19

IV. AEROSOL BRAKE CLEANER INFORMATION (continued)

C Estimate how many cans of product the facility uses each week. Your estimate should include all productused, even if the product is used for other purposes such as general purpose cleaning.

PRODUCT NAME MANUFACTURER PRODUCTSIZE (oz.)

12 DIGIT BAR CODE NUMBEROR PART NUMBER

NUMBER OFCANS USED PER

WEEK

V. BULK LIQUID BRAKE CLEANER INFORMATION

Complete this section for bulk liquid brake cleaners. Fill out the information the same way as for Section IV.,but in column 3 - PRODUCT SIZE, list the volume of the product in gallons and in column 5 - AMOUNT USED PERMONTH, list the average amount of product used in gallons per month.

PRODUCT NAME MANUFACTURER PRODUCTSIZE (gal.)


AMOUNT USEDPER MONTH

VI. AEROSOL AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS

Complete this section for engine degreasers, carburetor cleaners, and multi-purpose lubricants used by yourfacility and not listed in Section IV. Fill out the information the same way as for Section IV. Please make additionalcopies of the survey form if more space is needed.

PRODUCT NAME MANUFACTURER PRODUCTSIZE (oz.)


NUMBER OFCANS USED PER

WEEK

Do you wish to be notified of upcoming workshops/meetings? YES QQ NO QQ

Please mail your questionnaire back to us in the enclosed business reply envelope by January 27, 1998. If youhave any questions on the questionnaire or the information we have requested, please contact Mark Williams ofthe Air Resources Board staff at (916) 327-5633.

(12/97)

B-20

Survey 4. Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Facility Flammability Survey

B-21Last updated: November 03, 1999

VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR FACILITY FLAMMABILITY SURVEY

Date:

Facility:

Address:

Contact: Title:

Phone #:

GENERAL INFORMATION

Do any of the employees smoke while performing vehicle maintenance or repair? Yes G No G

Types of ignition sources (flame or heat) within facility:

Welding G Torch G Propane space heater G Lit cigarettes G AC Leak sensor w/ flame G

Fan-forced portable space heater G other

Specific ventilation practices associated with use of ignition (flame or heat) sources: Wall fan G Ceiling or exhaust fan G open doors G other

If an ignition source is present (flame or heat), what is the general proximity of the source towhere automotive consumer products are being used? (feet, next bay, etc.)

Number of different automotive cleaning product(s) used:

Have there been any accidents or incidents related to the use of flammable products? Yes G No G

If yes, state number and explain incident(s):

For the different type of automotive products used in the facility, has product flammability everbeen a factor in choosing one product over another? Yes G No GIf yes, why?:


PRODUCT INFORMATION


1. Product Type:G Brake Cleaner G Carburetor Cleaner G Engine Degreaser G General

Degreaser G Other: Product name: Manufacturer: Part # or UPC code: Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other Listed on label as Flammable? Yes G No GChlorinated? Yes G No GNotes:

2. Product Type:G Brake Cleaner G Carburetor Cleaner G Engine Degreaser G General Degreaser G Other: Product name: Manufacturer: Part # or UPC code: Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other Listed on label as Flammable? Yes G No GChlorinated? Yes G No GNotes:

3. Product Type:G Brake Cleaner G Carburetor Cleaner G Engine Degreaser G General Degreaser

G Other: Product name: Manufacturer: Part # or UPC code: Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other Listed on label as Flammable? Yes G No GChlorinated? Yes G No GNotes:



4. Product Type:G Brake Cleaner G Carburetor Cleaner G Engine Degreaser G General Degreaser

G Other: Product name: Manufacturer: Part # or UPC code: Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other Listed on label as Flammable? Yes G No GChlorinated? Yes G No GNotes:

5. Product Type:G Brake Cleaner G Carburetor Cleaner G Engine Degreaser G General Degreaser G Other: Product name: Manufacturer: Part # or UPC code: Product form: Aerosol G Liquid G Pump Spray G Other Listed on label as Flammable? Yes G No GChlorinated? Yes G No GNotes:

General comments/observations:

Appendix C

Methodology for Estimating the Potential Health Impacts from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities

C-1

Appendix C. Methodology for Estimating the Potential Health Impacts from AutomotiveMaintenance and Repair Facilities

This appendix steps through an example calculation to illustrate the procedures that ARBstaff used to estimate the potential health impacts from Perchloroethylene (Perc), MethyleneChloride (MeCl), and Trichloroethylene (TCE) usage in aerosol brake cleaning products atautomotive maintenance and repair (AMR) facilities. In order to estimate the impacts, productusage information, physical descriptions of the source, and emission release parameters werecollected during site visits. This information is used to estimate the facility’s Perc, MeCl, andTCE emission rates and to model the facility’s emissions using the SCREEN3 and ISCST3 airdispersion models. The modeling results are then used to determine the potential health impacts. The information in this appendix should not be used to compare in any way the SCREEN3 andISCST3 air dispersion models or their results.

ARB staff used the Brake/Automotive Repair Shop survey form in Appendix B to collectthe necessary information to model each facility’s potential health impacts. The more pertinentinformation collected includes the facility’s building dimensions, distance to the nearestresidential and business receptors, the operating schedule of the service area, and informationabout the products and their use in brake cleaning. This example calculation uses data collectedfrom one of the site visits and focuses only on Perc emissions to illustrate the methodology.

A. Chronic and Acute Calculations

The calculation begins with the determination of the facility’s Perc usage and Percemission rate, steps through the modeling inputs, and concludes with the calculation of potentialhealth impacts. For our example, we have selected a minimum receptor distance of 32 metersfrom the center of the volume source (the building) to define a near-source location. For ease ofillustration, we assume that both the maximum exposed individual resident (MEIR) and themaximum exposed individual (offsite) worker (MEIW) occur at this location.

1. Determining a Facility’s Perc Usage

In order to determine a facility’s Perc usage, the following information is needed: theweight percent of Perc in the brake cleaning product, the approximate number of product unitsused per week, and the weight of the product unit itself. Our example facility was using19 ounce cans of aerosol product with a 94 percent Perc content by weight and they reportedusing an average of 624 cans of product each year. The weight percent is obtained either directlyfrom the product label or from the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the product. The Percusage in terms of grams per year is given by Equation 1.

C-2

(1)

It should be noted that MeCl and TCE usage can be calculated by substituting in theircorresponding percent content by weight in place of Perc in Equation 1.

2. Determining the Perc Emission Rate

With the Perc usage calculated, we now estimate the acute and annualized emission ratesin terms of grams per second. These conversions are necessary because they are required inputparameters for the SCREEN3 and ISCST3 models. The acute emission rate is determined bycalculating the emissions from the number of brake jobs that are performed each hour by thefacility. Based on information collected from the site visits, the facilities visited did not performmore than one brake service (job) in any given hour (usually limited by available manpower,tools, and equipment). Our example facility reported that they performed approximately 624brake services per year (12 services per week). Using this information, Equation 2 calculates theacute emission rate.

(2)

The annualized Perc emission rate is determined by dividing the Perc usage calculated byEquation 1 by the facility’s reported operating schedule. Our example facility reported that theirservice area operated 3016 hours per year. Using this information, Equation 3 gives theannualized emission rate uniformly distributed over the operating schedule.

(3)

C-3

3. Air Dispersion Modeling

a. Running the SCREEN3 Air Dispersion Model

Now that we know the facility’s acute and annualized Perc emission rates, physicaldescriptions of the source, and emission release parameters, we can run the SCREEN3 airdispersion model. Table C-1 summarizes the modeling input parameters for this example. Forthe AMR facilities, we assumed that the single-story source release height is one-half of thebuilding height. The initial lateral dimension of volume is assumed to be the shortest side of thebuilding exterior divided by the factor 4.3 and the initial vertical dimension of volume isassumed to be the exterior building height divided by the factor 2.15 (U.S. EPA, 1995a). Theseparticular dimension assumptions were selected to represent a modeling scenario that can begenerally applied to various sized (e.g., rectangular) AMR facilities. Our example facility islocated in an urban area.

Table C-1. SCREEN3 Modeling Input Parameters for Example Facility

Perc Emission Rate (acute) [grams/s] 0.1407

Perc Emission Rate (annualized) [grams/s] 0.0291

Receptor Height [meters]1 0

Source Release Height [meters]2 2.3

Initial Lateral Dimension of Volume (σyo) [meters]3 2.5

Initial Vertical Dimension of Volume (σzo) [meters]4 2.1

Meteorology Option Full (Acute)/Class 4 (Annual)

Land Type (Urban or Rural) Urban

Receptor Distance (from center of source) 32

Operating Schedule [hrs/yr] 30161. Selected by convention as a ground-level receptor.2. One-half of building height (15 feet, 4.6 meters)3. Exterior building width (35 feet, 10.7 meters) divided by factor 4.3 per SCREEN3 User’s Guide4. Exterior building height (15 feet, 2.1 meters) divided by factor 2.15 per SCREEN3 User’s Guide

The SCREEN3 model uses these inputs to estimate the downwind, ground-level,maximum 1-hour concentrations for designated distances from the center of the volume source. The estimated acute maximum 1-hour concentration at 32 meters from the center of the facility is 1463 µg/m3 and the estimated annualized (chronic) 1-hour concentration is 176 µg/m3. It shouldbe noted that the SCREEN3 model must be run twice; once using the acute emission rate andonce using the annualized emission rate.

C-4

Since potential cancer risks and non-cancer chronic health impacts require an assessmentof the annual average concentration of Perc, the U.S. EPA conversion factor of 0.08(U.S. EPA, 1992) is used to estimate the maximum annual average concentration from theannualized maximum 1-hour concentration. In addition, the maximum annual averageconcentration is discounted by the operating schedule for the hours the facility does not emit. The maximum annual average concentration is calculated by using Equation 4.

(4)

Substituting in the example data, Equation 5 gives the maximum annual average concentration of 4.848 µg/m3.

(5)

A summary of the output from the SCREEN3 modeling is shown in Appendix D(Modeling Results). For more information on the SCREEN3 model, please refer to theSCREEN3 model user’s guide (U.S. EPA, 1995).

b. Running the ISCST3 Air Dispersion Model Using Regional-SpecificMeteorology

Where regional-specific meteorology information is available, the ISCST3 air dispersionmodel can be used to provide a more refined analysis of a facility’s emissions. Table C-2summarizes the modeling input parameters for this example using the same example facility andsource characteristic assumptions made for SCREEN3.

With ISCST3, you have the option of using a meteorological data set that represents themeteorology in the region the facility is located in. As a result, SCREEN3 and ISCST3 may notnecessarily yield the same results for a given facility. In order to estimate what the differencewould be, both models would need to be run and compared bearing in mind that each modelstreats the volume source differently. It should be noted that the ISCST3 model must also be runtwice if discrete annual and acute emission rates are being used. While this approach isconvenient with the SCREEN3 model, the ISCST3 model is considerably more resourceintensive and time consuming to execute. Modeling scenarios under ISCST3 can be greatlysimplified if an emission rate of 1 gram per second is used (commonly referred to as an unitemission rate).

C-5

Table C-2. ISCST3 Modeling Input Parameters for Example Facility Using Regional-Specific Meteorology


Perc Emission Rate (annual) [grams/s] 0.0291

Modeled Unit Emission Rate [grams/s] 1.0





Averaging Period Hourly and Annual

Meteorology Representative Regional


Receptor Locations Cartesian Grid Network4


Operating Schedule [hrs/yr] 30161. Selected by convention as a ground-level receptor.2. One-half of building height (15 feet, 4.6 meters)3. Calculated per ISCST3 User’s Guide4. See Appendix D, Section X., Table 2.

With the unit emission rate, the estimated annual and acute unit concentrations are 113µg/m3 and 5027 µg/m3, respectively. Equation 6 is then used to calculate the concentrations forthe discrete emission rate scenarios given in Equations 2 and 3.

(6)

Substituting in the emission rates from Equation 2 and 3, Equations 7 and 8 give themaximum annual concentration of 3.288 µg/m3 and the maximum 1-hour (acute) concentrationof 707 µg/m3.

(7)

C-6

(8)

Since ISCST3 directly calculates the maximum annual and acute concentrations using thefacility’s operating schedule when using regional-specific meteorology, neither the 0.08conversion factor adjustment nor the operating schedule adjustment is required.

c. Running the ISCST3 Air Dispersion Model Using Default Meteorology

If regional-specific meteorological data is not available, the ISCST3 model can berun using default meteorological data. The model inputs are substantially similar to thoserequired for regional meteorological data and are summarized in Table C-3.

Table C-3. ISCST3 Modeling Input Parameters for Example Facility Using Default Meteorology


Perc Emission Rate (annual) [grams/s] 0.0291





Meteorology Default


Receptor Locations Cartesian Grid Network


Operating Schedule [hrs/yr] 30161. Selected by convention as a ground-level receptor.2. One-half of building height (15 feet, 4.6 meters)3. Calculated per ISCST3 User’s Guide

When using default meteorological data, ISCST3 calculates only a maximum 1-hr (acute)

concentration instead of both acute and annual concentrations. Under this scenario, again using aunit emission rate, the estimated acute unit concentration is 7845 µg/m3 at 32 meters from the

C-7

center of the facility. Equation 6 is again used to calculate the concentrations for the acuteemission rate given in Equation 2. Substituting in the acute emission rate from Equation 2,Equation 9 gives the maximum 1-hour (acute) concentration of 1104 µg/m3.

(9)

The maximum annual concentration is calculated by using U.S. EPA conversion factor0.08 (U.S. EPA, 1992) and adjusting the operating schedule for the hours the facility does notemit, as described by Equation 4. However, the annualized maximum 1-hour concentration mustfirst be calculated as shown in Equation 10. Using Equation 4 with the result from Equation 10,Equation 11 gives the maximum annual average concentration of 6.280 µg/m3.

(10)

(11)

A summary of the output from the ISCST3 modeling is shown in Appendix D (ModelingResults). For more information on the ISCST3 model, please refer to the ISCST3 model user’sguide (U.S. EPA, 1995b).

4. Calculation of Potential Cancer Risk and Non-Cancer Acute and Chronic HazardIndices

In this example, SCREEN3 and the two ISCST3 calculations predicted slightly differentmaximum concentrations. While either of the three can be used to calculate the potential healthimpacts, the example calculation will continue with the estimated concentrations from theISCST3 model using regional-specific meteorological data. We can combine the modelingoutput with the unit risk factor (cancer effects) or the reference exposure level (non-cancereffects) to determine the potential cancer risk and corresponding acute and chronic hazardindices. The risk assessments are conducted using guidance from the California Air PollutionControl Officers Association (CAPCOA), Revised 1992, Air Toxic "Hot Spots" Program RiskAssessment Guidelines (CAPCOA, 1993). For this example, we calculated the potential cancer

C-8

and non-cancer health impacts at a near-source location of 32 meters from the center of thevolume source (five meters away from the edge of the building). We also assumed that a MEIR(resident) and a MEIW (worker) are exposed to the same concentration. The inhalation unit riskfactor (URF) for Perc is 5.9 x 10-6 (µg/m3)-1; the acute non-cancer reference exposure level (REL)is 20.0 x 103 µg/m3 and the chronic REL is 35 µg/m3 (CAPCOA, 1993). Equation 12 shows thebasic algorithm for determining the potential cancer risk, in chances per million, for a residentiallocation (MEIR).

(12)

The factor 106/million is used to convert the result into the standard reporting unit,chances per million. Substituting in the maximum annual average concentration from Equation 7and the Perc URF, Equation 13 gives us the potential cancer risk for a residential receptor32 meters away from the center of the building.

(13)

Equation 14 gives the formula for calculating the potential risk for an off-site worker(MEIW). Using guidance from OEHHA, the exposure period of an off-site worker is adjusted toallow for a shorter working lifetime and a shorter operating schedule. This first adjustment ismade to allow for a shorter working lifetime, 46 years, rather than a 70-year exposure lifetimewhich is assumed for residential exposure. The second adjustment is appropriate only when theoffsite worker schedule does not coincide with or is shorter than that of the facility beingassessed (OEHHA, 1997). It is assumed that a nearby worker would be exposed 8 hours a day,240 days a year (1920 hours/year) for 46 years (CAPCOA, 1993).

(14)

Substituting in the maximum annual average concentration from Equation 7, the URF,and the operating schedule (3016 hours per year, for this example), Equation 15 gives the risk foran offsite worker.

(15)

C-9

(17)

(19)

Equations 16 and 17 give the formulas for calculating the non-cancer acute and chronichazard indices, respectively. The acute hazard index is determined by taking the acute maximum1-hour concentration (acute exposure) and dividing by the acute REL of 20,000 µg/m3.

(16)

Similarly, the chronic hazard index is determined by taking the maximum annual averageconcentration (chronic exposure) and dividing by the chronic REL of 35 µg/m3. Finally,Equations 18 and 19 solve for the acute and chronic hazard indices, respectively.

(18)

Tables C-3 summarizes the results that have been calculated in this example for ISCST3using regional-specific meteorology.

Table C-3. Summary of ISCST3 Results from Example Calculation

Parameter Result Reference

Perc Emission Rate (acute), [grams/s] 0.1407 Equation 2

Perc Emission Rate (annualized) [grams/s] 0.0291 Equation 3

Maximum Concentration (unit annual), [µg/m3] 113 ISCST3 Model Output

Maximum Concentration (unit acute), [µg/m3] 5027 ISCST3 Model Output

Maximum Concentration (annual) , [µg/m3] 3.288 Equation 7

Maximum Concentration (acute), [µg/m3] 707 Equation 8

Cancer Risk (Resident) [chances per million] 19.4 Equation 13

Cancer Risk (Worker) [chances per million] 8.1 Equation 15

Non-Cancer Acute Hazard Index 0.035 Equation 18

Non-Cancer Chronic Hazard Index 0.094 Equation 19

C-10

As previously mentioned, this methodology can be extended to MeCl and TCE (or anyother pollutant of interest) by using Equation 1 to calculate MeCl and TCE emission rates. Additionally, the URF and acute and chronic RELs for these toxic pollutants will also be needed. Table C-4 summarizes the necessary health values. A summary of results from the modelingperformed on each of the facilities visited, as well as the generic facilities, is presented inAppendix D.

Table C-4. Pollutant-Specific Health Values

Pollutant Unit Risk Factor(URF)

Acute ReferenceExposure Level

Chronic ReferenceExposure Level

Perchloroethylene (Perc) 5.9 x 10-6 (µg/m3)-1 20,000 µg/m3 35 µg/m3

Methylene Chloride (MeCl) 1.0 x 10-6 (µg/m3)-1 14,000 µg/m3 3000 µg/m3

Trichloroethylene (TCE) 2.0 x 10-6 (µg/m3)-1 none 640 µg/m3

B. Calculation of the Regional Cancer Risk from Specific Facilities

To perform an assessment of the potential regional cancer risk at the thirteen specificfacilities an assessor would start by running a refined air dispersion model. For this analysis,concentration estimates were produced using ISCST3 and multiple years of meteorological data. An example of the input for the ISCST3 model is provided in Table C-2.

The output from the ISCST3 model consists of concentrations at specified locationsaround a facility that can be referred to as a grid of receptor points. Based on the spatialresolution of the available population data and existing software tools, a 31-kilometer by 31-kilometer system of one-kilometer, square grid-cells was established for each facility as a spatialbasis of analysis. Each grid system is centered on the represented facility.

After the modeling is complete, further post processing is performed to produce oneconcentration estimate per grid-cell. Two receptor networks were used for estimatingconcentrations with ISCST3 (at each receptor a concentration, exclusive to each facility'semissions, is estimated). One network consists of receptors spaced one-kilometer apart,coincident with the center of each of the one-kilometer, square grid-cells in the 31-kilometer by31-kilometer grid system. These sparsely spaced receptors are used to represent thehomogeneous, low grid-cell concentrations experienced outside of the 9 most central grid-cellswhere concentrations tend to be less uniform. However, because a large concentration gradient isexperienced close to the source (i.e., inhomogeneous emissions), a network consisting of manyreceptors per grid-cell (100 meters apart) was used. Concentrations estimated at these receptorswere averaged, per grid-cell, to produce average concentrations for the nine most central cells.

C-11

Census tract population data were acquired from the State Department of Finance. Spatially, this data represents California census tract population estimates for 1998, grown from1990 Census data. A census tract, generally, represents an area larger than one square kilometer. Data processing of population data took into consideration that grid-cell boundaries overlap withcensus tract boundaries. Where multiple grid-cells split a census block population estimate, thepopulation data for the single census tract is allocated based on the relative area of the censustract falling in each grid-cell. This is consistent with past population exposure analyses andassumes a homogeneous distribution of population within the tract.

Population data and modeled concentration results were processed to represent theaverage population and average concentration within each of the one-kilometer square grid-cellsin the 31-kilometer by 31-kilometer grid system. The averaged population and concentrationdata for each grid-cell were overlaid. The concentration and population estimates were thenmerged based on the represented grid-cell and frequency distributions of the regional populationexposure to each of the annual modeling results were created, based on a uniform range ofreceptor concentrations. See Appendix D, Section E for a complete listing of all thirteenfacilities population exposure estimates and Table C-5 for an example.

In Table C-5, the left column presents the modeled annual concentration estimate basedon a unit emission rate of one gram per second and the next 6 columns present the estimatedpopulation exposed to that concentration per meteorology year. In this example, the fivecolumns right of the concentration are for Oakland 1960 to 1964. The last column is the averagepopulation surrounding this facility in Oakland over the years 1960 to 1964.

For example, the results from Table C-5 indicate that within one-kilometer of this facility,on average, 5,843 persons are estimated to be exposed to concentrations of 0.163 µg/m3 up to6.28 µg/m3 (based on a one gram per second emissions rate) using Oakland meteorological datafor years 1960 through 1964.

To make this table more meaningful, the unit emission rates can be converted to potentialcancer risk estimates. To perform this calculation the additional information that is needed isactual emission rate for the facility being evaluated and the pollutant-specific unit risk factor(URF). From Table C-3, the annual emission rate for this facility is 0.0291 grams per second. See Appendix D for a listing of the emission rates used for each modeled facility. The URF forPerc is 5.9 x 10-6 (microgram per cubic meter)-1 or (µg/m3)-1. Equation 20 shows the algorithmfor converting a unit emission rate into an estimate of the potential cancer risk reported inchances per million.

(20)

C-12

Table C-5. Example Table of Population Exposure Estimates

µµg/m3

>=OAK60 OAK61 OAK62 OAK63 OAK64 AVG

0.000 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824

0.001 593,781 610,692 638,801 610,352 618,981 614,521

0.003 377,141 385,071 401,672 391,357 423,603 395,769

0.004 268,996 281,562 283,035 268,881 312,438 282,982

0.006 192,742 203,315 220,437 216,063 234,450 213,401

0.007 176,510 174,360 181,645 165,209 194,184 178,382

0.009 132,661 143,847 149,503 143,106 142,784 142,380

0.010 112,796 115,642 119,774 119,184 131,794 119,838

0.011 103,975 106,927 105,949 105,949 119,588 108,478

0.013 95,571 90,808 99,529 100,217 95,886 96,402

0.014 87,623 86,550 91,753 78,587 87,623 86,427

0.016 80,258 69,719 87,623 70,114 79,699 77,483

0.017 59,443 61,804 61,804 66,517 67,676 63,449

0.020 56,185 58,546 54,494 63,259 55,002 57,497

0.024 52,133 52,133 52,133 56,185 44,033 51,323

0.031 38,289 42,785 38,289 42,785 38,289 40,087

0.041 29,615 33,907 33,907 33,907 29,615 32,190

0.047 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101

0.054 12,008 12,008 20,702 16,407 20,702 16,365

0.163 4,302 4,302 12,008 4,302 4,302 5,843

The factor 106/million in Equation 20 is used to convert the result into the standardreporting unit, chances per million. Substituting in the facility’s actual emission rate from Table C-3, the maximum annual average concentration from the left hand column of Table C-5,and the Perc URF, Equation 21 gives us the potential cancer risk for the population estimateslisted in the right six columns.

C-13

(21)

Returning to the earlier example from Table C-5, where the results indicate that withinone-kilometer of this facility, on average, 5,843 persons are estimated to be exposed toconcentrations of 0.163 µg/m3 to 6.28 µg/m3, we now see that this unit-emissions-basedconcentration translates to an estimated cancer risk of 0.03 chances per million to 19 chances permillion. See Table VI-6 in Chapter VI for a list of the estimated regional cancer risks for theone-kilometer grid-cell concentrations at all thirteen specific facilities.

Although the potential cancer risk from the one-kilometer grid-cell concentration is notvery large, this does not mean that higher potential cancer risks are not present within the one-kilometer grid-cell. High concentration gradients have been shown to exist within 100meters of a facility. Examples of higher potential cancer risks within the one-kilometer grid-cellat the thirteen specific facilities have been estimated at the near source, MEIR, and MEIWlocations and are presented in Table VI-6 in Chapter VI.

C-14

REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX C

CAPCOA, 1993. CAPCOA Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program - Revised 1992 RiskAssessment Guidelines, Toxics Committee of the California Air Pollution Control OfficerAssociation (CAPCOA), October 1993.

OEHHA, 1997. Telephone conversation with Melanie Marty, Manager, Air Risk Assessment Unit, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, and Greg Harris, on May 19, 1997.

U.S. EPA, 1992. Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised, United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), October 1992.

U.S. EPA, 1995a. ISCST3 Model User’s Guide, EPA-454/B-95-003a, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,September 1995.

U.S. EPA, 1995b. SCREEN3 Model User’s Guide, EPA-454/B-95-004, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,September 1995.

Appendix D

Specific and Generic Facility Modeling Results

D-1

Appendix D. Specific and Generic Facility Modeling Results

This appendix presents the modeling input parameters and results summary for the 54specific facilities and three generic facilities that were modeled. The modeling utilized both theSCREEN3 and ISCST3 air dispersion models. The ISCST3 model was used for 13 specificfacilities and the generic facilities. All other facilities were modeled using SCREEN3.

A. Perchloroethylene-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3

This section summarizes the results from our modeling of the 29 facilities that usedperchloroethylene (Perc) brake cleaning products which did not contain either methylene chloride(MeCl) or trichloroethylene (TCE). Tables D-1 thru D-5 present the modeling input parametersfor each facility modeled using SCREEN3 . Tables D-6 thru D-11 summarize the modelingresults.

Table D-1. Modeling Input Parameters for Facilities E, H, L, N, Q, R, and V

Parameter Value1

Facility E Facility H Facility L Facility N Facility Q Facility R Facility V

Source Type Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume

Facility Type ServiceStation

Fleet ServiceStation

Dealership GeneralAuto

GeneralAuto

BrakeShop

Perc Content [%] 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94 99 65 to 94 65 to 94 90

Perc Emission Rate - Annual[grams/s]

0.0007 to 0.0010

0.0010 to0.0014

0.0025 to0.0036

0.00231 0.0260 to0.0375

0.0227 to0.0328

0.0002

Perc Emission Rate - Acute[grams/s]

0.0490 to0.0704

0.0075 to0.0108

0.1350 to0.1944

0.0076 0.2925 to0.4219

0.5562 to0.0804

0.0052

Receptor Height [m] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source Release Height [m] 2.896 4.572 2.286 2.286 3.048 2.438 2.286

Initial Lateral Dimension ofVolume [m]

1.949 12.995 3.573 3.190 4.749 4.253 2.127

Initial Vertical Dimensionof Volume [m]

2.694 4.253 2.127 2.127 2.835 2.268 2.127

Met Option - Acute/Annual Full Full Full Full Full Full Full

Land Type (Urban or Rural) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban

Operating Schedule[hrs/wk]

69 47.5 54 42.5 45 51.5 45

1. These facilities use a brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the MSDS; therefore a range is presented for the Perc emission rate.

D-2

Table D-2. Modeling Input Parameters for Facilities A-13, A-14, A-15, A-16, A-21, and A-29

Parameter Value1

Facility A-13

Facility A-14

Facility A-15

Facility A-16

Facility A-21

Facility A-29

Source Type Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume

Facility Type GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

Brake Shop Fleet

Perc Content [%] 65 to 94 65 to 94 70 to 94 65 to 94 70 to 94 65 to 94


0.00006 to0.00009

0.0005 to0.0007

0.0023 to0.0033

0.0030 to0.0044

0.0037 to0.0050

0.0130 to0.0188


0.0006 to0.0009

0.0225 to0.0325

0.0524 to0.0704

0.0162 to0.0234

0.0524 to0.0703

0.0898 to0.1299

Receptor Height [m] 0 0 0 0 0 0

Source Release Height [m] 2.743 2.438 2.286 2.743 2.438 3.810


3.332 2.481 5.316 3.899 5.671 4.253

Initial Vertical Dimension ofVolume [m]

2.552 2.268 2.127 2.552 2.268 3.544

Met Option - Annual Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4

Met Option - Acute Full Full Full Full Full Full

Land Type (Urban or Rural) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban

Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 60.5 47.5 45 64 56.5 901. These facilities use a brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the MSDS; therefore a range is presented for the Perc emission rate.

D-3


Parameter Value1

Facility A-30

Facility A-31

Facility A-32

Facility A-35

Facility A-36

Facility A-50


Facility Type Fleet GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

Brake Shop Dealership GeneralAutomotive

Perc Content [%] 25 to 85 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94


0.0023 to0.0078

0.0088 to0.0127

0.0006 to0.0009

0.0055 to0.0079

0.0273 to0.0394

0.0040 to0.0057


0.0531 to0.1806

0.0122 to0.0176

0.0244 to0.0353

0.2547 to0.3681

0.0717 to0.1037

0.0649 to0.0938




5.671 3.190 2.835 4.607 4.253 2.127


4.253 2.552 2.410 3.544 3.544 2.268




Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 92.5 55.5 40 46.5 50 491. These facilities use a brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the MSDS; therefore a range is presented for the Perc emission rate.

D-4

Table D-4. Modeling Input Parameters for Facilities A-51, A-54, A-73, A-84, and A-87

Parameter Value1

Facility A-51 Facility A-54 Facility A-73 Facility A-84 Facility A-87

Source Type Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume


GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

Dealership

Perc Content [%] 90 to 99 65 to 94 65 to 75 89 60 to 99


0.0025 to 0.0027 0.0057 to 0.0083 0.0130 to 0.0150 0.0142 0.0187 to 0.0308


0.1417 to 0.1558 0.0730 to 0.1056 0.0487 to 0.0562 0.1441 0.0280 to 0.0462

Receptor Height [m] 0 0 0 0 0

Source Release Height [m] 2.438 2.591 3.048 3.353 3.048


1.559 1.772 2.481 2.481 7.088


2.268 2.410 2.835 3.119 2.835

Met Option - Annual Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4

Met Option - Acute Full Full Full Full Full

Land Type (Urban or Rural) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban

Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 57 51 45 71 451. These facilities use a brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the MSDS; therefore a range is presented for the Perc emission rate.

D-5

Table D-5. Modeling Input Parameters for Facilities A-88, A-89, A-90, A-93, and A-94

Parameter Value1

Facility A-88 Facility A-89 Facility A-90 Facility A-93 Facility A-94

Source Type Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume


GeneralAutomotive

Service Station GeneralAutomotive

Service Station

Perc Content [%] 20 to 50 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94 65 to 94


0.0090 to 0.0224 0.0039 to 0.0056 0.0041 to 0.0059 0.0088 to 0.0128 0.0015 to 0.0022


0.1495 to 0.3739 0.0097 to 0.0141 0.1947 to 0.2814 0.0973 to 0.1407 0.0340 to 0.0493

Receptor Height [m] 0 0 0 0 0

Source Release Height [m] 3.200 2.438 2.591 2.438 2.743


3.544 3.544 1.772 4.253 1.772


2.977 2.268 2.410 2.268 2.552

Met Option - Annual Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4 Class 4

Met Option - Acute Full Full Full Full Full

Land Type (Urban or Rural) Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban

Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 50 50 48 55 451. These facilities use a brake cleaning product which shows a Perc content range on the MSDS; therefore a range is presented for the Perc emission rate.

D-6

Table D-6. Summary of Modeling Results for Facilities E, H, L, N, and Q

FACILITY RECEPTORTYPE

Receptor Distance[meters]

Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]

Maximum1-hour Conc.(annualized)

[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]

Potential Cancer Risk [chances per million]

Hazard Index

Center1 Env.2 Resident Worker Acute Chronic

E3 Near-Source 20 16 710.0 to 1026 10.29 to 14.87 0.3372 to 0.4872 1.99 to 2.87 0.70 to 1.01 0.0355 to 0.0513 0.0096 to 0.0139

MEIW 40 36 384.9 to 556.2 5.578 to 8.061 0.1828 to 0.2641 1.08 to 1.56 0.38 to 0.55 0.0192 to 0.0278 0.0052 to 0.0075

MEIR 805 801 4.44 to 6.41 0.0642 to 0.0929 0.0021 to 0.0030 0.01 to 0.02 0.00 to 0.01 0.0002 to 0.0003 0.0001 to 0.0001

H3 Near-Source 30 2 17.89 to 25.81 2.265 to 3.267 0.0511 to 0.0737 0.30 to 0.43 0.15 to 0.22 0.0009 to 0.0013 0.0015 to 0.0021


MEIR 830 802 0.58 to 0.83 0.0728 to 0.105 0.0016 to 0.0024 < 0.01 to 0.01 < 0.01 to 0.01 <0.0001 0.0000 to 0.0001

L3 Near-Source 20 12 1689 to 2439 31.27 to 45.16 0.8019 to 1.1581 4.73 to 6.83 2.13 to 3.07 0.0844 to 0.1219 0.0229 to 0.0331

MEIW 35 27 1096 to 1583 20.3 to 29.31 0.5206 to 0.7516 3.07 to 4.43 1.38 to 1.99 0.0548 to 0.0791 0.0149 to 0.0215


N Near-Source 20 13 101.8 30.95 0.6247 3.69 2.10 0.0051 0.0178

MEIW 117 110 14.46 4.394 0.0887 0.52 0.30 0.0007 0.0025

MEIR 407 400 2.01 0.6123 0.0124 0.07 0.04 0.0001 0.0004

Q3 Near-Source 20 10 2427 to 3509 215.7 to 311.9 4.6095 to 6.6653 27.20 to 39.33 14.66 to 21.20 0.1213 to 0.1754 0.1317 to 0.1904

MEIW 71 61 879.3 to 1271 78.16 to 113 1.6703 to 2.4148 9.85 to 14.25 5.31 to 7.68 0.0440 to 0.0636 0.0477 to 0.0690

MEIR 86 76 701.7 to 1015 62.37 to 90.21 1.3328 to 1.9278 7.86 to 11.37 4.24 to 6.13 0.0351 to 0.0507 0.0381 to 0.05511. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results.

D-7

Table D-7. Summary of Modeling Results for Facilities R, V, A-13, A-14, and A-15



Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]


[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]


Hazard Index


R3 Near-Source 20 11 592.9 to 857.0 242 to 349.8 5.9185 to 8.5549 34.92 to 50.47 16.45 to 23.78 0.0296 to 0.0429 0.1691 to 0.2444



V3 Near-Source 20 15 86.41 3.837 0.0820 0.48 0.26 0.0043 0.0023

MEIW 23 18 77.38 3.436 0.0734 0.43 0.23 0.0039 0.0021

MEIR4 11 6 >86.41 >3.837 >0.0820 >0.48 >0.26 >0.0043 >0.0023

A-133 Near-Source 20 13 6.81 to 10.22 0.4835 to 0.7253 0.0139 to 0.0208 0.08 to 0.12 0.03 to 0.05 0.0003 to 0.0005 0.0004 to 0.0006



A-143 Near-Source 20 15 331 to 478 4.67 to 6.76 0.105 to 0.152 0.62 to 0.90 0.32 to 0.46 0.017 to 0.024 0.003 to 0.004

MEIW4 11 6 >331 to >478 >4.67 to >6.76 >0.105 to >0.152 >0.62 to >0.90 >0.32 to >0.46 >0.017 to >0.024 >0.003 to >0.004




MEIR 87 76 131 to 176 2.758 to 3.706 0.0589 to 0.0792 0.35 to 0.47 0.19 to 0.25 0.0066 to 0.0088 0.0017 to 0.00231. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results.4. The receptor is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate that the potential health impacts will be significant. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 meters.

D-8

Table D-8. Summary of Modeling Results for Facilities A-16, A-21, A-29, A-30, and A-31



Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]


[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]


Hazard Index





A-213 Near-Source 20 8 458.4 to 615 23.63 to 31.72 0.6340 to 0.8511 3.74 to 5.02 1.61 to 2.16 0.0229 to 0.0308 0.0181 to 0.0243









A-313 Near-Source 20 13 142 to 205 72.24 to 105 1.904 to 2.757 11.23 to 16.3 4.9 to 7.1 0.0071 to 0.0103 0.0544 to 0.0788

MEIW4 13 6 >142 to >205 >72.24 to >105 >1.904 to >2.757 >11.2 to >16.3 >4.9 to >7.1 >0.0071 to >0.0103 >0.0544 to >0.0788

MEIR 226 229 7.63 to 11.01 2.079 to 3.01 0.0548 to 0.0793 0.32 to 0.47 0.14 to 0.02 0.0004 to 0.0006 0.0016 to 0.00231. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results.4. The receptor is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate that the potential health impacts will be significant. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 meters.

D-9




Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]


[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]


Hazard Index













MEIR 20 15 1032 to 1491 42.07 to 60.82 0.9789 to 1.415 5.78 to 8.35 2.86 to 4.13 0.0516 to 0.0746 0.0280 to 0.0404




D-10




Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]


[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]


Hazard Index




MEIR 41 38 611.8 to 885 25.93 to 37.53 0.6280 to 0.9089 3.71 to 5.36 1.76 to 2.55 0.0306 to 0.0443 0.0179 to 0.0260

A-733 Near-Source 20 15 600.5 to 692.9 112.7 to 130 2.408 to 2.778 14.21 to 16.39 7.66 to 8.84 0.0300 to 0.0346 0.0688 to 0.0794

MEIW 20 15 600.5 to 692.9 112.7 to 130 2.408 to 2.778 14.21 to 16.39 7.66 to 8.84 0.0300 to 0.0346 0.0688 to 0.0794


A-843 Near-Source 20 15 1642 115.5 3.894 22.98 7.85 0.0821 0.1113

MEIW 14 9 >1642 >115.5 >3.894 >22.98 >7.85 >0.0821 >0.1113

MEIR 43 38 889.2 50.3 1.696 10.01 3.42 0.0445 0.0485







D-11

Table D-11. Summary of Modeling Results for Facilities A-89, A-90, A-93, and A-94



Maximum1-hour Conc.

(acute)[µµg/m3]


[µµg/m3]

MaximumAnnual Avg.

Conc.[µµg/m3]


Hazard Index


A-893 Near-Source 20 12 116.2 to 169 32.66 to 46.89 0.7755 to 1.113 4.58 to 6.57 2.22 to 3.19 0.0058 to 0.0085 0.0222 to 0.0318





MEIR4 18 14 >3218 to >4652 >44.91 to >64.62 >1.024 to >1.473 >6.04 to >8.69 >3.1 to >4.4 >0.1609 to >0.2326 >0.0292 to >0.0421



MEIR4 17 8 >1035 to >1497 >66.51 to >96.74 >1.737 to >2.527 >10.3 to >14.9 >4.5 to >6.6 >0.0518 to >0.0749 >0.0496 to >0.0722



MEIR 27 23 420 to 608.9 11.4 to 16.72 0.2436 to 0.3573 1.44 to 2.11 0.78 to 1.14 0.0210 to 0.0304 0.0070 to 0.01021. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results.4. The receptor is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate that the potential health impacts will be significant. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 meters.

D-12

B. Multicomponent-Using Facilities Modeled with SCREEN3

This section summarizes the results from our modeling for the 12 facilities that used productsthat contained either Perc (P), MeCl (M), or TCE (T) or some combination of the three. Tables D-12and D-13 present the modeling input parameters and tables D-14 thru D-16 summarize the results.

Table D-12. Modeling Input Parameters for Facilities D, G, M, S, A-20, and A-39

Parameter Value

Facility D Facility G1 Facility M Facility S Facility A-20 Facility A-39


Facility Type Srvc. Sta. Fleet Dealership Brake Shop Gen Auto Gen Auto

Chlorinated Content [%] P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:85, T:10 P:55, M:43

Perc Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

0.0096 0.0408 0.0408 0.0062 0.0146 0.0101


0.0859 0.0408 0.1334 0.0124 0.0446 0.0303

MeCl Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

0.0044 0.0185 0.0185 0.0028 N/A 0.0079

MeCl Emission Rate - Acute[grams/s]

0.0394 0.0185 0.0605 0.0056 N/A 0.0237

TCE Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.0017 N/A

TCE Emission Rate - Acute[grams/s]

N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.0052 N/A


Source Release Height [m] 2.286 1.829 3.658 2.591 2.743 2.438 4.572


3.246 2.761 10.07 5.316 2.835 1.772 4.962


2.127 1.701 2.127 2.410 2.552 2.268 4.253

Met Option - Annual/Acute Full Full Full Full Class 4/Full Class 4/Full


Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 54 42.5 42.5 50 55 601. Due to the relationship between the exterior building dimensions to the location of the actual service area, two SCREEN3 runs were completed. The data in the left-hand column is used to calculate the non-cancer acute hazard index and the data in the right-hand column is used to calculate overall cancer risk and chronic non-cancer hazard index.

D-13


Parameter Value

Facility A-49

Facility A-63

Facility A-71

Facility A-72

Facility A-82

Facility A-85



GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

GeneralAutomotive

Chlorinated Content [%] P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:55, M:25 P:98, M:0.5 P:98, M:0.5

Perc Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

0.0091 0.0010 0.0010 0.0027 0.0144 0.0283


0.0867 0.0434 0.0434 0.1198 0.0417 0.1388

MeCl Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

0.0042 0.0005 0.0004 0.0012 0.0001 0.0001

MeCl Emission Rate - Acute[grams/s]

0.0394 0.0197 0.0197 0.0544 0.0002 0.0007

TCE Emission Rate - Ann.[grams/s]

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TCE Emission Rate - Acute[grams/s]

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A




3.544 2.127 1.914 3.544 2.481 1.772


2.127 3.544 2.268 2.552 2.835 2.410




Operating Schedule [hrs/wk] 47.5 42.5 45 45 58 49

D-14

Table D-14. Summary of Modeling Results for Facilities D, G, M, and S




Hazard Index


D Near-Source 25 2 17.77 7.99 0.0807 0.0831

MEIW 55 32 8.31 3.73 0.0375 0.0388

MEIR 175 152 1.63 0.73 0.0074 0.0076

G Near-Source 25 3 21.54 12.30 0.0421 0.1007

MEIW 50 28 15.26 8.71 0.0201 0.0713

MEIR 420 398 1.15 0.66 0.0008 0.0054

M Near-Source 20 9 45.66 26.07 0.0960 0.2135

MEIW 26 15 39.50 22.55 0.0831 0.1847

MEIR 31 20 35.01 19.99 0.0736 0.1637

S Near-Source 20 14 11.76 5.71 0.0128 0.0550

MEIW 47 41 5.73 2.78 0.0062 0.0268

MEIR 466 460 0.20 0.10 0.0002 0.00091. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).

D-15





Hazard Index


A-20 Near-Source 20 16 26.58 11.73 0.0386 0.1245

MEIW 53 49 7.42 3.27 0.0141 0.0348

MEIR 50 46 8.10 3.57 0.0152 0.0380

A-39 Near-Source 20 9 9.73 3.94 0.0086 0.0389

MEIW 34 23 6.52 2.63 0.0066 0.0261

MEIR 57 46 3.80 1.54 0.0045 0.0152

A-49 Near-Source 20 12 11.33 5.79 0.0899 0.0529

MEIW3 14 6 >11.33 >5.79 >0.0899 >0.0529

MEIR 38 30 5.60 2.86 0.0539 0.0262

A-63 Near-Source 20 15 1.03 0.59 0.0395 0.0048

MEIW3 8 3 >1.03 >0.59 >0.0395 >0.0048

MEIR 2419 2414 <0.01 <0.01 <0.0001 <0.00011. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. The receptor is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate that the potential health impacts will be significant. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 meters.

D-16





Hazard Index


A-71 Near-Source 20 16 1.45 0.78 0.0598 0.0068

MEIW3 19 15 >1.45 >0.78 >0.0598 >0.0068

MEIR 34 30 0.77 0.42 0.0371 0.0036

A-72 Near-Source 20 12 2.85 1.54 0.1080 0.0133

MEIW 29 21 2.03 1.10 0.0842 0.0095

MEIR 61 53 0.77 0.42 0.0407 0.0036

A-82 Near-Source 20 15 20.30 8.49 0.0276 0.0983

MEIW 42 37 8.90 3.72 0.0150 0.0431

MEIR 42 37 8.90 3.72 0.0150 0.0431

A-85 Near-Source 20 16 42.60 21.09 0.1231 0.2062

MEIW3 12 8 >42.60 >21.09 >0.1231 >0.2062

MEIR 34 30 22.74 11.26 0.0765 0.11011. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the building exterior (envelope).3. The receptor is located closer than 20 meters to the center of the volume source, which is the minimum distance modeled; therefore, the potential health impacts are likely to be greater than those listed here. However, we do not anticipate that the potential health impacts will be significant. The impacts shown here are at the near-source location of 20 meters.

D-17

C. Perchloroethylene-Using Facilities Modeled with ISCST3

This section summarizes the results from our modeling of the 13 facilities that used Perc-containing brake cleaning products whichdid not contain either MeCl or TCE using regional-specific meteorological (met) data and ISCST3. Tables D-17 thru D-19 present themodeling input parameters and tables D-20 thru D-22 summarize the modeling results.

Table D-17. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 13 Specific Facilities1

Facility FacilityType

Emission Rate [g/s] PercContent

[%]

ReleaseHeight

[m]

Approx.Length

[m]

Approx.Width[m]

Approx.Height

[m]

DispersionCoefficient

Number ofL x L

VolumesAcute Annual

A-07 Gen Auto 0.0973 to 0.1407 0.0201 to 0.0291 65 to 94 2.3 30.5 10.7 4.6 Urban 3



A-28 Fleet 0.0608 to 0.0880 0.0080 to 0.0115 65 to 94 4.5 15.2 15.2 9.1 Urban 1



A-86 Dealership 0.0747 to 0.1232 0.0367 to 0.0606 60 to 99 5.0 53.3 33.5 10.0 Urban 2

A-92 Svc Sta 0.0973 to 0.1407 0.0062 to 0.0090 65 to 94 2.6 15.2 7.6 5.2 Urban 2

I Fleet 0.1817 to 0.2633 0.0236 to 0.0342 65 to 94 4.7 62.8 22.3 9.5 Urban 3

O Gen Auto 0.1946 to 0.2815 0.0087 to 0.0125 65 to 94 3.0 18.3 15.2 6.1 Urban 1

P Brake Shop 0.0182 to 0.0263 0.0043 to 0.0061 65 to 94 3.0 18.3 10.7 6.1 Urban 2

T Gen Auto 0.0374 0.0166 99 3.0 21.3 9.1 6.1 Urban 2

U Gen Auto 0.0389 to 0.0562 0.0097 to 0.0141 65 to 94 3.0 18.3 9.1 6.1 Urban 21. All facilities modeled as a volume source with receptor height set to zero. All facilities, except Facility T, use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results

D-18

Table D-18. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 13 Specific Facilities (cont.)

Facility Operating Schedule[hrs/wk]

Open Hours OpenDays

Meteorology Data Set

A-07 58 8:00 am - 6:00 pm8:00 am - 4:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Oakland 1960-64

A-08 59 8:00 am - 6:00 pm8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Oakland 1960-64

A-09 59 8:00 am - 6:00 pm8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Oakland 1960-64

A-28 122.5 5:00 am - 10:30 pm Mon - Sun McClellan AFB 1953-57

A-52 51 8:00 am - 5:00 pm8:00 am - 2:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

LAX 1985-89

A-83 53 8:00 am - 6:00 pm8:00 am - 4:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Redding 1987-89

A-86 60 7:00 am - 6:00 pm9:00 am - 2:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Fresno 1985-89

A-92 47 7:30 am - 4:00 pm7:30 am - 12:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Fresno 1985-89

I 92.5 6:30 am - 1:00 am Mon - Fri Sac Exec 1987, 1989-92

O 45 9:00 am - 6:00 pm Mon - Fri Concord 1991-96

P 60 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Mon - Sat Mather AFB 1953-57

T 56.5 8:00 am - 5:30 pm8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Burbank 1958-62

U 60 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Mon - Sat Anaheim 1981

Table D-19. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 13 Specific Facilities (cont.)

ISCST3 Receptor Networks Used

Grid Name (Type) Cell Size Number of Cells Location

COARSE (Cartesian) 1000 m x 1000 m 31 x 31 = 961 Centered on Source Centroid

FINE (Cartesian) 100 m x 100 m 31 x 31 = 961 Centered on Source Centroid

VFINE (Cartesian) 20 m x 20 m 26 x 26 = 676 Centered on Source Centroid

D-19

Table D-20. Detailed Listing of ISCST3 Modeling Results - 13 Specific Facilities



ApproximateDirection

From Facility[Deg]3

MaximumAnnual

Concentration[µµg/m3]

MaximumHourly



Hazard Index


A-074 Near-Source 32 27 108 2.271 to 3.288 489.1 to 707.3 13.4 to 19.4 5.61 to 8.12 0.0245 to 0.0354 0.0649 to 0.0940

MEIW 51 46 79 0.945 to 1.368 191.1 to 276.3 5.57 to 8.07 2.33 to 3.38 0.0096 to 0.0138 0.0270 to 0.0391

MEIR 32 27 108 2.271 to 3.288 310.9 to 449.7 13.4 to 19.4 5.61 to 8.12 0.0155 to 0.0225 0.0649 to 0.0940












MEIR 46 42 311 0.468 to 0.512 697.1 to 766.7 2.76 to 3.02 1.31 to 1.44 0.0349 to 0.0383 0.0134 to 0.01461. Distance to receptor measured from the center of the volume source.2. Distance to receptor measured from the short side of the building exterior (envelope).3. For near-source, not applicable for acute values.4. These facilities use a Perc-containing brake cleaner which shows a Perc content range on the Material Safety Data Sheet; therefore, a range is presented for the results.

D-20

Table D-21. Summary of ISCST3 Modeling Results - 13 Specific Facilities (cont.)



Approximatedirection

From Facility[Deg]

MaximumAnnual


MaximumHourly



Hazard Index





A-864 Near-Source 51 34 101 - 135 1.358 to 2.242 119.1 to 196.4 8.01 to 13.23 3.19 to 5.26 0.0060 to 0.0098 0.0388 to 0.0641






I4 Near-Source 51 40 349 - 11 1.864 to 2.702 405.4 to 587.5 11.00 to 15.94 2.89 to 4.18 0.0203 to 0.0294 0.0533 to 0.0772



O4 Near-Source 32 24 162 0.770 to 1.113 1428 to 2065 4.54 to 6.57 2.45 to 3.54 0.0714 to 0.1032 0.0220 to 0.0318

MEIW 32 24 180 0.709 to 1.026 1413 to 2043 4.18 to 6.05 2.26 to 3.26 0.0706 to 0.1021 0.0203 to 0.0293


D-21

Table D-22. Summary of ISCST3 Modeling Results - 13 Specific Facilities (cont.)



Approximatedirection

From Facility[Deg]

MaximumAnnual


MaximumHourly



Hazard Index


P4 Near-Source 32 27 342 - 72 0.387 to 0.559 59.83 to 86.43 2.28 to 3.30 0.92 to 1.33 0.0030 to 0.0043 0.0111 to 0.0160



T4 Near-Source 32 27 288 - 342 2.517 218.6 14.85 6.38 0.0109 0.0719

MEIW 32 27 0 2.236 117.8 13.19 5.66 0.0059 0.0639

MEIR 32 27 0 2.236 117.8 13.19 5.66 0.0059 0.0639

U4 Near-Source 32 27 72 3.279 to 4.738 237.8 to 343.7 19.35 to 27.96 7.82 to 11.31 0.0108 to 0.0156 0.0937 to 0.1354



D-22

D. Generic Facilities

This section summarizes the input parameters and results for the three generic facilitiesthat were developed. All generic facility modeling were done using ISCST3 and consider Perc,MeCl, and TCE usage from brake cleaning products, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, andgeneral degreasers. Tables D-23 thru D-26 present the modeling input parameters. Themodeling results are summarized on pages D-25 thru D-204. For more information on how thegeneric facilities were developed, please see Appendix F.

Table D-23. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 3 Generic Facilities

Facility ApplicableFacility Types

ReleaseHeight

[m]

Approx.Length

[m]

Approx.Width[m]

Approx.Height

[m]

Number ofL x L

Volumes

G-01 General Automotive,Brake Shop, ServiceStation, Dealership

2.5 12.2 7.6 4.9 2

G-02 General Automotive,Brake Shop, ServiceStation., Dealership,Fleet

3.8 21.3 13.7 7.6 2

G-03 General Automotive,Dealership, Fleet

3.8 62.5 21.3 7.6 3

Table D-24. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 3 Generic Facilities (cont.)

Facility Operating Schedule[hrs/wk]

Open Hours Open Days Meteorology Data Sets

G-01G-02G-03

57 8:00 am - 5:00 pm8:00 am - 2:00 pm

Mon - FriSat

Oakland 1960-64McClellan AFB 1953-57LAX 1985-89Redding 1987-89Fresno 1985-89Sac Exec 1987, 1989-92Concord 1991-96Mather AFB 1953-57Burbank 1958-62Anaheim 1981

D-23

Table D-25. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - 3 Generic Facilities (cont.)

FacilityBase Emission Rates [g/s]1

Acute(65%)

Annualized(65%)

Acute(94%)

Annualized(94%)

G-01 0.0973 0.0341 0.1407 0.0494

G-02 0.1946 0.1024 0.2815 0.1481

G-03 0.1946 0.1024 0.2815 0.14811. The model is run using a unit emission rate of 1 gram per second. Calculation of base emission rates at 65% and 94% chlorinated content (by weight) simplifies the consideration of the variety of modeling scenarios summarized on pages D-25 through D-204.

Table D-26. ISCST3 Modeling Parameters - General Assumptions

General Assumptions

In conducting the ISCST3 modeling for the generic facilities, the following general assumptions were used:

< All facilities modeled as volume sources.

< Dispersion coefficient set to URBAN, receptor height set to ZERO

< Twenty brake jobs per week (1040 per year) for facility G-01, 60 per week (3120 per year) for facilityG-02 and G-03. This estimate is based on data collected from the Brake Cleaner and Perc-ContainingAutomotive Products (Manufacturers) Survey, the Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire (FacilitySurvey), and facility site visits (see Appendix B) and is designed such that product usage on otheractivities is automatically included (see Appendix F).

< One 19-oz can (539 grams) at 65% and 94% component content per brake job, which is the averagechlorinated can size and usage rate supported by the site visits, the Facility Survey, and the NortonStudy.

< Facility operating schedule of 2964 hours per year (57 hours per week), which is the average operatingschedule reported during the site visits.

< No more than one brake job per hour for facility G-01; no more than 2 brake jobs perhour for facilities G-02 and G-03. Based on the operating hours at a facility, the estimated number ofservice bays, and the reported jobs per week, multiple brake jobs can occur simultaneously at the G-02and G-03 facilities. This estimate affects acute health impacts.

< Polar receptor network, centered on source centroid, with 2160 receptors (polar network consists of 60radials separated by angular distances of 6 degrees and having receptors at the following radial distances:20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600,700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, and 23000 meters).

D-24

The generic facilities considered a number of scenarios. Table D-27 summarizes themodeling scenarios that were considered under generic facility modeling.

Table D-27. Representative Product Formulations Used in Generic Facility Modeling

Product Category

Brake Cleaners Carburetor Cleaners Engine Degreasers General Degreasers

All met locations:º 94% Percº 65% PercFour met locations1:º 55% Perc, 25% MeClº 40% Perc, 30% MeCl, 20% TCEº 55% Perc, 43% TCE

Single compositebased on2:

º 68% Percº 57% MeCl


º 47% Percº 99% TCE

Single composite based on2:

º 24% Percº 10% Perc, 86%TCEº 51% MeClº 98% TCE

1. Burbank, Anaheim, Oakland and default met for chronic effects; Fresno, Concord, Mather, and default met for acute effects.2. Composite is based on average of 10 met sets. Default met is considered independently.

For more information on how composite formulations were derived, please see Appendix F.

Due to the volume of data, the multicomponent products were calculated for the met datasets that gave the lowest, mid-range, and highest potential health impacts for acute and chronicemissions. For chronic emissions (cancer and chronic impacts), the met data sets presented areOakland (low), Burbank (mid-range), and Anaheim (high). For acute emissions, the met datasets presented are Mather (low), Fresno (mid-range), and Concord (high). Additionally, defaultmeteorology was considered for each of the multicomponent scenarios and compositeformulations. Any representative formulation listed within this Appendix does not necessarilyrepresent a specific product from a specific manufacturer. Generic facility modeling results aresummarized on pages D-25 through D-204.

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesBrake Cleaners

Facility G-01 - 65% Perc

ConcordMet Set:BurbankMet Set:

0.0973Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:0.0973Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0.0341Ann Rate [g/s]:0.0341Ann Rate [g/s]:

Hazard IndexISC Acute EmisHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]ISC Ann Emis.Distance [m]Hazard IndexISC Acute EmisHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]ISC Ann Emis.Distance [m]

Acute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]CenterAcute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]Center

0.060412417.790.157413.8432.51161.57200.060412417.790.158513.9332.73162.6620

0.04509254.670.08407.3817.3486.18300.04509254.670.08427.4017.3886.3830

0.03467114.910.05224.5910.7853.59400.03467114.910.05214.5810.7753.5140

0.02745625.450.03563.137.3636.58500.02745625.450.03553.127.3336.4350

0.02224555.430.02592.285.3526.58600.02224555.430.02572.265.3126.4160

0.01543163.520.01551.363.1915.87800.01543163.520.01531.353.1615.7180

0.01132329.10.01030.902.1210.551000.01132329.10.01010.892.0910.41100

0.00621281.780.00480.421.004.951500.00621281.780.00470.420.984.86150

0.0040820.220.00280.240.582.862000.0040820.220.00270.240.572.81200

0.0028575.610.00180.160.381.872500.0028575.610.00180.160.371.83250

0.0009189.470.00050.040.100.495000.0009189.470.00050.040.100.48500

0.000364.580.00010.010.030.1410000.000364.580.00010.010.020.121000

LAXMet Set:FresnoMet Set:





0.04088382.670.09208.0818.9994.40200.054311155.50.126911.1626.21130.2920

0.02925996.680.04934.3310.1850.61300.04098402.650.06715.9013.8668.8730

0.02244610.190.03072.706.3431.53400.03176521.950.04143.648.5442.4640

0.01773645.080.02101.844.3321.53500.02525186.310.02802.465.7928.7850

0.01442951.750.01521.343.1515.65600.02054214.740.02031.784.1820.7960

0.01002049.840.00910.801.889.34800.01432937.50.01201.052.4712.2980

0.00731509.170.00600.531.256.201000.01052165.550.00790.691.638.11100

0.0046953.490.00280.250.592.911500.00581191.610.00370.320.763.76150

0.0036744.040.00160.140.341.682000.0037761.380.00210.180.432.16200

0.0030611.790.00110.090.221.102500.0026533.410.00140.120.281.40250

0.0016331.070.00030.020.060.295000.0008174.250.00040.030.070.36500

0.0009181.350.00010.010.020.0810000.000358.670.00010.010.020.091000

D-25

Facility G-01 - 65% Perc(cont.)

MatherMet Set:McClellanMet Set:





0.04128470.50.09408.2719.4296.52200.053611007.620.09858.6520.33101.0520

0.02805762.290.04964.3610.2550.95300.04138490.170.05204.5710.7453.3730

0.02174464.60.03062.696.3231.40400.03246665.940.03212.826.6332.9340

0.01723545.550.02071.824.2821.29500.02605343.610.02181.914.4922.3450

0.01402878.60.01501.323.0915.38600.02134368.460.01571.383.2516.1560

0.00972004.050.00890.781.839.10800.01493069.770.00930.821.939.5780

0.00721477.560.00580.511.216.001000.01112275.440.00620.541.276.32100

0.0040819.70.00270.240.562.781500.00611262.340.00290.250.592.93150

0.0026527.320.00160.140.321.602000.0039810.410.00160.140.341.69200

0.0018371.220.00100.090.211.032500.0028569.610.00110.090.221.09250

0.0006122.780.00030.020.050.275000.0009187.810.00030.020.060.28500

0.000241.910.00010.010.010.0710000.000363.950.00010.010.010.071000

ReddingMet Set:OaklandMet Set:





0.055511399.880.10979.6422.65112.58200.051210519.950.08947.8518.4591.7120

0.04198620.940.05825.1212.0259.73300.03908021.080.04794.219.8949.1730

0.03256686.720.03603.177.4436.97400.03066281.760.02992.626.1730.6540

0.02595317.30.02452.155.0625.14500.02455029.680.02041.794.2120.9450

0.02104322.640.01771.563.6618.21600.02004106.190.01481.303.0615.2260

0.014730160.01050.932.1710.81800.01402877.440.00890.781.839.0980

0.01082226.160.00700.611.447.161000.01032127.420.00590.521.226.04100

0.00601228.450.00320.290.673.331500.00571174.140.00280.240.572.83150

0.0038789.260.00190.160.391.922000.0037750.860.00160.140.331.64200

0.0027555.620.00120.110.251.252500.0026526.140.00100.090.221.07250

0.0009183.770.00030.030.060.325000.0008171.690.00030.020.060.28500

0.000362.720.00010.010.020.0810000.000357.640.00010.010.010.071000

D-26


AnaheimMet Set:SacramentoMet Set:





0.060412413.440.213418.7644.06219.02200.054511198.970.10299.0421.25105.6120

0.04509249.490.11309.9323.33115.95300.04158535.410.05454.7911.2655.9830

0.03467109.620.06976.1314.4071.59400.03246652.150.03372.966.9734.6240

0.02735620.40.04734.169.7848.59500.02585306.720.02292.014.7323.5250

0.02214550.740.03423.017.0735.13600.02104323.840.01661.463.4317.0360

0.01543159.60.02031.784.1920.81800.01473025.890.00980.862.0310.1080

0.01132325.830.01341.182.7713.751000.01092237.710.00650.571.346.68100

0.00621279.620.00620.551.286.381500.00601238.170.00300.270.633.11150

0.0040818.680.00360.310.743.672000.0039794.140.00170.150.361.79200

0.0028574.450.00230.200.482.382500.0027557.980.00110.100.231.16250

0.0009189.330.00060.050.120.615000.0009184.010.00030.030.060.30500

0.000364.550.00020.010.030.1610000.000362.750.00010.010.020.081000

Default - 0Met Set:

0.0973Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0.0341Ann Rate [g/s]:

Hazard IndexISC Acute EmisHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]ISC Ann Emis.Distance [m]

Acute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]Envelope

0.055211342.730.299126.2961.77307.0320

0.04138496.330.224119.7046.27229.9830

0.03206579.110.173515.2535.83178.0940

0.02555238.720.138212.1428.53141.8050

0.02084269.330.11269.9023.25115.5660

0.01462995.850.07906.9516.3281.0980

0.01082223.110.05865.1512.1160.18100

0.00601239.310.03272.876.7533.55150

0.0039799.090.02111.854.3521.63200

0.0027563.570.01491.313.0715.25250

0.0009187.510.00490.431.025.08500

0.000364.260.00170.150.351.741000

D-27








0.087412417.790.228020.0547.09161.57200.087412417.790.229620.1847.41162.6620

0.06519254.670.121610.6925.1286.18300.06519254.670.121910.7225.1886.3830

0.05017114.910.07566.6515.6253.59400.05017114.910.07556.6415.6053.5140

0.03965625.450.05164.5410.6636.58500.03965625.450.05144.5210.6236.4350

0.03204555.430.03753.307.7526.58600.03204555.430.03733.287.7026.4160

0.02233163.520.02241.974.6315.87800.02233163.520.02221.954.5815.7180

0.01642329.10.01491.313.0710.551000.01642329.10.01471.293.0310.41100

0.00901281.780.00700.611.444.951500.00901281.780.00690.601.424.86150

0.0058820.220.00400.350.832.862000.0058820.220.00400.350.822.81200

0.0040575.610.00260.230.551.872500.0040575.610.00260.230.531.83250

0.0013189.470.00070.060.140.495000.0013189.470.00070.060.140.48500

0.000564.580.00020.020.040.1410000.000564.580.00020.010.030.121000






0.05908382.670.133211.7127.5194.40200.078511155.50.183916.1637.97130.2920

0.04225996.680.07146.2814.7550.61300.05918402.650.09728.5420.0768.8730

0.03244610.190.04453.919.1931.53400.04596521.950.05995.2712.3842.4640

0.02563645.080.03042.676.2821.53500.03655186.310.04063.578.3928.7850

0.02082951.750.02211.944.5615.65600.02974214.740.02932.586.0620.7960

0.01442049.840.01321.162.729.34800.02072937.50.01731.523.5812.2980

0.01061509.170.00880.771.816.201000.01522165.550.01141.012.368.11100

0.0067953.490.00410.360.852.911500.00841191.610.00530.471.103.76150

0.0052744.040.00240.210.491.682000.0054761.380.00300.270.632.16200

0.0043611.790.00160.140.321.102500.0038533.410.00200.170.411.40250

0.0023331.070.00040.040.080.295000.0012174.250.00050.040.100.36500

0.0013181.350.00010.010.020.0810000.000458.670.00010.010.030.091000

D-28







0.05968470.50.136211.9828.1396.52200.077411007.620.142612.5429.45101.0520

0.04055762.290.07196.3214.8550.95300.05978490.170.07536.6215.5653.3730

0.03144464.60.04433.909.1531.40400.04696665.940.04654.099.6032.9340

0.02493545.550.03002.646.2121.29500.03765343.610.03152.776.5122.3450

0.02032878.60.02171.914.4815.38600.03074368.460.02282.004.7116.1560

0.01412004.050.01281.132.659.10800.02163069.770.01351.192.799.5780

0.01041477.560.00850.741.756.001000.01602275.440.00890.781.846.32100

0.0058819.70.00390.340.812.781500.00891262.340.00410.360.852.93150

0.0037527.320.00230.200.471.602000.0057810.410.00240.210.491.69200

0.0026371.220.00150.130.301.032500.0040569.610.00150.140.321.09250

0.0009122.780.00040.030.080.275000.0013187.810.00040.030.080.28500

0.000341.910.00010.010.020.0710000.000463.950.00010.010.020.071000






0.080211399.880.158913.9732.81112.58200.074010519.950.129411.3826.7391.7120

0.06068620.940.08437.4117.4159.73300.05648021.080.06946.1014.3349.1730

0.04706686.720.05224.5910.7836.97400.04426281.760.04333.808.9330.6540

0.03745317.30.03553.127.3325.14500.03545029.680.02962.606.1020.9450

0.03044322.640.02572.265.3118.21600.02894106.190.02151.894.4415.2260

0.021230160.01531.343.1510.81800.02022877.440.01281.132.659.0980

0.01572226.160.01010.892.097.161000.01502127.420.00850.751.766.04100

0.00861228.450.00470.410.973.331500.00831174.140.00400.350.822.83150

0.0056789.260.00270.240.561.922000.0053750.860.00230.200.481.64200

0.0039555.620.00180.160.361.252500.0037526.140.00150.130.311.07250

0.0013183.770.00050.040.090.325000.0012171.690.00040.030.080.28500

0.000462.720.00010.010.020.0810000.000457.640.00010.010.020.071000

D-29







0.087312413.440.309127.1763.84219.02200.078811198.970.149113.1030.78105.6120

0.06519249.490.163714.3933.79115.95300.06008535.410.07906.9516.3255.9830

0.05007109.620.10108.8820.8771.59400.04686652.150.04894.3010.0934.6240

0.03955620.40.06866.0314.1648.59500.03735306.720.03322.926.8623.5250

0.03204550.740.04964.3610.2435.13600.03044323.840.02402.114.9617.0360

0.02223159.60.02942.586.0720.81800.02133025.890.01431.252.9410.1080

0.01642325.830.01941.714.0113.751000.01572237.710.00940.831.956.68100

0.00901279.620.00900.791.866.381500.00871238.170.00440.390.913.11150

0.0058818.680.00520.461.073.672000.0056794.140.00250.220.521.79200

0.0040574.450.00340.300.692.382500.0039557.980.00160.140.341.16250

0.0013189.330.00090.080.180.615000.0013184.010.00040.040.090.30500

0.000564.550.00020.020.050.1610000.000462.750.00010.010.020.081000

Default - 0Met Set:





0.079811342.730.433438.0989.49307.0320

0.05988496.330.324628.5367.03229.9830

0.04636579.110.251422.0951.91178.0940

0.03695238.720.200117.5941.33141.8050

0.03004269.330.163114.3433.68115.5660

0.02112995.850.114510.0623.6481.0980

0.01562223.110.08497.4717.5460.18100

0.00871239.310.04734.169.7833.55150

0.0056799.090.03052.686.3021.63200

0.0040563.570.02151.894.4515.25250

0.0013187.510.00720.631.485.08500

0.000564.260.00250.220.511.741000

D-30








0.05385532.860.284625.0258.7797.28200.05385528.380.286325.1759.1397.8720

0.04714845.410.208718.3443.0971.32300.04714845.410.210518.5143.4871.9630

0.03944048.280.135111.8827.9146.19400.03944048.280.135911.9528.0646.4540

0.03333418.070.09448.3019.5032.27500.03333418.070.09478.3219.5632.3750

0.02842918.050.06976.1314.4023.83600.02842918.050.06976.1314.4023.8360

0.02132193.50.04253.748.7814.54800.02132193.50.04243.728.7514.4880

0.01661708.420.02872.525.929.801000.01661708.420.02852.505.889.73100

0.01001026.40.01381.212.844.701500.01001026.40.01361.192.804.64150

0.0067690.620.00800.711.662.752000.0067690.620.00790.701.642.71200

0.0049500.60.00530.471.091.812500.0049500.60.00520.461.071.77250

0.0017176.690.00140.120.290.485000.0017176.690.00140.120.280.47500

0.000662.470.00040.040.080.1410000.000662.470.00040.030.070.121000






0.04324438.480.135211.8827.9246.21200.05015150.550.212018.6443.7872.4720

0.03243329.40.122110.7325.2141.73300.04214329.740.168114.7834.7257.4630

0.02552623.130.07956.9916.4227.17400.03543636.070.10839.5222.3737.0240

0.02152214.780.05564.8911.4919.02500.03003085.180.07526.6115.5325.7150

0.01841890.780.04113.628.4914.06600.02582652.230.05524.8511.4018.8760

0.01381421.310.02512.215.188.58800.01962011.930.03342.936.8911.4080

0.01131161.720.01691.493.505.791000.01531575.290.02231.964.607.62100

0.0084864.80.00810.711.672.771500.0093951.660.01050.932.173.60150

0.0067690.470.00470.420.981.622000.0062641.050.00610.541.262.09200

0.0056576.010.00310.280.651.072500.0045464.480.00400.350.821.36250

0.0031321.350.00080.070.180.295000.0016162.910.00100.090.210.35500

0.0017178.820.00020.020.050.0810000.000656.880.00030.020.050.091000

D-31







0.03693794.230.169414.8934.9857.90200.04814940.310.187916.5138.7964.2120

0.03283373.60.124810.9725.7842.67300.04094201.410.130911.5027.0244.7330

0.02512579.420.08037.0616.5827.44400.03513602.760.08417.3917.3728.7540

0.02062118.710.05574.9011.5119.05500.03023101.330.05845.1412.0719.9750

0.01771819.330.04093.598.4413.97600.02612686.930.04293.778.8614.6660

0.01341377.520.02472.175.108.44800.02012061.660.02592.285.358.8680

0.01051077.140.01651.453.415.641000.01581627.160.01741.533.595.94100

0.0063649.650.00780.681.612.661500.0097995.280.00820.721.702.81150

0.0043438.540.00450.400.941.552000.0066675.350.00480.420.981.63200

0.0031319.330.00300.260.611.012500.0048491.770.00310.270.641.06250

0.0011113.980.00080.070.160.265000.0017174.750.00080.070.170.28500

0.000440.480.00020.020.040.0710000.000661.830.00020.020.040.071000






0.05125262.770.200317.6141.3768.47200.04564685.590.141312.4229.1948.3120

0.04294405.790.145812.8230.1149.83300.03924028.180.118810.4424.5340.6030

0.03623722.070.09418.2719.4332.16400.03353439.110.07736.7915.9626.4140

0.03083168.630.06555.7613.5222.38500.02862941.660.05414.7611.1818.5050

0.02652722.050.04824.239.9416.46600.02462531.880.04003.528.2613.6760

0.02012063.90.02922.576.049.99800.01891940.790.02442.155.048.3580

0.01571616.30.01961.724.056.701000.01491529.510.01651.453.405.63100

0.0095978.010.00930.821.923.181500.0091931.70.00790.691.632.70150

0.0064660.080.00540.481.121.862000.0061629.790.00460.410.951.58200

0.0047479.170.00350.310.731.212500.0044457.070.00300.270.631.04250

0.0017170.60.00090.080.190.325000.0016160.490.00080.070.170.28500

0.000660.590.00020.020.050.0810000.000555.890.00020.020.040.071000

D-32







0.05305444.380.367732.3275.94125.69200.04945079.250.185316.2938.2663.3320

0.04714844.110.282824.8658.4096.66300.04194307.480.136712.0228.2346.7330

0.03944046.70.182416.0337.6662.33400.03563660.840.08827.7518.2130.1440

0.03323416.340.126811.1426.1843.33500.03053130.220.06135.3912.6620.9650

0.02842916.250.09328.1919.2431.84600.02632698.020.04513.969.3115.4160

0.02132191.720.05634.9511.6419.26800.02002055.280.02732.405.649.3480

0.01661706.750.03773.327.7912.901000.01571614.560.01831.613.796.27100

0.01001025.070.01791.573.696.111500.0095981.410.00870.761.792.97150

0.0067689.560.01040.912.143.552000.0065664.040.00510.441.051.73200

0.0049499.750.00680.601.402.322500.0047482.830.00330.290.681.13250

0.0017176.330.00180.150.360.605000.0017171.30.00090.080.180.30500

0.000662.420.00050.040.100.1610000.000660.660.00020.020.050.081000

Default - 0Met Set:





0.05135276.510.417936.7386.29142.8320

0.04244358.640.345230.3471.28117.9830

0.03553649.090.289025.4059.6898.7840

0.03013094.790.245121.5450.6183.7750

0.02582656.010.210318.4943.4471.8960

0.01962017.700.159814.0533.0054.6280

0.01541586.220.125611.0425.9442.94100

0.0094969.720.07686.7515.8626.25150

0.0064659.990.05234.5910.7917.86200

0.0047482.190.03823.367.8913.05250

0.0017173.330.01371.212.834.69500

0.000661.900.00490.431.011.681000

D-33








0.07795532.860.411636.1885.0097.28200.07785528.380.414136.4085.5297.8720

0.06824845.410.301826.5362.3271.32300.06824845.410.304526.7762.8871.9630

0.05704048.280.195417.1840.3646.19400.05704048.280.196517.2840.5946.4540

0.04813418.070.136512.0028.2032.27500.04813418.070.137012.0428.2832.3750

0.04112918.050.10088.8620.8223.83600.04112918.050.10088.8620.8223.8360

0.03092193.50.06155.4112.7014.54800.03092193.50.06135.3912.6514.4880

0.02401708.420.04153.658.569.801000.02401708.420.04123.628.509.73100

0.01441026.40.01991.754.114.701500.01441026.40.01961.734.054.64150

0.0097690.620.01161.022.402.752000.0097690.620.01151.012.372.71200

0.0070500.60.00770.671.581.812500.0070500.60.00750.661.551.77250

0.0025176.690.00200.180.420.485000.0025176.690.00200.170.410.47500

0.000962.470.00060.050.120.1410000.000962.470.00050.040.100.121000






0.06254438.480.195517.1940.3846.21200.07255150.550.306726.9663.3272.4720

0.04693329.40.176615.5236.4641.73300.06094329.740.243121.3750.2157.4630

0.03692623.130.115010.1123.7427.17400.05123636.070.156613.7732.3537.0240

0.03122214.780.08057.0716.6219.02500.04343085.180.10889.5622.4725.7150

0.02661890.780.05955.2312.2914.06600.03732652.230.07987.0216.4918.8760

0.02001421.310.03633.197.508.58800.02832011.930.04824.249.9611.4080

0.01641161.720.02452.155.065.791000.02221575.290.03222.836.667.62100

0.0122864.80.01171.032.422.771500.0134951.660.01521.343.153.60150

0.0097690.470.00690.601.421.622000.0090641.050.00880.781.832.09200

0.0081576.010.00450.400.931.072500.0065464.480.00580.511.191.36250

0.0045321.350.00120.110.250.295000.0023162.910.00150.130.310.35500

0.0025178.820.00030.030.070.0810000.000856.880.00040.030.080.091000

D-34







0.05343794.230.245021.5450.5957.90200.06954940.310.271723.8856.1164.2120

0.04753373.60.180615.8737.2842.67300.05914201.410.189316.6439.0844.7330

0.03632579.420.116110.2123.9827.44400.05073602.760.121710.6925.1228.7540

0.02982118.710.08067.0916.6519.05500.04373101.330.08457.4317.4519.9750

0.02561819.330.05915.2012.2113.97600.03782686.930.06205.4512.8114.6660

0.01941377.520.03573.147.378.44800.02902061.660.03753.307.748.8680

0.01521077.140.02392.104.935.641000.02291627.160.02512.215.195.94100

0.0091649.650.01130.992.322.661500.0140995.280.01191.052.462.81150

0.0062438.540.00660.581.351.552000.0095675.350.00690.611.421.63200

0.0045319.330.00430.380.881.012500.0069491.770.00450.390.931.06250

0.0016113.980.00110.100.230.265000.0025174.750.00120.100.240.28500

0.000640.480.00030.030.060.0710000.000961.830.00030.030.060.071000






0.07415262.770.289725.4759.8368.47200.06594685.590.204417.9742.2148.3120

0.06204405.790.210918.5343.5449.83300.05674028.180.171815.1035.4840.6030

0.05243722.070.136111.9628.1032.16400.04843439.110.11189.8223.0826.4140

0.04463168.630.09478.3219.5622.38500.04142941.660.07836.8816.1718.5050

0.03832722.050.06966.1214.3816.46600.03562531.880.05785.0811.9413.6760

0.02902063.90.04233.728.739.99800.02731940.790.03533.117.308.3580

0.02271616.30.02842.495.856.701000.02151529.510.02382.094.925.63100

0.0138978.010.01351.182.783.181500.0131931.70.01141.002.362.70150

0.0093660.080.00790.691.631.862000.0089629.790.00670.591.381.58200

0.0067479.170.00510.451.061.212500.0064457.070.00440.390.911.04250

0.0024170.60.00140.120.280.325000.0023160.490.00120.100.240.28500

0.000960.590.00030.030.070.0810000.000855.890.00030.030.060.071000

D-35







0.07665444.380.531846.75109.83125.69200.07155079.250.268023.5655.3463.3320

0.06824844.110.409035.9584.4696.66300.06064307.480.197717.3840.8346.7330

0.05704046.70.263723.1854.4662.33400.05153660.840.127511.2126.3430.1440

0.04813416.340.183316.1237.8643.33500.04413130.220.08877.8018.3120.9650

0.04102916.250.134711.8427.8231.84600.03802698.020.06525.7313.4715.4160

0.03082191.720.08157.1616.8319.26800.02892055.280.03953.478.169.3480

0.02401706.750.05464.8011.2712.901000.02271614.560.02652.335.486.27100

0.01441025.070.02592.275.346.111500.0138981.410.01261.102.602.97150

0.0097689.560.01501.323.103.552000.0093664.040.00730.641.511.73200

0.0070499.750.00980.862.032.322500.0068482.830.00480.420.991.13250

0.0025176.330.00250.220.520.605000.0024171.30.00130.110.260.30500

0.000962.420.00070.060.140.1610000.000960.660.00030.030.070.081000

Default - 0Met Set:





0.07435276.510.604453.13124.80142.8320

0.06134358.640.499243.88103.09117.9830

0.05143649.090.418036.7486.3198.7840

0.04363094.790.354531.1673.2083.7750

0.03742656.010.304226.7462.8271.8960

0.02842017.700.231120.3147.7254.6280

0.02231586.220.181715.9737.5242.94100

0.0136969.720.11119.7622.9426.25150

0.0093659.990.07566.6415.6117.86200

0.0068482.190.05524.8511.4013.05250

0.0024173.330.01991.754.104.69500

0.000961.900.00710.621.461.681000

D-36








0.01311344.830.05354.7011.0418.28200.01311344.250.05244.6110.8217.9120

0.01911964.950.122210.7425.2441.78300.01911964.950.123510.8525.5042.2030

0.01661702.10.10379.1221.4235.45400.01661702.10.10499.2221.6735.8740

0.02572643.950.09638.4719.8932.92500.02572640.90.09668.4919.9433.0150

0.02432498.240.07846.8916.1826.78600.02432498.240.07876.9216.2626.9160

0.01861915.640.04594.049.4915.70800.01861915.640.04594.039.4715.6880

0.01471511.070.03022.666.2410.331000.01471511.070.03012.646.2110.28100

0.0090927.460.01411.242.914.821500.0090927.460.01391.222.884.76150

0.0062633.440.00820.721.692.792000.0062633.440.00800.711.662.75200

0.0045464.370.00540.471.111.832500.0045464.370.00520.461.081.79250

0.00161690.00140.120.290.485000.00161690.00140.120.280.47500

0.0006610.00040.040.080.1410000.0006610.00040.030.070.121000






0.0097993.390.05414.7511.1618.48200.01231266.240.05885.1712.1420.0920

0.01241273.210.07506.6015.5025.65300.01621668.130.10098.8720.8434.5030

0.01071102.90.05224.5910.7717.83400.01431472.590.07646.7115.7726.1040

0.01671712.710.04774.199.8416.29500.01881934.450.07116.2514.6924.3150

0.01581618.760.04483.949.2515.31600.01701746.520.06125.3812.6420.9260

0.01211241.260.02682.355.539.15800.01371403.390.03593.157.4112.2680

0.0095979.110.01771.563.666.061000.01141167.810.02352.064.858.02100

0.0071728.70.00830.731.722.841500.0074760.670.01080.952.233.69150

0.0058601.140.00480.421.001.652000.0051527.810.00620.551.282.12200

0.0050517.170.00320.280.651.082500.0038395.540.00400.350.831.37250

0.0030306.220.00080.070.180.295000.0015151.490.00100.090.210.35500

0.0017175.030.00020.020.050.0810000.000555.110.00030.020.050.091000

D-37







0.0093958.090.03352.956.9211.46200.01291324.960.02622.305.418.9520

0.01261290.220.07336.4415.1425.06300.01511554.150.07596.6715.6725.9330

0.01211240.560.06085.3412.5520.77400.01451492.440.06755.9313.9323.0640

0.01691734.690.05644.9611.6519.28500.01721764.810.06255.4912.9021.3650

0.01511546.970.04614.059.5215.76600.01541581.780.04904.3110.1216.7560

0.01031057.880.02682.355.539.15800.01181214.970.02822.485.839.6580

0.0077790.980.01751.543.615.971000.01011033.690.01841.623.806.29100

0.0051526.980.00800.701.662.741500.0068699.040.00850.741.752.89150

0.0036374.120.00460.400.951.572000.0050517.130.00490.431.001.66200

0.0027280.030.00300.260.621.022500.0039398.90.00320.280.651.08250

0.0010105.060.00080.070.160.265000.0015159.290.00080.070.170.28500

0.000438.590.00020.020.040.0710000.000659.420.00020.020.040.071000






0.01171203.970.03483.067.2011.91200.01211242.490.04564.019.4115.5820

0.01681727.120.08557.5217.6629.23300.01421456.60.07216.3414.8924.6530

0.01481517.850.07326.4315.1225.02400.01421455.870.05364.7111.0718.3240

0.02062116.060.06765.9513.9723.12500.01671716.380.04914.3210.1416.7950

0.01811858.140.05464.8011.2818.67600.01581622.230.04413.879.1015.0660

0.01471510.930.03172.796.5510.84800.01211243.920.02622.305.418.9580

0.01191227.090.02071.824.287.091000.0095981.210.01731.523.575.91100

0.0076776.750.00960.841.983.271500.0065669.930.00810.711.672.76150

0.0054553.960.00550.481.141.882000.0047487.140.00470.410.971.60200

0.0041416.480.00360.320.741.232500.0036367.880.00310.270.631.05250

0.0015158.330.00090.080.190.325000.0014145.980.00080.070.170.28500

0.000657.910.00020.020.050.0810000.000553.80.00020.020.040.071000

D-38







0.01311343.620.09118.0118.8231.15200.01261295.570.03793.337.8212.9520

0.01911964.470.168914.8534.8857.73300.01601644.390.08127.1416.7727.7630

0.01661701.540.131511.5627.1644.96400.01411452.280.06675.8713.7822.8140

0.02572643.730.122810.8025.3641.98500.01831884.880.06225.4712.8421.2650

0.02432497.420.10389.1221.4435.48600.01651690.830.05084.4710.4917.3760

0.01861914.710.06075.3412.5420.76800.01341379.120.02962.606.1110.1280

0.01471510.10.03983.508.2113.591000.01101135.350.01941.704.006.62100

0.0090926.570.01831.613.786.261500.0073749.730.00890.781.843.05150

0.0062632.670.01050.932.173.602000.0053542.550.00510.451.061.76200

0.0045463.720.00680.601.412.342500.0040411.470.00330.290.691.14250

0.0016168.650.00180.160.370.615000.0015159.010.00090.080.180.30500

0.000660.830.00050.040.100.1610000.000658.650.00020.020.050.081000

Default - 0Met Set:





0.02672744.960.217419.1144.8974.3020

0.02322385.450.188916.6139.0164.5730

0.02032088.050.165414.5434.1556.5240

0.01791841.400.145812.8230.1149.8450

0.01591635.590.129511.3926.7544.2760

0.01281315.960.10429.1621.5235.6280

0.01051083.100.08587.5417.7129.32100

0.0070718.690.05695.0011.7519.45150

0.0050516.250.04093.598.4413.97200

0.0038391.810.03102.736.4110.61250

0.0015154.560.01221.082.534.18500

0.000658.400.00460.410.961.581000

D-39








0.01891344.830.07746.8015.9718.28200.01891344.250.07586.6615.6517.9120

0.02771964.950.176815.5436.5141.78300.02771964.950.178615.7036.8742.2030

0.02401702.10.150013.1930.9835.45400.02401702.10.151813.3431.3435.8740

0.03722643.950.139312.2428.7732.92500.03722640.90.139712.2828.8433.0150

0.03522498.240.11339.9623.4026.78600.03522498.240.113910.0123.5126.9160

0.02701915.640.06645.8413.7215.70800.02701915.640.06635.8313.7015.6880

0.02131511.070.04373.849.0310.331000.02131511.070.04353.828.9810.28100

0.0131927.460.02041.794.214.821500.0131927.460.02011.774.164.76150

0.0089633.440.01181.042.442.792000.0089633.440.01161.022.402.75200

0.0065464.370.00770.681.601.832500.0065464.370.00760.671.561.79250

0.00241690.00200.180.420.485000.00241690.00200.170.410.47500

0.0009610.00060.050.120.1410000.0009610.00050.040.100.121000






0.0140993.390.07826.8716.1518.48200.01781266.240.08507.4717.5520.0920

0.01791273.210.10859.5422.4125.65300.02351668.130.146012.8330.1534.5030

0.01551102.90.07546.6315.5817.83400.02071472.590.11049.7122.8126.1040

0.02411712.710.06896.0614.2316.29500.02721934.450.10299.0421.2424.3150

0.02281618.760.06485.6913.3815.31600.02461746.520.08857.7818.2820.9260

0.01751241.260.03873.408.009.15800.01981403.390.05194.5610.7112.2680

0.0138979.110.02562.255.306.061000.01641167.810.03392.987.018.02100

0.0103728.70.01201.062.482.841500.0107760.670.01561.373.223.69150

0.0085601.140.00700.611.441.652000.0074527.810.00900.791.852.12200

0.0073517.170.00460.400.941.082500.0056395.540.00580.511.201.37250

0.0043306.220.00120.110.250.295000.0021151.490.00150.130.310.35500

0.0025175.030.00030.030.070.0810000.000855.110.00040.030.080.091000

D-40







0.0135958.090.04854.2610.0111.46200.01861324.960.03793.337.828.9520

0.01821290.220.10609.3221.9025.06300.02191554.150.10979.6422.6625.9330

0.01751240.560.08797.7318.1520.77400.02101492.440.09768.5820.1523.0640

0.02441734.690.08167.1716.8519.28500.02481764.810.09047.9418.6621.3650

0.02181546.970.06675.8613.7715.76600.02231581.780.07096.2314.6416.7560

0.01491057.880.03873.408.009.15800.01711214.970.04083.598.439.6580

0.0111790.980.02532.225.225.971000.01451033.690.02662.345.506.29100

0.0074526.980.01161.022.392.741500.0098699.040.01221.072.532.89150

0.0053374.120.00660.581.371.572000.0073517.130.00700.621.451.66200

0.0039280.030.00430.380.891.022500.0056398.90.00460.400.941.08250

0.0015105.060.00110.100.230.265000.0022159.290.00120.100.240.28500

0.000538.590.00030.030.060.0710000.000859.420.00030.030.060.071000






0.01691203.970.05044.4310.4111.91200.01751242.490.06595.8013.6115.5820

0.02431727.120.123710.8725.5429.23300.02051456.60.10439.1721.5424.6530

0.02141517.850.10599.3121.8625.02400.02051455.870.07756.8116.0118.3240

0.02982116.060.09788.6020.2023.12500.02421716.380.07106.2514.6716.7950

0.02621858.140.07906.9416.3118.67600.02281622.230.06375.6013.1615.0660

0.02131510.930.04594.039.4710.84800.01751243.920.03793.337.828.9580

0.01731227.090.03002.646.207.091000.0138981.210.02502.205.165.91100

0.0109776.750.01381.222.863.271500.0094669.930.01171.032.412.76150

0.0078553.960.00800.701.641.882000.0069487.140.00680.601.401.60200

0.0059416.480.00520.461.071.232500.0052367.880.00440.390.921.05250

0.0022158.330.00140.120.280.325000.0021145.980.00120.100.240.28500

0.000857.910.00030.030.070.0810000.000853.80.00030.030.060.071000

D-41







0.01891343.620.131811.5927.2231.15200.01821295.570.05484.8211.3212.9520

0.02761964.470.244321.4750.4457.73300.02311644.390.117510.3324.2627.7630

0.02391701.540.190216.7239.2944.96400.02041452.280.09658.4819.9322.8140

0.03722643.730.177615.6136.6841.98500.02651884.880.09007.9118.5821.2650

0.03522497.420.150113.2031.0035.48600.02381690.830.07356.4615.1817.3760

0.02691914.710.08787.7218.1420.76800.01941379.120.04283.768.8410.1280

0.02131510.10.05755.0511.8713.591000.01601135.350.02802.465.786.62100

0.0130926.570.02652.335.476.261500.0106749.730.01291.132.673.05150

0.0089632.670.01521.343.153.602000.0076542.550.00740.651.541.76200

0.0065463.720.00990.872.042.342500.0058411.470.00480.421.001.14250

0.0024168.650.00260.230.530.615000.0022159.010.00130.110.260.30500

0.000960.830.00070.060.140.1610000.000858.650.00030.030.070.081000

Default - 0Met Set:





0.03862744.960.314427.6464.9274.3020

0.03362385.450.273224.0256.4264.5730

0.02942088.050.239221.0249.3956.5240

0.02591841.400.210918.5443.5549.8450

0.02301635.590.187316.4738.6944.2760

0.01851315.960.150713.2531.1335.6280

0.01521083.100.124110.9025.6229.32100

0.0101718.690.08237.2417.0019.45150

0.0073516.250.05915.2012.2113.97200

0.0055391.810.04493.949.2710.61250

0.0022154.560.01771.563.664.18500

0.000858.400.00670.591.381.581000

D-42

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Brake Cleaners - Chronic/Cancer


BurbankMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%

0Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:0.1407Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0Ann Rate [g/s]:0.0494Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.000012417.790.00000.000.00162.66200.087412417.790.229620.1847.41162.6620

0.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.38300.06519254.670.121910.7225.1886.3830

0.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.51400.05017114.910.07556.6415.6053.5140

0.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.43500.03965625.450.05144.5210.6236.4350

0.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.41600.03204555.430.03733.287.7026.4160

0.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.71800.02233163.520.02221.954.5815.7180

0.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.411000.01642329.100.01471.293.0310.41100

0.00001281.780.00000.000.004.861500.00901281.780.00690.601.424.86150

0.0000820.220.00000.000.002.812000.0058820.220.00400.350.822.81200

0.0000575.610.00000.000.001.832500.0040575.610.00260.230.531.83250

0.0000189.470.00000.000.000.485000.0013189.470.00070.060.140.48500

0.000064.580.00000.000.000.1210000.000564.580.00020.010.030.121000

Total Health ImpactsTCE0%

0Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0Ann Rate [g/s]:

Hazard IndexHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]Distance [m]Hazard IndexISC Acute EmisHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]ISC Ann Emis.Distance [m]

AcuteChronicWorkerResidentCenterAcute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]Center

0.08740.229620.1847.41200.000012417.790.00000.000.00162.6620

0.06510.121910.7225.18300.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.3830

0.05010.07556.6415.60400.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.5140

0.03960.05144.5210.62500.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.4350

0.03200.03733.287.70600.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.4160

0.02230.02221.954.58800.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.7180

0.01640.01471.293.031000.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.41100

0.00900.00690.601.421500.00001281.780.00000.000.004.86150

0.00580.00400.350.822000.0000820.220.00000.000.002.81200

0.00400.00260.230.532500.0000575.610.00000.000.001.83250

0.00130.00070.060.145000.0000189.470.00000.000.000.48500

0.00050.00020.010.0310000.000064.580.00000.000.000.121000D-43

Facility G-01 - 55% Perc, 25% MeCl






0.033212417.790.00070.912.13162.66200.051112417.790.134311.8127.74162.6620

0.02479254.670.00040.481.1386.38300.03819254.670.07136.2714.7386.3830

0.01907114.910.00020.300.7053.51400.02937114.910.04423.889.1253.5140

0.01505625.450.00020.200.4836.43500.02315625.450.03012.646.2136.4350

0.01224555.430.00010.150.3526.41600.01874555.430.02181.924.5026.4160

0.00853163.520.00010.090.2115.71800.01303163.520.01301.142.6815.7180

0.00622329.104.5E-050.060.1410.411000.00962329.100.00860.761.7810.41100

0.00341281.782.1E-050.030.064.861500.00531281.780.00400.350.834.86150

0.0022820.221.2E-050.020.042.812000.0034820.220.00230.200.482.81200

0.0015575.618.0E-060.010.021.832500.0024575.610.00150.130.311.83250

0.0005189.472.1E-060.000.010.485000.0008189.470.00040.030.080.48500

0.000264.585.2E-070.000.000.1210000.000364.580.00010.010.020.121000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.08430.135012.7129.87200.000012417.790.00000.000.00162.6620

0.06280.07176.7515.86300.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.3830

0.04830.04444.189.82400.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.5140

0.03820.03022.856.69500.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.4350

0.03090.02192.064.85600.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.4160

0.02150.01301.232.88800.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.7180

0.01580.00860.811.911000.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.41100

0.00870.00400.380.891500.00001281.780.00000.000.004.86150

0.00560.00230.220.522000.0000820.220.00000.000.002.81200

0.00390.00150.140.342500.0000575.610.00000.000.001.83250

0.00130.00040.040.095000.0000189.470.00000.000.000.48500

0.00040.00010.010.0210000.000064.580.00000.000.000.121000

D-44

Facility G-01 - 40% Perc, 30% MeCl, 20% TCE






0.039812417.790.00091.092.57162.66200.037212417.790.09768.5820.15162.6620

0.02979254.670.00050.581.3686.38300.02779254.670.05184.5610.7086.3830

0.02287114.910.00030.360.8553.51400.02137114.910.03212.826.6353.5140

0.01805625.450.00020.250.5836.43500.01685625.450.02191.924.5136.4350

0.01464555.430.00010.180.4226.41600.01364555.430.01581.393.2726.4160

0.01013163.520.00010.110.2515.71800.00953163.520.00940.831.9515.7180

0.00752329.100.00010.070.1610.411000.00702329.100.00620.551.2910.41100

0.00411281.782.6E-050.030.084.861500.00381281.780.00290.260.604.86150

0.0026820.221.5E-050.020.042.812000.0025820.220.00170.150.352.81200

0.0018575.619.6E-060.010.031.832500.0017575.610.00110.100.231.83250

0.0006189.472.5E-060.000.010.485000.0006189.470.00030.030.060.48500

0.000264.586.3E-070.000.000.1210000.000264.580.00010.010.010.121000






0.07700.101111.1326.14200.000012417.790.00271.453.42162.6620

0.05740.05375.9113.88300.00009254.670.00140.771.8186.3830

0.04410.03333.668.60400.00007114.910.00090.481.1253.5140

0.03490.02262.495.85500.00005625.450.00060.330.7736.4350

0.02830.01641.814.24600.00004555.430.00040.240.5526.4160

0.01960.00981.072.52800.00003163.520.00030.140.3315.7180

0.01440.00650.711.671000.00002329.100.00020.090.2210.41100

0.00790.00300.330.781500.00001281.780.00010.040.104.86150

0.00510.00170.190.452000.0000820.224.6E-050.030.062.81200

0.00360.00110.130.292500.0000575.613.0E-050.020.041.83250

0.00120.00030.030.085000.0000189.477.9E-060.000.010.48500

0.00040.00010.010.0210000.000064.582.0E-060.000.000.121000

D-45

Facility G-01 - 55% Perc, 43% TCE






0.000012417.790.00000.000.00162.66200.051112417.790.134311.8127.74162.6620

0.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.38300.03819254.670.07136.2714.7386.3830

0.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.51400.02937114.910.04423.889.1253.5140

0.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.43500.02315625.450.03012.646.2136.4350

0.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.41600.01874555.430.02181.924.5026.4160

0.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.71800.01303163.520.01301.142.6815.7180

0.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.411000.00962329.100.00860.761.7810.41100

0.00001281.780.00000.000.004.861500.00531281.780.00400.350.834.86150

0.0000820.220.00000.000.002.812000.0034820.220.00230.200.482.81200

0.0000575.610.00000.000.001.832500.0024575.610.00150.130.311.83250

0.0000189.470.00000.000.000.485000.0008189.470.00040.030.080.48500

0.000064.580.00000.000.000.1210000.000364.580.00010.010.020.121000






0.05110.140114.9435.09200.000012417.790.00573.137.35162.6620

0.03810.07447.9318.63300.00009254.670.00311.663.9086.3830

0.02930.04614.9111.54400.00007114.910.00191.032.4253.5140

0.02310.03143.357.86500.00005625.450.00130.701.6536.4350

0.01870.02272.435.70600.00004555.430.00090.511.1926.4160

0.01300.01351.443.39800.00003163.520.00060.300.7115.7180

0.00960.00900.962.251000.00002329.100.00040.200.4710.41100

0.00530.00420.451.051500.00001281.780.00020.090.224.86150

0.00340.00240.260.612000.0000820.220.00010.050.132.81200

0.00240.00160.170.392500.0000575.610.00010.040.081.83250

0.00080.00040.040.105000.0000189.471.7E-050.010.020.48500

0.00030.00010.010.0310000.000064.584.2E-060.000.010.121000

D-46


AnaheimMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%





0.000012413.440.00000.000.00219.02200.087312413.440.309127.1763.84219.0220

0.00009249.490.00000.000.00115.95300.06519249.490.163714.3933.79115.9530

0.00007109.620.00000.000.0071.59400.05007109.620.10108.8820.8771.5940

0.00005620.400.00000.000.0048.59500.03955620.400.06866.0314.1648.5950

0.00004550.740.00000.000.0035.13600.03204550.740.04964.3610.2435.1360

0.00003159.600.00000.000.0020.81800.02223159.600.02942.586.0720.8180

0.00002325.830.00000.000.0013.751000.01642325.830.01941.714.0113.75100

0.00001279.620.00000.000.006.381500.00901279.620.00900.791.866.38150

0.0000818.680.00000.000.003.672000.0058818.680.00520.461.073.67200

0.0000574.450.00000.000.002.382500.0040574.450.00340.300.692.38250

0.0000189.330.00000.000.000.615000.0013189.330.00090.080.180.61500

0.000064.550.00000.000.000.1610000.000564.550.00020.020.050.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.08730.309127.1763.84200.000012413.440.00000.000.00219.0220

0.06510.163714.3933.79300.00009249.490.00000.000.00115.9530

0.05000.10108.8820.87400.00007109.620.00000.000.0071.5940

0.03950.06866.0314.16500.00005620.400.00000.000.0048.5950

0.03200.04964.3610.24600.00004550.740.00000.000.0035.1360

0.02220.02942.586.07800.00003159.600.00000.000.0020.8180

0.01640.01941.714.011000.00002325.830.00000.000.0013.75100

0.00900.00900.791.861500.00001279.620.00000.000.006.38150

0.00580.00520.461.072000.0000818.680.00000.000.003.67200

0.00400.00340.300.692500.0000574.450.00000.000.002.38250

0.00130.00090.080.185000.0000189.330.00000.000.000.61500

0.00050.00020.020.0510000.000064.550.00000.000.000.161000

D-47







0.033212413.440.00101.222.87219.02200.051112413.440.180815.9037.35219.0220

0.02479249.490.00050.651.52115.95300.03819249.490.09578.4219.77115.9530

0.01907109.620.00030.400.9471.59400.02937109.620.05915.2012.2171.5940

0.01505620.400.00020.270.6448.59500.02315620.400.04013.538.2948.5950

0.01224550.740.00020.200.4635.13600.01874550.740.02902.555.9935.1360

0.00843159.600.00010.120.2720.81800.01303159.600.01721.513.5520.8180

0.00622325.830.00010.080.1813.751000.00962325.830.01141.002.3413.75100

0.00341279.622.8E-050.040.086.381500.00531279.620.00530.461.096.38150

0.0022818.681.6E-050.020.053.672000.0034818.680.00300.270.633.67200

0.0015574.451.0E-050.010.032.382500.0024574.450.00200.170.412.38250

0.0005189.332.7E-060.000.010.615000.0008189.330.00050.040.100.61500

0.000264.557.0E-070.000.000.1610000.000364.550.00010.010.030.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.08420.181817.1240.21200.000012413.440.00000.000.00219.0220

0.06280.09629.0621.29300.00009249.490.00000.000.00115.9530

0.04820.05945.6013.14400.00007109.620.00000.000.0071.5940

0.03810.04033.808.92500.00005620.400.00000.000.0048.5950

0.03090.02922.756.45600.00004550.740.00000.000.0035.1360

0.02140.01731.633.82800.00003159.600.00000.000.0020.8180

0.01580.01141.072.521000.00002325.830.00000.000.0013.75100

0.00870.00530.501.171500.00001279.620.00000.000.006.38150

0.00560.00300.290.672000.0000818.680.00000.000.003.67200

0.00390.00200.190.442500.0000574.450.00000.000.002.38250

0.00130.00050.050.115000.0000189.330.00000.000.000.61500

0.00040.00010.010.0310000.000064.550.00000.000.000.161000

D-48







0.039812413.440.00121.473.46219.02200.037212413.440.131411.5527.14219.0220

0.02979249.490.00060.781.83115.95300.02779249.490.06966.1214.37115.9530

0.02287109.620.00040.481.1371.59400.02137109.620.04303.788.8771.5940

0.01805620.400.00030.330.7748.59500.01685620.400.02922.566.0248.5950

0.01464550.740.00020.240.5635.13600.01364550.740.02111.854.3535.1360

0.01013159.600.00010.140.3320.81800.00953159.600.01251.102.5820.8180

0.00752325.830.00010.090.2213.751000.00702325.830.00830.731.7013.75100

0.00411279.623.4E-050.040.106.381500.00381279.620.00380.340.796.38150

0.0026818.681.9E-050.020.063.672000.0025818.680.00220.190.453.67200

0.0018574.451.3E-050.020.042.382500.0017574.450.00140.130.292.38250

0.0006189.333.2E-060.000.010.615000.0006189.330.00040.030.080.61500

0.000264.558.4E-070.000.000.1610000.000264.550.00010.010.020.161000






0.07700.136214.9835.20200.000012413.440.00361.964.60219.0220

0.05740.07217.9318.63300.00009249.490.00191.042.43115.9530

0.04410.04454.9011.50400.00007109.620.00120.641.5071.5940

0.03490.03023.327.81500.00005620.400.00080.431.0248.5950

0.02820.02182.405.65600.00004550.740.00060.310.7435.1360

0.01960.01291.423.34800.00003159.600.00030.190.4420.8180

0.01440.00850.942.211000.00002325.830.00020.120.2913.75100

0.00790.00400.441.031500.00001279.620.00010.060.136.38150

0.00510.00230.250.592000.0000818.680.00010.030.083.67200

0.00360.00150.160.382500.0000574.453.9E-050.020.052.38250

0.00120.00040.040.105000.0000189.331.0E-050.010.010.61500

0.00040.00010.010.0310000.000064.552.6E-060.000.000.161000

D-49







0.000012413.440.00000.000.00219.02200.051112413.440.180815.9037.35219.0220

0.00009249.490.00000.000.00115.95300.03819249.490.09578.4219.77115.9530

0.00007109.620.00000.000.0071.59400.02937109.620.05915.2012.2171.5940

0.00005620.400.00000.000.0048.59500.02315620.400.04013.538.2948.5950

0.00004550.740.00000.000.0035.13600.01874550.740.02902.555.9935.1360

0.00003159.600.00000.000.0020.81800.01303159.600.01721.513.5520.8180

0.00002325.830.00000.000.0013.751000.00962325.830.01141.002.3413.75100

0.00001279.620.00000.000.006.381500.00531279.620.00530.461.096.38150

0.0000818.680.00000.000.003.672000.0034818.680.00300.270.633.67200

0.0000574.450.00000.000.002.382500.0024574.450.00200.170.412.38250

0.0000189.330.00000.000.000.615000.0008189.330.00050.040.100.61500

0.000064.550.00000.000.000.1610000.000364.550.00010.010.030.161000






0.05110.188620.1147.24200.000012413.440.00774.219.90219.0220

0.03810.099810.6525.01300.00009249.490.00412.235.24115.9530

0.02930.06166.5715.44400.00007109.620.00251.383.2471.5940

0.02310.04184.4610.48500.00005620.400.00170.932.2048.5950

0.01870.03023.237.58600.00004550.740.00120.681.5935.1360

0.01300.01791.914.49800.00003159.600.00070.400.9420.8180

0.00960.01181.262.971000.00002325.830.00050.260.6213.75100

0.00530.00550.591.381500.00001279.620.00020.120.296.38150

0.00340.00320.340.792000.0000818.680.00010.070.173.67200

0.00240.00200.220.512500.0000574.450.00010.050.112.38250

0.00080.00050.060.135000.0000189.332.2E-050.010.030.61500

0.00030.00010.010.0310000.000064.555.7E-060.000.010.161000

D-50


OaklandMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%





0.000010519.950.00000.000.0091.71200.074010519.950.129411.3826.7391.7120

0.00008021.080.00000.000.0049.17300.05648021.080.06946.1014.3349.1730

0.00006281.760.00000.000.0030.65400.04426281.760.04333.808.9330.6540

0.00005029.680.00000.000.0020.94500.03545029.680.02962.606.1020.9450

0.00004106.190.00000.000.0015.22600.02894106.190.02151.894.4415.2260

0.00002877.440.00000.000.009.09800.02022877.440.01281.132.659.0980

0.00002127.420.00000.000.006.041000.01502127.420.00850.751.766.04100

0.00001174.140.00000.000.002.831500.00831174.140.00400.350.822.83150

0.0000750.860.00000.000.001.642000.0053750.860.00230.200.481.64200

0.0000526.140.00000.000.001.072500.0037526.140.00150.130.311.07250

0.0000171.690.00000.000.000.285000.0012171.690.00040.030.080.28500

0.000057.640.00000.000.000.0710000.000457.640.00010.010.020.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07400.129411.3826.73200.000010519.950.00000.000.0091.7120

0.05640.06946.1014.33300.00008021.080.00000.000.0049.1730

0.04420.04333.808.93400.00006281.760.00000.000.0030.6540

0.03540.02962.606.10500.00005029.680.00000.000.0020.9450

0.02890.02151.894.44600.00004106.190.00000.000.0015.2260

0.02020.01281.132.65800.00002877.440.00000.000.009.0980

0.01500.00850.751.761000.00002127.420.00000.000.006.04100

0.00830.00400.350.821500.00001174.140.00000.000.002.83150

0.00530.00230.200.482000.0000750.860.00000.000.001.64200

0.00370.00150.130.312500.0000526.140.00000.000.001.07250

0.00120.00040.030.085000.0000171.690.00000.000.000.28500

0.00040.00010.010.0210000.000057.640.00000.000.000.071000

D-51







0.028110519.950.00040.511.2091.71200.043310519.950.07576.6615.6491.7120

0.02148021.080.00020.270.6449.17300.03308021.080.04063.578.3849.1730

0.01686281.760.00010.170.4030.65400.02586281.760.02532.225.2330.6540

0.01345029.680.00010.120.2720.94500.02075029.680.01731.523.5720.9450

0.01104106.190.00010.080.2015.22600.01694106.190.01261.102.6015.2260

0.00772877.444.0E-050.050.129.09800.01182877.440.00750.661.559.0980

0.00572127.422.6E-050.030.086.041000.00882127.420.00500.441.036.04100

0.00311174.141.2E-050.020.042.831500.00481174.140.00230.210.482.83150

0.0020750.867.2E-060.010.021.642000.0031750.860.00140.120.281.64200

0.0014526.144.7E-060.010.011.072500.0022526.140.00090.080.181.07250

0.0005171.691.2E-060.000.000.285000.0007171.690.00020.020.050.28500

0.000257.643.1E-070.000.000.0710000.000257.640.00010.010.010.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07140.07617.1716.84200.000010519.950.00000.000.0091.7120

0.05440.04083.849.03300.00008021.080.00000.000.0049.1730

0.04260.02542.405.63400.00006281.760.00000.000.0030.6540

0.03410.01741.643.84500.00005029.680.00000.000.0020.9450

0.02790.01261.192.79600.00004106.190.00000.000.0015.2260

0.01950.00750.711.67800.00002877.440.00000.000.009.0980

0.01440.00500.471.111000.00002127.420.00000.000.006.04100

0.00800.00230.220.521500.00001174.140.00000.000.002.83150

0.00510.00140.130.302000.0000750.860.00000.000.001.64200

0.00360.00090.080.202500.0000526.140.00000.000.001.07250

0.00120.00020.020.055000.0000171.690.00000.000.000.28500

0.00040.00010.010.0110000.000057.640.00000.000.000.071000

D-52







0.033710519.950.00050.621.4591.71200.031510519.950.05504.8411.3691.7120

0.02578021.080.00030.330.7849.17300.02408021.080.02952.596.0949.1730

0.02016281.760.00020.210.4830.65400.01886281.760.01841.623.8030.6540

0.01615029.680.00010.140.3320.94500.01515029.680.01261.102.5920.9450

0.01324106.190.00010.100.2415.22600.01234106.190.00910.801.8915.2260

0.00922877.444.8E-050.060.149.09800.00862877.440.00550.481.139.0980

0.00682127.423.2E-050.040.106.041000.00642127.420.00360.320.756.04100

0.00381174.141.5E-050.020.042.831500.00351174.140.00170.150.352.83150

0.0024750.868.6E-060.010.031.642000.0022750.860.00100.090.201.64200

0.0017526.145.6E-060.010.021.072500.0016526.140.00060.060.131.07250

0.0006171.691.5E-060.000.000.285000.0005171.690.00020.010.030.28500

0.000257.643.7E-070.000.000.0710000.000257.644.2E-050.000.010.071000






0.06520.05706.2714.74200.000010519.950.00150.821.9391.7120

0.04970.03063.367.90300.00008021.080.00080.441.0349.1730

0.03900.01912.104.93400.00006281.760.00050.270.6430.6540

0.03120.01301.433.37500.00005029.680.00030.190.4420.9450

0.02550.00951.042.45600.00004106.190.00020.140.3215.2260

0.01780.00570.621.46800.00002877.440.00010.080.199.0980

0.01320.00380.410.971000.00002127.420.00010.050.136.04100

0.00730.00180.190.451500.00001174.144.6E-050.030.062.83150

0.00470.00100.110.262000.0000750.862.7E-050.010.031.64200

0.00330.00070.070.172500.0000526.141.8E-050.010.021.07250

0.00110.00020.020.045000.0000171.694.6E-060.000.010.28500

0.00044.4E-050.000.0110000.000057.641.1E-060.000.000.071000

D-53







0.000010519.950.00000.000.0091.71200.043310519.950.07576.6615.6491.7120

0.00008021.080.00000.000.0049.17300.03308021.080.04063.578.3849.1730

0.00006281.760.00000.000.0030.65400.02586281.760.02532.225.2330.6540

0.00005029.680.00000.000.0020.94500.02075029.680.01731.523.5720.9450

0.00004106.190.00000.000.0015.22600.01694106.190.01261.102.6015.2260

0.00002877.440.00000.000.009.09800.01182877.440.00750.661.559.0980

0.00002127.420.00000.000.006.041000.00882127.420.00500.441.036.04100

0.00001174.140.00000.000.002.831500.00481174.140.00230.210.482.83150

0.0000750.860.00000.000.001.642000.0031750.860.00140.120.281.64200

0.0000526.140.00000.000.001.072500.0022526.140.00090.080.181.07250

0.0000171.690.00000.000.000.285000.0007171.690.00020.020.050.28500

0.000057.640.00000.000.000.0710000.000257.640.00010.010.010.071000






0.04330.07908.4219.78200.000010519.950.00321.764.1591.7120

0.03300.04234.5110.61300.00008021.080.00170.952.2249.1730

0.02580.02642.816.61400.00006281.760.00110.591.3930.6540

0.02070.01801.924.52500.00005029.680.00070.400.9520.9450

0.01690.01311.403.28600.00004106.190.00050.290.6915.2260

0.01180.00780.831.96800.00002877.440.00030.170.419.0980

0.00880.00520.551.301000.00002127.420.00020.120.276.04100

0.00480.00240.260.611500.00001174.140.00010.050.132.83150

0.00310.00140.150.352000.0000750.860.00010.030.071.64200

0.00220.00090.100.232500.0000526.143.8E-050.020.051.07250

0.00070.00020.030.065000.0000171.699.9E-060.010.010.28500

0.00020.00010.010.0210000.000057.642.5E-060.000.000.071000

D-54


Default -0Met Set:MeCl0%Perc94%




Acute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]EnvelopeAcute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]Envelope

0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.079811342.730.433438.0989.49307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.05988496.330.324628.5367.03229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.04636579.110.251422.0951.91178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.03695238.720.200117.5941.33141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.03004269.330.163114.3433.68115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.02112995.850.114510.0623.6481.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.01562223.110.08497.4717.5460.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00871239.310.04734.169.7833.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0056799.090.03052.686.3021.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0040563.570.02151.894.4515.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0013187.510.00720.631.485.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000564.260.00250.220.511.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:


AcuteChronicWorkerResidentEnvelopeAcute[ug/m^3]ChronicWorkerResident[ug/m^3]Envelope

0.07980.433438.0989.49200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.05980.324628.5367.03300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.04630.251422.0951.91400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.03690.200117.5941.33500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.03000.163114.3433.68600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.02110.114510.0623.64800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.01560.08497.4717.541000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00870.04734.169.781500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00560.03052.686.302000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00400.02151.894.452500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00130.00720.631.485000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00050.00250.220.5110000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-55







0.030311342.730.00131.714.02307.03200.046711342.730.253522.2952.35307.0320

0.02278496.330.00101.283.01229.98300.03508496.330.189916.6939.21229.9830

0.01766579.110.00080.992.33178.09400.02716579.110.147012.9330.37178.0940

0.01405238.720.00060.791.86141.80500.02165238.720.117110.2924.18141.8050

0.01144269.330.00050.641.51115.56600.01764269.330.09548.3919.70115.5660

0.00802995.850.00040.451.0681.09800.01232995.850.06705.8913.8381.0980

0.00592223.110.00030.340.7960.181000.00912223.110.04974.3710.2660.18100

0.00331239.310.00010.190.4433.551500.00511239.310.02772.435.7233.55150

0.0021799.090.00010.120.2821.632000.0033799.090.01791.573.6921.63200

0.0015563.570.00010.090.2015.252500.0023563.570.01261.112.6015.25250

0.0005187.512.2E-050.030.075.085000.0008187.510.00420.370.875.08500

0.000264.267.6E-060.010.021.7410000.000364.260.00140.130.301.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07700.254924.0056.37200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.05770.190917.9842.23300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.04460.147813.9232.70400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.03560.117711.0826.04500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.02900.09599.0321.22600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.02030.06736.3414.89800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.01510.05004.7011.051000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00840.02782.626.161500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00540.01801.693.972000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00380.01271.192.802500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00130.00420.400.935000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00040.00140.140.3210000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-56







0.036411342.730.00162.074.85307.03200.034011342.730.184216.1938.04307.0320

0.02728496.330.00121.553.63229.98300.02548496.330.138012.1328.49229.9830

0.02116579.110.00091.202.81178.09400.01976579.110.10699.3922.06178.0940

0.01685238.720.00070.952.24141.80500.01575238.720.08517.4817.57141.8050

0.01374269.330.00060.781.83115.56600.01284269.330.06936.1014.32115.5660

0.00962995.850.00040.551.2881.09800.00902995.850.04874.2810.0581.0980

0.00712223.110.00030.400.9560.181000.00672223.110.03613.177.4660.18100

0.00401239.310.00020.230.5333.551500.00371239.310.02011.774.1633.55150

0.0026799.090.00010.150.3421.632000.0024799.090.01301.142.6821.63200

0.0018563.570.00010.100.2415.252500.0017563.570.00920.801.8915.25250

0.0006187.512.7E-050.030.085.085000.0006187.510.00300.270.635.08500

0.000264.269.2E-060.010.031.7410000.000264.260.00100.090.221.741000






0.07030.190921.0049.34200.000011342.730.00502.746.45307.0320

0.05270.143015.7336.96300.00008496.330.00382.064.83229.9830

0.04080.110712.1828.62400.00006579.110.00291.593.74178.0940

0.03250.08829.7022.79500.00005238.720.00231.272.98141.8050

0.02650.07187.9118.57600.00004269.330.00191.032.43115.5660

0.01860.05045.5513.03800.00002995.850.00130.721.7081.0980

0.01380.03744.129.671000.00002223.110.00100.541.2660.18100

0.00770.02092.295.391500.00001239.310.00060.300.7033.55150

0.00500.01341.483.482000.0000799.090.00040.190.4521.63200

0.00350.00951.042.452500.0000563.570.00030.140.3215.25250

0.00120.00320.350.825000.0000187.510.00010.050.115.08500

0.00040.00110.120.2810000.000064.262.9E-050.020.041.741000

D-57







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.046711342.730.253522.2952.35307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.03508496.330.189916.6939.21229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.02716579.110.147012.9330.37178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.02165238.720.117110.2924.18141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.01764269.330.09548.3919.70115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.01232995.850.06705.8913.8381.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00912223.110.04974.3710.2660.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00511239.310.02772.435.7233.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0033799.090.01791.573.6921.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0023563.570.01261.112.6015.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0008187.510.00420.370.875.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000364.260.00140.130.301.741000






0.04670.264428.1966.23200.000011342.730.01085.9113.88307.0320

0.03500.198021.1249.61300.00008496.330.00814.4310.40229.9830

0.02710.153316.3538.42400.00006579.110.00633.438.05178.0940

0.02160.122113.0230.59500.00005238.720.00502.736.41141.8050

0.01760.099510.6124.93600.00004269.330.00412.225.22115.5660

0.01230.06987.4517.49800.00002995.850.00291.563.6781.0980

0.00910.05185.5312.981000.00002223.110.00211.162.7260.18100

0.00510.02893.087.241500.00001239.310.00120.651.5233.55150

0.00330.01861.994.672000.0000799.090.00080.420.9821.63200

0.00230.01311.403.292500.0000563.570.00050.290.6915.25250

0.00080.00440.471.095000.0000187.510.00020.100.235.08500

0.00030.00150.160.3810000.000064.260.00010.030.081.741000

D-58

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Brake Cleaners - Acute


FresnoMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%





0.000011155.500.00000.000.00130.29200.078511155.500.183916.1637.97130.2920

0.00008402.650.00000.000.0068.87300.05918402.650.09728.5420.0768.8730

0.00006521.950.00000.000.0042.46400.04596521.950.05995.2712.3842.4640

0.00005186.310.00000.000.0028.78500.03655186.310.04063.578.3928.7850

0.00004214.740.00000.000.0020.79600.02974214.740.02932.586.0620.7960

0.00002937.500.00000.000.0012.29800.02072937.500.01731.523.5812.2980

0.00002165.550.00000.000.008.111000.01522165.550.01141.012.368.11100

0.00001191.610.00000.000.003.761500.00841191.610.00530.471.103.76150

0.0000761.380.00000.000.002.162000.0054761.380.00300.270.632.16200

0.0000533.410.00000.000.001.402500.0038533.410.00200.170.411.40250

0.0000174.250.00000.000.000.365000.0012174.250.00050.040.100.36500

0.000058.670.00000.000.000.0910000.000458.670.00010.010.030.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07850.183916.1637.97200.000011155.500.00000.000.00130.2920

0.05910.09728.5420.07300.00008402.650.00000.000.0068.8730

0.04590.05995.2712.38400.00006521.950.00000.000.0042.4640

0.03650.04063.578.39500.00005186.310.00000.000.0028.7850

0.02970.02932.586.06600.00004214.740.00000.000.0020.7960

0.02070.01731.523.58800.00002937.500.00000.000.0012.2980

0.01520.01141.012.361000.00002165.550.00000.000.008.11100

0.00840.00530.471.101500.00001191.610.00000.000.003.76150

0.00540.00300.270.632000.0000761.380.00000.000.002.16200

0.00380.00200.170.412500.0000533.410.00000.000.001.40250

0.00120.00050.040.105000.0000174.250.00000.000.000.36500

0.00040.00010.010.0310000.000058.670.00000.000.000.091000D-59







0.029811155.500.00060.731.71130.29200.045911155.500.10769.4622.22130.2920

0.02248402.650.00030.380.9068.87300.03468402.650.05695.0011.7468.8730

0.01746521.950.00020.240.5642.46400.02686521.950.03513.087.2442.4640

0.01395186.310.00010.160.3828.78500.02135186.310.02382.094.9128.7850

0.01134214.740.00010.120.2720.79600.01734214.740.01721.513.5420.7960

0.00782937.500.00010.070.1612.29800.01212937.500.01010.892.1012.2980

0.00582165.553.5E-050.050.118.111000.00892165.550.00670.591.388.11100

0.00321191.611.6E-050.020.053.761500.00491191.610.00310.270.643.76150

0.0020761.389.4E-060.010.032.162000.0031761.380.00180.160.372.16200

0.0014533.416.1E-060.010.021.402500.0022533.410.00120.100.241.40250

0.0005174.251.6E-060.000.000.365000.0007174.250.00030.030.060.36500

0.000258.673.9E-070.000.000.0910000.000258.670.00010.010.020.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07570.108210.1823.92200.000011155.500.00000.000.00130.2920

0.05700.05725.3812.65300.00008402.650.00000.000.0068.8730

0.04430.03523.327.80400.00006521.950.00000.000.0042.4640

0.03520.02392.255.28500.00005186.310.00000.000.0028.7850

0.02860.01731.623.82600.00004214.740.00000.000.0020.7960

0.01990.01020.962.26800.00002937.500.00000.000.0012.2980

0.01470.00670.631.491000.00002165.550.00000.000.008.11100

0.00810.00310.290.691500.00001191.610.00000.000.003.76150

0.00520.00180.170.402000.0000761.380.00000.000.002.16200

0.00360.00120.110.262500.0000533.410.00000.000.001.40250

0.00120.00030.030.075000.0000174.250.00000.000.000.36500

0.00040.00010.010.0210000.000058.670.00000.000.000.091000

D-60







0.035811155.500.00070.882.06130.29200.033411155.500.07826.8716.14130.2920

0.02698402.650.00040.461.0968.87300.02528402.650.04133.638.5368.8730

0.02096521.950.00020.290.6742.46400.01956521.950.02552.245.2642.4640

0.01665186.310.00020.190.4528.78500.01555186.310.01731.523.5728.7850

0.01354214.740.00010.140.3320.79600.01264214.740.01251.102.5820.7960

0.00942937.500.00010.080.1912.29800.00882937.500.00740.651.5212.2980

0.00692165.554.3E-050.050.138.111000.00652165.550.00490.431.008.11100

0.00381191.612.0E-050.030.063.761500.00361191.610.00230.200.473.76150

0.0024761.381.1E-050.010.032.162000.0023761.380.00130.110.272.16200

0.0017533.417.4E-060.010.021.402500.0016533.410.00080.070.171.40250

0.0006174.251.9E-060.000.010.365000.0005174.250.00020.020.040.36500

0.000258.674.7E-070.000.000.0910000.000258.670.00010.000.010.091000






0.06920.08108.9120.94200.000011155.500.00211.162.74130.2920

0.05210.04284.7111.07300.00008402.650.00110.621.4568.8730

0.04050.02642.906.82400.00006521.950.00070.380.8942.4640

0.03220.01791.974.62500.00005186.310.00050.260.6028.7850

0.02610.01291.423.34600.00004214.740.00030.190.4420.7960

0.01820.00760.841.98800.00002937.500.00020.110.2612.2980

0.01340.00500.551.301000.00002165.550.00010.070.178.11100

0.00740.00230.260.601500.00001191.610.00010.030.083.76150

0.00470.00130.150.352000.0000761.383.5E-050.020.052.16200

0.00330.00090.100.222500.0000533.412.3E-050.010.031.40250

0.00110.00020.020.065000.0000174.255.9E-060.000.010.36500

0.00040.00010.010.0110000.000058.671.5E-060.000.000.091000

D-61







0.000011155.500.00000.000.00130.29200.045911155.500.10769.4622.22130.2920

0.00008402.650.00000.000.0068.87300.03468402.650.05695.0011.7468.8730

0.00006521.950.00000.000.0042.46400.02686521.950.03513.087.2442.4640

0.00005186.310.00000.000.0028.78500.02135186.310.02382.094.9128.7850

0.00004214.740.00000.000.0020.79600.01734214.740.01721.513.5420.7960

0.00002937.500.00000.000.0012.29800.01212937.500.01010.892.1012.2980

0.00002165.550.00000.000.008.111000.00892165.550.00670.591.388.11100

0.00001191.610.00000.000.003.761500.00491191.610.00310.270.643.76150

0.0000761.380.00000.000.002.162000.0031761.380.00180.160.372.16200

0.0000533.410.00000.000.001.402500.0022533.410.00120.100.241.40250

0.0000174.250.00000.000.000.365000.0007174.250.00030.030.060.36500

0.000058.670.00000.000.000.0910000.000258.670.00010.010.020.091000






0.04590.112211.9628.10200.000011155.500.00462.515.89130.2920

0.03460.05936.3214.86300.00008402.650.00241.333.1168.8730

0.02680.03663.909.16400.00006521.950.00150.821.9242.4640

0.02130.02482.646.21500.00005186.310.00100.551.3028.7850

0.01730.01791.914.48600.00004214.740.00070.400.9420.7960

0.01210.01061.132.65800.00002937.500.00040.240.5612.2980

0.00890.00700.741.751000.00002165.550.00030.160.378.11100

0.00490.00320.350.811500.00001191.610.00010.070.173.76150

0.00310.00190.200.472000.0000761.380.00010.040.102.16200

0.00220.00120.130.302500.0000533.414.9E-050.030.061.40250

0.00070.00030.030.085000.0000174.251.3E-050.010.020.36500

0.00020.00010.010.0210000.000058.673.2E-060.000.000.091000

D-62


ConcordMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%





0.000012417.790.00000.000.00161.57200.087412417.790.228020.0547.09161.5720

0.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.18300.06519254.670.121610.6925.1286.1830

0.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.59400.05017114.910.07566.6515.6253.5940

0.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.58500.03965625.450.05164.5410.6636.5850

0.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.58600.03204555.430.03753.307.7526.5860

0.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.87800.02233163.520.02241.974.6315.8780

0.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.551000.01642329.100.01491.313.0710.55100

0.00001281.780.00000.000.004.951500.00901281.780.00700.611.444.95150

0.0000820.220.00000.000.002.862000.0058820.220.00400.350.832.86200

0.0000575.610.00000.000.001.872500.0040575.610.00260.230.551.87250

0.0000189.470.00000.000.000.495000.0013189.470.00070.060.140.49500

0.000064.580.00000.000.000.1410000.000564.580.00020.020.040.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.08740.228020.0547.09200.000012417.790.00000.000.00161.5720

0.06510.121610.6925.12300.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.1830

0.05010.07566.6515.62400.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.5940

0.03960.05164.5410.66500.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.5850

0.03200.03753.307.75600.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.5860

0.02230.02241.974.63800.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.8780

0.01640.01491.313.071000.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.55100

0.00900.00700.611.441500.00001281.780.00000.000.004.95150

0.00580.00400.350.832000.0000820.220.00000.000.002.86200

0.00400.00260.230.552500.0000575.610.00000.000.001.87250

0.00130.00070.060.145000.0000189.470.00000.000.000.49500

0.00050.00020.020.0410000.000064.580.00000.000.000.141000

D-63







0.033212417.790.00070.902.12161.57200.051112417.790.133411.7327.55161.5720

0.02479254.670.00040.481.1386.18300.03819254.670.07126.2614.6986.1830

0.01907114.910.00020.300.7053.59400.02937114.910.04433.899.1453.5940

0.01505625.450.00020.200.4836.58500.02315625.450.03022.666.2436.5850

0.01224555.430.00010.150.3526.58600.01874555.430.02191.934.5326.5860

0.00853163.520.00010.090.2115.87800.01303163.520.01311.152.7115.8780

0.00622329.104.6E-050.060.1410.551000.00962329.100.00870.771.8010.55100

0.00341281.782.2E-050.030.064.951500.00531281.780.00410.360.844.95150

0.0022820.221.2E-050.020.042.862000.0034820.220.00240.210.492.86200

0.0015575.618.2E-060.010.021.872500.0024575.610.00150.140.321.87250

0.0005189.472.1E-060.000.010.495000.0008189.470.00040.040.080.49500

0.000264.586.1E-070.000.000.1410000.000364.580.00010.010.020.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.08430.134112.6329.67200.000012417.790.00000.000.00161.5720

0.06280.07156.7415.82300.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.1830

0.04830.04454.199.84400.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.5940

0.03820.03042.866.72500.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.5850

0.03090.02212.084.88600.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.5860

0.02150.01321.242.91800.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.8780

0.01580.00880.821.941000.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.55100

0.00870.00410.390.911500.00001281.780.00000.000.004.95150

0.00560.00240.220.532000.0000820.220.00000.000.002.86200

0.00390.00160.150.342500.0000575.610.00000.000.001.87250

0.00130.00040.040.095000.0000189.470.00000.000.000.49500

0.00040.00010.010.0310000.000064.580.00000.000.000.141000

D-64







0.039812417.790.00091.092.55161.57200.037212417.790.09698.5220.02161.5720

0.02979254.670.00050.581.3686.18300.02779254.670.05174.5510.6886.1830

0.02287114.910.00030.360.8553.59400.02137114.910.03222.836.6453.5940

0.01805625.450.00020.250.5836.58500.01685625.450.02191.934.5336.5850

0.01464555.430.00010.180.4226.58600.01364555.430.01591.403.2926.5860

0.01013163.520.00010.110.2515.87800.00953163.520.00950.841.9715.8780

0.00752329.100.00010.070.1710.551000.00702329.100.00630.561.3110.55100

0.00411281.782.6E-050.030.084.951500.00381281.780.00300.260.614.95150

0.0026820.221.5E-050.020.052.862000.0025820.220.00170.150.352.86200

0.0018575.619.8E-060.010.031.872500.0017575.610.00110.100.231.87250

0.0006189.472.6E-060.000.010.495000.0006189.470.00030.030.060.49500

0.000264.587.4E-070.000.000.1410000.000264.580.00010.010.020.141000






0.07700.100411.0525.96200.000012417.790.00271.443.39161.5720

0.05740.05365.9013.85300.00009254.670.00140.771.8186.1830

0.04410.03333.678.61400.00007114.910.00090.481.1353.5940

0.03490.02272.505.88500.00005625.450.00060.330.7736.5850

0.02830.01651.824.27600.00004555.430.00040.240.5626.5860

0.01960.00991.092.55800.00003163.520.00030.140.3315.8780

0.01440.00660.721.701000.00002329.100.00020.090.2210.55100

0.00790.00310.340.801500.00001281.780.00010.040.104.95150

0.00510.00180.200.462000.0000820.224.7E-050.030.062.86200

0.00360.00120.130.302500.0000575.613.1E-050.020.041.87250

0.00120.00030.030.085000.0000189.478.0E-060.000.010.49500

0.00040.00010.010.0210000.000064.582.3E-060.000.000.141000

D-65







0.000012417.790.00000.000.00161.57200.051112417.790.133411.7327.55161.5720

0.00009254.670.00000.000.0086.18300.03819254.670.07126.2614.6986.1830

0.00007114.910.00000.000.0053.59400.02937114.910.04433.899.1453.5940

0.00005625.450.00000.000.0036.58500.02315625.450.03022.666.2436.5850

0.00004555.430.00000.000.0026.58600.01874555.430.02191.934.5326.5860

0.00003163.520.00000.000.0015.87800.01303163.520.01311.152.7115.8780

0.00002329.100.00000.000.0010.551000.00962329.100.00870.771.8010.55100

0.00001281.780.00000.000.004.951500.00531281.780.00410.360.844.95150

0.0000820.220.00000.000.002.862000.0034820.220.00240.210.492.86200

0.0000575.610.00000.000.001.872500.0024575.610.00150.140.321.87250

0.0000189.470.00000.000.000.495000.0008189.470.00040.040.080.49500

0.000064.580.00000.000.000.1410000.000364.580.00010.010.020.141000






0.05110.139114.8434.85200.000012417.790.00573.117.30161.5720

0.03810.07427.9118.59300.00009254.670.00301.663.9086.1830

0.02930.04614.9211.56400.00007114.910.00191.032.4253.5940

0.02310.03153.367.89500.00005625.450.00130.701.6536.5850

0.01870.02292.445.73600.00004555.430.00090.511.2026.5860

0.01300.01371.463.42800.00003163.520.00060.310.7215.8780

0.00960.00910.972.281000.00002329.100.00040.200.4810.55100

0.00530.00430.451.071500.00001281.780.00020.100.224.95150

0.00340.00250.260.622000.0000820.220.00010.060.132.86200

0.00240.00160.170.402500.0000575.610.00010.040.081.87250

0.00080.00040.040.115000.0000189.471.7E-050.010.020.49500

0.00030.00010.010.0310000.000064.584.9E-060.000.010.141000

D-66


MatherMet Set:MeCl0%Perc94%





0.00008470.500.00000.000.0096.52200.05968470.500.136211.9828.1396.5220

0.00005762.290.00000.000.0050.95300.04055762.290.07196.3214.8550.9530

0.00004464.600.00000.000.0031.40400.03144464.600.04433.909.1531.4040

0.00003545.550.00000.000.0021.29500.02493545.550.03002.646.2121.2950

0.00002878.600.00000.000.0015.38600.02032878.600.02171.914.4815.3860

0.00002004.050.00000.000.009.10800.01412004.050.01281.132.659.1080

0.00001477.560.00000.000.006.001000.01041477.560.00850.741.756.00100

0.0000819.700.00000.000.002.781500.0058819.700.00390.340.812.78150

0.0000527.320.00000.000.001.602000.0037527.320.00230.200.471.60200

0.0000371.220.00000.000.001.032500.0026371.220.00150.130.301.03250

0.0000122.780.00000.000.000.275000.0009122.780.00040.030.080.27500

0.000041.910.00000.000.000.0710000.000341.910.00010.010.020.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.05960.136211.9828.13200.00008470.500.00000.000.0096.5220

0.04050.07196.3214.85300.00005762.290.00000.000.0050.9530

0.03140.04433.909.15400.00004464.600.00000.000.0031.4040

0.02490.03002.646.21500.00003545.550.00000.000.0021.2950

0.02030.02171.914.48600.00002878.600.00000.000.0015.3860

0.01410.01281.132.65800.00002004.050.00000.000.009.1080

0.01040.00850.741.751000.00001477.560.00000.000.006.00100

0.00580.00390.340.811500.0000819.700.00000.000.002.78150

0.00370.00230.200.472000.0000527.320.00000.000.001.60200

0.00260.00150.130.302500.0000371.220.00000.000.001.03250

0.00090.00040.030.085000.0000122.780.00000.000.000.27500

0.00030.00010.010.0210000.000041.910.00000.000.000.071000

D-67







0.02268470.500.00040.541.2696.52200.03498470.500.07977.0116.4696.5220

0.01545762.290.00020.280.6750.95300.02375762.290.04213.708.6950.9530

0.01194464.600.00010.180.4131.40400.01844464.600.02592.285.3531.4040

0.00953545.550.00010.120.2821.29500.01463545.550.01761.553.6321.2950

0.00772878.600.00010.090.2015.38600.01182878.600.01271.122.6215.3860

0.00542004.054.0E-050.050.129.10800.00822004.050.00750.661.559.1080

0.00391477.562.6E-050.030.086.001000.00611477.560.00500.441.026.00100

0.0022819.701.2E-050.020.042.781500.0034819.700.00230.200.472.78150

0.0014527.327.0E-060.010.021.602000.0022527.320.00130.120.271.60200

0.0010371.224.5E-060.010.011.032500.0015371.220.00090.070.181.03250

0.0003122.781.2E-060.000.000.275000.0005122.780.00020.020.050.27500

1.1E-0441.913.1E-070.000.000.0710000.000241.910.00010.010.010.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.05750.08017.5417.72200.00008470.500.00000.000.0096.5220

0.03910.04233.989.35300.00005762.290.00000.000.0050.9530

0.03030.02612.455.77400.00004464.600.00000.000.0031.4040

0.02410.01771.663.91500.00003545.550.00000.000.0021.2950

0.01950.01281.202.82600.00002878.600.00000.000.0015.3860

0.01360.00760.711.67800.00002004.050.00000.000.009.1080

0.01000.00500.471.101000.00001477.560.00000.000.006.00100

0.00560.00230.220.511500.0000819.700.00000.000.002.78150

0.00360.00130.130.292000.0000527.320.00000.000.001.60200

0.00250.00090.080.192500.0000371.220.00000.000.001.03250

0.00080.00020.020.055000.0000122.780.00000.000.000.27500

0.00030.00010.010.0110000.000041.910.00000.000.000.071000

D-68







0.02728470.500.00050.651.5396.52200.02548470.500.05795.0911.9696.5220

0.01855762.290.00030.340.8150.95300.01735762.290.03062.696.3150.9530

0.01434464.600.00020.210.5031.40400.01344464.600.01881.663.8931.4040

0.01143545.550.00010.140.3421.29500.01063545.550.01281.122.6421.2950

0.00922878.600.00010.100.2415.38600.00862878.600.00920.811.9115.3860

0.00642004.054.8E-050.060.149.10800.00602004.050.00550.481.139.1080

0.00471477.563.2E-050.040.096.001000.00441477.560.00360.320.746.00100

0.0026819.701.5E-050.020.042.781500.0025819.700.00170.150.342.78150

0.0017527.328.4E-060.010.031.602000.0016527.320.00100.080.201.60200

0.0012371.225.4E-060.010.021.032500.0011371.220.00060.050.131.03250

0.0004122.781.4E-060.000.000.275000.0004122.780.00020.010.030.27500

0.000141.913.7E-070.000.000.0710000.000141.914.2E-050.000.010.071000






0.05250.06006.6015.51200.00008470.500.00160.862.0396.5220

0.03570.03173.498.19300.00005762.290.00080.461.0750.9530

0.02770.01952.155.05400.00004464.600.00050.280.6631.4040

0.02200.01321.463.42500.00003545.550.00030.190.4521.2950

0.01790.00961.052.47600.00002878.600.00030.140.3215.3860

0.01240.00570.621.46800.00002004.050.00010.080.199.1080

0.00920.00370.410.961000.00001477.560.00010.050.136.00100

0.00510.00170.190.451500.0000819.704.6E-050.020.062.78150

0.00330.00100.110.262000.0000527.322.6E-050.010.031.60200

0.00230.00060.070.172500.0000371.221.7E-050.010.021.03250

0.00080.00020.020.045000.0000122.784.4E-060.000.010.27500

0.00034.4E-050.000.0110000.000041.911.1E-060.000.000.071000

D-69







0.00008470.500.00000.000.0096.52200.03498470.500.07977.0116.4696.5220

0.00005762.290.00000.000.0050.95300.02375762.290.04213.708.6950.9530

0.00004464.600.00000.000.0031.40400.01844464.600.02592.285.3531.4040

0.00003545.550.00000.000.0021.29500.01463545.550.01761.553.6321.2950

0.00002878.600.00000.000.0015.38600.01182878.600.01271.122.6215.3860

0.00002004.050.00000.000.009.10800.00822004.050.00750.661.559.1080

0.00001477.560.00000.000.006.001000.00611477.560.00500.441.026.00100

0.0000819.700.00000.000.002.781500.0034819.700.00230.200.472.78150

0.0000527.320.00000.000.001.602000.0022527.320.00130.120.271.60200

0.0000371.220.00000.000.001.032500.0015371.220.00090.070.181.03250

0.0000122.780.00000.000.000.275000.0005122.780.00020.020.050.27500

0.000041.910.00000.000.000.0710000.000241.910.00010.010.010.071000






0.03490.08318.8620.82200.00008470.500.00341.864.3696.5220

0.02370.04394.6810.99300.00005762.290.00180.982.3050.9530

0.01840.02702.886.77400.00004464.600.00110.601.4231.4040

0.01460.01831.954.59500.00003545.550.00080.410.9621.2950

0.01180.01321.413.32600.00002878.600.00050.300.7015.3860

0.00820.00780.841.96800.00002004.050.00030.180.419.1080

0.00610.00520.551.291000.00001477.560.00020.120.276.00100

0.00340.00240.260.601500.0000819.700.00010.050.132.78150

0.00220.00140.150.352000.0000527.320.00010.030.071.60200

0.00150.00090.090.222500.0000371.223.6E-050.020.051.03250

0.00050.00020.020.065000.0000122.789.5E-060.010.010.27500

0.00020.00010.010.0210000.000041.912.5E-060.000.000.071000

D-70







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.079811342.730.433438.0989.49307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.05988496.330.324628.5367.03229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.04636579.110.251422.0951.91178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.03695238.720.200117.5941.33141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.03004269.330.163114.3433.68115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.02112995.850.114510.0623.6481.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.01562223.110.08497.4717.5460.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00871239.310.04734.169.7833.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0056799.090.03052.686.3021.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0040563.570.02151.894.4515.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0013187.510.00720.631.485.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000564.260.00250.220.511.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07980.433438.0989.49200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.05980.324628.5367.03300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.04630.251422.0951.91400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.03690.200117.5941.33500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.03000.163114.3433.68600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.02110.114510.0623.64800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.01560.08497.4717.541000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00870.04734.169.781500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00560.03052.686.302000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00400.02151.894.452500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00130.00720.631.485000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00050.00250.220.5110000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-71







0.030311342.730.00131.714.02307.03200.046711342.730.253522.2952.35307.0320

0.02278496.330.00101.283.01229.98300.03508496.330.189916.6939.21229.9830

0.01766579.110.00080.992.33178.09400.02716579.110.147012.9330.37178.0940

0.01405238.720.00060.791.86141.80500.02165238.720.117110.2924.18141.8050

0.01144269.330.00050.641.51115.56600.01764269.330.09548.3919.70115.5660

0.00802995.850.00040.451.0681.09800.01232995.850.06705.8913.8381.0980

0.00592223.110.00030.340.7960.181000.00912223.110.04974.3710.2660.18100

0.00331239.310.00010.190.4433.551500.00511239.310.02772.435.7233.55150

0.0021799.090.00010.120.2821.632000.0033799.090.01791.573.6921.63200

0.0015563.570.00010.090.2015.252500.0023563.570.01261.112.6015.25250

0.0005187.512.2E-050.030.075.085000.0008187.510.00420.370.875.08500

0.000264.267.6E-060.010.021.7410000.000364.260.00140.130.301.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07700.254924.0056.37200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.05770.190917.9842.23300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.04460.147813.9232.70400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.03560.117711.0826.04500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.02900.09599.0321.22600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.02030.06736.3414.89800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.01510.05004.7011.051000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00840.02782.626.161500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00540.01801.693.972000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00380.01271.192.802500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00130.00420.400.935000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00040.00140.140.3210000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-72







0.036411342.730.00162.074.85307.03200.034011342.730.184216.1938.04307.0320

0.02728496.330.00121.553.63229.98300.02548496.330.138012.1328.49229.9830

0.02116579.110.00091.202.81178.09400.01976579.110.10699.3922.06178.0940

0.01685238.720.00070.952.24141.80500.01575238.720.08517.4817.57141.8050

0.01374269.330.00060.781.83115.56600.01284269.330.06936.1014.32115.5660

0.00962995.850.00040.551.2881.09800.00902995.850.04874.2810.0581.0980

0.00712223.110.00030.400.9560.181000.00672223.110.03613.177.4660.18100

0.00401239.310.00020.230.5333.551500.00371239.310.02011.774.1633.55150

0.0026799.090.00010.150.3421.632000.0024799.090.01301.142.6821.63200

0.0018563.570.00010.100.2415.252500.0017563.570.00920.801.8915.25250

0.0006187.512.7E-050.030.085.085000.0006187.510.00300.270.635.08500

0.000264.269.2E-060.010.031.7410000.000264.260.00100.090.221.741000






0.07030.190921.0049.34200.000011342.730.00502.746.45307.0320

0.05270.143015.7336.96300.00008496.330.00382.064.83229.9830

0.04080.110712.1828.62400.00006579.110.00291.593.74178.0940

0.03250.08829.7022.79500.00005238.720.00231.272.98141.8050

0.02650.07187.9118.57600.00004269.330.00191.032.43115.5660

0.01860.05045.5513.03800.00002995.850.00130.721.7081.0980

0.01380.03744.129.671000.00002223.110.00100.541.2660.18100

0.00770.02092.295.391500.00001239.310.00060.300.7033.55150

0.00500.01341.483.482000.0000799.090.00040.190.4521.63200

0.00350.00951.042.452500.0000563.570.00030.140.3215.25250

0.00120.00320.350.825000.0000187.510.00010.050.115.08500

0.00040.00110.120.2810000.000064.262.9E-050.020.041.741000

D-73







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.046711342.730.253522.2952.35307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.03508496.330.189916.6939.21229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.02716579.110.147012.9330.37178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.02165238.720.117110.2924.18141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.01764269.330.09548.3919.70115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.01232995.850.06705.8913.8381.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00912223.110.04974.3710.2660.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00511239.310.02772.435.7233.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0033799.090.01791.573.6921.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0023563.570.01261.112.6015.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0008187.510.00420.370.875.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000364.260.00140.130.301.741000






0.04670.264428.1966.23200.000011342.730.01085.9113.88307.0320

0.03500.198021.1249.61300.00008496.330.00814.4310.40229.9830

0.02710.153316.3538.42400.00006579.110.00633.438.05178.0940

0.02160.122113.0230.59500.00005238.720.00502.736.41141.8050

0.01760.099510.6124.93600.00004269.330.00412.225.22115.5660

0.01230.06987.4517.49800.00002995.850.00291.563.6781.0980

0.00910.05185.5312.981000.00002223.110.00211.162.7260.18100

0.00510.02893.087.241500.00001239.310.00120.651.5233.55150

0.00330.01861.994.672000.0000799.090.00080.420.9821.63200

0.00230.01311.403.292500.0000563.570.00050.290.6915.25250

0.00080.00440.471.095000.0000187.510.00020.100.235.08500

0.00030.00150.160.3810000.000064.260.00010.030.081.741000

D-74








0.00005528.380.00000.000.0097.87200.07785528.380.414136.4085.5297.8720

0.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.96300.06824845.410.304526.7762.8871.9630

0.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.45400.05704048.280.196517.2840.5946.4540

0.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.37500.04813418.070.137012.0428.2832.3750

0.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.83600.04112918.050.10088.8620.8223.8360

0.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.48800.03092193.500.06135.3912.6514.4880

0.00001708.420.00000.000.009.731000.02401708.420.04123.628.509.73100

0.00001026.400.00000.000.004.641500.01441026.400.01961.734.054.64150

0.0000690.620.00000.000.002.712000.0097690.620.01151.012.372.71200

0.0000500.600.00000.000.001.772500.0070500.600.00750.661.551.77250

0.0000176.690.00000.000.000.475000.0025176.690.00200.170.410.47500

0.000062.470.00000.000.000.1210000.000962.470.00050.040.100.121000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07780.414136.4085.52200.00005528.380.00000.000.0097.8720

0.06820.304526.7762.88300.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.9630

0.05700.196517.2840.59400.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.4540

0.04810.137012.0428.28500.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.3750

0.04110.10088.8620.82600.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.8360

0.03090.06135.3912.65800.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.4880

0.02400.04123.628.501000.00001708.420.00000.000.009.73100

0.01440.01961.734.051500.00001026.400.00000.000.004.64150

0.00970.01151.012.372000.0000690.620.00000.000.002.71200

0.00700.00750.661.552500.0000500.600.00000.000.001.77250

0.00250.00200.170.415000.0000176.690.00000.000.000.47500

0.00090.00050.040.1010000.000062.470.00000.000.000.121000D-75







0.02965528.380.00131.643.8697.87200.04555528.380.242421.3150.0697.8720

0.02594845.410.00091.212.8471.96300.03994845.410.178315.6736.8171.9630

0.02174048.280.00060.781.8346.45400.03334048.280.115110.1123.7646.4540

0.01833418.070.00040.541.2832.37500.02813418.070.08027.0516.5632.3750

0.01562918.050.00030.400.9423.83600.02402918.050.05905.1912.1923.8360

0.01172193.500.00020.240.5714.48800.01812193.500.03593.157.4114.4880

0.00911708.420.00010.160.389.731000.01411708.420.02412.124.989.73100

0.00551026.400.00010.080.184.641500.00851026.400.01151.012.374.64150

0.0037690.620.00000.050.112.712000.0057690.620.00670.591.392.71200

0.0027500.600.00000.030.071.772500.0041500.600.00440.390.911.77250

0.0009176.690.00000.010.020.475000.0015176.690.00120.100.240.47500

0.000362.470.00000.000.000.1210000.000562.470.00030.030.060.121000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07510.243722.9553.92200.00005528.380.00000.000.0097.8720

0.06580.179216.8839.64300.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.9630

0.05500.115710.8925.59400.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.4540

0.04640.08067.5917.83500.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.3750

0.03960.05935.5913.13600.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.8360

0.02980.03613.407.98800.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.4880

0.02320.02422.285.361000.00001708.420.00000.000.009.73100

0.01390.01161.092.561500.00001026.400.00000.000.004.64150

0.00940.00670.641.492000.0000690.620.00000.000.002.71200

0.00680.00440.420.982500.0000500.600.00000.000.001.77250

0.00240.00120.110.265000.0000176.690.00000.000.000.47500

0.00080.00030.030.0710000.000062.470.00000.000.000.121000

D-76







0.03555528.380.00151.974.6397.87200.03315528.380.176215.4936.3897.8720

0.03114845.410.00111.453.4071.96300.02904845.410.129511.3926.7571.9630

0.02604048.280.00070.942.2046.45400.02424048.280.08367.3517.2746.4540

0.02193418.070.00050.651.5332.37500.02053418.070.05835.1212.0332.3750

0.01872918.050.00040.481.1323.83600.01752918.050.04293.778.8623.8360

0.01412193.500.00020.290.6814.48800.01312193.500.02612.295.3814.4880

0.01101708.420.00020.200.469.731000.01021708.420.01751.543.629.73100

0.00661026.400.00010.090.224.641500.00611026.400.00840.731.724.64150

0.0044690.624.3E-050.050.132.712000.0041690.620.00490.431.012.71200

0.0032500.602.8E-050.040.081.772500.0030500.600.00320.280.661.77250

0.0011176.697.4E-060.010.020.475000.0011176.690.00080.070.170.47500

0.000462.471.9E-060.000.010.1210000.000462.470.00020.020.040.121000






0.06860.182520.0847.17200.00005528.380.00482.626.1797.8720

0.06010.134214.7634.68300.00004845.410.00351.934.5371.9630

0.05020.08669.5322.39400.00004048.280.00231.252.9346.4540

0.04240.06046.6415.60500.00003418.070.00160.872.0432.3750

0.03620.04444.8911.49600.00002918.050.00120.641.5023.8360

0.02720.02702.976.98800.00002193.500.00070.390.9114.4880

0.02120.01812.004.691000.00001708.420.00050.260.619.73100

0.01270.00870.952.241500.00001026.400.00020.120.294.64150

0.00860.00510.561.312000.0000690.620.00010.070.172.71200

0.00620.00330.360.852500.0000500.600.00010.050.111.77250

0.00220.00090.100.235000.0000176.690.00.010.030.47500

0.00080.00020.020.0610000.000062.470.00.000.010.121000

D-77







0.00005528.380.00000.000.0097.87200.04555528.380.242421.3150.0697.8720

0.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.96300.03994845.410.178315.6736.8171.9630

0.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.45400.03334048.280.115110.1123.7646.4540

0.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.37500.02813418.070.08027.0516.5632.3750

0.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.83600.02402918.050.05905.1912.1923.8360

0.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.48800.01812193.500.03593.157.4114.4880

0.00001708.420.00000.000.009.731000.01411708.420.02412.124.989.73100

0.00001026.400.00000.000.004.641500.00851026.400.01151.012.374.64150

0.0000690.620.00000.000.002.712000.0057690.620.00670.591.392.71200

0.0000500.600.00000.000.001.772500.0041500.600.00440.390.911.77250

0.0000176.690.00000.000.000.475000.0015176.690.00120.100.240.47500

0.000062.470.00000.000.000.1210000.000562.470.00030.030.060.121000






0.04550.252826.9563.32200.00005528.380.01045.6413.2597.8720

0.03990.185919.8246.55300.00004845.410.00764.159.7471.9630

0.03330.120012.7930.05400.00004048.280.00492.686.2946.4540

0.02810.08368.9120.94500.00003418.070.00341.874.3832.3750

0.02400.06166.5615.42600.00002918.050.00251.373.2323.8360

0.01810.03743.999.37800.00002193.500.00150.831.9614.4880

0.01410.02512.686.291000.00001708.420.00100.561.329.73100

0.00850.01201.283.001500.00001026.400.00050.270.634.64150

0.00570.00700.751.752000.0000690.620.00030.160.372.71200

0.00410.00460.491.152500.0000500.600.00020.100.241.77250

0.00150.00120.130.305000.0000176.695.0E-050.030.060.47500

0.00050.00030.030.0810000.000062.471.3E-050.010.020.121000

D-78







0.00005444.380.00000.000.00125.69200.07665444.380.531846.75109.83125.6920

0.00004844.110.00000.000.0096.66300.06824844.110.409035.9584.4696.6630

0.00004046.700.00000.000.0062.33400.05704046.700.263723.1854.4662.3340

0.00003416.340.00000.000.0043.33500.04813416.340.183316.1237.8643.3350

0.00002916.250.00000.000.0031.84600.04102916.250.134711.8427.8231.8460

0.00002191.720.00000.000.0019.26800.03082191.720.08157.1616.8319.2680

0.00001706.750.00000.000.0012.901000.02401706.750.05464.8011.2712.90100

0.00001025.070.00000.000.006.111500.01441025.070.02592.275.346.11150

0.0000689.560.00000.000.003.552000.0097689.560.01501.323.103.55200

0.0000499.750.00000.000.002.322500.0070499.750.00980.862.032.32250

0.0000176.330.00000.000.000.605000.0025176.330.00250.220.520.60500

0.000062.420.00000.000.000.1610000.000962.420.00070.060.140.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07660.531846.75109.83200.00005444.380.00000.000.00125.6920

0.06820.409035.9584.46300.00004844.110.00000.000.0096.6630

0.05700.263723.1854.46400.00004046.700.00000.000.0062.3340

0.04810.183316.1237.86500.00003416.340.00000.000.0043.3350

0.04100.134711.8427.82600.00002916.250.00000.000.0031.8460

0.03080.08157.1616.83800.00002191.720.00000.000.0019.2680

0.02400.05464.8011.271000.00001706.750.00000.000.0012.90100

0.01440.02592.275.341500.00001025.070.00000.000.006.11150

0.00970.01501.323.102000.0000689.560.00000.000.003.55200

0.00700.00980.862.032500.0000499.750.00000.000.002.32250

0.00250.00250.220.525000.0000176.330.00000.000.000.60500

0.00090.00070.060.1410000.000062.420.00000.000.000.161000

D-79







0.02915444.380.00172.114.95125.69200.04485444.380.311427.3764.29125.6920

0.02594844.110.00131.623.8196.66300.03994844.110.239421.0549.4496.6630

0.02164046.700.00081.052.4662.33400.03334046.700.154413.5731.8862.3340

0.01833416.340.00060.731.7143.33500.02813416.340.10739.4422.1643.3350

0.01562916.250.00040.531.2531.84600.02402916.250.07896.9316.2931.8460

0.01172191.720.00030.320.7619.26800.01802191.720.04774.199.8519.2680

0.00911706.750.00020.220.5112.901000.01411706.750.03202.816.6012.90100

0.00551025.070.00010.100.246.111500.00841025.070.01511.333.136.11150

0.0037689.564.7E-050.060.143.552000.0057689.560.00880.771.823.55200

0.0027499.753.0E-050.040.092.322500.0041499.750.00570.511.192.32250

0.0009176.337.9E-060.010.020.605000.0015176.330.00150.130.310.60500

0.000362.422.1E-060.000.010.1610000.000562.420.00040.030.080.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07400.313029.4869.25200.00005444.380.00000.000.00125.6920

0.06580.240722.6753.25300.00004844.110.00000.000.0096.6630

0.05500.155214.6234.34400.00004046.700.00000.000.0062.3340

0.04640.107910.1623.87500.00003416.340.00000.000.0043.3350

0.03960.07937.4717.54600.00002916.250.00000.000.0031.8460

0.02980.04804.5210.61800.00002191.720.00000.000.0019.2680

0.02320.03213.037.111000.00001706.750.00000.000.0012.90100

0.01390.01521.433.371500.00001025.070.00000.000.006.11150

0.00940.00880.831.962000.0000689.560.00000.000.003.55200

0.00680.00580.541.282500.0000499.750.00000.000.002.32250

0.00240.00150.140.335000.0000176.330.00000.000.000.60500

0.00080.00040.040.0910000.000062.420.00000.000.000.161000

D-80







0.03495444.380.00202.535.95125.69200.03265444.380.226219.8946.72125.6920

0.03114844.110.00151.954.5796.66300.02904844.110.174015.2935.9396.6630

0.02604046.700.00101.252.9562.33400.02424046.700.11229.8623.1762.3340

0.02193416.340.00070.872.0543.33500.02053416.340.07806.8616.1143.3350

0.01872916.250.00050.641.5131.84600.01752916.250.05735.0411.8331.8460

0.01412191.720.00030.390.9119.26800.01312191.720.03473.057.1619.2680

0.01091706.750.00020.260.6112.901000.01021706.750.02322.044.7912.90100

0.00661025.070.00010.120.296.111500.00611025.070.01100.972.276.11150

0.0044689.560.00010.070.173.552000.0041689.560.00640.561.323.55200

0.0032499.753.7E-050.050.112.322500.0030499.750.00420.370.862.32250

0.0011176.339.5E-060.010.030.605000.0011176.330.00110.090.220.60500

0.000462.422.5E-060.000.010.1610000.000462.420.00030.030.060.161000






0.06750.234425.7960.58200.00005444.380.00623.377.92125.6920

0.06010.180319.8346.59300.00004844.110.00482.596.0996.6630

0.05020.116212.7930.04400.00004046.700.00311.673.9362.3340

0.04240.08088.8920.89500.00003416.340.00211.162.7343.3350

0.03620.05946.5315.35600.00002916.250.00160.852.0131.8460

0.02720.03593.959.28800.00002191.720.00090.521.2119.2680

0.02120.02412.656.221000.00001706.750.00060.350.8112.90100

0.01270.01141.252.951500.00001025.070.00030.160.386.11150

0.00860.00660.731.712000.0000689.560.00020.100.223.55200

0.00620.00430.481.122500.0000499.750.00010.060.152.32250

0.00220.00110.120.295000.0000176.333.0E-050.020.040.60500

0.00080.00030.030.0810000.000062.427.9E-060.000.010.161000

D-81







0.00005444.380.00000.000.00125.69200.04485444.380.311427.3764.29125.6920

0.00004844.110.00000.000.0096.66300.03994844.110.239421.0549.4496.6630

0.00004046.700.00000.000.0062.33400.03334046.700.154413.5731.8862.3340

0.00003416.340.00000.000.0043.33500.02813416.340.10739.4422.1643.3350

0.00002916.250.00000.000.0031.84600.02402916.250.07896.9316.2931.8460

0.00002191.720.00000.000.0019.26800.01802191.720.04774.199.8519.2680

0.00001706.750.00000.000.0012.901000.01411706.750.03202.816.6012.90100

0.00001025.070.00000.000.006.111500.00841025.070.01511.333.136.11150

0.0000689.560.00000.000.003.552000.0057689.560.00880.771.823.55200

0.0000499.750.00000.000.002.322500.0041499.750.00570.511.192.32250

0.0000176.330.00000.000.000.605000.0015176.330.00150.130.310.60500

0.000062.420.00000.000.000.1610000.000562.420.00040.030.080.161000






0.04480.324634.6181.31200.00005444.380.01337.2417.02125.6920

0.03990.249726.6262.53300.00004844.110.01025.5713.0996.6630

0.03330.161017.1640.32400.00004046.700.00663.598.4462.3340

0.02810.111911.9328.03500.00003416.340.00462.505.8743.3350

0.02400.08228.7720.60600.00002916.250.00341.844.3131.8460

0.01800.04975.3012.46800.00002191.720.00201.112.6119.2680

0.01410.03333.558.351000.00001706.750.00140.741.7512.90100

0.00840.01581.683.951500.00001025.070.00060.350.836.11150

0.00570.00920.982.302000.0000689.560.00040.200.483.55200

0.00410.00600.641.502500.0000499.750.00020.130.312.32250

0.00150.00150.170.395000.0000176.330.00010.030.080.60500

0.00050.00040.040.1010000.000062.421.7E-050.010.020.161000

D-82







0.00004685.590.00000.000.0048.31200.06594685.590.204417.9742.2148.3120

0.00004028.180.00000.000.0040.60300.05674028.180.171815.1035.4840.6030

0.00003439.110.00000.000.0026.41400.04843439.110.11189.8223.0826.4140

0.00002941.660.00000.000.0018.50500.04142941.660.07836.8816.1718.5050

0.00002531.880.00000.000.0013.67600.03562531.880.05785.0811.9413.6760

0.00001940.790.00000.000.008.35800.02731940.790.03533.117.308.3580

0.00001529.510.00000.000.005.631000.02151529.510.02382.094.925.63100

0.0000931.700.00000.000.002.701500.0131931.700.01141.002.362.70150

0.0000629.790.00000.000.001.582000.0089629.790.00670.591.381.58200

0.0000457.070.00000.000.001.042500.0064457.070.00440.390.911.04250

0.0000160.490.00000.000.000.285000.0023160.490.00120.100.240.28500

0.000055.890.00000.000.000.0710000.000855.890.00030.030.060.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.06590.204417.9742.21200.00004685.590.00000.000.0048.3120

0.05670.171815.1035.48300.00004028.180.00000.000.0040.6030

0.04840.11189.8223.08400.00003439.110.00000.000.0026.4140

0.04140.07836.8816.17500.00002941.660.00000.000.0018.5050

0.03560.05785.0811.94600.00002531.880.00000.000.0013.6760

0.02730.03533.117.30800.00001940.790.00000.000.008.3580

0.02150.02382.094.921000.00001529.510.00000.000.005.63100

0.01310.01141.002.361500.0000931.700.00000.000.002.70150

0.00890.00670.591.382000.0000629.790.00000.000.001.58200

0.00640.00440.390.912500.0000457.070.00000.000.001.04250

0.00230.00120.100.245000.0000160.490.00000.000.000.28500

0.00080.00030.030.0610000.000055.890.00000.000.000.071000

D-83







0.02514685.590.00060.811.9048.31200.03864685.590.119710.5224.7148.3120

0.02164028.180.00050.681.6040.60300.03324028.180.10068.8420.7740.6030

0.01843439.110.00030.441.0426.41400.02833439.110.06545.7513.5126.4140

0.01572941.660.00020.310.7318.50500.02422941.660.04584.039.4618.5050

0.01352531.880.00020.230.5413.67600.02092531.880.03392.986.9913.6760

0.01041940.790.00010.140.338.35800.01601940.790.02071.824.278.3580

0.00821529.510.00010.090.225.631000.01261529.510.01391.232.885.63100

0.0050931.703.5E-050.050.112.701500.0077931.700.00670.591.382.70150

0.0034629.792.1E-050.030.061.582000.0052629.790.00390.340.811.58200

0.0024457.071.4E-050.020.041.042500.0038457.070.00260.230.531.04250

0.0009160.493.7E-060.000.010.285000.0013160.490.00070.060.140.28500

0.000355.899.2E-070.000.000.0710000.000555.890.00020.020.040.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.06370.120311.3326.62200.00004685.590.00000.000.0048.3120

0.05470.10119.5222.37300.00004028.180.00000.000.0040.6030

0.04670.06586.1914.55400.00003439.110.00000.000.0026.4140

0.04000.04614.3410.19500.00002941.660.00000.000.0018.5050

0.03440.03403.217.53600.00002531.880.00000.000.0013.6760

0.02640.02081.964.60800.00001940.790.00000.000.008.3580

0.02080.01401.323.101000.00001529.510.00000.000.005.63100

0.01270.00670.631.491500.0000931.700.00000.000.002.70150

0.00860.00390.370.872000.0000629.790.00000.000.001.58200

0.00620.00260.240.572500.0000457.070.00000.000.001.04250

0.00220.00070.070.155000.0000160.490.00000.000.000.28500

0.00080.00020.020.0410000.000055.890.00000.000.000.071000

D-84







0.03014685.590.00080.972.2948.31200.02814685.590.08707.6417.9648.3120

0.02584028.180.00060.821.9240.60300.02414028.180.07316.4215.0940.6030

0.02213439.110.00040.531.2526.41400.02063439.110.04754.189.8226.4140

0.01892941.660.00030.370.8818.50500.01762941.660.03332.936.8818.5050

0.01622531.880.00020.280.6513.67600.01522531.880.02462.165.0813.6760

0.01241940.790.00010.170.398.35800.01161940.790.01501.323.108.3580

0.00981529.510.00010.110.275.631000.00921529.510.01010.892.095.63100

0.0060931.704.3E-050.050.132.701500.0056931.700.00490.431.002.70150

0.0040629.792.5E-050.030.071.582000.0038629.790.00280.250.591.58200

0.0029457.071.6E-050.020.051.042500.0027457.070.00190.160.391.04250

0.0010160.494.4E-060.010.010.285000.0010160.490.00050.040.100.28500

0.000455.891.1E-060.000.000.0710000.000355.890.00010.010.030.071000






0.05810.09019.9123.29200.00004685.590.00241.303.0448.3120

0.05000.07578.3319.57300.00004028.180.00201.092.5640.6030

0.04270.04935.4212.73400.00003439.110.00130.711.6626.4140

0.03650.03453.808.92500.00002941.660.00090.501.1718.5050

0.03140.02552.806.59600.00002531.880.00070.370.8613.6760

0.02410.01561.714.02800.00001940.790.00040.220.538.3580

0.01900.01051.162.711000.00001529.510.00030.150.355.63100

0.01160.00500.551.301500.0000931.700.00010.070.172.70150

0.00780.00290.320.762000.0000629.790.00010.040.101.58200

0.00570.00190.210.502500.0000457.070.00010.030.071.04250

0.00200.00050.060.135000.0000160.491.4E-050.010.020.28500

0.00070.00010.010.0310000.000055.893.4E-060.000.000.071000

D-85







0.00004685.590.00000.000.0048.31200.03864685.590.119710.5224.7148.3120

0.00004028.180.00000.000.0040.60300.03324028.180.10068.8420.7740.6030

0.00003439.110.00000.000.0026.41400.02833439.110.06545.7513.5126.4140

0.00002941.660.00000.000.0018.50500.02422941.660.04584.039.4618.5050

0.00002531.880.00000.000.0013.67600.02092531.880.03392.986.9913.6760

0.00001940.790.00000.000.008.35800.01601940.790.02071.824.278.3580

0.00001529.510.00000.000.005.631000.01261529.510.01391.232.885.63100

0.0000931.700.00000.000.002.701500.0077931.700.00670.591.382.70150

0.0000629.790.00000.000.001.582000.0052629.790.00390.340.811.58200

0.0000457.070.00000.000.001.042500.0038457.070.00260.230.531.04250

0.0000160.490.00000.000.000.285000.0013160.490.00070.060.140.28500

0.000055.890.00000.000.000.0710000.000555.890.00020.020.040.071000






0.03860.124813.3031.25200.00004685.590.00512.786.5448.3120

0.03320.104911.1826.27300.00004028.180.00432.345.5040.6030

0.02830.06827.2717.09400.00003439.110.00281.523.5826.4140

0.02420.04785.0911.97500.00002941.660.00201.072.5018.5050

0.02090.03533.768.84600.00002531.880.00140.791.8513.6760

0.01600.02162.305.40800.00001940.790.00090.481.138.3580

0.01260.01451.553.641000.00001529.510.00060.320.765.63100

0.00770.00700.741.751500.0000931.700.00030.160.372.70150

0.00520.00410.441.022000.0000629.790.00020.090.211.58200

0.00380.00270.290.672500.0000457.070.00010.060.141.04250

0.00130.00070.080.185000.0000160.493.0E-050.020.040.28500

0.00050.00020.020.0510000.000055.897.4E-060.000.010.071000

D-86







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.07435276.510.604453.13124.80142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.06134358.640.499243.88103.09117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.05143649.090.418036.7486.3198.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.04363094.790.354531.1673.2083.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.03742656.010.304226.7462.8271.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.02842017.700.231120.3147.7254.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.02231586.220.181715.9737.5242.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0136969.720.11119.7622.9426.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0093659.990.07566.6415.6117.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0068482.190.05524.8511.4013.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0024173.330.01991.754.104.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000961.900.00710.621.461.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07430.604453.13124.80200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.06130.499243.88103.09300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.05140.418036.7486.31400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.04360.354531.1673.20500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.03740.304226.7462.82600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.02840.231120.3147.72800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.02230.181715.9737.521000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.01360.11119.7622.941500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00930.07566.6415.612000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00680.05524.8511.402500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00240.01991.754.105000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00090.00710.621.4610000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-87







0.02825276.510.00192.405.63142.83200.04355276.510.353831.1073.06142.8320

0.02334358.640.00151.984.65117.98300.03594358.640.292325.6960.35117.9830

0.01953649.090.00131.663.8998.78400.03013649.090.244721.5150.5398.7840

0.01663094.790.00111.403.3083.77500.02553094.790.207518.2442.8583.7750

0.01422656.010.00091.212.8371.89600.02192656.010.178115.6536.7871.8960

0.01082017.700.00070.922.1554.62800.01662017.700.135311.8927.9454.6280

0.00851586.220.00060.721.6942.941000.01311586.220.10649.3521.9642.94100

0.0052969.720.00030.441.0326.251500.0080969.720.06505.7213.4326.25150

0.0035659.990.00020.300.7017.862000.0054659.990.04433.899.1417.86200

0.0026482.190.00020.220.5113.052500.0040482.190.03232.846.6813.05250

0.0009173.330.00010.080.184.695000.0014173.330.01161.022.404.69500

0.000361.902.2E-050.030.071.6810000.000561.900.00420.360.861.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07170.355733.5078.69200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.05920.293827.6765.00300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.04960.246023.1654.42400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.04200.208619.6546.15500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.03610.179016.8639.61600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.02740.136012.8130.09800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.02150.106910.0723.661000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.01320.06546.1614.461500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00900.04454.199.842000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00660.03253.067.192500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00240.01171.102.585000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00080.00420.390.9210000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-88







0.03385276.510.00232.886.76142.83200.03165276.510.257122.6053.09142.8320

0.02804358.640.00192.385.58117.98300.02614358.640.212418.6743.85117.9830

0.02343649.090.00161.994.6798.78400.02193649.090.177815.6336.7198.7840

0.01993094.790.00131.693.9683.77500.01853094.790.150813.2531.1483.7750

0.01702656.010.00111.453.4071.89600.01592656.010.129411.3826.7271.8960

0.01292017.700.00091.102.5854.62800.01212017.700.09838.6420.3054.6280

0.01021586.220.00070.862.0342.941000.00951586.220.07736.7915.9642.94100

0.0062969.720.00040.531.2426.251500.0058969.720.04724.159.7626.25150

0.0042659.990.00030.360.8517.862000.0040659.990.03222.836.6417.86200

0.0031482.190.00020.260.6213.052500.0029482.190.02352.074.8513.05250

0.0011173.330.00010.090.224.695000.0010173.330.00840.741.744.69500

0.000461.902.6E-050.030.081.6810000.000461.900.00300.270.621.681000






0.06550.266429.3068.84200.00005276.510.00703.839.00142.8320

0.05410.220024.2156.87300.00004358.640.00583.167.43117.9830

0.04530.184220.2747.61400.00003649.090.00492.656.2298.7840

0.03840.156217.1940.38500.00003094.790.00412.255.2883.7750

0.03290.134114.7534.65600.00002656.010.00351.934.5371.8960

0.02500.101911.2126.32800.00002017.700.00271.463.4454.6280

0.01970.08018.8120.701000.00001586.220.00211.152.7142.94100

0.01200.04905.3912.651500.0000969.720.00130.701.6526.25150

0.00820.03333.678.612000.0000659.990.00090.481.1317.86200

0.00600.02432.686.292500.0000482.190.00060.350.8213.05250

0.00220.00880.962.265000.0000173.330.00020.130.304.69500

0.00080.00310.340.8110000.000061.900.00010.040.111.681000

D-89







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.04355276.510.353831.1073.06142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.03594358.640.292325.6960.35117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.03013649.090.244721.5150.5398.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.02553094.790.207518.2442.8583.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.02192656.010.178115.6536.7871.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.01662017.700.135311.8927.9454.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.01311586.220.10649.3521.9642.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0080969.720.06505.7213.4326.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0054659.990.04433.899.1417.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0040482.190.03232.846.6813.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0014173.330.01161.022.404.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000561.900.00420.360.861.681000






0.04350.368939.3392.40200.00005276.510.01518.2319.34142.8320

0.03590.304732.4976.33300.00004358.640.01256.8015.97117.9830

0.03010.255127.2063.90400.00003649.090.01045.6913.3798.7840

0.02550.216423.0754.19500.00003094.790.00894.8311.3483.7750

0.02190.185719.8046.51600.00002656.010.00764.149.7371.8960

0.01660.141115.0435.33800.00002017.700.00583.157.4054.6280

0.01310.110911.8227.781000.00001586.220.00452.475.8142.94100

0.00800.06787.2316.981500.0000969.720.00281.513.5526.25150

0.00540.04614.9211.562000.0000659.990.00191.032.4217.86200

0.00400.03373.598.442500.0000482.190.00140.751.7713.05250

0.00140.01211.293.045000.0000173.330.00050.270.644.69500

0.00050.00430.461.0810000.000061.900.00020.100.231.681000

D-90








0.00002850.300.00000.000.0072.47200.04012850.300.306726.9663.3272.4720

0.00002669.990.00000.000.0057.46300.03762669.990.243121.3750.2157.4630

0.00002147.670.00000.000.0037.02400.03022147.670.156613.7732.3537.0240

0.00001809.240.00000.000.0025.71500.02551809.240.10889.5622.4725.7150

0.00001526.840.00000.000.0018.87600.02151526.840.07987.0216.4918.8760

0.00001127.360.00000.000.0011.40800.01591127.360.04824.249.9611.4080

0.0000865.930.00000.000.007.621000.0122865.930.03222.836.667.62100

0.0000507.640.00000.000.003.601500.0071507.640.01521.343.153.60150

0.0000335.730.00000.000.002.092000.0047335.730.00880.781.832.09200

0.0000240.230.00000.000.001.362500.0034240.230.00580.511.191.36250

0.000081.500.00000.000.000.355000.001181.500.00150.130.310.35500

0.000027.650.00000.000.000.0910000.000427.650.00040.030.080.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.04010.306726.9663.32200.00002850.300.00000.000.0072.4720

0.03760.243121.3750.21300.00002669.990.00000.000.0057.4630

0.03020.156613.7732.35400.00002147.670.00000.000.0037.0240

0.02550.10889.5622.47500.00001809.240.00000.000.0025.7150

0.02150.07987.0216.49600.00001526.840.00000.000.0018.8760

0.01590.04824.249.96800.00001127.360.00000.000.0011.4080

0.01220.03222.836.661000.0000865.930.00000.000.007.62100

0.00710.01521.343.151500.0000507.640.00000.000.003.60150

0.00470.00880.781.832000.0000335.730.00000.000.002.09200

0.00340.00580.511.192500.0000240.230.00000.000.001.36250

0.00110.00150.130.315000.000081.500.00000.000.000.35500

0.00040.00040.030.0810000.000027.650.00000.000.000.091000D-91







0.01522850.300.00101.222.8672.47200.02352850.300.179515.7837.0772.4720

0.01432669.990.00080.962.2657.46300.02202669.990.142312.5129.3957.4630

0.01152147.670.00050.621.4637.02400.01772147.670.09178.0618.9437.0240

0.00971809.240.00030.431.0125.71500.01491809.240.06375.6013.1525.7150

0.00821526.840.00020.320.7418.87600.01261526.840.04674.119.6518.8760

0.00601127.360.00010.190.4511.40800.00931127.360.02822.485.8311.4080

0.0046865.930.00010.130.307.621000.0071865.930.01891.663.907.62100

0.0027507.644.7E-050.060.143.601500.0042507.640.00890.781.843.60150

0.0018335.732.7E-050.040.082.092000.0028335.730.00520.461.072.09200

0.0013240.231.8E-050.020.051.362500.0020240.230.00340.300.701.36250

0.000481.504.6E-060.010.010.355000.000781.500.00090.080.180.35500

0.000127.651.2E-060.000.000.0910000.000227.650.00020.020.050.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03870.180517.0039.93200.00002850.300.00000.000.0072.4720

0.03630.143113.4831.66300.00002669.990.00000.000.0057.4630

0.02920.09228.6820.40400.00002147.670.00000.000.0037.0240

0.02460.06406.0314.16500.00001809.240.00000.000.0025.7150

0.02070.04704.4310.40600.00001526.840.00000.000.0018.8760

0.01530.02842.676.28800.00001127.360.00000.000.0011.4080

0.01180.01901.794.201000.0000865.930.00000.000.007.62100

0.00690.00900.841.981500.0000507.640.00000.000.003.60150

0.00460.00520.491.152000.0000335.730.00000.000.002.09200

0.00330.00340.320.752500.0000240.230.00000.000.001.36250

0.00110.00090.080.195000.000081.500.00000.000.000.35500

0.00040.00020.020.0510000.000027.650.00000.000.000.091000

D-92







0.01832850.300.00111.463.4372.47200.01712850.300.130411.4726.9472.4720

0.01712669.990.00091.162.7257.46300.01602669.990.10349.0921.3657.4630

0.01382147.670.00060.751.7537.02400.01292147.670.06665.8613.7637.0240

0.01161809.240.00040.521.2225.71500.01081809.240.04634.079.5625.7150

0.00981526.840.00030.380.8918.87600.00911526.840.03402.997.0118.8760

0.00721127.360.00020.230.5411.40800.00681127.360.02051.804.2411.4080

0.0056865.930.00010.150.367.621000.0052865.930.01371.212.837.62100

0.0033507.640.00010.070.173.601500.0030507.640.00650.571.343.60150

0.0022335.733.3E-050.040.102.092000.0020335.730.00380.330.782.09200

0.0015240.232.1E-050.030.061.362500.0014240.230.00240.220.511.36250

0.000581.505.5E-060.010.020.355000.000581.500.00060.060.130.35500

0.000227.651.4E-060.000.000.0910000.000227.650.00020.010.030.091000






0.03540.135214.8734.93200.00002850.300.00361.944.5772.4720

0.03310.107211.7927.70300.00002669.990.00281.543.6257.4630

0.02660.06907.6017.84400.00002147.670.00180.992.3337.0240

0.02240.04795.2812.39500.00001809.240.00130.691.6225.7150

0.01890.03523.879.10600.00001526.840.00090.511.1918.8760

0.01400.02132.345.49800.00001127.360.00060.310.7211.4080

0.01070.01421.563.671000.0000865.930.00040.200.487.62100

0.00630.00670.741.741500.0000507.640.00020.100.233.60150

0.00420.00390.431.012000.0000335.730.00010.060.132.09200

0.00300.00250.280.662500.0000240.230.00010.040.091.36250

0.00100.00070.070.175000.000081.501.7E-050.010.020.35500

0.00030.00020.020.0410000.000027.654.4E-060.000.010.091000

D-93







0.00002850.300.00000.000.0072.47200.02352850.300.179515.7837.0772.4720

0.00002669.990.00000.000.0057.46300.02202669.990.142312.5129.3957.4630

0.00002147.670.00000.000.0037.02400.01772147.670.09178.0618.9437.0240

0.00001809.240.00000.000.0025.71500.01491809.240.06375.6013.1525.7150

0.00001526.840.00000.000.0018.87600.01261526.840.04674.119.6518.8760

0.00001127.360.00000.000.0011.40800.00931127.360.02822.485.8311.4080

0.0000865.930.00000.000.007.621000.0071865.930.01891.663.907.62100

0.0000507.640.00000.000.003.601500.0042507.640.00890.781.843.60150

0.0000335.730.00000.000.002.092000.0028335.730.00520.461.072.09200

0.0000240.230.00000.000.001.362500.0020240.230.00340.300.701.36250

0.000081.500.00000.000.000.355000.000781.500.00090.080.180.35500

0.000027.650.00000.000.000.0910000.000227.650.00020.020.050.091000






0.02350.187219.9646.88200.00002850.300.00774.189.8172.4720

0.02200.148415.8237.17300.00002669.990.00613.317.7857.4630

0.01770.095610.1923.95400.00002147.670.00392.135.0137.0240

0.01490.06647.0816.63500.00001809.240.00271.483.4825.7150

0.01260.04875.2012.21600.00001526.840.00201.092.5518.8760

0.00930.02943.147.38800.00001127.360.00120.661.5411.4080

0.00710.01972.104.931000.0000865.930.00080.441.037.62100

0.00420.00930.992.331500.0000507.640.00040.210.493.60150

0.00280.00540.581.352000.0000335.730.00020.120.282.09200

0.00200.00350.370.882500.0000240.230.00010.080.181.36250

0.00070.00090.100.235000.000081.503.7E-050.020.050.35500

0.00020.00020.020.0610000.000027.659.5E-060.010.010.091000

D-94







0.00005532.860.00000.000.0097.28200.07795532.860.411636.1885.0097.2820

0.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.32300.06824845.410.301826.5362.3271.3230

0.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.19400.05704048.280.195417.1840.3646.1940

0.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.27500.04813418.070.136512.0028.2032.2750

0.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.83600.04112918.050.10088.8620.8223.8360

0.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.54800.03092193.500.06155.4112.7014.5480

0.00001708.420.00000.000.009.801000.02401708.420.04153.658.569.80100

0.00001026.400.00000.000.004.701500.01441026.400.01991.754.114.70150

0.0000690.620.00000.000.002.752000.0097690.620.01161.022.402.75200

0.0000500.600.00000.000.001.812500.0070500.600.00770.671.581.81250

0.0000176.690.00000.000.000.485000.0025176.690.00200.180.420.48500

0.000062.470.00000.000.000.1410000.000962.470.00060.050.120.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07790.411636.1885.00200.00005532.860.00000.000.0097.2820

0.06820.301826.5362.32300.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.3230

0.05700.195417.1840.36400.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.1940

0.04810.136512.0028.20500.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.2750

0.04110.10088.8620.82600.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.8360

0.03090.06155.4112.70800.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.5480

0.02400.04153.658.561000.00001708.420.00000.000.009.80100

0.01440.01991.754.111500.00001026.400.00000.000.004.70150

0.00970.01161.022.402000.0000690.620.00000.000.002.75200

0.00700.00770.671.582500.0000500.600.00000.000.001.81250

0.00250.00200.180.425000.0000176.690.00000.000.000.48500

0.00090.00060.050.1210000.000062.470.00000.000.000.141000

D-95







0.02965532.860.00131.633.8397.28200.04565532.860.241021.1849.7697.2820

0.02594845.410.00091.202.8171.32300.03994845.410.176715.5336.4871.3230

0.02174048.280.00060.771.8246.19400.03334048.280.114410.0623.6346.1940

0.01833418.070.00040.541.2732.27500.02813418.070.07997.0316.5132.2750

0.01562918.050.00030.400.9423.83600.02402918.050.05905.1912.1923.8360

0.01172193.500.00020.240.5714.54800.01812193.500.03603.177.4414.5480

0.00911708.420.00010.160.399.801000.01411708.420.02432.135.019.80100

0.00551026.400.00010.080.194.701500.00851026.400.01161.022.404.70150

0.0037690.623.6E-050.050.112.752000.0057690.620.00680.601.412.75200

0.0027500.602.4E-050.030.071.812500.0041500.600.00450.390.931.81250

0.0009176.696.3E-060.010.020.485000.0015176.690.00120.100.250.48500

0.000362.471.8E-060.000.010.1410000.000562.470.00030.030.070.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07520.242322.8153.59200.00005532.860.00000.000.0097.2820

0.06580.177616.7339.29300.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.3230

0.05500.115010.8325.45400.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.1940

0.04640.08047.5717.78500.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.2750

0.03960.05935.5913.13600.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.8360

0.02980.03623.418.01800.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.5480

0.02320.02442.305.401000.00001708.420.00000.000.009.80100

0.01390.01171.102.591500.00001026.400.00000.000.004.70150

0.00940.00680.641.522000.0000690.620.00000.000.002.75200

0.00680.00450.421.002500.0000500.600.00000.000.001.81250

0.00240.00120.110.265000.0000176.690.00000.000.000.48500

0.00080.00030.030.0810000.000062.470.00000.000.000.141000

D-96







0.03555532.860.00151.964.6097.28200.03315532.860.175115.3936.1697.2820

0.03114845.410.00111.443.3771.32300.02904845.410.128411.2826.5171.3230

0.02604048.280.00070.932.1846.19400.02424048.280.08317.3117.1746.1940

0.02193418.070.00050.651.5332.27500.02053418.070.05815.1111.9932.2750

0.01872918.050.00040.481.1323.83600.01752918.050.04293.778.8623.8360

0.01412193.500.00020.290.6914.54800.01312193.500.02622.305.4014.5480

0.01101708.420.00020.200.469.801000.01021708.420.01761.553.649.80100

0.00661026.400.00010.090.224.701500.00611026.400.00850.741.754.70150

0.0044690.624.3E-050.060.132.752000.0041690.620.00500.441.022.75200

0.0032500.602.9E-050.040.091.812500.0030500.600.00330.290.671.81250

0.0011176.697.6E-060.010.020.485000.0011176.690.00090.080.180.48500

0.000462.472.2E-060.000.010.1410000.000462.470.00030.020.050.141000






0.06860.181419.9646.89200.00005532.860.00482.616.1397.2820

0.06010.133014.6334.38300.00004845.410.00351.914.4971.3230

0.05020.08619.4822.26400.00004048.280.00231.242.9146.1940

0.04240.06026.6215.55500.00003418.070.00160.872.0332.2750

0.03620.04444.8911.49600.00002918.050.00120.641.5023.8360

0.02720.02712.987.01800.00002193.500.00070.390.9214.5480

0.02120.01832.014.721000.00001708.420.00050.260.629.80100

0.01270.00880.962.271500.00001026.400.00020.130.304.70150

0.00860.00510.561.332000.0000690.620.00010.070.172.75200

0.00620.00340.370.872500.0000500.600.00010.050.111.81250

0.00220.00090.100.235000.0000176.692.4E-050.010.030.48500

0.00080.00030.030.0710000.000062.476.9E-060.000.010.141000

D-97







0.00005532.860.00000.000.0097.28200.04565532.860.241021.1849.7697.2820

0.00004845.410.00000.000.0071.32300.03994845.410.176715.5336.4871.3230

0.00004048.280.00000.000.0046.19400.03334048.280.114410.0623.6346.1940

0.00003418.070.00000.000.0032.27500.02813418.070.07997.0316.5132.2750

0.00002918.050.00000.000.0023.83600.02402918.050.05905.1912.1923.8360

0.00002193.500.00000.000.0014.54800.01812193.500.03603.177.4414.5480

0.00001708.420.00000.000.009.801000.01411708.420.02432.135.019.80100

0.00001026.400.00000.000.004.701500.00851026.400.01161.022.404.70150

0.0000690.620.00000.000.002.752000.0057690.620.00680.601.412.75200

0.0000500.600.00000.000.001.812500.0041500.600.00450.390.931.81250

0.0000176.690.00000.000.000.485000.0015176.690.00120.100.250.48500

0.000062.470.00000.000.000.1410000.000562.470.00030.030.070.141000






0.04560.251326.7962.93200.00005532.860.01035.6113.1797.2820

0.03990.184219.6446.14300.00004845.410.00754.119.6671.3230

0.03330.119312.7229.88400.00004048.280.00492.666.2546.1940

0.02810.08348.8920.88500.00003418.070.00341.864.3732.2750

0.02400.06166.5615.42600.00002918.050.00251.373.2323.8360

0.01810.03764.009.41800.00002193.500.00150.841.9714.5480

0.01410.02532.706.341000.00001708.420.00100.561.339.80100

0.00850.01211.293.041500.00001026.400.00050.270.644.70150

0.00570.00710.761.782000.0000690.620.00030.160.372.75200

0.00410.00470.501.172500.0000500.600.00020.100.251.81250

0.00150.00120.130.315000.0000176.690.00010.030.060.48500

0.00050.00040.040.0910000.000062.471.5E-050.010.020.141000

D-98







0.00003794.230.00000.000.0057.90200.05343794.230.245021.5450.5957.9020

0.00003373.600.00000.000.0042.67300.04753373.600.180615.8737.2842.6730

0.00002579.420.00000.000.0027.44400.03632579.420.116110.2123.9827.4440

0.00002118.710.00000.000.0019.05500.02982118.710.08067.0916.6519.0550

0.00001819.330.00000.000.0013.97600.02561819.330.05915.2012.2113.9760

0.00001377.520.00000.000.008.44800.01941377.520.03573.147.378.4480

0.00001077.140.00000.000.005.641000.01521077.140.02392.104.935.64100

0.0000649.650.00000.000.002.661500.0091649.650.01130.992.322.66150

0.0000438.540.00000.000.001.552000.0062438.540.00660.581.351.55200

0.0000319.330.00000.000.001.012500.0045319.330.00430.380.881.01250

0.0000113.980.00000.000.000.265000.0016113.980.00110.100.230.26500

0.000040.480.00000.000.000.0710000.000640.480.00030.030.060.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.05340.245021.5450.59200.00003794.230.00000.000.0057.9020

0.04750.180615.8737.28300.00003373.600.00000.000.0042.6730

0.03630.116110.2123.98400.00002579.420.00000.000.0027.4440

0.02980.08067.0916.65500.00002118.710.00000.000.0019.0550

0.02560.05915.2012.21600.00001819.330.00000.000.0013.9760

0.01940.03573.147.37800.00001377.520.00000.000.008.4480

0.01520.02392.104.931000.00001077.140.00000.000.005.64100

0.00910.01130.992.321500.0000649.650.00000.000.002.66150

0.00620.00660.581.352000.0000438.540.00000.000.001.55200

0.00450.00430.380.882500.0000319.330.00000.000.001.01250

0.00160.00110.100.235000.0000113.980.00000.000.000.26500

0.00060.00030.030.0610000.000040.480.00000.000.000.071000

D-99







0.02033794.230.00080.972.2857.90200.03123794.230.143412.6129.6257.9020

0.01803373.600.00060.721.6842.67300.02783373.600.10579.2921.8342.6730

0.01382579.420.00040.461.0827.44400.02122579.420.06805.9814.0427.4440

0.01132118.710.00030.320.7519.05500.01742118.710.04724.159.7419.0550

0.00971819.330.00020.230.5513.97600.01501819.330.03463.047.1513.9760

0.00741377.520.00010.140.338.44800.01131377.520.02091.844.328.4480

0.00581077.140.00010.090.225.641000.00891077.140.01401.232.895.64100

0.0035649.653.5E-050.040.102.661500.0053649.650.00660.581.362.66150

0.0023438.542.0E-050.030.061.552000.0036438.540.00380.340.791.55200

0.0017319.331.3E-050.020.041.012500.0026319.330.00250.220.521.01250

0.0006113.983.4E-060.000.010.265000.0009113.980.00060.060.130.26500

0.000240.489.2E-070.000.000.0710000.000340.480.00020.020.040.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.05150.144213.5831.90200.00003794.230.00000.000.0057.9020

0.04580.106310.0123.51300.00003373.600.00000.000.0042.6730

0.03500.06836.4415.12400.00002579.420.00000.000.0027.4440

0.02880.04744.4710.50500.00002118.710.00000.000.0019.0550

0.02470.03483.287.70600.00001819.330.00000.000.0013.9760

0.01870.02101.984.65800.00001377.520.00000.000.008.4480

0.01460.01401.323.111000.00001077.140.00000.000.005.64100

0.00880.00660.621.471500.0000649.650.00000.000.002.66150

0.00600.00390.360.852000.0000438.540.00000.000.001.55200

0.00430.00250.240.562500.0000319.330.00000.000.001.01250

0.00150.00060.060.145000.0000113.980.00000.000.000.26500

0.00050.00020.020.0410000.000040.480.00000.000.000.071000

D-100







0.02433794.230.00091.172.7457.90200.02273794.230.10429.1621.5257.9020

0.02163373.600.00070.862.0242.67300.02023373.600.07686.7515.8642.6730

0.01652579.420.00040.551.3027.44400.01552579.420.04944.3410.2027.4440

0.01362118.710.00030.380.9019.05500.01272118.710.03433.017.0819.0550

0.01171819.330.00020.280.6613.97600.01091819.330.02512.215.1913.9760

0.00881377.520.00010.170.408.44800.00831377.520.01521.343.148.4480

0.00691077.140.00010.110.275.641000.00651077.140.01020.892.105.64100

0.0042649.654.2E-050.050.132.661500.0039649.650.00480.420.992.66150

0.0028438.542.4E-050.030.071.552000.0026438.540.00280.250.581.55200

0.0020319.331.6E-050.020.051.012500.0019319.330.00180.160.381.01250

0.0007113.984.1E-060.010.010.265000.0007113.980.00050.040.100.26500

0.000340.481.1E-060.000.000.0710000.000240.480.00010.010.030.071000






0.04710.108011.8827.91200.00003794.230.00281.553.6557.9020

0.04180.07968.7520.57300.00003373.600.00211.142.6942.6730

0.03200.05125.6313.23400.00002579.420.00140.741.7327.4440

0.02630.03553.919.18500.00002118.710.00090.511.2019.0550

0.02260.02612.876.73600.00001819.330.00070.370.8813.9760

0.01710.01571.734.07800.00001377.520.00040.230.538.4480

0.01340.01051.162.721000.00001077.140.00030.150.365.64100

0.00810.00500.551.281500.0000649.650.00010.070.172.66150

0.00540.00290.320.752000.0000438.540.00010.040.101.55200

0.00400.00190.210.492500.0000319.335.0E-050.030.061.01250

0.00140.00050.050.135000.0000113.981.3E-050.010.020.26500

0.00050.00010.010.0310000.000040.483.4E-060.000.000.071000

D-101







0.00003794.230.00000.000.0057.90200.03123794.230.143412.6129.6257.9020

0.00003373.600.00000.000.0042.67300.02783373.600.10579.2921.8342.6730

0.00002579.420.00000.000.0027.44400.02122579.420.06805.9814.0427.4440

0.00002118.710.00000.000.0019.05500.01742118.710.04724.159.7419.0550

0.00001819.330.00000.000.0013.97600.01501819.330.03463.047.1513.9760

0.00001377.520.00000.000.008.44800.01131377.520.02091.844.328.4480

0.00001077.140.00000.000.005.641000.00891077.140.01401.232.895.64100

0.0000649.650.00000.000.002.661500.0053649.650.00660.581.362.66150

0.0000438.540.00000.000.001.552000.0036438.540.00380.340.791.55200

0.0000319.330.00000.000.001.012500.0026319.330.00250.220.521.01250

0.0000113.980.00000.000.000.265000.0009113.980.00060.060.130.26500

0.000040.480.00000.000.000.0710000.000340.480.00020.020.040.071000






0.03120.149615.9437.46200.00003794.230.00613.347.8457.9020

0.02780.110211.7527.60300.00003373.600.00452.465.7842.6730

0.02120.07097.5617.75400.00002579.420.00291.583.7227.4440

0.01740.04925.2512.32500.00002118.710.00201.102.5819.0550

0.01500.03613.859.04600.00001819.330.00150.811.8913.9760

0.01130.02182.325.46800.00001377.520.00090.491.148.4480

0.00890.01461.553.651000.00001077.140.00060.330.765.64100

0.00530.00690.731.721500.0000649.650.00030.150.362.66150

0.00360.00400.431.002000.0000438.540.00020.090.211.55200

0.00260.00260.280.652500.0000319.330.00010.060.141.01250

0.00090.00070.070.175000.0000113.982.8E-050.010.040.26500

0.00030.00020.020.0510000.000040.487.4E-060.000.010.071000

D-102







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.07435276.510.604453.13124.80142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.06134358.640.499243.88103.09117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.05143649.090.418036.7486.3198.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.04363094.790.354531.1673.2083.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.03742656.010.304226.7462.8271.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.02842017.700.231120.3147.7254.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.02231586.220.181715.9737.5242.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0136969.720.11119.7622.9426.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0093659.990.07566.6415.6117.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0068482.190.05524.8511.4013.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0024173.330.01991.754.104.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000961.900.00710.621.461.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07430.604453.13124.80200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.06130.499243.88103.09300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.05140.418036.7486.31400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.04360.354531.1673.20500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.03740.304226.7462.82600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.02840.231120.3147.72800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.02230.181715.9737.521000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.01360.11119.7622.941500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00930.07566.6415.612000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00680.05524.8511.402500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00240.01991.754.105000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00090.00710.621.4610000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-103







0.02825276.510.00192.405.63142.83200.04355276.510.353831.1073.06142.8320

0.02334358.640.00151.984.65117.98300.03594358.640.292325.6960.35117.9830

0.01953649.090.00131.663.8998.78400.03013649.090.244721.5150.5398.7840

0.01663094.790.00111.403.3083.77500.02553094.790.207518.2442.8583.7750

0.01422656.010.00091.212.8371.89600.02192656.010.178115.6536.7871.8960

0.01082017.700.00070.922.1554.62800.01662017.700.135311.8927.9454.6280

0.00851586.220.00060.721.6942.941000.01311586.220.10649.3521.9642.94100

0.0052969.720.00030.441.0326.251500.0080969.720.06505.7213.4326.25150

0.0035659.990.00020.300.7017.862000.0054659.990.04433.899.1417.86200

0.0026482.190.00020.220.5113.052500.0040482.190.03232.846.6813.05250

0.0009173.330.00010.080.184.695000.0014173.330.01161.022.404.69500

0.000361.902.2E-050.030.071.6810000.000561.900.00420.360.861.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.07170.355733.5078.69200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.05920.293827.6765.00300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.04960.246023.1654.42400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.04200.208619.6546.15500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.03610.179016.8639.61600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.02740.136012.8130.09800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.02150.106910.0723.661000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.01320.06546.1614.461500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00900.04454.199.842000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00660.03253.067.192500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00240.01171.102.585000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00080.00420.390.9210000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-104







0.03385276.510.00232.886.76142.83200.03165276.510.257122.6053.09142.8320

0.02804358.640.00192.385.58117.98300.02614358.640.212418.6743.85117.9830

0.02343649.090.00161.994.6798.78400.02193649.090.177815.6336.7198.7840

0.01993094.790.00131.693.9683.77500.01853094.790.150813.2531.1483.7750

0.01702656.010.00111.453.4071.89600.01592656.010.129411.3826.7271.8960

0.01292017.700.00091.102.5854.62800.01212017.700.09838.6420.3054.6280

0.01021586.220.00070.862.0342.941000.00951586.220.07736.7915.9642.94100

0.0062969.720.00040.531.2426.251500.0058969.720.04724.159.7626.25150

0.0042659.990.00030.360.8517.862000.0040659.990.03222.836.6417.86200

0.0031482.190.00020.260.6213.052500.0029482.190.02352.074.8513.05250

0.0011173.330.00010.090.224.695000.0010173.330.00840.741.744.69500

0.000461.902.6E-050.030.081.6810000.000461.900.00300.270.621.681000






0.06550.266429.3068.84200.00005276.510.00703.839.00142.8320

0.05410.220024.2156.87300.00004358.640.00583.167.43117.9830

0.04530.184220.2747.61400.00003649.090.00492.656.2298.7840

0.03840.156217.1940.38500.00003094.790.00412.255.2883.7750

0.03290.134114.7534.65600.00002656.010.00351.934.5371.8960

0.02500.101911.2126.32800.00002017.700.00271.463.4454.6280

0.01970.08018.8120.701000.00001586.220.00211.152.7142.94100

0.01200.04905.3912.651500.0000969.720.00130.701.6526.25150

0.00820.03333.678.612000.0000659.990.00090.481.1317.86200

0.00600.02432.686.292500.0000482.190.00060.350.8213.05250

0.00220.00880.962.265000.0000173.330.00020.130.304.69500

0.00080.00310.340.8110000.000061.900.00010.040.111.681000

D-105







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.04355276.510.353831.1073.06142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.03594358.640.292325.6960.35117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.03013649.090.244721.5150.5398.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.02553094.790.207518.2442.8583.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.02192656.010.178115.6536.7871.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.01662017.700.135311.8927.9454.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.01311586.220.10649.3521.9642.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0080969.720.06505.7213.4326.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0054659.990.04433.899.1417.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0040482.190.03232.846.6813.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0014173.330.01161.022.404.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000561.900.00420.360.861.681000






0.04350.368939.3392.40200.00005276.510.01518.2319.34142.8320

0.03590.304732.4976.33300.00004358.640.01256.8015.97117.9830

0.03010.255127.2063.90400.00003649.090.01045.6913.3798.7840

0.02550.216423.0754.19500.00003094.790.00894.8311.3483.7750

0.02190.185719.8046.51600.00002656.010.00764.149.7371.8960

0.01660.141115.0435.33800.00002017.700.00583.157.4054.6280

0.01310.110911.8227.781000.00001586.220.00452.475.8142.94100

0.00800.06787.2316.981500.0000969.720.00281.513.5526.25150

0.00540.04614.9211.562000.0000659.990.00191.032.4217.86200

0.00400.03373.598.442500.0000482.190.00140.751.7713.05250

0.00140.01211.293.045000.0000173.330.00050.270.644.69500

0.00050.00430.461.0810000.000061.900.00020.100.231.681000

D-106








0.00001344.250.00000.000.0017.91200.01891344.250.07586.6615.6517.9120

0.00001964.950.00000.000.0042.20300.02771964.950.178615.7036.8742.2030

0.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.87400.02401702.100.151813.3431.3435.8740

0.00002640.900.00000.000.0033.01500.03722640.900.139712.2828.8433.0150

0.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.91600.03522498.240.113910.0123.5126.9160

0.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.68800.02701915.640.06635.8313.7015.6880

0.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.281000.02131511.070.04353.828.9810.28100

0.0000927.460.00000.000.004.761500.0131927.460.02011.774.164.76150

0.0000633.440.00000.000.002.752000.0089633.440.01161.022.402.75200

0.0000464.370.00000.000.001.792500.0065464.370.00760.671.561.79250

0.0000169.000.00000.000.000.475000.0024169.000.00200.170.410.47500

0.000061.000.00000.000.000.1210000.000961.000.00050.040.100.121000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01890.07586.6615.65200.00001344.250.00000.000.0017.9120

0.02770.178615.7036.87300.00001964.950.00000.000.0042.2030

0.02400.151813.3431.34400.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.8740

0.03720.139712.2828.84500.00002640.900.00000.000.0033.0150

0.03520.113910.0123.51600.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.9160

0.02700.06635.8313.70800.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.6880

0.02130.04353.828.981000.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.28100

0.01310.02011.774.161500.0000927.460.00000.000.004.76150

0.00890.01161.022.402000.0000633.440.00000.000.002.75200

0.00650.00760.671.562500.0000464.370.00000.000.001.79250

0.00240.00200.170.415000.0000169.000.00000.000.000.47500

0.00090.00050.040.1010000.000061.000.00000.000.000.121000D-107







0.00721344.250.00020.300.7117.91200.01111344.250.04443.909.1617.9120

0.01051964.950.00060.711.6642.20300.01621964.950.10459.1921.5942.2030

0.00911702.100.00050.601.4135.87400.01401702.100.08897.8118.3535.8740

0.01412640.900.00040.551.3033.01500.02172640.900.08187.1916.8933.0150

0.01342498.240.00040.451.0626.91600.02062498.240.06675.8613.7726.9160

0.01021915.640.00020.260.6215.68800.01581915.640.03883.418.0215.6880

0.00811511.070.00010.170.4110.281000.01241511.070.02552.245.2610.28100

0.0050927.460.00010.080.194.761500.0076927.460.01181.042.434.76150

0.0034633.443.6E-050.050.112.752000.0052633.440.00680.601.412.75200

0.0025464.372.4E-050.030.071.792500.0038464.370.00440.390.921.79250

0.0009169.006.2E-060.010.020.475000.0014169.000.00120.100.240.47500

0.000361.001.6E-060.000.000.1210000.000561.000.00030.030.060.121000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01830.04464.209.87200.00001344.250.00000.000.0017.9120

0.02670.10519.9023.25300.00001964.950.00000.000.0042.2030

0.02310.08938.4119.76400.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.8740

0.03590.08227.7418.19500.00002640.900.00000.000.0033.0150

0.03390.06706.3114.83600.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.9160

0.02600.03903.688.64800.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.6880

0.02050.02562.415.661000.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.28100

0.01260.01191.122.621500.0000927.460.00000.000.004.76150

0.00860.00680.641.522000.0000633.440.00000.000.002.75200

0.00630.00450.420.992500.0000464.370.00000.000.001.79250

0.00230.00120.110.265000.0000169.000.00000.000.000.47500

0.00080.00030.030.0710000.000061.000.00000.000.000.121000

D-108







0.00861344.250.00020.290.6814.40200.00811344.250.03222.836.6617.9120

0.01261964.950.00030.441.0422.00300.01181964.950.07606.6815.6942.2030

0.01091702.100.00030.340.8017.01400.01021702.100.06465.6813.3335.8740

0.01692640.900.00020.300.6914.68500.01582640.900.05945.2212.2733.0150

0.01602498.240.00020.220.5311.12600.01502498.240.04844.2610.0026.9160

0.01231915.640.00010.130.316.47800.01151915.640.02822.485.8315.6880

0.00971511.070.00010.090.204.241000.00911511.070.01851.633.8210.28100

0.0059927.463.0E-050.040.091.881500.0056927.460.00860.751.774.76150

0.0041633.441.7E-050.020.051.052000.0038633.440.00500.441.022.75200

0.0030464.371.0E-050.010.030.672500.0028464.370.00320.280.671.79250

0.0011169.002.8E-060.000.010.175000.0010169.000.00080.070.170.47500

0.000461.007.0E-070.000.000.0410000.000461.000.00020.020.040.121000






0.01670.03333.608.47200.00001344.250.00090.481.1317.9120

0.02440.07848.2519.38300.00001964.950.00211.132.6642.2030

0.02110.06666.9816.40400.00001702.100.00180.962.2635.8740

0.03280.06136.4015.04500.00002640.900.00160.892.0833.0150

0.03100.04995.2012.22600.00002498.240.00130.721.7026.9160

0.02380.02913.037.12800.00001915.640.00080.420.9915.6880

0.01870.01911.994.671000.00001511.070.00050.280.6510.28100

0.01150.00880.922.161500.0000927.460.00020.130.304.76150

0.00790.00510.531.252000.0000633.440.00010.070.172.75200

0.00580.00330.340.812500.0000464.370.00010.050.111.79250

0.00210.00090.090.215000.0000169.002.3E-050.010.030.47500

0.00080.00020.020.0510000.000061.005.9E-060.000.010.121000

D-109







0.00001344.250.00000.000.0017.91200.01111344.250.04443.909.1617.9120

0.00001964.950.00000.000.0042.20300.01621964.950.10459.1921.5942.2030

0.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.87400.01401702.100.08897.8118.3535.8740

0.00002640.900.00000.000.0033.01500.02172640.900.08187.1916.8933.0150

0.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.91600.02062498.240.06675.8613.7726.9160

0.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.68800.01581915.640.03883.418.0215.6880

0.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.281000.01241511.070.02552.245.2610.28100

0.0000927.460.00000.000.004.761500.0076927.460.01181.042.434.76150

0.0000633.440.00000.000.002.752000.0052633.440.00680.601.412.75200

0.0000464.370.00000.000.001.792500.0038464.370.00440.390.921.79250

0.0000169.000.00000.000.000.475000.0014169.000.00120.100.240.47500

0.000061.000.00000.000.000.1210000.000561.000.00030.030.060.121000






0.01110.04634.9311.59200.00001344.250.00191.032.4317.9120

0.01620.109011.6227.30300.00001964.950.00452.435.7142.2030

0.01400.09269.8823.21400.00001702.100.00382.074.8635.8740

0.02170.08539.0921.36500.00002640.900.00351.904.4733.0150

0.02060.06957.4117.41600.00002498.240.00281.553.6426.9160

0.01580.04054.3210.14800.00001915.640.00170.902.1215.6880

0.01240.02662.836.651000.00001511.070.00110.591.3910.28100

0.00760.01231.313.081500.0000927.460.00050.270.644.76150

0.00520.00710.761.782000.0000633.440.00030.160.372.75200

0.00380.00460.491.162500.0000464.370.00020.100.241.79250

0.00140.00120.130.305000.0000169.005.0E-050.030.060.47500

0.00050.00030.030.0810000.000061.001.3E-050.010.020.121000

D-110







0.00001343.620.00000.000.0031.15200.01891343.620.131811.5927.2231.1520

0.00001964.470.00000.000.0057.73300.02761964.470.244321.4750.4457.7330

0.00001701.540.00000.000.0044.96400.02391701.540.190216.7239.2944.9640

0.00002643.730.00000.000.0041.98500.03722643.730.177615.6136.6841.9850

0.00002497.420.00000.000.0035.48600.03522497.420.150113.2031.0035.4860

0.00001914.710.00000.000.0020.76800.02691914.710.08787.7218.1420.7680

0.00001510.100.00000.000.0013.591000.02131510.100.05755.0511.8713.59100

0.0000926.570.00000.000.006.261500.0130926.570.02652.335.476.26150

0.0000632.670.00000.000.003.602000.0089632.670.01521.343.153.60200

0.0000463.720.00000.000.002.342500.0065463.720.00990.872.042.34250

0.0000168.650.00000.000.000.615000.0024168.650.00260.230.530.61500

0.000060.830.00000.000.000.1610000.000960.830.00070.060.140.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01890.131811.5927.22200.00001343.620.00000.000.0031.1520

0.02760.244321.4750.44300.00001964.470.00000.000.0057.7330

0.02390.190216.7239.29400.00001701.540.00000.000.0044.9640

0.03720.177615.6136.68500.00002643.730.00000.000.0041.9850

0.03520.150113.2031.00600.00002497.420.00000.000.0035.4860

0.02690.08787.7218.14800.00001914.710.00000.000.0020.7680

0.02130.05755.0511.871000.00001510.100.00000.000.0013.59100

0.01300.02652.335.471500.0000926.570.00000.000.006.26150

0.00890.01521.343.152000.0000632.670.00000.000.003.60200

0.00650.00990.872.042500.0000463.720.00000.000.002.34250

0.00240.00260.230.535000.0000168.650.00000.000.000.61500

0.00090.00070.060.1410000.000060.830.00000.000.000.161000

D-111







0.00721343.620.00040.521.2331.15200.01111343.620.07726.7815.9331.1520

0.01051964.470.00080.972.2757.73300.01621964.470.143012.5729.5357.7330

0.00911701.540.00060.751.7744.96400.01401701.540.11149.7923.0044.9640

0.01412643.730.00060.701.6541.98500.02182643.730.10409.1421.4741.9850

0.01342497.420.00050.601.4035.48600.02062497.420.08797.7318.1535.4860

0.01021914.710.00030.350.8220.76800.01581914.710.05144.5210.6220.7680

0.00811510.100.00020.230.5413.591000.01241510.100.03372.966.9513.59100

0.0050926.570.00010.100.256.261500.0076926.570.01551.363.206.26150

0.0034632.674.7E-050.060.143.602000.0052632.670.00890.781.843.60200

0.0025463.723.1E-050.040.092.342500.0038463.720.00580.511.202.34250

0.0009168.658.0E-060.010.020.615000.0014168.650.00150.130.310.61500

0.000360.832.1E-060.000.010.1610000.000560.830.00040.030.080.161000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01830.07767.3117.16200.00001343.620.00000.000.0031.1520

0.02670.143813.5431.81300.00001964.470.00000.000.0057.7330

0.02310.112010.5424.77400.00001701.540.00000.000.0044.9640

0.03590.10459.8523.13500.00002643.730.00000.000.0041.9850

0.03390.08848.3219.55600.00002497.420.00000.000.0035.4860

0.02600.05174.8711.44800.00001914.710.00000.000.0020.7680

0.02050.03383.197.491000.00001510.100.00000.000.0013.59100

0.01260.01561.473.451500.0000926.570.00000.000.006.26150

0.00860.00900.841.982000.0000632.670.00000.000.003.60200

0.00630.00580.551.292500.0000463.720.00000.000.002.34250

0.00230.00150.140.345000.0000168.650.00000.000.000.61500

0.00080.00040.040.0910000.000060.830.00000.000.000.161000

D-112







0.00861343.620.00050.631.4731.15200.00801343.620.05614.9311.5831.1520

0.01261964.470.00091.162.7357.73300.01181964.470.10399.1321.4657.7330

0.01091701.540.00070.912.1344.96400.01021701.540.08097.1116.7144.9640

0.01702643.730.00070.851.9941.98500.01582643.730.07566.6415.6041.9850

0.01602497.420.00060.711.6835.48600.01502497.420.06395.6113.1935.4860

0.01231914.710.00030.420.9820.76800.01151914.710.03743.287.7220.7680

0.00971510.100.00020.270.6413.591000.00901510.100.02452.155.0513.59100

0.0059926.570.00010.130.306.261500.0056926.570.01130.992.336.26150

0.0041632.670.00010.070.173.602000.0038632.670.00650.571.343.60200

0.0030463.723.7E-050.050.112.342500.0028463.720.00420.370.872.34250

0.0011168.659.6E-060.010.030.615000.0010168.650.00110.100.230.61500

0.000460.832.5E-060.000.010.1610000.000460.830.00030.030.060.161000






0.01670.05816.3915.01200.00001343.620.00150.841.9631.1520

0.02440.107711.8427.83300.00001964.470.00281.553.6457.7330

0.02110.08389.2221.67400.00001701.540.00221.212.8344.9640

0.03280.07838.6120.23500.00002643.730.00211.132.6441.9850

0.03100.06627.2817.10600.00002497.420.00170.952.2435.4860

0.02380.03874.2610.01800.00001914.710.00100.561.3120.7680

0.01870.02532.796.551000.00001510.100.00070.360.8613.59100

0.01150.01171.283.021500.0000926.570.00030.170.396.26150

0.00780.00670.741.742000.0000632.670.00020.100.233.60200

0.00580.00440.481.132500.0000463.720.00010.060.152.34250

0.00210.00110.130.295000.0000168.653.0E-050.020.040.61500

0.00080.00030.030.0810000.000060.837.9E-060.000.010.161000

D-113







0.00001343.620.00000.000.0031.15200.01111343.620.07726.7815.9331.1520

0.00001964.470.00000.000.0057.73300.01621964.470.143012.5729.5357.7330

0.00001701.540.00000.000.0044.96400.01401701.540.11149.7923.0044.9640

0.00002643.730.00000.000.0041.98500.02182643.730.10409.1421.4741.9850

0.00002497.420.00000.000.0035.48600.02062497.420.08797.7318.1535.4860

0.00001914.710.00000.000.0020.76800.01581914.710.05144.5210.6220.7680

0.00001510.100.00000.000.0013.591000.01241510.100.03372.966.9513.59100

0.0000926.570.00000.000.006.261500.0076926.570.01551.363.206.26150

0.0000632.670.00000.000.003.602000.0052632.670.00890.781.843.60200

0.0000463.720.00000.000.002.342500.0038463.720.00580.511.202.34250

0.0000168.650.00000.000.000.615000.0014168.650.00150.130.310.61500

0.000060.830.00000.000.000.1610000.000560.830.00040.030.080.161000






0.01110.08058.5820.15200.00001343.620.00331.804.2231.1520

0.01620.149115.9037.35300.00001964.470.00613.337.8257.7330

0.01400.116112.3829.09400.00001701.540.00482.596.0944.9640

0.02180.108411.5627.16500.00002643.730.00442.425.6841.9850

0.02060.09169.7722.95600.00002497.420.00382.044.8035.4860

0.01580.05365.7213.43800.00001914.710.00221.202.8120.7680

0.01240.03513.748.791000.00001510.100.00140.781.8413.59100

0.00760.01621.724.051500.0000926.570.00070.360.856.26150

0.00520.00930.992.332000.0000632.670.00040.210.493.60200

0.00380.00600.641.512500.0000463.720.00020.130.322.34250

0.00140.00160.170.395000.0000168.650.00010.040.080.61500

0.00050.00040.040.1010000.000060.831.7E-050.010.020.161000

D-114







0.00001242.490.00000.000.0015.58200.01751242.490.06595.8013.6115.5820

0.00001456.600.00000.000.0024.65300.02051456.600.10439.1721.5424.6530

0.00001455.870.00000.000.0018.32400.02051455.870.07756.8116.0118.3240

0.00001716.380.00000.000.0016.79500.02421716.380.07106.2514.6716.7950

0.00001622.230.00000.000.0015.06600.02281622.230.06375.6013.1615.0660

0.00001243.920.00000.000.008.95800.01751243.920.03793.337.828.9580

0.0000981.210.00000.000.005.911000.0138981.210.02502.205.165.91100

0.0000669.930.00000.000.002.761500.0094669.930.01171.032.412.76150

0.0000487.140.00000.000.001.602000.0069487.140.00680.601.401.60200

0.0000367.880.00000.000.001.052500.0052367.880.00440.390.921.05250

0.0000145.980.00000.000.000.285000.0021145.980.00120.100.240.28500

0.000053.800.00000.000.000.0710000.000853.800.00030.030.060.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01750.06595.8013.61200.00001242.490.00000.000.0015.5820

0.02050.10439.1721.54300.00001456.600.00000.000.0024.6530

0.02050.07756.8116.01400.00001455.870.00000.000.0018.3240

0.02420.07106.2514.67500.00001716.380.00000.000.0016.7950

0.02280.06375.6013.16600.00001622.230.00000.000.0015.0660

0.01750.03793.337.82800.00001243.920.00000.000.008.9580

0.01380.02502.205.161000.0000981.210.00000.000.005.91100

0.00940.01171.032.411500.0000669.930.00000.000.002.76150

0.00690.00680.601.402000.0000487.140.00000.000.001.60200

0.00520.00440.390.922500.0000367.880.00000.000.001.05250

0.00210.00120.100.245000.0000145.980.00000.000.000.28500

0.00080.00030.030.0610000.000053.800.00000.000.000.071000

D-115







0.00661242.490.00020.260.6115.58200.01021242.490.06593.397.9715.5820

0.00781456.600.00030.410.9724.65300.01201456.600.10435.3712.6124.6530

0.00781455.870.00020.310.7218.32400.01201455.870.07753.999.3718.3240

0.00921716.380.00020.280.6616.79500.01411716.380.07103.668.5916.7950

0.00871622.230.00020.250.5915.06600.01341622.230.06373.287.7015.0660

0.00671243.920.00010.150.358.95800.01021243.920.03791.954.588.9580

0.0052981.210.00010.100.235.911000.0081981.210.02501.293.025.91100

0.0036669.933.6E-050.050.112.761500.0055669.930.01170.601.412.76150

0.0026487.142.1E-050.030.061.602000.0040487.140.00680.350.821.60200

0.0020367.881.4E-050.020.041.052500.0030367.880.00440.230.541.05250

0.0008145.983.7E-060.000.010.285000.0012145.980.00120.060.140.28500

0.000353.809.2E-070.000.000.0710000.000453.800.00030.020.040.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01690.06613.658.58200.00001242.490.00000.000.0015.5820

0.01980.10465.7813.58300.00001456.600.00000.000.0024.6530

0.01980.07784.3010.09400.00001455.870.00000.000.0018.3240

0.02330.07133.949.25500.00001716.380.00000.000.0016.7950

0.02200.06393.538.30600.00001622.230.00000.000.0015.0660

0.01690.03802.104.93800.00001243.920.00000.000.008.9580

0.01330.02511.393.261000.0000981.210.00000.000.005.91100

0.00910.01170.651.521500.0000669.930.00000.000.002.76150

0.00660.00680.380.882000.0000487.140.00000.000.001.60200

0.00500.00450.250.582500.0000367.880.00000.000.001.05250

0.00200.00120.070.155000.0000145.980.00000.000.000.28500

0.00070.00030.020.0410000.000053.800.00000.000.000.071000

D-116







0.00801242.490.00020.310.7415.58200.00741242.490.02802.475.7915.5820

0.00931456.600.00040.501.1724.65300.00871456.600.04443.909.1624.6530

0.00931455.870.00030.370.8718.32400.00871455.870.03302.906.8118.3240

0.01101716.380.00030.340.7916.79500.01031716.380.03022.666.2416.7950

0.01041622.230.00020.300.7115.06600.00971622.230.02712.385.6015.0660

0.00801243.920.00010.180.428.95800.00751243.920.01611.423.338.9580

0.0063981.210.00010.120.285.911000.0059981.210.01060.942.205.91100

0.0043669.934.4E-050.060.132.761500.0040669.930.00500.441.032.76150

0.0031487.142.5E-050.030.081.602000.0029487.140.00290.250.591.60200

0.0024367.881.7E-050.020.051.052500.0022367.880.00190.170.391.05250

0.0009145.984.4E-060.010.010.285000.0009145.980.00050.040.100.28500

0.000353.801.1E-060.000.000.0710000.000353.800.00010.010.030.071000






0.01540.02913.207.51200.00001242.490.00080.420.9815.5820

0.01810.04605.0611.88300.00001456.600.00120.661.5524.6530

0.01810.03423.768.83400.00001455.870.00090.491.1518.3240

0.02130.03133.448.09500.00001716.380.00080.451.0616.7950

0.02010.02813.097.26600.00001622.230.00070.400.9515.0660

0.01540.01671.844.31800.00001243.920.00040.240.568.9580

0.01220.01101.212.851000.0000981.210.00030.160.375.91100

0.00830.00510.571.331500.0000669.930.00010.070.172.76150

0.00600.00300.330.772000.0000487.140.00010.040.101.60200

0.00460.00200.220.512500.0000367.880.00010.030.071.05250

0.00180.00050.060.135000.0000145.981.4E-050.010.020.28500

0.00070.00010.010.0310000.000053.803.4E-060.000.000.071000

D-117







0.00001242.490.00000.000.0015.58200.01021242.490.03863.397.9715.5820

0.00001456.600.00000.000.0024.65300.01201456.600.06115.3712.6124.6530

0.00001455.870.00000.000.0018.32400.01201455.870.04543.999.3718.3240

0.00001716.380.00000.000.0016.79500.01411716.380.04163.668.5916.7950

0.00001622.230.00000.000.0015.06600.01341622.230.03733.287.7015.0660

0.00001243.920.00000.000.008.95800.01021243.920.02221.954.588.9580

0.0000981.210.00000.000.005.911000.0081981.210.01461.293.025.91100

0.0000669.930.00000.000.002.761500.0055669.930.00680.601.412.76150

0.0000487.140.00000.000.001.602000.0040487.140.00400.350.821.60200

0.0000367.880.00000.000.001.052500.0030367.880.00260.230.541.05250

0.0000145.980.00000.000.000.285000.0012145.980.00070.060.140.28500

0.000053.800.00000.000.000.0710000.000453.800.00020.020.040.071000






0.01020.04024.2910.08200.00001242.490.00160.902.1115.5820

0.01200.06376.7915.95300.00001456.600.00261.423.3424.6530

0.01200.04735.0511.85400.00001455.870.00191.062.4818.3240

0.01410.04344.6210.86500.00001716.380.00180.972.2716.7950

0.01340.03894.159.74600.00001622.230.00160.872.0415.0660

0.01020.02312.465.79800.00001243.920.00090.521.218.9580

0.00810.01531.633.821000.0000981.210.00060.340.805.91100

0.00550.00710.761.791500.0000669.930.00030.160.372.76150

0.00400.00410.441.042000.0000487.140.00020.090.221.60200

0.00300.00270.290.682500.0000367.880.00010.060.141.05250

0.00120.00070.080.185000.0000145.983.0E-050.020.040.28500

0.00040.00020.020.0510000.000053.807.4E-060.000.010.071000

D-118







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.03862744.960.314427.6464.9274.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.03362385.450.273224.0256.4264.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.02942088.050.239221.0249.3956.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.02591841.400.210918.5443.5549.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.02301635.590.187316.4738.6944.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.01851315.960.150713.2531.1335.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.01521083.100.124110.9025.6229.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0101718.690.08237.2417.0019.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0073516.250.05915.2012.2113.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0055391.810.04493.949.2710.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0022154.560.01771.563.664.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000858.400.00670.591.381.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03860.314427.6464.92200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.03360.273224.0256.42300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.02940.239221.0249.39400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.02590.210918.5443.55500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.02300.187316.4738.69600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.01850.150713.2531.13800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.01520.124110.9025.621000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.01010.08237.2417.001500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00730.05915.2012.212000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00550.04493.949.272500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00220.01771.563.665000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00080.00670.591.3810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-119







0.01472744.960.00101.252.9374.30200.02262744.960.184116.1838.0174.3020

0.01282385.450.00081.082.5464.57300.01962385.450.160014.0633.0364.5730

0.01122088.050.00070.952.2356.52400.01722088.050.140012.3128.9156.5240

0.00991841.400.00070.841.9649.84500.01521841.400.123510.8525.5049.8450

0.00881635.590.00060.741.7444.27600.01351635.590.10979.6422.6544.2760

0.00701315.960.00050.601.4035.62800.01081315.960.08827.7618.2235.6280

0.00581083.100.00040.491.1629.321000.00891083.100.07266.3815.0029.32100

0.0038718.690.00030.330.7719.451500.0059718.690.04824.249.9519.45150

0.0028516.250.00020.230.5513.972000.0043516.250.03463.047.1513.97200

0.0021391.810.00010.180.4210.612500.0032391.810.02632.315.4310.61250

0.0008154.560.00010.070.164.185000.0013154.560.01040.912.144.18500

0.000358.402.1E-050.030.061.5810000.000558.400.00390.340.811.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03730.185017.4340.94200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.03240.160815.1435.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.02840.140813.2631.14400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.02500.124111.6927.46500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.02220.110310.3824.39600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.01790.08878.3519.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.01470.07306.8816.151000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00980.04844.5610.721500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00700.03483.287.702000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00530.02642.495.842500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00210.01040.982.305000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00080.00390.370.8710000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-120







0.01762744.960.00121.503.5174.30200.01642744.960.133711.7627.6274.3020

0.01532385.450.00101.303.0564.57300.01432385.450.116210.2224.0064.5730

0.01342088.050.00091.142.6756.52400.01252088.050.10178.9421.0156.5240

0.01181841.400.00081.002.3649.84500.01101841.400.08977.8918.5349.8450

0.01051635.590.00070.892.0944.27600.00981635.590.07977.0116.4644.2760

0.00841315.960.00060.721.6835.62800.00791315.960.06415.6413.2435.6280

0.00691083.100.00050.591.3929.321000.00651083.100.05284.6410.9029.32100

0.0046718.690.00030.390.9219.451500.0043718.690.03503.087.2319.45150

0.0033516.250.00020.280.6613.972000.0031516.250.02522.215.1913.97200

0.0025391.810.00020.210.5010.612500.0023391.810.01911.683.9410.61250

0.0010154.560.00010.080.204.185000.0009154.560.00750.661.564.18500

0.000458.402.5E-050.030.071.5810000.000358.400.00280.250.591.581000






0.03400.138615.2535.81200.00002744.960.00371.994.6874.3020

0.02960.120413.2531.12300.00002385.450.00321.734.0764.5730

0.02590.105411.6027.24400.00002088.050.00281.523.5656.5240

0.02280.093010.2324.02500.00001841.400.00251.343.1449.8450

0.02030.08269.0821.34600.00001635.590.00221.192.7944.2760

0.01630.06647.3117.17800.00001315.960.00180.962.2435.6280

0.01340.05476.0214.131000.00001083.100.00140.791.8529.32100

0.00890.03633.999.381500.0000718.690.00100.521.2319.45150

0.00640.02612.876.742000.0000516.250.00070.370.8813.97200

0.00490.01982.185.112500.0000391.810.00050.280.6710.61250

0.00190.00780.862.025000.0000154.560.00020.110.264.18500

0.00070.00290.320.7610000.000058.400.00010.040.101.581000

D-121







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.02262744.960.184116.1838.0174.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.01962385.450.160014.0633.0364.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.01722088.050.140012.3128.9156.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.01521841.400.123510.8525.5049.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.01351635.590.10979.6422.6544.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.01081315.960.08827.7618.2235.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00891083.100.07266.3815.0029.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0059718.690.04824.249.9519.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0043516.250.03463.047.1513.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0032391.810.02632.315.4310.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0013154.560.01040.912.144.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000558.400.00390.340.811.581000






0.02260.191920.4648.07200.00002744.960.00794.2810.0674.3020

0.01960.166817.7841.77300.00002385.450.00683.728.7464.5730

0.01720.146015.5636.56400.00002088.050.00603.267.6556.5240

0.01520.128713.7332.25500.00001841.400.00532.876.7549.8450

0.01350.114412.1928.64600.00001635.590.00472.555.9944.2760

0.01080.09209.8123.04800.00001315.960.00382.054.8235.6280

0.00890.07578.0718.971000.00001083.100.00311.693.9729.32100

0.00590.05025.3612.591500.0000718.690.00211.122.6319.45150

0.00430.03613.859.042000.0000516.250.00150.811.8913.97200

0.00320.02742.926.862500.0000391.810.00110.611.4410.61250

0.00130.01081.152.715000.0000154.560.00040.240.574.18500

0.00050.00410.441.0210000.000058.400.00020.090.211.581000

D-122








0.00001266.240.00000.000.0020.09200.01781266.240.08507.4717.5520.0920

0.00001668.130.00000.000.0034.50300.02351668.130.146012.8330.1534.5030

0.00001472.590.00000.000.0026.10400.02071472.590.11049.7122.8126.1040

0.00001934.450.00000.000.0024.31500.02721934.450.10299.0421.2424.3150

0.00001746.520.00000.000.0020.92600.02461746.520.08857.7818.2820.9260

0.00001403.390.00000.000.0012.26800.01981403.390.05194.5610.7112.2680

0.00001167.810.00000.000.008.021000.01641167.810.03392.987.018.02100

0.0000760.670.00000.000.003.691500.0107760.670.01561.373.223.69150

0.0000527.810.00000.000.002.122000.0074527.810.00900.791.852.12200

0.0000395.540.00000.000.001.372500.0056395.540.00580.511.201.37250

0.0000151.490.00000.000.000.355000.0021151.490.00150.130.310.35500

0.000055.110.00000.000.000.0910000.000855.110.00040.030.080.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01780.08507.4717.55200.00001266.240.00000.000.0020.0920

0.02350.146012.8330.15300.00001668.130.00000.000.0034.5030

0.02070.11049.7122.81400.00001472.590.00000.000.0026.1040

0.02720.10299.0421.24500.00001934.450.00000.000.0024.3150

0.02460.08857.7818.28600.00001746.520.00000.000.0020.9260

0.01980.05194.5610.71800.00001403.390.00000.000.0012.2680

0.01640.03392.987.011000.00001167.810.00000.000.008.02100

0.01070.01561.373.221500.0000760.670.00000.000.003.69150

0.00740.00900.791.852000.0000527.810.00000.000.002.12200

0.00560.00580.511.202500.0000395.540.00000.000.001.37250

0.00210.00150.130.315000.0000151.490.00000.000.000.35500

0.00080.00040.030.0810000.000055.110.00000.000.000.091000D-123







0.00681266.240.00030.340.7920.09200.01041266.240.04984.3710.2820.0920

0.00891668.130.00050.581.3634.50300.01371668.130.08557.5117.6534.5030

0.00791472.590.00030.441.0326.10400.01211472.590.06475.6813.3526.1040

0.01031934.450.00030.410.9624.31500.01591934.450.06025.2912.4424.3150

0.00931746.520.00030.350.8220.92600.01441746.520.05184.5610.7020.9260

0.00751403.390.00020.210.4812.26800.01161403.390.03042.676.2712.2680

0.00621167.810.00010.130.328.021000.00961167.810.01991.754.108.02100

0.0041760.674.8E-050.060.153.691500.0063760.670.00910.801.893.69150

0.0028527.812.8E-050.040.082.122000.0043527.810.00530.461.082.12200

0.0021395.541.8E-050.020.051.372500.0033395.540.00340.300.701.37250

0.0008151.494.6E-060.010.010.355000.0012151.490.00090.080.180.35500

0.000355.111.2E-060.000.000.0910000.000555.110.00020.020.050.091000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01720.05004.7111.07200.00001266.240.00000.000.0020.0920

0.02270.08598.0919.01300.00001668.130.00000.000.0034.5030

0.02000.06506.1214.38400.00001472.590.00000.000.0026.1040

0.02630.06055.7013.39500.00001934.450.00000.000.0024.3150

0.02370.05214.9111.53600.00001746.520.00000.000.0020.9260

0.01910.03052.886.75800.00001403.390.00000.000.0012.2680

0.01590.02001.884.421000.00001167.810.00000.000.008.02100

0.01030.00920.872.031500.0000760.670.00000.000.003.69150

0.00720.00530.501.172000.0000527.810.00000.000.002.12200

0.00540.00340.320.752500.0000395.540.00000.000.001.37250

0.00210.00090.080.195000.0000151.490.00000.000.000.35500

0.00070.00020.020.0510000.000055.110.00000.000.000.091000

D-124







0.00811266.240.00030.400.9520.09200.00761266.240.03623.187.4720.0920

0.01071668.130.00050.691.6334.50300.01001668.130.06215.4612.8234.5030

0.00941472.590.00040.531.2326.10400.00881472.590.04704.139.7026.1040

0.01241934.450.00040.491.1524.31500.01161934.450.04383.859.0424.3150

0.01121746.520.00030.420.9920.92600.01051746.520.03773.317.7820.9260

0.00901403.390.00020.250.5812.26800.00841403.390.02211.944.5612.2680

0.00751167.810.00010.160.388.021000.00701167.810.01441.272.988.02100

0.0049760.670.00010.070.173.691500.0046760.670.00660.581.373.69150

0.0034527.813.3E-050.040.102.122000.0032527.810.00380.340.792.12200

0.0025395.542.2E-050.030.061.372500.0024395.540.00250.220.511.37250

0.0010151.495.5E-060.010.020.355000.0009151.490.00060.060.130.35500

0.000455.111.4E-060.000.000.0910000.000355.110.00020.010.030.091000






0.01570.03754.129.68200.00001266.240.00100.541.2720.0920

0.02070.06437.0816.63300.00001668.130.00170.932.1734.5030

0.01830.04875.3612.58400.00001472.590.00130.701.6426.1040

0.02400.04534.9911.72500.00001934.450.00120.651.5324.3150

0.02170.03904.2910.08600.00001746.520.00100.561.3220.9260

0.01740.02292.525.91800.00001403.390.00060.330.7712.2680

0.01450.01501.653.871000.00001167.810.00040.220.518.02100

0.00940.00690.761.781500.0000760.670.00020.100.233.69150

0.00650.00400.431.022000.0000527.810.00010.060.132.12200

0.00490.00260.280.662500.0000395.540.00010.040.091.37250

0.00190.00070.070.175000.0000151.491.7E-050.010.020.35500

0.00070.00020.020.0410000.000055.114.4E-060.000.010.091000

D-125







0.00001266.240.00000.000.0020.09200.01041266.240.04984.3710.2820.0920

0.00001668.130.00000.000.0034.50300.01371668.130.08557.5117.6534.5030

0.00001472.590.00000.000.0026.10400.01211472.590.06475.6813.3526.1040

0.00001934.450.00000.000.0024.31500.01591934.450.06025.2912.4424.3150

0.00001746.520.00000.000.0020.92600.01441746.520.05184.5610.7020.9260

0.00001403.390.00000.000.0012.26800.01161403.390.03042.676.2712.2680

0.00001167.810.00000.000.008.021000.00961167.810.01991.754.108.02100

0.0000760.670.00000.000.003.691500.0063760.670.00910.801.893.69150

0.0000527.810.00000.000.002.122000.0043527.810.00530.461.082.12200

0.0000395.540.00000.000.001.372500.0033395.540.00340.300.701.37250

0.0000151.490.00000.000.000.355000.0012151.490.00090.080.180.35500

0.000055.110.00000.000.000.0910000.000555.110.00020.020.050.091000






0.01040.05195.5313.00200.00001266.240.00211.162.7220.0920

0.01370.08919.5022.32300.00001668.130.00361.994.6734.5030

0.01210.06747.1916.88400.00001472.590.00281.503.5326.1040

0.01590.06286.6915.73500.00001934.450.00261.403.2924.3150

0.01440.05405.7613.53600.00001746.520.00221.212.8320.9260

0.01160.03173.387.93800.00001403.390.00130.711.6612.2680

0.00960.02072.215.191000.00001167.810.00080.461.098.02100

0.00630.00951.022.391500.0000760.670.00040.210.503.69150

0.00430.00550.581.372000.0000527.810.00020.120.292.12200

0.00330.00350.380.892500.0000395.540.00010.080.191.37250

0.00120.00090.100.235000.0000151.493.7E-050.020.050.35500

0.00050.00020.020.0610000.000055.119.5E-060.010.010.091000

D-126







0.00001344.830.00000.000.0018.28200.01891344.830.07746.8015.9718.2820

0.00001964.950.00000.000.0041.78300.02771964.950.176815.5436.5141.7830

0.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.45400.02401702.100.150013.1930.9835.4540

0.00002643.950.00000.000.0032.92500.03722643.950.139312.2428.7732.9250

0.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.78600.03522498.240.11339.9623.4026.7860

0.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.70800.02701915.640.06645.8413.7215.7080

0.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.331000.02131511.070.04373.849.0310.33100

0.0000927.460.00000.000.004.821500.0131927.460.02041.794.214.82150

0.0000633.440.00000.000.002.792000.0089633.440.01181.042.442.79200

0.0000464.370.00000.000.001.832500.0065464.370.00770.681.601.83250

0.0000169.000.00000.000.000.485000.0024169.000.00200.180.420.48500

0.000061.000.00000.000.000.1410000.000961.000.00060.050.120.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01890.07746.8015.97200.00001344.830.00000.000.0018.2820

0.02770.176815.5436.51300.00001964.950.00000.000.0041.7830

0.02400.150013.1930.98400.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.4540

0.03720.139312.2428.77500.00002643.950.00000.000.0032.9250

0.03520.11339.9623.40600.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.7860

0.02700.06645.8413.72800.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.7080

0.02130.04373.849.031000.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.33100

0.01310.02041.794.211500.0000927.460.00000.000.004.82150

0.00890.01181.042.442000.0000633.440.00000.000.002.79200

0.00650.00770.681.602500.0000464.370.00000.000.001.83250

0.00240.00200.180.425000.0000169.000.00000.000.000.48500

0.00090.00060.050.1210000.000061.000.00000.000.000.141000

D-127







0.00721344.830.00020.310.7218.28200.01111344.830.04533.989.3518.2820

0.01051964.950.00050.701.6541.78300.01621964.950.10359.1021.3741.7830

0.00911702.100.00050.591.4035.45400.01401702.100.08787.7218.1335.4540

0.01412643.950.00040.551.3032.92500.02182643.950.08157.1716.8432.9250

0.01342498.240.00040.451.0626.78600.02062498.240.06635.8313.7026.7860

0.01021915.640.00020.260.6215.70800.01581915.640.03893.428.0315.7080

0.00811511.070.00010.170.4110.331000.01241511.070.02562.255.2810.33100

0.0050927.460.00010.080.194.821500.0076927.460.01191.052.474.82150

0.0034633.440.00000.050.112.792000.0052633.440.00690.611.432.79200

0.0025464.370.00000.030.071.832500.0038464.370.00450.400.941.83250

0.0009169.000.00000.010.020.485000.0014169.000.00120.100.250.48500

0.000361.000.00000.000.010.1410000.000561.000.00030.030.070.141000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01830.04554.2910.07200.00001344.830.00000.000.0018.2820

0.02670.10409.8023.02300.00001964.950.00000.000.0041.7830

0.02310.08838.3119.53400.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.4540

0.03590.08207.7218.14500.00002643.950.00000.000.0032.9250

0.03390.06676.2814.75600.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.7860

0.02600.03913.688.65800.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.7080

0.02050.02572.425.691000.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.33100

0.01260.01201.132.661500.0000927.460.00000.000.004.82150

0.00860.00690.651.542000.0000633.440.00000.000.002.79200

0.00630.00460.431.012500.0000464.370.00000.000.001.83250

0.00230.00120.110.265000.0000169.000.00000.000.000.48500

0.00080.00030.030.0810000.000061.000.00000.000.000.141000

D-128







0.00861344.830.00030.370.8618.28200.00811344.830.03292.896.7918.2820

0.01261964.950.00070.841.9841.78300.01181964.950.07526.6115.5341.7830

0.01091702.100.00060.711.6835.45400.01021702.100.06385.6113.1835.4540

0.01702643.950.00050.661.5632.92500.01582643.950.05935.2112.2432.9250

0.01602498.240.00040.541.2726.78600.01502498.240.04824.249.9526.7860

0.01231915.640.00020.320.7415.70800.01151915.640.02832.485.8415.7080

0.00971511.070.00020.210.4910.331000.00911511.070.01861.633.8410.33100

0.0059927.460.00010.100.234.821500.0056927.460.00870.761.794.82150

0.0041633.444.4E-050.060.132.792000.0038633.440.00500.441.042.79200

0.0030464.372.9E-050.040.091.832500.0028464.370.00330.290.681.83250

0.0011169.007.6E-060.010.020.485000.0010169.000.00090.080.180.48500

0.000461.002.2E-060.000.010.1410000.000461.000.00030.020.050.141000






0.01670.03413.758.81200.00001344.830.00090.491.1518.2820

0.02440.07798.5720.14300.00001964.950.00211.122.6341.7830

0.02110.06617.2717.09400.00001702.100.00170.952.2335.4540

0.03280.06146.7515.87500.00002643.950.00160.882.0732.9250

0.03100.04995.4912.91600.00002498.240.00130.721.6926.7860

0.02380.02933.227.57800.00001915.640.00080.420.9915.7080

0.01870.01932.124.981000.00001511.070.00050.280.6510.33100

0.01150.00900.992.321500.0000927.460.00020.130.304.82150

0.00790.00520.571.342000.0000633.440.00010.070.182.79200

0.00580.00340.380.882500.0000464.370.00010.050.121.83250

0.00210.00090.100.235000.0000169.002.4E-050.010.030.48500

0.00080.00030.030.0710000.000061.006.9E-060.000.010.141000

D-129







0.00001344.830.00000.000.0018.28200.01111344.830.04533.989.3518.2820

0.00001964.950.00000.000.0041.78300.01621964.950.10359.1021.3741.7830

0.00001702.100.00000.000.0035.45400.01401702.100.08787.7218.1335.4540

0.00002643.950.00000.000.0032.92500.02182643.950.08157.1716.8432.9250

0.00002498.240.00000.000.0026.78600.02062498.240.06635.8313.7026.7860

0.00001915.640.00000.000.0015.70800.01581915.640.03893.428.0315.7080

0.00001511.070.00000.000.0010.331000.01241511.070.02562.255.2810.33100

0.0000927.460.00000.000.004.821500.0076927.460.01191.052.474.82150

0.0000633.440.00000.000.002.792000.0052633.440.00690.611.432.79200

0.0000464.370.00000.000.001.832500.0038464.370.00450.400.941.83250

0.0000169.000.00000.000.000.485000.0014169.000.00120.100.250.48500

0.000061.000.00000.000.000.1410000.000561.000.00030.030.070.141000






0.01110.04725.0311.83200.00001344.830.00191.052.4818.2820

0.01620.107911.5127.03300.00001964.950.00442.415.6641.7830

0.01400.09169.7622.93400.00001702.100.00372.044.8035.4540

0.02180.08509.0721.30500.00002643.950.00351.904.4632.9250

0.02060.06927.3717.32600.00002498.240.00281.543.6326.7860

0.01580.04064.3210.16800.00001915.640.00170.902.1315.7080

0.01240.02672.846.681000.00001511.070.00110.601.4010.33100

0.00760.01241.333.121500.0000927.460.00050.280.654.82150

0.00520.00720.771.802000.0000633.440.00030.160.382.79200

0.00380.00470.501.182500.0000464.370.00020.110.251.83250

0.00140.00120.130.315000.0000169.000.00010.030.060.48500

0.00050.00040.040.0910000.000061.001.5E-050.010.020.141000

D-130







0.0000958.090.00000.000.0011.46200.0135958.090.04854.2610.0111.4620

0.00001290.220.00000.000.0025.06300.01821290.220.10609.3221.9025.0630

0.00001240.560.00000.000.0020.77400.01751240.560.08797.7318.1520.7740

0.00001734.690.00000.000.0019.28500.02441734.690.08167.1716.8519.2850

0.00001546.970.00000.000.0015.76600.02181546.970.06675.8613.7715.7660

0.00001057.880.00000.000.009.15800.01491057.880.03873.408.009.1580

0.0000790.980.00000.000.005.971000.0111790.980.02532.225.225.97100

0.0000526.980.00000.000.002.741500.0074526.980.01161.022.392.74150

0.0000374.120.00000.000.001.572000.0053374.120.00660.581.371.57200

0.0000280.030.00000.000.001.022500.0039280.030.00430.380.891.02250

0.0000105.060.00000.000.000.265000.0015105.060.00110.100.230.26500

0.000038.590.00000.000.000.0710000.000538.590.00030.030.060.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01350.04854.2610.01200.0000958.090.00000.000.0011.4620

0.01820.10609.3221.90300.00001290.220.00000.000.0025.0630

0.01750.08797.7318.15400.00001240.560.00000.000.0020.7740

0.02440.08167.1716.85500.00001734.690.00000.000.0019.2850

0.02180.06675.8613.77600.00001546.970.00000.000.0015.7660

0.01490.03873.408.00800.00001057.880.00000.000.009.1580

0.01110.02532.225.221000.0000790.980.00000.000.005.97100

0.00740.01161.022.391500.0000526.980.00000.000.002.74150

0.00530.00660.581.372000.0000374.120.00000.000.001.57200

0.00390.00430.380.892500.0000280.030.00000.000.001.02250

0.00150.00110.100.235000.0000105.060.00000.000.000.26500

0.00050.00030.030.0610000.000038.590.00000.000.000.071000

D-131







0.0051958.090.00020.190.4511.46200.0079958.090.02842.505.8611.4620

0.00691290.220.00030.420.9925.06300.01061290.220.06215.4612.8225.0630

0.00661240.560.00030.350.8220.77400.01021240.560.05154.5210.6220.7740

0.00931734.690.00030.320.7619.28500.01431734.690.04784.209.8619.2850

0.00831546.970.00020.260.6215.76600.01271546.970.03903.438.0615.7660

0.00571057.880.00010.150.369.15800.00871057.880.02271.994.689.1580

0.0042790.980.00010.100.245.971000.0065790.980.01481.303.055.97100

0.0028526.983.6E-050.050.112.741500.0043526.980.00680.601.402.74150

0.0020374.122.1E-050.030.061.572000.0031374.120.00390.340.801.57200

0.0015280.031.3E-050.020.041.022500.0023280.030.00250.220.521.02250

0.0006105.063.4E-060.000.010.265000.0009105.060.00060.060.130.26500

0.000238.599.2E-070.000.000.0710000.000338.590.00020.020.040.071000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01300.02852.696.31200.0000958.090.00000.000.0011.4620

0.01750.06245.8813.81300.00001290.220.00000.000.0025.0630

0.01690.05174.8711.44400.00001240.560.00000.000.0020.7740

0.02360.04804.5210.62500.00001734.690.00000.000.0019.2850

0.02100.03923.708.68600.00001546.970.00000.000.0015.7660

0.01440.02282.155.04800.00001057.880.00000.000.009.1580

0.01070.01491.403.291000.0000790.980.00000.000.005.97100

0.00720.00680.641.511500.0000526.980.00000.000.002.74150

0.00510.00390.370.862000.0000374.120.00000.000.001.57200

0.00380.00250.240.562500.0000280.030.00000.000.001.02250

0.00140.00060.060.145000.0000105.060.00000.000.000.26500

0.00050.00020.020.0410000.000038.590.00000.000.000.071000

D-132







0.0061958.090.00020.230.5411.46200.0057958.090.02061.814.2611.4620

0.00831290.220.00040.501.1925.06300.00771290.220.04513.979.3125.0630

0.00801240.560.00030.420.9820.77400.00741240.560.03743.297.7220.7740

0.01111734.690.00030.390.9119.28500.01041734.690.03473.057.1719.2850

0.00991546.970.00020.320.7515.76600.00931546.970.02842.495.8615.7660

0.00681057.880.00010.180.439.15800.00631057.880.01651.453.409.1580

0.0051790.980.00010.120.285.971000.0047790.980.01070.942.225.97100

0.0034526.984.3E-050.060.132.741500.0032526.980.00490.431.022.74150

0.0024374.122.5E-050.030.071.572000.0022374.120.00280.250.581.57200

0.0018280.031.6E-050.020.051.022500.0017280.030.00180.160.381.02250

0.0007105.064.1E-060.010.010.265000.0006105.060.00050.040.100.26500

0.000238.591.1E-060.000.000.0710000.000238.590.00010.010.030.071000






0.01190.02142.355.52200.0000958.090.00060.310.7211.4620

0.01600.04675.1412.08300.00001290.220.00120.671.5825.0630

0.01540.03874.2610.01400.00001240.560.00100.561.3120.7740

0.02150.03603.969.29500.00001734.690.00090.521.2119.2850

0.01920.02943.237.60600.00001546.970.00080.420.9915.7660

0.01310.01711.884.41800.00001057.880.00050.250.589.1580

0.00980.01111.222.881000.0000790.980.00030.160.385.97100

0.00650.00510.561.321500.0000526.980.00010.070.172.74150

0.00460.00290.320.762000.0000374.120.00010.040.101.57200

0.00350.00190.210.492500.0000280.030.00010.030.061.02250

0.00130.00050.050.135000.0000105.061.3E-050.010.020.26500

0.00050.00010.010.0310000.000038.593.4E-060.000.000.071000

D-133







0.0000958.090.00000.000.0011.46200.0079958.090.02842.505.8611.4620

0.00001290.220.00000.000.0025.06300.01061290.220.06215.4612.8225.0630

0.00001240.560.00000.000.0020.77400.01021240.560.05154.5210.6220.7740

0.00001734.690.00000.000.0019.28500.01431734.690.04784.209.8619.2850

0.00001546.970.00000.000.0015.76600.01271546.970.03903.438.0615.7660

0.00001057.880.00000.000.009.15800.00871057.880.02271.994.689.1580

0.0000790.980.00000.000.005.971000.0065790.980.01481.303.055.97100

0.0000526.980.00000.000.002.741500.0043526.980.00680.601.402.74150

0.0000374.120.00000.000.001.572000.0031374.120.00390.340.801.57200

0.0000280.030.00000.000.001.022500.0023280.030.00250.220.521.02250

0.0000105.060.00000.000.000.265000.0009105.060.00060.060.130.26500

0.000038.590.00000.000.000.0710000.000338.590.00020.020.040.071000






0.00790.02963.167.41200.0000958.090.00120.661.5511.4620

0.01060.06476.9016.21300.00001290.220.00271.443.3925.0630

0.01020.05365.7213.44400.00001240.560.00221.202.8120.7740

0.01430.04985.3112.47500.00001734.690.00201.112.6119.2850

0.01270.04074.3410.20600.00001546.970.00170.912.1315.7660

0.00870.02362.525.92800.00001057.880.00100.531.249.1580

0.00650.01541.643.861000.0000790.980.00060.340.815.97100

0.00430.00710.751.771500.0000526.980.00030.160.372.74150

0.00310.00410.431.022000.0000374.120.00020.090.211.57200

0.00230.00260.280.662500.0000280.030.00010.060.141.02250

0.00090.00070.070.175000.0000105.062.8E-050.010.040.26500

0.00030.00020.020.0510000.000038.597.4E-060.000.010.071000

D-134







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.03862744.960.314427.6464.9274.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.03362385.450.273224.0256.4264.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.02942088.050.239221.0249.3956.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.02591841.400.210918.5443.5549.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.02301635.590.187316.4738.6944.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.01851315.960.150713.2531.1335.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.01521083.100.124110.9025.6229.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0101718.690.08237.2417.0019.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0073516.250.05915.2012.2113.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0055391.810.04493.949.2710.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0022154.560.01771.563.664.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000858.400.00670.591.381.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03860.314427.6464.92200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.03360.273224.0256.42300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.02940.239221.0249.39400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.02590.210918.5443.55500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.02300.187316.4738.69600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.01850.150713.2531.13800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.01520.124110.9025.621000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.01010.08237.2417.001500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00730.05915.2012.212000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00550.04493.949.272500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00220.01771.563.665000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00080.00670.591.3810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-135







0.01472744.960.00101.252.9374.30200.02262744.960.184116.1838.0174.3020

0.01282385.450.00081.082.5464.57300.01962385.450.160014.0633.0364.5730

0.01122088.050.00070.952.2356.52400.01722088.050.140012.3128.9156.5240

0.00991841.400.00070.841.9649.84500.01521841.400.123510.8525.5049.8450

0.00881635.590.00060.741.7444.27600.01351635.590.10979.6422.6544.2760

0.00701315.960.00050.601.4035.62800.01081315.960.08827.7618.2235.6280

0.00581083.100.00040.491.1629.321000.00891083.100.07266.3815.0029.32100

0.0038718.690.00030.330.7719.451500.0059718.690.04824.249.9519.45150

0.0028516.250.00020.230.5513.972000.0043516.250.03463.047.1513.97200

0.0021391.810.00010.180.4210.612500.0032391.810.02632.315.4310.61250

0.0008154.560.00010.070.164.185000.0013154.560.01040.912.144.18500

0.000358.402.1E-050.030.061.5810000.000558.400.00390.340.811.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03730.185017.4340.94200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.03240.160815.1435.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.02840.140813.2631.14400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.02500.124111.6927.46500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.02220.110310.3824.39600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.01790.08878.3519.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.01470.07306.8816.151000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00980.04844.5610.721500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00700.03483.287.702000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00530.02642.495.842500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00210.01040.982.305000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00080.00390.370.8710000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-136







0.01762744.960.00121.503.5174.30200.01642744.960.133711.7627.6274.3020

0.01532385.450.00101.303.0564.57300.01432385.450.116210.2224.0064.5730

0.01342088.050.00091.142.6756.52400.01252088.050.10178.9421.0156.5240

0.01181841.400.00081.002.3649.84500.01101841.400.08977.8918.5349.8450

0.01051635.590.00070.892.0944.27600.00981635.590.07977.0116.4644.2760

0.00841315.960.00060.721.6835.62800.00791315.960.06415.6413.2435.6280

0.00691083.100.00050.591.3929.321000.00651083.100.05284.6410.9029.32100

0.0046718.690.00030.390.9219.451500.0043718.690.03503.087.2319.45150

0.0033516.250.00020.280.6613.972000.0031516.250.02522.215.1913.97200

0.0025391.810.00020.210.5010.612500.0023391.810.01911.683.9410.61250

0.0010154.560.00010.080.204.185000.0009154.560.00750.661.564.18500

0.000458.402.5E-050.030.071.5810000.000358.400.00280.250.591.581000






0.03400.138615.2535.81200.00002744.960.00371.994.6874.3020

0.02960.120413.2531.12300.00002385.450.00321.734.0764.5730

0.02590.105411.6027.24400.00002088.050.00281.523.5656.5240

0.02280.093010.2324.02500.00001841.400.00251.343.1449.8450

0.02030.08269.0821.34600.00001635.590.00221.192.7944.2760

0.01630.06647.3117.17800.00001315.960.00180.962.2435.6280

0.01340.05476.0214.131000.00001083.100.00140.791.8529.32100

0.00890.03633.999.381500.0000718.690.00100.521.2319.45150

0.00640.02612.876.742000.0000516.250.00070.370.8813.97200

0.00490.01982.185.112500.0000391.810.00050.280.6710.61250

0.00190.00780.862.025000.0000154.560.00020.110.264.18500

0.00070.00290.320.7610000.000058.400.00010.040.101.581000

D-137







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.02262744.960.184116.1838.0174.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.01962385.450.160014.0633.0364.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.01722088.050.140012.3128.9156.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.01521841.400.123510.8525.5049.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.01351635.590.10979.6422.6544.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.01081315.960.08827.7618.2235.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00891083.100.07266.3815.0029.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0059718.690.04824.249.9519.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0043516.250.03463.047.1513.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0032391.810.02632.315.4310.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0013154.560.01040.912.144.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000558.400.00390.340.811.581000






0.02260.191920.4648.07200.00002744.960.00794.2810.0674.3020

0.01960.166817.7841.77300.00002385.450.00683.728.7464.5730

0.01720.146015.5636.56400.00002088.050.00603.267.6556.5240

0.01520.128713.7332.25500.00001841.400.00532.876.7549.8450

0.01350.114412.1928.64600.00001635.590.00472.555.9944.2760

0.01080.09209.8123.04800.00001315.960.00382.054.8235.6280

0.00890.07578.0718.971000.00001083.100.00311.693.9729.32100

0.00590.05025.3612.591500.0000718.690.00211.122.6319.45150

0.00430.03613.859.042000.0000516.250.00150.811.8913.97200

0.00320.02742.926.862500.0000391.810.00110.611.4410.61250

0.00130.01081.152.715000.0000154.560.00040.240.574.18500

0.00050.00410.441.0210000.000058.400.00020.090.211.581000

D-138

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Carburetor Cleaners - Average of 10 Met Sets


AveragedMet Set:MeCl0%Perc68%





0.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.54200.019010938.410.01491.313.09127.5420

0.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.72300.01428158.810.00790.701.6467.7230

0.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.93400.01106322.280.00490.431.0141.9340

0.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.51500.00875024.560.00330.290.6928.5150

0.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.66600.00714082.780.00240.210.5020.6660

0.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.27800.00492846.710.00140.130.3012.2780

0.00002100.300.00000.000.008.121000.00362100.300.00100.080.208.12100

0.00001171.110.00000.000.003.781500.00201171.110.00040.040.093.78150

0.0000763.650.00000.000.002.182000.0013763.650.00030.020.052.18200

0.0000545.140.00000.000.001.422500.0009545.140.00020.010.031.42250

0.0000192.370.00000.000.000.375000.0003192.374.3E-050.000.010.37500

0.000072.270.00000.000.000.1010000.000172.271.1E-050.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01900.01491.313.09200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.01420.00790.701.64300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.01100.00490.431.01400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.00870.00330.290.69500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00710.00240.210.50600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00490.00140.130.30800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00360.00100.080.201000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00200.00040.040.091500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00130.00030.020.052000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00090.00020.010.032500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.00034.3E-050.000.015000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.00011.1E-050.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000D-139

Facility G-01 - 57% MeCl


0.0314Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:0Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0.0037Ann Rate [g/s]:0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.024510938.410.00020.200.47127.54200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.01838158.810.00010.110.2567.72300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.01426322.280.00010.070.1641.93400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01135024.563.5E-050.040.1128.51500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00924082.782.5E-050.030.0820.66600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00642846.711.5E-050.020.0512.27800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00472100.301.0E-050.010.038.121000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00261171.114.7E-060.010.013.781500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.0017763.652.7E-060.000.012.182000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.0012545.141.7E-060.000.011.422500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.0004192.374.5E-070.000.000.375000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.000272.271.2E-070.000.000.1010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.02450.00020.200.47200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.01830.00010.110.25300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.01420.00010.070.16400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01133.5E-050.040.11500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00922.5E-050.030.08600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00641.5E-050.020.05800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00471.0E-050.010.031000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00264.7E-060.010.011500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00172.7E-060.000.012000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00121.7E-060.000.012500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.00044.5E-070.000.005000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.00021.2E-070.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000

D-140

Averaged Multicomponent Health Impacts from Carburetor Cleaners for Facility G-01

10.4%68% Perc1Weightings:

89.6%57% MeCl2

Total Health Impacts

Hazard IndexHarzard IndexCancer Risk [x/million]Distance [m]

AcuteChronicWorkerResidentCenter

0.02400.00170.320.7420

0.01790.00090.170.3930

0.01380.00060.100.2440

0.01100.00040.070.1750

0.00890.00030.050.1260

0.00620.00020.030.0780

0.00460.00010.020.05100

0.00260.00010.010.02150

0.00172.9E-050.010.01200

0.00121.9E-050.000.01250

0.00044.9E-060.000.00500

0.00021.3E-060.000.001000

D-141







0.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.17200.00874985.680.00870.761.7974.1720

0.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.37300.00744251.050.00660.581.3656.3730

0.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.41400.00613540.670.00430.370.8836.4140

0.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.36500.00523001.300.00300.260.6125.3650

0.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.66600.00452575.360.00220.190.4518.6660

0.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.32800.00341951.110.00130.120.2711.3280

0.00001532.530.00000.000.007.601000.00271532.530.00090.080.187.60100

0.0000943.040.00000.000.003.611500.0016943.040.00040.040.093.61150

0.0000647.010.00000.000.002.112000.0011647.010.00020.020.052.11200

0.0000477.160.00000.000.001.382500.0008477.160.00020.010.031.38250

0.0000180.510.00000.000.000.365000.0003180.514.3E-050.000.010.36500

0.000070.250.00000.000.000.1010000.000170.251.1E-050.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00870.00870.761.79200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00740.00660.581.36300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00610.00430.370.88400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00520.00300.260.61500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00450.00220.190.45600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00340.00130.120.27800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00270.00090.080.181000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00160.00040.040.091500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00110.00020.020.052000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00080.00020.010.032500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.00034.3E-050.000.015000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.00011.1E-050.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-142







0.01124985.680.00010.120.2774.17200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00954251.050.00010.090.2156.37300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00793540.674.5E-050.060.1336.41400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00673001.303.1E-050.040.0925.36500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00582575.362.3E-050.030.0718.66600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00441951.111.4E-050.020.0411.32800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00341532.539.4E-060.010.037.601000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.0021943.044.5E-060.010.013.611500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.0015647.012.6E-060.000.012.112000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.0011477.161.7E-060.000.011.382500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.0004180.514.5E-070.000.000.365000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.000270.251.2E-070.000.000.1010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01120.00010.120.27200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00950.00010.090.21300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00794.5E-050.060.13400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00673.1E-050.040.09500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00582.3E-050.030.07600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00441.4E-050.020.04800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00349.4E-060.010.031000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00214.5E-060.010.011500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00152.6E-060.000.012000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00111.7E-060.000.012500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.00044.5E-070.000.005000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.00021.2E-070.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-143



89.6%57% MeCl2




0.01090.00100.180.4320

0.00930.00070.140.3330

0.00780.00050.090.2140

0.00660.00030.060.1550

0.00560.00020.050.1160

0.00430.00020.030.0780

0.00340.00010.020.04100

0.00214.8E-050.010.02150

0.00142.8E-050.010.01200

0.00101.8E-050.000.01250

0.00044.8E-060.000.00500

0.00021.3E-060.000.001000

D-144







0.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.68200.00211231.740.00200.170.4016.6820

0.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.45300.00291650.820.00390.340.8133.4530

0.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.02400.00261484.020.00320.280.6527.0240

0.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.03500.00362079.260.00290.260.6125.0350

0.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.90600.00331915.910.00240.220.5120.9060

0.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.23800.00261479.750.00140.130.3012.2380

0.00001184.750.00000.000.008.021000.00211184.750.00090.080.198.02100

0.0000769.330.00000.000.003.711500.0013769.330.00040.040.093.71150

0.0000550.340.00000.000.002.142000.0010550.340.00030.020.052.14200

0.0000417.990.00000.000.001.392500.0007417.990.00020.010.031.39250

0.0000169.200.00000.000.000.365000.0003169.204.3E-050.000.010.36500

0.000068.130.00000.000.000.1010000.000168.131.1E-050.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00210.00200.170.40200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00290.00390.340.81300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00260.00320.280.65400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00360.00290.260.61500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00330.00240.220.51600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00260.00140.130.30800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00210.00090.080.191000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00130.00040.040.091500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00100.00030.020.052000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00070.00020.010.032500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.00034.3E-050.000.015000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.00011.1E-050.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-145







0.00281231.742.1E-050.030.0616.68200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00371650.824.1E-050.050.1233.45300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00331484.023.3E-050.040.1027.02400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00472079.263.1E-050.040.0925.03500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00431915.912.6E-050.030.0820.90600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00331479.751.5E-050.020.0512.23800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00271184.759.9E-060.010.038.021000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.0017769.334.6E-060.010.013.711500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.0012550.342.6E-060.000.012.142000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.0009417.991.7E-060.000.011.392500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.0004169.204.5E-070.000.000.365000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.000268.131.2E-070.000.000.1010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00282.1E-050.030.06200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00374.1E-050.050.12300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00333.3E-050.040.10400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00473.1E-050.040.09500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00432.6E-050.030.08600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00331.5E-050.020.05800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00279.9E-060.010.031000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00174.6E-060.010.011500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00122.6E-060.000.012000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00091.7E-060.000.012500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.00044.5E-070.000.005000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.00021.2E-070.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-146



89.6%57% MeCl2




0.00270.00020.040.1020

0.00360.00040.080.2030

0.00330.00040.070.1640

0.00460.00030.060.1550

0.00420.00030.050.1260

0.00320.00020.030.0780

0.00260.00010.020.05100

0.00174.9E-050.010.02150

0.00122.8E-050.010.01200

0.00091.9E-050.000.01250

0.00044.8E-060.000.00500

0.00011.3E-060.000.001000

D-147

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Carburetor Cleaners - Default Met


Default-0Met Set:MeCl0%Perc68%





0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.019711342.730.03603.167.43307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.01478496.330.02692.375.56229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.01146579.110.02091.834.31178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.00915238.720.01661.463.43141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.00744269.330.01351.192.80115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.00522995.850.00950.841.9681.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00392223.110.00700.621.4660.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00221239.310.00390.350.8133.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0014799.090.00250.220.5221.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0010563.570.00180.160.3715.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0003187.510.00060.050.125.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000164.260.00020.020.041.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01970.03603.167.43200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.01470.02692.375.56300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.01140.02091.834.31400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.00910.01661.463.43500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00740.01351.192.80600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00520.00950.841.96800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00390.00700.621.461000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00220.00390.350.811500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00140.00250.220.522000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00100.00180.160.372500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00030.00060.050.125000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00010.00020.020.0410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000D-148







0.025411342.730.00040.481.14307.03200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.01918496.330.00030.360.85229.98300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.01486579.110.00020.280.66178.09400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01175238.720.00020.220.52141.80500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00964269.330.00010.180.43115.56600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00672995.850.00010.130.3081.09800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00502223.110.00010.090.2260.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00281239.314.1E-050.050.1233.551500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.0018799.092.7E-050.030.0821.632000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.0013563.571.9E-050.020.0615.252500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.0004187.516.3E-060.010.025.085000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.000164.262.1E-060.000.011.7410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.02540.00040.481.14200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.01910.00030.360.85300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.01480.00020.280.66400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01170.00020.220.52500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00960.00010.180.43600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00670.00010.130.30800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00500.00010.090.221000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00284.1E-050.050.121500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00182.7E-050.030.082000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00131.9E-050.020.062500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00046.3E-060.010.025000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00012.1E-060.000.0110000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-149



89.6%57% MeCl2



AcuteChronicWorkerResidentEnvelope

0.02480.00410.761.7920

0.01860.00310.571.3430

0.01440.00240.441.0440

0.01150.00190.350.8350

0.00940.00150.290.6760

0.00660.00110.200.4780

0.00490.00080.150.35100

0.00270.00040.080.20150

0.00180.00030.050.13200

0.00120.00020.040.09250

0.00040.00010.010.03500

0.00012.3E-050.000.011000

D-150







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.00925276.510.01671.473.45142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.00764358.640.01381.212.85117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.00633649.090.01161.022.3998.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.00543094.790.00980.862.0383.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.00462656.010.00840.741.7471.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.00352017.70.00640.561.3254.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.00281586.220.00500.441.0442.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0017969.720.00310.270.6326.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0011659.990.00210.180.4317.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0008482.190.00150.130.3213.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0003173.330.00050.050.114.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000161.90.00020.020.041.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00920.01671.473.45200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00760.01381.212.85300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00630.01161.022.39400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00540.00980.862.03500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00460.00840.741.74600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00350.00640.561.32800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00280.00500.441.041000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00170.00310.270.631500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00110.00210.180.432000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00080.00150.130.322500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00030.00050.050.115000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00010.00020.020.0410000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-151







0.01185276.510.00020.220.53142.83200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00984358.640.00010.190.44117.98300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00823649.090.00010.160.3798.78400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00693094.790.00010.130.3183.77500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00602656.010.00010.110.2771.89600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00452017.700.00010.090.2054.62800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00361586.220.00010.070.1642.941000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.0022969.723.2E-050.040.1026.251500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.0015659.992.2E-050.030.0717.862000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.0011482.191.6E-050.020.0513.052500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.0004173.335.8E-060.010.024.695000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.000161.902.1E-060.000.011.6810000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01180.00020.220.53200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00980.00010.190.44300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00820.00010.160.37400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00690.00010.130.31500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00600.00010.110.27600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00450.00010.090.20800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00360.00010.070.161000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00223.2E-050.040.101500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00152.2E-050.030.072000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00111.6E-050.020.052500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00045.8E-060.010.025000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00012.1E-060.000.0110000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-152



89.6%57% MeCl2




0.01160.00190.350.8320

0.00950.00160.290.6930

0.00800.00130.250.5840

0.00680.00110.210.4950

0.00580.00100.180.4260

0.00440.00070.140.3280

0.00350.00060.110.25100

0.00210.00030.070.15150

0.00140.00020.040.10200

0.00110.00020.030.08250

0.00040.00010.010.03500

0.00012.2E-050.000.011000

D-153







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.00482744.960.00870.771.8074.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.00412385.450.00760.661.5664.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.00362088.050.00660.581.3756.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.00321841.40.00580.511.2149.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.00281635.590.00520.461.0744.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.00231315.960.00420.370.8635.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00191083.10.00340.300.7129.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0012718.690.00230.200.4719.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0009516.250.00160.140.3413.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0007391.810.00120.110.2610.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0003154.560.00050.040.104.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000158.40.00020.020.041.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00480.00870.771.80200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00410.00760.661.56300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00360.00660.581.37400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00320.00580.511.21500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00280.00520.461.07600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00230.00420.370.86800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00190.00340.300.711000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00120.00230.200.471500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00090.00160.140.342000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00070.00120.110.262500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00030.00050.040.105000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00010.00020.020.0410000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-154







0.00622744.960.00010.120.2774.30200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00542385.450.00010.100.2464.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00472088.050.00010.090.2156.52400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00411841.400.00010.080.1849.84500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00371635.590.00010.070.1644.27600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00301315.964.4E-050.060.1335.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00241083.103.6E-050.050.1129.321000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.0016718.692.4E-050.030.0719.451500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.0012516.251.7E-050.020.0513.972000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.0009391.811.3E-050.020.0410.612500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.0003154.565.2E-060.010.024.185000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.000158.401.9E-060.000.011.5810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00620.00010.120.27200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00540.00010.100.24300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00470.00010.090.21400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00410.00010.080.18500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00370.00010.070.16600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00304.4E-050.060.13800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00243.6E-050.050.111000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00162.4E-050.030.071500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00121.7E-050.020.052000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00091.3E-050.020.042500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00035.2E-060.010.025000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00011.9E-060.000.0110000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-155



89.6%57% MeCl2




0.00600.00100.180.4320

0.00520.00090.160.3830

0.00460.00080.140.3340

0.00400.00070.120.2950

0.00360.00060.110.2660

0.00290.00050.090.2180

0.00240.00040.070.17100

0.00160.00030.050.11150

0.00110.00020.030.08200

0.00090.00010.030.06250

0.00030.00010.010.02500

0.00012.1E-050.000.011000

D-156

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Engine Degreasers - Average of 10 Met Sets


AveragedMet Set:MeCl0%47%





0.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.54200.038710938.410.01281.122.63127.5420

0.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.72300.02898158.810.00680.601.4067.7230

0.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.93400.02246322.280.00420.370.8741.9340

0.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.51500.01785024.560.00290.250.5928.5150

0.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.66600.01454082.780.00210.180.4320.6660

0.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.27800.01012846.710.00120.110.2512.2780

0.00002100.300.00000.000.008.121000.00742100.300.00080.070.178.12100

0.00001171.110.00000.000.003.781500.00411171.110.00040.030.083.78150

0.0000763.650.00000.000.002.182000.0027763.650.00020.020.052.18200

0.0000545.140.00000.000.001.422500.0019545.140.00010.010.031.42250

0.0000192.370.00000.000.000.375000.0007192.373.7E-050.000.010.37500

0.000072.270.00000.000.000.1010000.000372.279.6E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.03870.01281.122.63200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.02890.00680.601.40300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.02240.00420.370.87400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01780.00290.250.59500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.01450.00210.180.43600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.01010.00120.110.25800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00740.00080.070.171000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00410.00040.030.081500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00270.00020.020.052000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00190.00010.010.032500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.00073.7E-050.000.015000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.00039.6E-060.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000D-157

Facility G-01 - 99% TCE


0Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:0Acu Rate [g/s]:57op hrs/wk:

0Ann Rate [g/s]:0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.54200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.72300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.93400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.51500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.66600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.27800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00002100.300.00000.000.008.121000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00001171.110.00000.000.003.781500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.0000763.650.00000.000.002.182000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.0000545.140.00000.000.001.422500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.0000192.370.00000.000.000.375000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.000072.270.00000.000.000.1010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00150.801.89200.000010938.410.00150.801.89127.5420

0.00000.00080.431.00300.00008158.810.00080.431.0067.7230

0.00000.00050.260.62400.00006322.280.00050.260.6241.9340

0.00000.00030.180.42500.00005024.560.00030.180.4228.5150

0.00000.00020.130.31600.00004082.780.00020.130.3120.6660

0.00000.00010.080.18800.00002846.710.00010.080.1812.2780

0.00000.00010.050.121000.00002100.300.00010.050.128.12100

0.00004.4E-050.020.061500.00001171.114.4E-050.020.063.78150

0.00002.5E-050.010.032000.0000763.652.5E-050.010.032.18200

0.00001.6E-050.010.022500.0000545.141.6E-050.010.021.42250

0.00004.3E-060.000.015000.0000192.374.3E-060.000.010.37500

0.00001.1E-060.000.0010000.000072.271.1E-060.000.000.101000

D-158

Averaged Multicomponent Health Impacts from Engine Degreasers for Facility G-01


59.0%99% TCE2




0.01590.00610.932.1920

0.01180.00320.501.1630

0.00920.00200.310.7240

0.00730.00140.210.4950

0.00590.00100.150.3660

0.00410.00060.090.2180

0.00300.00040.060.14100

0.00170.00020.030.07150

0.00110.00010.020.04200

0.00080.00010.010.02250

0.00031.8E-050.000.01500

1.0E-044.6E-060.000.001000

D-159







0.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.17200.01764985.680.00740.651.5374.1720

0.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.37300.01504251.050.00560.501.1656.3730

0.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.41400.01253540.670.00360.320.7536.4140

0.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.36500.01063001.300.00250.220.5225.3650

0.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.66600.00912575.360.00190.160.3918.6660

0.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.32800.00691951.110.00110.100.2311.3280

0.00001532.530.00000.000.007.601000.00541532.530.00080.070.167.60100

0.0000943.040.00000.000.003.611500.0033943.040.00040.030.073.61150

0.0000647.010.00000.000.002.112000.0023647.010.00020.020.042.11200

0.0000477.160.00000.000.001.382500.0017477.160.00010.010.031.38250

0.0000180.510.00000.000.000.365000.0006180.513.6E-050.000.010.36500

0.000070.250.00000.000.000.1010000.000270.259.6E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01760.00740.651.53200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.01500.00560.501.16300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.01250.00360.320.75400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.01060.00250.220.52500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00910.00190.160.39600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00690.00110.100.23800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00540.00080.070.161000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00330.00040.030.071500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00230.00020.020.042000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00170.00010.010.032500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.00063.6E-050.000.015000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.00029.6E-060.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-160







0.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.17200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.37300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.41400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.36500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.66600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.32800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00001532.530.00000.000.007.601000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.0000943.040.00000.000.003.611500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.0000647.010.00000.000.002.112000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.0000477.160.00000.000.001.382500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.0000180.510.00000.000.000.365000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.000070.250.00000.000.000.1010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00090.471.10200.00004985.680.00090.471.1074.1720

0.00000.00070.360.83300.00004251.050.00070.360.8356.3730

0.00000.00040.230.54400.00003540.670.00040.230.5436.4140

0.00000.00030.160.38500.00003001.300.00030.160.3825.3650

0.00000.00020.120.28600.00002575.360.00020.120.2818.6660

0.00000.00010.070.17800.00001951.110.00010.070.1711.3280

0.00000.00010.050.111000.00001532.530.00010.050.117.60100

0.00004.2E-050.020.051500.0000943.044.2E-050.020.053.61150

0.00002.4E-050.010.032000.0000647.012.4E-050.010.032.11200

0.00001.6E-050.010.022500.0000477.161.6E-050.010.021.38250

0.00004.2E-060.000.015000.0000180.514.2E-060.000.010.36500

0.00001.1E-060.000.0010000.000070.251.1E-060.000.000.101000

D-161



59.0%99% TCE2




0.00720.00350.541.2820

0.00620.00270.410.9730

0.00510.00170.270.6340

0.00440.00120.190.4450

0.00370.00090.140.3260

0.00280.00050.080.1980

0.00220.00040.060.13100

0.00140.00020.030.06150

0.00090.00010.020.04200

0.00070.00010.010.02250

0.00031.7E-050.000.01500

1.0E-044.6E-060.000.001000

D-162







0.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.68200.00441231.740.00170.150.3416.6820

0.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.45300.00581650.820.00330.290.6933.4530

0.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.02400.00531484.020.00270.240.5627.0240

0.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.03500.00742079.260.00250.220.5225.0350

0.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.90600.00681915.910.00210.180.4320.9060

0.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.23800.00521479.750.00120.110.2512.2380

0.00001184.750.00000.000.008.021000.00421184.750.00080.070.178.02100

0.0000769.330.00000.000.003.711500.0027769.330.00040.030.083.71150

0.0000550.340.00000.000.002.142000.0019550.340.00020.020.042.14200

0.0000417.990.00000.000.001.392500.0015417.990.00010.010.031.39250

0.0000169.200.00000.000.000.365000.0006169.203.6E-050.000.010.36500

0.000068.130.00000.000.000.1010000.000268.139.6E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00440.00170.150.34200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00580.00330.290.69300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00530.00270.240.56400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00740.00250.220.52500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00680.00210.180.43600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00520.00120.110.25800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00420.00080.070.171000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00270.00040.030.081500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00190.00020.020.042000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00150.00010.010.032500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.00063.6E-050.000.015000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.00029.6E-060.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-163







0.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.68200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.45300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.02400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.03500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.90600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.23800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00001184.750.00000.000.008.021000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.0000769.330.00000.000.003.711500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.0000550.340.00000.000.002.142000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.0000417.990.00000.000.001.392500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.0000169.200.00000.000.000.365000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.000068.130.00000.000.000.1010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00020.110.25200.00001231.740.00020.110.2516.6820

0.00000.00040.210.50300.00001650.820.00040.210.5033.4530

0.00000.00030.170.40400.00001484.020.00030.170.4027.0240

0.00000.00030.160.37500.00002079.260.00030.160.3725.0350

0.00000.00020.130.31600.00001915.910.00020.130.3120.9060

0.00000.00010.080.18800.00001479.750.00010.080.1812.2380

0.00000.00010.050.121000.00001184.750.00010.050.128.02100

0.00004.3E-050.020.051500.0000769.334.3E-050.020.053.71150

0.00002.5E-050.010.032000.0000550.342.5E-050.010.032.14200

0.00001.6E-050.010.022500.0000417.991.6E-050.010.021.39250

0.00004.2E-060.000.015000.0000169.204.2E-060.000.010.36500

0.00001.1E-060.000.0010000.000068.131.1E-060.000.000.101000

D-164



59.0%99% TCE2




0.00180.00080.120.2920

0.00240.00160.240.5830

0.00220.00130.200.4640

0.00300.00120.180.4350

0.00280.00100.150.3660

0.00210.00060.090.2180

0.00170.00040.060.14100

0.00110.00020.030.06150

0.00080.00010.020.04200

0.00060.00010.010.02250

0.00020.00000.000.01500

0.00010.00000.000.001000

D-165

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - Engine Degreasers - Default Met


Default-0Met Set:MeCl0%47%





0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.040211342.730.03072.706.34307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.03018496.330.02302.024.75229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.02336579.110.01781.573.68178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.01855238.720.01421.252.93141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.01514269.330.01161.022.39115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.01062995.850.00810.711.6781.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00792223.110.00600.531.2460.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00441239.310.00340.290.6933.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0028799.090.00220.190.4521.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0020563.570.00150.130.3215.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0007187.510.00050.040.105.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000264.260.00020.020.041.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.04020.03072.706.34200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.03010.02302.024.75300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.02330.01781.573.68400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01850.01421.252.93500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.01510.01161.022.39600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.01060.00810.711.67800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00790.00600.531.241000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00440.00340.290.691500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00280.00220.190.452000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00200.00150.130.322500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00070.00050.040.105000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00020.00020.020.0410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000D-166







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000






0.00000.00361.934.54200.000011342.730.00361.934.54307.0320

0.00000.00271.453.40300.00008496.330.00271.453.40229.9830

0.00000.00211.122.64400.00006579.110.00211.122.64178.0940

0.00000.00160.892.10500.00005238.720.00160.892.10141.8050

0.00000.00130.731.71600.00004269.330.00130.731.71115.5660

0.00000.00090.511.20800.00002995.850.00090.511.2081.0980

0.00000.00070.380.891000.00002223.110.00070.380.8960.18100

0.00000.00040.210.501500.00001239.310.00040.210.5033.55150

0.00000.00030.140.322000.0000799.090.00030.140.3221.63200

0.00000.00020.100.232500.0000563.570.00020.100.2315.25250

0.00000.00010.030.085000.0000187.510.00010.030.085.08500

0.00002.0E-050.010.0310000.000064.262.0E-050.010.031.741000

D-167



59.0%99% TCE2




0.01650.01472.255.2820

0.01230.01101.683.9630

0.00950.00851.303.0640

0.00760.00681.042.4450

0.00620.00550.851.9960

0.00430.00390.591.3980

0.00320.00290.441.03100

0.00180.00160.250.58150

0.00120.00100.160.37200

0.00080.00070.110.26250

0.00030.00020.040.09500

0.00010.00010.010.031000

D-168







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.01875276.510.01431.262.95142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.01544358.640.01181.042.44117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.01293649.090.00990.872.0498.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.01103094.790.00840.741.7383.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.00942656.010.00720.631.4871.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.00712017.70.00550.481.1354.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.00561586.220.00430.380.8942.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0034969.720.00260.230.5426.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0023659.990.00180.160.3717.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0017482.190.00130.110.2713.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0006173.330.00050.040.104.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000261.90.00020.010.031.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01870.01431.262.95200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.01540.01181.042.44300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.01290.00990.872.04400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.01100.00840.741.73500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00940.00720.631.48600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00710.00550.481.13800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00560.00430.380.891000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00340.00260.230.541500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00230.00180.160.372000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00170.00130.110.272500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00060.00050.040.105000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00020.00020.010.0310000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-169







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000






0.00000.00170.902.11200.00005276.510.00170.902.11142.8320

0.00000.00140.741.75300.00004358.640.00140.741.75117.9830

0.00000.00110.621.46400.00003649.090.00110.621.4698.7840

0.00000.00100.531.24500.00003094.790.00100.531.2483.7750

0.00000.00080.451.06600.00002656.010.00080.451.0671.8960

0.00000.00060.340.81800.00002017.700.00060.340.8154.6280

0.00000.00050.270.641000.00001586.220.00050.270.6442.94100

0.00000.00030.170.391500.0000969.720.00030.170.3926.25150

0.00000.00020.110.262000.0000659.990.00020.110.2617.86200

0.00000.00020.080.192500.0000482.190.00020.080.1913.05250

0.00000.00010.030.075000.0000173.330.00010.030.074.69500

0.00001.9E-050.010.0210000.000061.901.9E-050.010.021.681000

D-170



59.0%99% TCE2




0.00770.00681.052.4620

0.00630.00560.862.0330

0.00530.00470.721.7040

0.00450.00400.611.4450

0.00390.00340.531.2460

0.00290.00260.400.9480

0.00230.00210.310.74100

0.00140.00130.190.45150

0.00100.00090.130.31200

0.00070.00060.100.22250

0.00030.00020.030.08500

0.00010.00010.010.031000

D-171







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.00972744.960.00740.651.5374.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.00842385.450.00650.571.3364.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.00742088.050.00570.501.1756.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.00651841.40.00500.441.0349.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.00581635.590.00440.390.9144.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.00471315.960.00360.310.7435.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00381083.10.00290.260.6129.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0025718.690.00190.170.4019.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0018516.250.00140.120.2913.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0014391.810.00110.090.2210.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0005154.560.00040.040.094.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000258.40.00020.010.031.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00970.00740.651.53200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00840.00650.571.33300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00740.00570.501.17400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00650.00500.441.03500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00580.00440.390.91600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00470.00360.310.74800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00380.00290.260.611000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00250.00190.170.401500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00180.00140.120.292000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00140.00110.090.222500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00050.00040.040.095000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00020.00020.010.0310000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-172







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000






0.00000.00090.471.10200.00002744.960.00090.471.1074.3020

0.00000.00070.410.96300.00002385.450.00070.410.9664.5730

0.00000.00070.360.84400.00002088.050.00070.360.8456.5240

0.00000.00060.310.74500.00001841.400.00060.310.7449.8450

0.00000.00050.280.66600.00001635.590.00050.280.6644.2760

0.00000.00040.220.53800.00001315.960.00040.220.5335.6280

0.00000.00030.180.431000.00001083.100.00030.180.4329.32100

0.00000.00020.120.291500.0000718.690.00020.120.2919.45150

0.00000.00020.090.212000.0000516.250.00020.090.2113.97200

0.00000.00010.070.162500.0000391.810.00010.070.1610.61250

0.00004.8E-050.030.065000.0000154.564.8E-050.030.064.18500

0.00001.8E-050.010.0210000.000058.401.8E-050.010.021.581000

D-173



59.0%99% TCE2




0.00400.00360.541.2820

0.00350.00310.471.1130

0.00300.00270.410.9740

0.00270.00240.360.8650

0.00240.00210.320.7660

0.00190.00170.260.6180

0.00160.00140.210.50100

0.00100.00090.140.33150

0.00070.00070.100.24200

0.00060.00050.080.18250

0.00020.00020.030.07500

0.00010.00010.010.031000

D-174

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - General Degreasers - Average of 10 Met Sets







0.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.54200.008310938.410.00580.511.20127.5420

0.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.72300.00628158.810.00310.270.6467.7230

0.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.93400.00486322.280.00190.170.4041.9340

0.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.51500.00385024.560.00130.110.2728.5150

0.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.66600.00314082.780.00090.080.1920.6660

0.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.27800.00212846.710.00060.050.1212.2780

0.00002100.300.00000.000.008.121000.00162100.300.00040.030.088.12100

0.00001171.110.00000.000.003.781500.00091171.110.00020.020.043.78150

0.0000763.650.00000.000.002.182000.0006763.650.00010.010.022.18200

0.0000545.140.00000.000.001.422500.0004545.140.00010.010.011.42250

0.0000192.370.00000.000.000.375000.0001192.371.7E-050.000.000.37500

0.000072.270.00000.000.000.1010005.5E-0572.274.4E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00830.00580.511.20200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.00620.00310.270.64300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.00480.00190.170.40400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.00380.00130.110.27500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00310.00090.080.19600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00210.00060.050.12800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00160.00040.030.081000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00090.00020.020.041500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00060.00010.010.022000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00040.00010.010.012500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.00011.7E-050.000.005000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

5.5E-054.4E-060.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000D-175







0.027110938.410.00110.200.46127.54200.014210938.410.00980.862.03127.5420

0.02028158.810.00060.100.2467.72300.01068158.810.00520.461.0867.7230

0.01576322.280.00040.060.1541.93400.00826322.280.00320.280.6741.9340

0.01255024.560.00030.040.1028.51500.00655024.560.00220.190.4528.5150

0.01014082.780.00020.030.0720.66600.00534082.780.00160.140.3320.6660

0.00712846.710.00010.020.0412.27800.00372846.710.00090.080.2012.2780

0.00522100.300.00010.010.038.121000.00272100.300.00060.060.138.12100

0.00291171.113.41E-050.010.013.781500.00151171.110.00030.030.063.78150

0.0019763.651.96E-050.000.012.182000.0010763.651.7E-040.010.032.18200

0.0014545.141.28E-050.000.011.422500.0007545.141.1E-040.010.021.42250

0.0005192.373.31E-060.000.000.375002.5E-04192.372.8E-050.000.010.37500

0.000272.278.64E-070.000.000.1010009.4E-0572.277.4E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.04130.01101.062.49200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.03080.00580.561.32300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.02390.00360.350.82400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01900.00250.240.56500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.01540.00180.170.40600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.01070.00110.100.24800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00790.00070.070.161000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00440.00030.030.071500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00290.00020.020.042000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00211.2E-040.010.032500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

7.3E-043.2E-050.000.015000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

2.7E-048.3E-060.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000

D-176







0.022710938.410.00010.160.38127.54200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.01698158.810.00010.090.2067.72300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.01316322.284.2E-050.050.1341.93400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01045024.562.9E-050.040.0928.51500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00854082.782.1E-050.030.0620.66600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00592846.711.2E-050.020.0412.27800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00442100.308.1E-060.010.028.121000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00241171.113.8E-060.000.013.781500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.0016763.652.2E-060.000.012.182000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.0011545.141.4E-060.000.001.422500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.0004192.373.7E-070.000.000.375000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.000172.279.6E-080.000.000.1010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.02270.00010.160.38200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.01690.00010.090.20300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.01314.2E-050.050.13400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.01042.9E-050.040.09500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00852.1E-050.030.06600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00591.2E-050.020.04800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00448.1E-060.010.021000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00243.8E-060.000.011500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.00162.2E-060.000.012000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.00111.4E-060.000.002500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.00043.7E-070.000.005000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.00019.6E-080.000.0010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000

D-177







0.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.54200.000010938.410.00000.000.00127.5420

0.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.72300.00008158.810.00000.000.0067.7230

0.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.93400.00006322.280.00000.000.0041.9340

0.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.51500.00005024.560.00000.000.0028.5150

0.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.66600.00004082.780.00000.000.0020.6660

0.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.27800.00002846.710.00000.000.0012.2780

0.00002100.300.00000.000.008.121000.00002100.300.00000.000.008.12100

0.00001171.110.00000.000.003.781500.00001171.110.00000.000.003.78150

0.0000763.650.00000.000.002.182000.0000763.650.00000.000.002.18200

0.0000545.140.00000.000.001.422500.0000545.140.00000.000.001.42250

0.0000192.370.00000.000.000.375000.0000192.370.00000.000.000.37500

0.000072.270.00000.000.000.1010000.000072.270.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00130.691.63200.000010938.410.00130.691.63127.5420

0.00000.00070.370.87300.00008158.810.00070.370.8767.7230

0.00000.00040.230.54400.00006322.280.00040.230.5441.9340

0.00000.00030.160.36500.00005024.560.00030.160.3628.5150

0.00000.00020.110.26600.00004082.780.00020.110.2620.6660

0.00000.00010.070.16800.00002846.710.00010.070.1612.2780

0.00000.00010.040.101000.00002100.300.00010.040.108.12100

0.00003.8E-050.020.051500.00001171.113.8E-050.020.053.78150

0.00002.2E-050.010.032000.0000763.652.2E-050.010.032.18200

0.00001.4E-050.010.022500.0000545.141.4E-050.010.021.42250

0.00003.7E-060.000.005000.0000192.373.7E-060.000.000.37500

0.00009.6E-070.000.0010000.000072.279.6E-070.000.000.101000

D-178

Averaged Multicomponent Health Impacts from General Degreasers for Facility G-01


1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00250.00150.651.5220

0.00190.00080.340.8130

0.00150.00050.210.5040

0.00120.00030.140.3450

0.00090.00020.100.2560

0.00070.00010.060.1580

0.00050.00010.040.10100

0.00030.00000.020.05150

0.00022.6E-050.010.03200

0.00011.7E-050.010.02250

4.4E-054.4E-060.000.00500

1.7E-051.2E-060.000.001000

D-179







0.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.17200.00384985.680.00340.300.7074.1720

0.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.37300.00324251.050.00260.230.5356.3730

0.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.41400.00273540.670.00170.150.3436.4140

0.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.36500.00233001.300.00120.100.2425.3650

0.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.66600.00192575.360.00090.070.1818.6660

0.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.32800.00151951.110.00050.050.1111.3280

0.00001532.530.00000.000.007.601000.00121532.530.00030.030.077.60100

0.0000943.040.00000.000.003.611500.0007943.040.00020.010.033.61150

0.0000647.010.00000.000.002.112000.0005647.010.00010.010.022.11200

0.0000477.160.00000.000.001.382500.0004477.160.00010.010.011.38250

0.0000180.510.00000.000.000.365000.0001180.511.7E-050.000.000.36500

0.000070.250.00000.000.000.1010005.3E-0570.254.4E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00380.00340.300.70200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00320.00260.230.53300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00270.00170.150.34400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00230.00120.100.24500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00190.00090.070.18600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00150.00050.050.11800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00120.00030.030.071000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00070.00020.010.031500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00050.00010.010.022000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00040.00010.010.012500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.00011.7E-050.000.005000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

5.3E-054.4E-060.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-180







0.01244985.680.00070.110.2774.17200.00654985.680.00570.501.1874.1720

0.01054251.050.00050.090.2056.37300.00554251.050.00430.380.9056.3730

0.00883540.670.00030.060.1336.41400.00463540.670.00280.250.5836.4140

0.00743001.300.00020.040.0925.36500.00393001.300.00200.170.4025.3650

0.00642575.360.00020.030.0718.66600.00332575.360.00140.130.3018.6660

0.00481951.110.00010.020.0411.32800.00251951.110.00090.080.1811.3280

0.00381532.530.00010.010.037.601000.00201532.530.00060.050.127.60100

0.0023943.043.3E-050.010.013.611500.0012943.040.00030.020.063.61150

0.0016647.011.9E-050.000.012.112000.0008647.011.6E-040.010.032.11200

0.0012477.161.2E-050.000.001.382500.0006477.161.1E-040.010.021.38250

0.0004180.513.3E-060.000.000.365002.3E-04180.512.8E-050.000.010.36500

0.000270.258.6E-070.000.000.1010009.1E-0570.257.4E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01880.00640.621.45200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.01600.00490.471.10300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.01340.00310.300.71400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.01130.00220.210.50500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00970.00160.160.36600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00740.00100.090.22800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00580.00070.060.151000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00360.00030.030.071500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00240.00020.020.042000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00181.2E-040.010.032500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

6.8E-043.1E-050.000.015000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

2.7E-048.3E-060.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-181







0.01034985.680.00010.090.2274.17200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00884251.050.00010.070.1756.37300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00733540.673.6E-050.050.1136.41400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00623001.302.5E-050.030.0825.36500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00532575.361.9E-050.020.0618.66600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00401951.111.1E-050.010.0311.32800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00321532.537.6E-060.010.027.601000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.0020943.043.6E-060.000.013.611500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.0013647.012.1E-060.000.012.112000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.0010477.161.4E-060.000.001.382500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.0004180.513.6E-070.000.000.365000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.000170.259.6E-080.000.000.1010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01030.00010.090.22200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00880.00010.070.17300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00733.6E-050.050.11400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00622.5E-050.030.08500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00531.9E-050.020.06600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00401.1E-050.010.03800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00327.6E-060.010.021000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.00203.6E-060.000.011500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.00132.1E-060.000.012000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.00101.4E-060.000.002500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.00043.6E-070.000.005000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.00019.6E-080.000.0010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000

D-182







0.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.17200.00004985.680.00000.000.0074.1720

0.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.37300.00004251.050.00000.000.0056.3730

0.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.41400.00003540.670.00000.000.0036.4140

0.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.36500.00003001.300.00000.000.0025.3650

0.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.66600.00002575.360.00000.000.0018.6660

0.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.32800.00001951.110.00000.000.0011.3280

0.00001532.530.00000.000.007.601000.00001532.530.00000.000.007.60100

0.0000943.040.00000.000.003.611500.0000943.040.00000.000.003.61150

0.0000647.010.00000.000.002.112000.0000647.010.00000.000.002.11200

0.0000477.160.00000.000.001.382500.0000477.160.00000.000.001.38250

0.0000180.510.00000.000.000.365000.0000180.510.00000.000.000.36500

0.000070.250.00000.000.000.1010000.000070.250.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00070.400.95200.00004985.680.00070.400.9574.1720

0.00000.00060.310.72300.00004251.050.00060.310.7256.3730

0.00000.00040.200.47400.00003540.670.00040.200.4736.4140

0.00000.00030.140.32500.00003001.300.00030.140.3225.3650

0.00000.00020.100.24600.00002575.360.00020.100.2418.6660

0.00000.00010.060.14800.00001951.110.00010.060.1411.3280

0.00000.00010.040.101000.00001532.530.00010.040.107.60100

0.00003.6E-050.020.051500.0000943.043.6E-050.020.053.61150

0.00002.1E-050.010.032000.0000647.012.1E-050.010.032.11200

0.00001.4E-050.010.022500.0000477.161.4E-050.010.021.38250

0.00003.6E-060.000.005000.0000180.513.6E-060.000.000.36500

0.00009.6E-070.000.0010000.000070.259.6E-070.000.000.101000

D-183



1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00120.00090.380.8920

0.00100.00070.290.6730

0.00080.00040.190.4340

0.00070.00030.130.3050

0.00060.00020.090.2260

0.00050.00010.060.1480

0.00040.00010.040.09100

0.00024.4E-050.020.04150

0.00012.5E-050.010.03200

0.00011.7E-050.010.02250

4.2E-054.4E-060.000.00500

1.6E-051.2E-060.000.001000

D-184







0.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.68200.00091231.740.00080.070.1616.6820

0.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.45300.00121650.820.00150.130.3233.4530

0.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.02400.00111484.020.00120.110.2627.0240

0.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.03500.00162079.260.00110.100.2425.0350

0.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.90600.00141915.910.00100.080.2020.9060

0.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.23800.00111479.750.00060.050.1212.2380

0.00001184.750.00000.000.008.021000.00091184.750.00040.030.088.02100

0.0000769.330.00000.000.003.711500.0006769.330.00020.010.043.71150

0.0000550.340.00000.000.002.142000.0004550.340.00010.010.022.14200

0.0000417.990.00000.000.001.392500.0003417.990.00010.010.011.39250

0.0000169.200.00000.000.000.365000.0001169.201.7E-050.000.000.36500

0.000068.130.00000.000.000.1010005.1E-0568.134.4E-060.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00090.00080.070.16200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00120.00150.130.32300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00110.00120.110.26400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00160.00110.100.24500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00140.00100.080.20600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00110.00060.050.12800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00090.00040.030.081000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00060.00020.010.041500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00040.00010.010.022000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00030.00010.010.012500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.00011.7E-050.000.005000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

5.1E-054.4E-060.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-185







0.00311231.740.00020.030.0616.68200.00161231.740.00130.110.2716.6820

0.00411650.820.00030.050.1233.45300.00211650.820.00260.230.5333.4530

0.00371484.020.00020.040.1027.02400.00191484.020.00210.180.4327.0240

0.00522079.260.00020.040.0925.03500.00272079.260.00190.170.4025.0350

0.00471915.910.00020.030.0820.90600.00251915.910.00160.140.3320.9060

0.00371479.750.00010.020.0412.23800.00191479.750.00090.080.1912.2380

0.00291184.750.00010.010.038.021000.00151184.750.00060.050.138.02100

0.0019769.333.3E-050.010.013.711500.0010769.330.00030.030.063.71150

0.0014550.341.9E-050.000.012.142000.0007550.341.6E-040.010.032.14200

0.0010417.991.3E-050.000.011.392500.0005417.991.1E-040.010.021.39250

0.0004169.203.3E-060.000.000.365002.2E-04169.202.8E-050.000.010.36500

0.000268.138.6E-070.000.000.1010008.8E-0568.137.4E-060.000.000.101000






0.00460.00140.140.33200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00620.00290.280.65300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00560.00230.220.53400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00780.00220.210.49500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00720.00180.170.41600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00560.00110.100.24800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00450.00070.070.161000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00290.00030.030.071500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00210.00020.020.042000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00161.2E-040.010.032500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

6.4E-043.1E-050.000.015000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

2.6E-048.3E-060.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-186







0.00261231.741.7E-050.020.0516.68200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00341650.823.3E-050.040.1033.45300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00311484.022.7E-050.030.0827.02400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00432079.262.5E-050.030.0825.03500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00401915.912.1E-050.030.0620.90600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00311479.751.2E-050.020.0412.23800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00251184.758.0E-060.010.028.021000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.0016769.333.7E-060.000.013.711500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.0011550.342.1E-060.000.012.142000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.0009417.991.4E-060.000.001.392500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.0004169.203.6E-070.000.000.365000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.000168.139.6E-080.000.000.1010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00261.7E-050.020.05200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00343.3E-050.040.10300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00312.7E-050.030.08400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00432.5E-050.030.08500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00402.1E-050.030.06600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00311.2E-050.020.04800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00258.0E-060.010.021000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.00163.7E-060.000.011500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.00112.1E-060.000.012000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.00091.4E-060.000.002500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.00043.6E-070.000.005000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.00019.6E-080.000.0010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000

D-187







0.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.68200.00001231.740.00000.000.0016.6820

0.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.45300.00001650.820.00000.000.0033.4530

0.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.02400.00001484.020.00000.000.0027.0240

0.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.03500.00002079.260.00000.000.0025.0350

0.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.90600.00001915.910.00000.000.0020.9060

0.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.23800.00001479.750.00000.000.0012.2380

0.00001184.750.00000.000.008.021000.00001184.750.00000.000.008.02100

0.0000769.330.00000.000.003.711500.0000769.330.00000.000.003.71150

0.0000550.340.00000.000.002.142000.0000550.340.00000.000.002.14200

0.0000417.990.00000.000.001.392500.0000417.990.00000.000.001.39250

0.0000169.200.00000.000.000.365000.0000169.200.00000.000.000.36500

0.000068.130.00000.000.000.1010000.000068.130.00000.000.000.101000






0.00000.00020.090.21200.00001231.740.00020.090.2116.6820

0.00000.00030.180.43300.00001650.820.00030.180.4333.4530

0.00000.00030.150.35400.00001484.020.00030.150.3527.0240

0.00000.00030.140.32500.00002079.260.00030.140.3225.0350

0.00000.00020.110.27600.00001915.910.00020.110.2720.9060

0.00000.00010.070.16800.00001479.750.00010.070.1612.2380

0.00000.00010.040.101000.00001184.750.00010.040.108.02100

0.00003.7E-050.020.051500.0000769.333.7E-050.020.053.71150

0.00002.1E-050.010.032000.0000550.342.1E-050.010.032.14200

0.00001.4E-050.010.022500.0000417.991.4E-050.010.021.39250

0.00003.6E-060.000.005000.0000169.203.6E-060.000.000.36500

0.00009.6E-070.000.0010000.000068.139.6E-070.000.000.101000

D-188



1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00030.00020.080.2020

0.00040.00040.170.4030

0.00030.00030.140.3240

0.00050.00030.130.3050

0.00040.00030.110.2560

0.00030.00010.060.1580

0.00030.00010.040.10100

0.00024.5E-050.020.04150

0.00012.6E-050.010.03200

0.00011.7E-050.010.02250

3.9E-054.4E-060.000.00500

1.6E-051.2E-060.000.001000

D-189

Risk Assessment Summary - 3 Generic FacilitiesMulticomponent Impacts - General Degreasers - Default Met







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.008611342.730.01401.232.90307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.00648496.330.01050.922.17229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.00506579.110.00810.721.68178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.00405238.720.00650.571.34141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.00324269.330.00530.461.09115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.00232995.850.00370.330.7781.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00172223.110.00280.240.5760.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00091239.310.00150.130.3233.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0006799.090.00100.090.2021.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0004563.570.00070.060.1415.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0001187.510.00020.020.055.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410004.9E-0564.260.00010.010.021.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00860.01401.232.90200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.00640.01050.922.17300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.00500.00810.721.68400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.00400.00650.571.34500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00320.00530.461.09600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00230.00370.330.77800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00170.00280.240.571000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00090.00150.130.321500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00060.00100.090.202000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00040.00070.060.142500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00010.00020.020.055000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

4.9E-050.00010.010.0210000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000D-190







0.028111342.730.00280.471.11307.03200.014711342.730.02372.084.89307.0320

0.02118496.330.00210.350.83229.98300.01108496.330.01771.563.66229.9830

0.01636579.110.00160.270.64178.09400.00856579.110.01371.212.84178.0940

0.01305238.720.00130.220.51141.80500.00685238.720.01090.962.26141.8050

0.01064269.330.00100.180.42115.56600.00554269.330.00890.781.84115.5660

0.00742995.850.00070.120.2981.09800.00392995.850.00630.551.2981.0980

0.00552223.110.00050.090.2260.181000.00292223.110.00460.410.9660.18100

0.00311239.310.00030.050.1233.551500.00161239.310.00260.230.5333.55150

0.0020799.090.00020.030.0821.632000.0010799.090.00170.150.3421.63200

0.0014563.570.00010.020.0515.252500.0007563.570.00120.100.2415.25250

0.0005187.514.57E-050.010.025.085000.0002187.510.00040.030.085.08500

0.000264.261.57E-050.000.011.7410000.000164.260.00010.010.031.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.04280.02642.556.00200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.03210.01981.914.49300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.02480.01531.483.48400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01980.01221.182.77500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.01610.01000.962.26600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.01130.00700.671.58800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00840.00520.501.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00470.00290.280.661500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00300.00190.180.422000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00210.00130.130.302500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00070.00040.040.105000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00020.00010.010.0310000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-191







0.023511342.730.00030.390.92307.03200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.01768496.330.00020.290.69229.98300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.01366579.110.00020.230.53178.09400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01095238.720.00010.180.43141.80500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00884269.330.00010.150.35115.56600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00622995.850.00010.100.2481.09800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00462223.110.00010.080.1860.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00261239.313.4E-050.040.1033.551500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.0017799.092.2E-050.030.0621.632000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.0012563.571.5E-050.020.0515.252500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.0004187.515.1E-060.010.025.085000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.000164.261.7E-060.000.011.7410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.02350.00030.390.92200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.01760.00020.290.69300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.01360.00020.230.53400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.01090.00010.180.43500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00880.00010.150.35600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00620.00010.100.24800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00460.00010.080.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00263.4E-050.040.101500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.00172.2E-050.030.062000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.00121.5E-050.020.052500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.00045.1E-060.010.025000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.00011.7E-060.000.0110000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000

D-192







0.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.03200.000011342.730.00000.000.00307.0320

0.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.98300.00008496.330.00000.000.00229.9830

0.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.09400.00006579.110.00000.000.00178.0940

0.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.80500.00005238.720.00000.000.00141.8050

0.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.56600.00004269.330.00000.000.00115.5660

0.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.09800.00002995.850.00000.000.0081.0980

0.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.181000.00002223.110.00000.000.0060.18100

0.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.551500.00001239.310.00000.000.0033.55150

0.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.632000.0000799.090.00000.000.0021.63200

0.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.252500.0000563.570.00000.000.0015.25250

0.0000187.510.00000.000.005.085000.0000187.510.00000.000.005.08500

0.000064.260.00000.000.001.7410000.000064.260.00000.000.001.741000






0.00000.00311.673.93200.000011342.730.00311.673.93307.0320

0.00000.00231.252.94300.00008496.330.00231.252.94229.9830

0.00000.00180.972.28400.00006579.110.00180.972.28178.0940

0.00000.00140.771.82500.00005238.720.00140.771.82141.8050

0.00000.00120.631.48600.00004269.330.00120.631.48115.5660

0.00000.00080.441.04800.00002995.850.00080.441.0481.0980

0.00000.00060.330.771000.00002223.110.00060.330.7760.18100

0.00000.00030.180.431500.00001239.310.00030.180.4333.55150

0.00000.00020.120.282000.0000799.090.00020.120.2821.63200

0.00000.00020.080.202500.0000563.570.00020.080.2015.25250

0.00000.00010.030.065000.0000187.510.00010.030.065.08500

0.00001.7E-050.010.0210000.000064.261.7E-050.010.021.741000

D-193



1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00260.00371.563.6720

0.00200.00281.172.7530

0.00150.00210.912.1340

0.00120.00170.721.6950

0.00100.00140.591.3860

0.00070.00100.410.9780

0.00050.00070.310.72100

0.00030.00040.170.40150

0.00020.00030.110.26200

0.00010.00020.080.18250

4.3E-050.00010.030.06500

1.5E-052.1E-050.010.021000

D-194







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.00405276.510.00650.571.35142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.00334358.640.00540.471.11117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.00283649.090.00450.400.9398.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.00233094.790.00380.340.7983.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.00202656.010.00330.290.6871.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.00152017.700.00250.220.5254.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.00121586.220.00200.170.4142.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0007969.720.00120.110.2526.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0005659.990.00080.070.1717.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0004482.190.00060.050.1213.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0001173.330.00020.020.044.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810004.7E-0561.900.00010.010.021.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00400.00650.571.35200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00330.00540.471.11300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00280.00450.400.93400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00230.00380.340.79500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00200.00330.290.68600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00150.00250.220.52800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00120.00200.170.411000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00070.00120.110.251500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00050.00080.070.172000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00040.00060.050.122500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00010.00020.020.045000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

4.7E-050.00010.010.0210000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-195







0.01315276.510.00130.220.51142.83200.00685276.510.01100.972.28142.8320

0.01084358.640.00110.180.42117.98300.00564358.640.00910.801.88117.9830

0.00903649.090.00090.150.3698.78400.00473649.090.00760.671.5798.7840

0.00773094.790.00080.130.3083.77500.00403094.790.00650.571.3383.7750

0.00662656.010.00060.110.2671.89600.00342656.010.00550.491.1571.8960

0.00502017.700.00050.080.2054.62800.00262017.700.00420.370.8754.6280

0.00391586.220.00040.070.1542.941000.00211586.220.00330.290.6842.94100

0.0024969.720.00020.040.0926.251500.0013969.720.00200.180.4226.25150

0.0016659.990.00020.030.0617.862000.0009659.990.00140.120.2817.86200

0.0012482.190.00010.020.0513.052500.0006482.190.00100.090.2113.05250

0.0004173.334.2E-050.010.024.695000.0002173.330.00040.030.074.69500

0.000261.901.5E-050.000.011.6810008.0E-0561.900.00010.010.031.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01990.01231.192.79200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.01640.01020.982.30300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.01380.00850.821.93400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.01170.00720.701.64500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.01000.00620.601.40600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00760.00470.451.07800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00600.00370.360.841000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00370.00230.220.511500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00250.00150.150.352000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00180.00110.110.252500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00070.00040.040.095000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

2.3E-041.4E-040.010.0310000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-196







0.01095276.510.00010.180.43142.83200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00904358.640.00010.150.35117.98300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00763649.090.00010.130.3098.78400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00643094.798.4E-050.110.2583.77500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00552656.017.2E-050.090.2271.89600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00422017.705.5E-050.070.1654.62800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00331586.224.3E-050.050.1342.941000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.0020969.722.6E-050.030.0826.251500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.0014659.991.8E-050.020.0517.862000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.0010482.191.3E-050.020.0413.052500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.0004173.334.7E-060.010.014.695000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.000161.901.7E-060.000.011.6810000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01090.00010.180.43200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00900.00010.150.35300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00760.00010.130.30400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00648.4E-050.110.25500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00557.2E-050.090.22600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00425.5E-050.070.16800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00334.3E-050.050.131000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.00202.6E-050.030.081500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.00141.8E-050.020.052000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.00101.3E-050.020.042500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.00044.7E-060.010.015000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.00011.7E-060.000.0110000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000

D-197







0.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.83200.00005276.510.00000.000.00142.8320

0.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.98300.00004358.640.00000.000.00117.9830

0.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.78400.00003649.090.00000.000.0098.7840

0.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.77500.00003094.790.00000.000.0083.7750

0.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.89600.00002656.010.00000.000.0071.8960

0.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.62800.00002017.700.00000.000.0054.6280

0.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.941000.00001586.220.00000.000.0042.94100

0.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.251500.0000969.720.00000.000.0026.25150

0.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.862000.0000659.990.00000.000.0017.86200

0.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.052500.0000482.190.00000.000.0013.05250

0.0000173.330.00000.000.004.695000.0000173.330.00000.000.004.69500

0.000061.900.00000.000.001.6810000.000061.900.00000.000.001.681000






0.00000.00140.781.83200.00005276.510.00140.781.83142.8320

0.00000.00120.641.51300.00004358.640.00120.641.51117.9830

0.00000.00100.541.26400.00003649.090.00100.541.2698.7840

0.00000.00080.461.07500.00003094.790.00080.461.0783.7750

0.00000.00070.390.92600.00002656.010.00070.390.9271.8960

0.00000.00050.300.70800.00002017.700.00050.300.7054.6280

0.00000.00040.230.551000.00001586.220.00040.230.5542.94100

0.00000.00030.140.341500.0000969.720.00030.140.3426.25150

0.00000.00020.100.232000.0000659.990.00020.100.2317.86200

0.00000.00010.070.172500.0000482.190.00010.070.1713.05250

0.00004.7E-050.030.065000.0000173.334.7E-050.030.064.69500

0.00001.7E-050.010.0210000.000061.901.7E-050.010.021.681000

D-198



1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00120.00170.731.7120

0.00100.00140.601.4130

0.00080.00120.501.1840

0.00070.00100.431.0050

0.00060.00090.370.8660

0.00050.00070.280.6580

0.00040.00050.220.51100

0.00020.00030.130.31150

0.00020.00020.090.21200

0.00010.00020.070.16250

4.0E-050.00010.020.06500

1.4E-052.0E-050.010.021000

D-199







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.00212744.960.00340.300.7074.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.00182385.450.00300.260.6164.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.00162088.050.00260.230.5356.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.00141841.400.00230.200.4749.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.00121635.590.00200.180.4244.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.00101315.960.00160.140.3435.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00081083.100.00130.120.2829.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0005718.690.00090.080.1819.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0004516.250.00060.060.1313.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0003391.810.00050.040.1010.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0001154.560.00020.020.044.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810004.4E-0558.400.00010.010.011.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00210.00340.300.70200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00180.00300.260.61300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00160.00260.230.53400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00140.00230.200.47500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00120.00200.180.42600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00100.00160.140.34800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00080.00130.120.281000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00050.00090.080.181500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00040.00060.060.132000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00030.00050.040.102500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00010.00020.020.045000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

4.4E-050.00010.010.0110000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-200







0.00682744.960.00070.110.2774.30200.00362744.960.00570.501.1874.3020

0.00592385.450.00060.100.2364.57300.00312385.450.00500.441.0364.5730

0.00522088.050.00050.090.2056.52400.00272088.050.00440.380.9056.5240

0.00461841.400.00040.080.1849.84500.00241841.400.00380.340.7949.8450

0.00411635.590.00040.070.1644.27600.00211635.590.00340.300.7144.2760

0.00331315.960.00030.050.1335.62800.00171315.960.00270.240.5735.6280

0.00271083.100.00030.040.1129.321000.00141083.100.00230.200.4729.32100

0.0018718.690.00020.030.0719.451500.0009718.690.00150.130.3119.45150

0.0013516.250.00010.020.0513.972000.0007516.250.00110.090.2213.97200

0.0010391.810.00010.020.0410.612500.0005391.810.00080.070.1710.61250

0.0004154.563.8E-050.010.024.185002.0E-04154.560.00030.030.074.18500

0.000158.401.4E-050.000.011.5810007.6E-0558.401.2E-040.010.031.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.01040.00640.621.45200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00900.00560.541.26300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00790.00490.471.10400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00690.00430.410.97500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00620.00380.370.86600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00500.00310.300.70800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00410.00250.240.571000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00270.00170.160.381500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00190.00120.120.272000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00150.00090.090.212500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

5.8E-040.00040.030.085000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

2.2E-041.4E-040.010.0310000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-201







0.00572744.960.00010.090.2274.30200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00492385.450.00010.080.1964.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00432088.050.00010.070.1756.52400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00381841.400.00000.060.1549.84500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00341635.590.00000.060.1344.27600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00271315.963.6E-050.050.1135.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00221083.102.9E-050.040.0929.321000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.0015718.691.9E-050.020.0619.451500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.0011516.251.4E-050.020.0413.972000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.0008391.811.1E-050.010.0310.612500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.0003154.564.2E-060.010.014.185000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.000158.401.6E-060.000.001.5810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000



0Ann Rate [g/s]:



0.00570.00010.090.22200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00490.00010.080.19300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00430.00010.070.17400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00384.98E-050.060.15500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00344.43E-050.060.13600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00273.6E-050.050.11800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00222.9E-050.040.091000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.00151.9E-050.020.061500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.00111.4E-050.020.042000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.00081.1E-050.010.032500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.00034.2E-060.010.015000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.00011.6E-060.000.0010000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000

D-202







0.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.30200.00002744.960.00000.000.0074.3020

0.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.57300.00002385.450.00000.000.0064.5730

0.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.52400.00002088.050.00000.000.0056.5240

0.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.84500.00001841.400.00000.000.0049.8450

0.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.27600.00001635.590.00000.000.0044.2760

0.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.62800.00001315.960.00000.000.0035.6280

0.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.321000.00001083.100.00000.000.0029.32100

0.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.451500.0000718.690.00000.000.0019.45150

0.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.972000.0000516.250.00000.000.0013.97200

0.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.612500.0000391.810.00000.000.0010.61250

0.0000154.560.00000.000.004.185000.0000154.560.00000.000.004.18500

0.000058.400.00000.000.001.5810000.000058.400.00000.000.001.581000






0.00000.00070.400.95200.00002744.960.00070.400.9574.3020

0.00000.00060.350.83300.00002385.450.00060.350.8364.5730

0.00000.00060.310.72400.00002088.050.00060.310.7256.5240

0.00000.00050.270.64500.00001841.400.00050.270.6449.8450

0.00000.00040.240.57600.00001635.590.00040.240.5744.2760

0.00000.00040.190.46800.00001315.960.00040.190.4635.6280

0.00000.00030.160.381000.00001083.100.00030.160.3829.32100

0.00000.00020.110.251500.0000718.690.00020.110.2519.45150

0.00000.00010.080.182000.0000516.250.00010.080.1813.97200

0.00000.00010.060.142500.0000391.810.00010.060.1410.61250

0.00004.2E-050.020.055000.0000154.564.2E-050.020.054.18500

0.00001.6E-050.010.0210000.000058.401.6E-050.010.021.581000

D-203



1.1%41% Perc/55% MeCl2

7.2%46% MeCl3

86.0%97% TCE4




0.00060.00090.380.8920

0.00060.00080.330.7730

0.00050.00070.290.6740

0.00040.00060.250.6050

0.00040.00050.230.5360

0.00030.00040.180.4380

0.00020.00040.150.35100

0.00020.00020.100.23150

0.00010.00020.070.17200

0.00010.00010.050.13250

3.6E-050.00010.020.05500

1.3E-051.9E-050.010.021000

D-204

D-205

E. Memorandum. Modeling of Perchloroethylene, Methylene Chloride, andTrichloroethylene Emissions from Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities

(memo starts on the following page)

Winston H. HickoxAgency Secretary

California Environmental Protection Agency

Printed on Recycled Paper

Air Resources BoardAlan C. Lloyd, Ph.D.

Chairman2020 L Street • P.O. Box 2815 • Sacramento, California 95812 • www.arb.ca.gov

Gray DavisGovernor

MEMORANDUM

TO: Todd Wong, ManagerEmissions Evaluation SectionStationary Source Division

FROM: Andrew Ranzieri, ManagerModeling Support SectionPlanning and Technical Support Division

DATE: January 11, 2000

SUBJECT: MODELING RESULTS FOR PERCHLOROETHYLENE (PERC),METHYLENE CHLORIDE (MECI), AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE)EMISSIONS FROM AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRFACILITIES (AMR)

Perchloroethylene (Perc), methylene chloride (MeCl), and trichloroethylene (TCE) arecommon constituents of automotive consumer products used for AutomotiveMaintenance and Repair (AMR) activities. Per your request, refined air dispersionmodeling has been performed to estimate downwind concentrations from AMR facilities.Specifically, this memo addresses the following requests:

1. Estimate the overall maximum hourly and overall maximum annual concentrations ofPerc, MeCl, and TCE attributable to specific AMR facilities;

2. Estimate the maximum hourly and maximum annual concentrations of Perc, MeCl,and TCE attributable to specific AMR facilities experienced by the nearest businessreceptor (NBR), nearest residential receptor (NRR), maximum exposed individualworker (MEIW), and maximum exposed individual resident (MEIR);

3. Estimate the population exposure to Perc, MeCl, and TCE concentrations attributableto specific AMR facilities; and

4. Estimate the range of hourly and annual Perc, MeCl, and TCE concentrations thatmight result from the individual operation of three hypothetical, generic facilities inseveral locations throughout the State of California.

Todd WongJanuary 11, 2000Page 2

Your staff provided information on thirteen specific facilities. This information is basedon site visits that your staff performed. In addition, your staff provided information onthree generic facilities that were designed to broadly represent the range of facilities thatare in operation in California. Generic facilities are labeled G-01, G-02, and G-03.Table 1A provides the coordinates and general location of each specific facility whileTable 1B gives the dimensions and operating schedule for each specific facility. Above-ambient, hourly and annual concentration estimates are provided at locationssurrounding each of the facilities. This refined modeling is an enhancement to thescreening analyses performed by your staff using the SCREEN3 dispersion model.

Discussion of Model Application

The ISCST3 (Version 97363) air dispersion model was utilized in this project. Themodel estimates concentrations at specified receptor locations around each facility,directly caused by each facility’s emissions. The receptors can be defined as individuallocations, a gridded network of locations (defined by a number of rows and columns), ora polar network of locations (defined by a number of points along multiple radials,separated by an angular distance). Table 2 provides a description of the receptornetworks used in this analysis. The closest receptor utilized for specific facility modelingis approximately 32 meters from the centroid of the source. Concentrations closer than32 meters to the source centroid could be higher. This distance was selected basedupon the size of the largest of the thirteen facilities to eliminate the chance of receptorsfalling inside the perimeter of each facility. In addition, discrete receptors were used toidentify businesses and residences located nearby each of the facilities by your staff.These receptors are discussed in more detail later. Your staff requested the specificpolar distances used for generic facility modeling. These distances are provided in thefootnotes of Table 2.

The ISCST model assumes that emissions are totally inert. That is, there are nochemical reactions involving the emissions that occur between the source and receptor.In addition, the modeling options selected for this project are based on the assumptionthat pollutant deposition, where emissions can fall-out or deposit on the ground or othersurfaces, does not occur. These assumptions keep the total mass of facility-specificPerc, MeCl, and TCE emissions constant, which implies a linear relationship betweenthe magnitude of the brake cleaner emissions and the associated concentration at eachreceptor.

Facility-wide Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions of 1 gram per second was used. This isreferred to as a unit emission rate, which produces corresponding unit concentrations atall modeled receptors. Coupled with the use of a unit emission rate, the linearrelationship between emissions released at the source and the directly related


concentrations at receptors surrounding the source allows the effects of multiple facilityemission magnitudes to be determined directly. This is done by multiplying the unitconcentration estimated at any receptor (using unit emissions) by the specific emissionrate for each scenario. Reporting unit concentration results was determined to be mostbeneficial because a single set of modeling results can be utilized by your staff toestimate the effects of multiple emission-rate scenarios. Thus, your staff mustadjust all the concentration estimates reported in this document using facility-specificemissions scenarios in the following manner:

(1)

=

×

ionConcentrat

Scenario

Rate

Emission

Scenario

ionConcentrat

Unit

There are a number of plausible routes through which emissions can exit a facility. Sitevisits and surveys indicate that AMR facilities can have a variety of different ventilationsystems, including forced-air systems, passive vents, and fans as well as open doorsand windows. However, it is assumed that service bay doors are the overwhelmingavenues by which Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions mix with outdoor air. There areseveral reasons for this assumption. Most notable is that service bay doors are usuallyleft open. This practice is due to both the comfortable California climate and thepracticality of leaving the doors open to allow entrance and exit of automobiles. Also,doors are typically left open because closed doors give the appearance that the facilityis closed. Service bay doors are typically the car-width, roll-up variety and, as such,provide a large exit area once they are opened. With respect to facility design, there isa desire to maximize the number of service bays per facility, and, as such, service baydoors typically account for the greatest surface area along the front and/or back of afacility.

When Perc, MeCl, and TCE emissions immediately leave the facility from the servicebay door openings, building-induced wind flow and turbulence patterns affect thedispersion of the emissions as the Perc, MeCl, and TCE mixes with the outside airpassing by the structure. The effects on the air flowing immediately around the buildingare caused by higher pressure at the windward side of the building and lower pressureat the leeward side of the building. The magnitude of these effects is a function of windspeed, building dimensions and building orientation.

Based on the processes described above, the facilities were modeled as ISCST3volume sources using the facility dimensions provided by your staff. Minor adjustmentswere made to the facility dimensions that were provided in order to adhere to the inputrequirements of the model. That is, the ISCST3 model is designed to simulate the


dispersion of volume source emissions using volume sources having a square base(i.e., equal length and width). As a result, rectangular buildings, like most of thefacilities modeled, are simulated as a series of adjacent volume sources, each having asquare foot print. Only two of the facilities modeled are simulated using one volumesource (facilities A-28 and O). In addition, the ISCST3 model simulates volume sourcesas virtual point sources. The details of this methodology are provided in the ISC3documentation and require three basic input parameters: an initial lateral dimension(sigma x), an initial vertical dimension (sigma y), and the effective release height. Thesigma inputs are based on the height of the volume source and the length of each sideof each square volume source. To be consistent with initial modeling analyses, theeffective emission plume release height is assumed to be half of the building height.Table 3 provides the ISCST3 volume source input parameters used.

Due to the assumptions made about the reactivity and deposition of emissions (i.e.,none of either), concentrations attributable to each facility are assumed to be dependentsolely on the dispersion of facility emissions by the effects of meteorologicalparameters. The terrain is assumed to be urban, and, as such, urban dispersioncoefficients are applied. It should be noted that this analysis does not account forregional, background concentrations or overlapping plumes of Perc, MeCl, and TCEfrom other sources that could impact any of the receptors modeled.

Description of Meteorological Data Used

At a fixed geographical location, measured meteorological parameters are expected tofall within historical ranges and to follow a regular, annual pattern with some year-to-year variability. As a result of this consistency, meteorological data that are collectedusing EPA approved procedures at a specific location can be used in modelinganalyses to represent meteorological conditions that are likely to be experienced at thesame location in the future. It is also acceptable to utilize off-site meteorological datathat are representative of the conditions at the site of analysis (whererepresentativeness is based on specific EPA guidelines).

Site-specific meteorological data are not available for any of the specific AMR facilities.Therefore, representative, off-site meteorological data were used. Also, since a few ofthe thirteen facilities are located in the same general geographical area, some of thethirteen facilities are represented by the same meteorological data. As a result,modeling for the thirteen facilities utilizes ten different off-site meteorological datacollection sites, each of which are representative of the meteorological conditionsexperienced at one or more facilities. To account for year-to-year variability inmeteorological conditions experienced in a region, multiple years of meteorological datawere used, where available. In total, forty-five meteorological data sets were used,


comprised of one to six years of data per each of the ten meteorological sites. Only oneyear of meteorological data were available for facility U while three to six years of datawere used for the remaining facilities.

Table 4 lists the representative meteorological data that were used for each of thethirteen specific facilities. Each generic facility was modeled using all of the specificfacility meteorological data sets (i.e., all forty-five meteorological data sets). This wasdone to broadly assess the level of pollutant concentrations that could be associatedwith different sizes of service facilities located in the different regions around the statethat are represented by the ten different meteorological data collection sites. In additionto using all of the specific facility meteorological data, each generic facility was modeledwith default meteorological data (i.e., default meteorological data from the SCREENmodel). Three default data sets were used, corresponding to wind directions of 0, 45,and 90 degrees- where zero degrees corresponds to the radial parallel to the longestside of each facility and would yield the highest modeled concentrations.

Method for Determination of Hourly Concentrations

One purpose of this analysis is to determine the maximum hourly concentration thatmight be experienced in the area surrounding an AMR facility. Using the ISCST3 modelthis is determined with facility-specific inputs such as the facility emissions rate, thehourly operating schedule, and the range of observed meteorological conditions thathave historically occurred during each facility’s hours of operation. As mentionedearlier, this analysis assumes the facility emission rate to be 1 gram/second (unitemission rate).

All of the facilities modeled in this project operate on a consistent weekly schedule,comprised of a combination of the hour-of-day that a facility is open (i.e., 12AM-12PM)per each day-of-week (i.e., Monday-Sunday). All of the schedules were similar in thateach AMR facility operates on a fixed weekday operating schedule (e.g., 9AM-5PM,Monday through Friday) where the weekend hours fall within the scheduled weekdayhours (e.g., 10AM-2PM, Saturday).

An important concept in selecting proper meteorological data inputs for worst-casemodeling analyses is that meteorological conditions measured on Saturday at 9AMduring year ‘X’ could occur some other year on any day of the week at 9AM. Thus, if anAMR facility is open for business every Saturday at 9AM, then all meteorologicalconditions historically experienced during that hour of the day, not day of the week,must be considered to estimate the maximum hourly concentration. With this concept inmind, each annual, 24-hour-per-day meteorological data set can be considered toconsist of 24 separate data sets (i.e., one per hour of the day, military time). Each of


these 24 fixed-hour data sets represents the range of meteorological conditions thathave occurred during the same hour of the day for the entire year.Hourly concentrations were estimated by the ISCST3 model using all of themeteorological conditions that were measured during any hour-of-day that is specified inthe operating schedules provided by your staff, irrespective of the day of the week.Since all of the facilities have weekend hours of operation that are a subset of theweekday hours of operation, meteorological data coincident with the Monday throughFriday operating hours-of-day were used. For example, a facility might operate Mondaythrough Friday from 9AM to 5PM and on Saturday from 9AM to 2PM (45 hours perweek). For this facility, hourly concentrations were estimated by the ISCST3 usingmeteorological conditions measured any day of the year from 9AM to 5PM (56 hoursper week, 52 weeks per year) for all the years of meteorological data available.

Method for Determination of Annual Concentrations

Another purpose of this analysis is to determine the maximum annual concentration thatmight be experienced in the area surrounding a facility. The ISCST model calculateslong-term, annual concentrations by averaging all the hourly concentrations determinedat each receptor over the year represented by the meteorological data input file. Thisincludes concentrations calculated when the facility is not operating (i.e., null hourlyconcentrations). Thus, the model averages all of the hourly concentration estimatesdescribed in the previous section (Determination of Hourly Concentrations) over allhours of the year. For example, a facility that operates Monday through Friday from9AM to 5PM and on Saturday from 9AM to 2PM is open 45 hours per week. For thisfacility, 2340 hourly average concentrations per receptor should be considered incalculating the average concentration per non leap year (45 hours-per-week, 52 weeksper year). However, to account for all possible hourly meteorological conditionsassociated with each hour of facility operation, more hourly concentrations arecalculated than correspond to each facility’s operating schedule (described in theprevious paragraph). That is, using the above example facility, 56 hours per week aremodeled rather than 45 hours per week. This results in 9 additional hourlyconcentrations per week, which are used in calculating the annual average. Thus, theannual average concentrations determined by the model are overestimated. Toalleviate overestimation of the annual average concentration estimates, the annualaverage concentrations calculated by the model were adjusted using a factor ofscheduled hours per week over the modeled hours per week. For the example facilityused above this reduction factor is 0.804, which is equal to 45 operating hours dividedby 56 modeled hours. This adjustment method assumes that the 9 additionalconcentrations per week fall within the weekly average concentrations associated withthe specific 45 hour-per-week operating schedule. Table 5 provides the annual


adjustment factors used for each facility. All of the annual concentration estimatesprovided in this memo have already been adjusted by these factors.

Modeling Results for Specific Facilities

Grid-Based Receptor Network Results

For each hour of meteorological data used, hourly concentrations specific to a facility’semissions were estimated at each receptor in a gridded network surrounding each ofthe specific facilities. The utilized receptor networks are described in Table 2.Receptors representing discrete, off-site residences or businesses that might be locatedin-between the equally spaced, gridded receptors were modeled separately (theseresults are described in the following section). As described in the previous sections andin Table 4, hourly meteorological conditions from 1 to 6 annual meteorological data setswere used per facility.

For each facility and for each year of meteorological data used, the maximum hourlyand maximum annual concentrations were determined out of all of the hourly andannual concentrations estimated to occur at any of the receptors in the gridded receptornetwork. Thus, 1 to 6 maximum hourly concentrations and 1 to 6 maximum annualconcentrations were determined per site (i.e., one maximum hourly and one maximumannual concentration per year of meteorological data). Tables 6A and 6B summarizethe high, average, and low statistics for the 1 to 6 maximum annual concentrations and1 to 6 maximum hourly concentrations, respectively, determined for each site. Forexample, if five years of meteorological data were available for a facility, modeling mightresult in maximum, annual-average concentration estimates of 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18micrograms per cubic meter. In this case, the high would be 18, the low would be 10,and the average would be 14. Tables 6A and 6B also present the range of distance anddirection at which the maximum values occur, since the maximum concentrations couldoccur at different receptors, depending on the corresponding meteorological conditionsthat produced each maximum. It should be noted again that facility emissions werelimited to each facility’s hours of operation (Table 1) and modeling was limited todistances greater than 32 meters from the centroid of each source.

Discrete Receptor Results (Nearest Residence/Business Off-Site Receptor

The locations of the nearest business receptor (NBR), nearest residential receptor(NRR), maximum exposed individual worker (MEIW), and maximum exposed individualresident (MEIR) were determined by your staff. Concentrations at these locations weremodeled separately as discrete receptors (i.e., stand-alone points on a map). If thedistance from the source centroid to the discrete NBR, NRR, MEIW, or MEIR receptor


was determined to be closer than 32 meters, the concentration at 32 meters in theequivalent direction is reported in lieu of the concentration estimated at the discretebusiness or residential receptor. This was done to stay consistent with the 32-meter,minimum-modeled distance implemented for the receptor network modeling of specificfacilities (covered in the previous section). In order to produce these supplemental datapoints, concentrations were calculated for a polar network of receptors. This polarnetwork consists of 60 receptors where each receptor is spaced 6 degrees apart andlocated 32 meters from the source centroid.

Your staff determined the locations of the NBR and NRR during site visits. Thesereceptors represent the nearest business and residence to each of the facilities. Ateach receptor, a maximum hourly concentration and a maximum annual concentrationwas calculated using each of the one to six years of meteorological data associated witheach specific facility (Table 4). The high, low, and average of these one to six valuesfor the NBR and NRR are provided in Tables 7A and 7B.

The locations of potential MEIW and MEIR receptors were determined by your staffusing modeling results for the gridded receptor networks, described in the previoussection and identified in Table 2. To estimate the location of potential MEIW and MEIRreceptors, your staff utilized plots of modeled concentrations overlaid onto street mapsas well as sketches of the residences and businesses in the region surrounding eachfacility. The sketches were made during site visits. Concentrations at all of the potentialMEIW and MEIR locations were modeled as discrete receptors. The business receptorhaving the highest modeled concentration among all of the identified business receptorsdelineates it as the maximum exposed individual worker (MEIW). Similarly, theresidential receptor having the highest modeled concentration among all of the identifiedresidential receptors delineates that receptor as the maximum exposed individualresident (MEIR). Tables 7C and 7D present the facility-specific annual and hourlyconcentrations, respectively, at the MEIW and MEIR.

Regional Population Impact Results for Specific Facilities

Assessing the impact of source-specific emissions on the population surrounding asource consists of analyzing model-estimated concentrations that have been spatiallypaired to population estimates. In order to perform this type of analysis, concentrationdata and population data must be processed to represent the same grid-cell in agridded network of areas surrounding a facility in one of the following four ways:

1. No processing is required if both forms of data have the same spatial resolution andthe existing resolution is sufficient for analyses;


2. Concentration data may be processed to match the spatial resolution of thepopulation data;

3. Population data may be processed to match the spatial resolution of theconcentration data; or

4. Both the concentration data and population data are processed to another, thirdspatial resolution.

In this analysis, processing option number four was used. Population data from theCalifornia Department of Finance (CDF) was used. Specifically, the utilized CDF data iscensus tract population data for 1990, projected to 1997 using CDF growth factors.Based on previous analyses, the population data were spatially re-allocated fromrepresenting census tract populations surrounding each of the facilities to representingpopulations in 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer areas (square grid-cells) surrounding eachfacility. In processing the population data, the centroid of each grid-cell was assigned tobe coincident with a coarse network modeling receptor (Table 2).

Perc, MeCl, and TCE unit concentration data from the modeling analyses wereprocessed to match the 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer grid-cell resolution of the populationdata. The average of the modeled concentrations for receptors spaced 100 metersapart (Table 2) was used as a representative concentration for each of the nine central1-kilometer by 1-kilometer grid cells surrounding a facility. Otherwise, the modeledconcentrations for receptors spaced 1-kilometer apart were used (Table 2). The reasonfor using an average concentration is that the modeling analyses presented in theprevious section shows that high concentration gradients occur within 100 meters froma facility and, lower, more uniform concentrations are expected to occur at distancesbeyond 100 meters. A potential drawback to averaging concentrations in the central,grid-cell that contains the AMR facility is that it could underestimate near-sourcepopulation exposure. That is, all of the 100-meter-spaced receptor concentrations inthis grid cell have the same weight in determining the average 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer grid cell concentration. Because there are more receptors beyond 100 metersthan inside of 100 meters, the average of all of the receptor concentrations in this gridcell is significantly lower than modeled concentrations within 100 meters from thefacility. As a result, the average concentrations within the center 1-kilometer by 1-kilometer grid cell underestimates exposure to Perc, MeCl, or TCE for the populationthat might be located coincident with high concentration gradients (i.e., generallylocated within 100 meters from an AMR facility). To account for this, the maximum-modeled concentration should be considered as an upper bound of exposure within thecentral grid cell.


After concentration and population data are processed to represent grid-cell areas in thesame grid system, concentration thresholds are used to stratify the matchedpopulation/km2 and concentration (ug/m3) data values. Tables 8A through 8M presentthe cumulative population exposure for the 31-kilometer by 31-kilometer areasurrounding each specific facility. These tables show the number of people estimatedto be exposed to a specific annual concentration up to the maximum concentrationprovided in Tables 6 and 7, exclusively from each facility and based on a unit emissionrate. For example, Table 8A represents cumulative population exposure for facility A-07, which was modeled using Oakland meteorological data (see Table 4). Table 8Ashows that unit emissions from facility A-07 that are under the influence of Oakland1960 meteorological conditions cause up to 132,661 people to be exposed to Perc,MeCl, and TCE concentrations that can range between 0.09 and 113.00 microgramsper cubic meter. The maximum concentration is considered to account for the effects ofaveraging 100-meter-spaced receptor concentrations over areas expected toexperience a high concentration gradient (this is discussed in the paragraph above).Each table provides an average for the multiple years of data in the last column.

Modeling Results for Generic Facilities

Descriptions of generic facilities are found in Table 1B and in Table 3. Tables 9A and9B summarize the generic facility modeling results. Appendix A contains more detailedtables of the maximum concentration per indicated distance for each defaultmeteorological condition and specific facility meteorological site. Summary statistics ofmaximum values per distance (average, high, and low) are tabulated in the last threecolumns of Appendix A tables, where the summary values used in Tables 9A and 9Bare indicated with boxed borders.

Each generic facility was modeled using meteorological data for all 10 sites that wereused in specific facility modeling (Table 4). For modeling with these 45 meteorologicaldata sets, a 360-degree polar receptor grid is utilized where angular distances of 6degrees separate each radial. Each radial has receptors located between 20 metersand 1000 meters from the source centroid.

As indicated in the first three columns in each of the tables in Appendix A, each tablecontains hourly or annual modeling results for one of the generic facilities at specifieddistances. All distances are from the facility center, except for default meteorology(DFLT_00, DFLT_45, and DFLT_90), which is discussed in the paragraph below. Eachrecord, or line, in each of the tables in Appendix A presents a single hourly or annualconcentration for each of the ten meteorological data sets (BUR, CND, FAT, LAX, MCC,MHR, OAK, RED, SAC, and STN071) estimated to occur at the specified distance fromthe facility centroid. In the last three columns of each line the high, low, and average of


these ten values is provided. For example, one model run was made for facility G-03per year of Oakland (OAK) meteorological data (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1964).Each of these five model runs resulted in one hourly maximum and one annualmaximum concentration per distance from the source centroid. Among the fivemaximum hourly concentrations modeled for facility G-03 using the five different yearsof Oakland meteorological data, the overall maximum hourly value is 1716 ug/m3 andoccurs 20 meters from the center of the facility using 1964 OAK data. Similarly themaximum annual value is 47 ug/m3, which occurs 30 meters from the center of thefacility using 1962 OAK data. These two concentration values are underlined in theAppendix A tables (without a reference to the associated year of meteorological data).This same process was performed for the remaining 9 meteorological sites, resulting in10 overall maximum hourly and 10 overall maximum annual values per generic facilityand per distance. Tables 9A and 9B provide the ‘high’, ‘low’, and ‘average’ of the 10overall maximum hourly (i.e., any distance) and 10 overall maximum annual values foreach generic facility. These values are found boxed in the Appendix tables as well.Because generic facility modeling included concentration estimates down to 20 metersfrom the facility centroid, it should be noted that none of the maximum concentrationsfor any facility, distance, or met year were found to fall within the building footprint.

In applying the 45 meteorological data sets to the generic facilities, each generic facilitywas oriented with the building length along the East-West direction (i.e., x-axis). Thus,concentrations could be higher in situations where the length of the building, asmodeled, is not oriented parallel with the prevailing wind direction for eachmeteorological data set. This is the orientation known to result in maximumconcentrations. To gain some understanding as to the variability that might occur frombuilding orientation effects, default meteorological conditions were applied to thegeneric facilities using three building length orientations: parallel to the wind direction(DFLT_00); 45 degrees to the wind (DFLT_45); and perpendicular to the wind direction(DFLT_90). Maximum concentrations were found to vary by ten percent for facility G-01, fifteen percent for facility G-02, and forty percent for facility G-03. The range invariability is dependent upon the facility dimensions.

In closing, it should be noted that all concentrations presented in this memo areconcentration estimates above background concentrations. Also, the presentedanalyses give no consideration to background Perc, MeCl, and TCE concentrations oroverlapping plumes of these substances from multiple nearby sources simultaneouslyutilizing Perc, MeCl, and TCE-based products. The overlapping plume case is plausiblewith specific facilities A-7 and A-8, for example.

Enclosures

TABLES

TABLE 1. Description of Automotive Maintenance and Repair Facilities.

A. Facility Locations.ID General Location UTM Zone UTM East

(m)UTM North(m)

A-07 Oakland 10 565380 4186595A-08 Oakland 10 565363 4186618A-09 Berkeley 10 562308 4191508A-28 Sacramento 10 636751 4276869A-52 Marina Del Rey 11 366347 3761855A-83 Redding 10 553940 4491121A-86 Fresno 10 786709 4079569A-92 Fresno 10 788131 4075093I Sacramento 10 636216 4268553O Walnut Creek 10 582393 4197375P Sacramento 10 642904 4267713T Glendale 11 384374 3776603U Garden Grove 11 414841 3736229

B. Dimensions and Operating Parameters.

ID L (m) W (m) H (m)NumberofHrs/Wk

HoursOfOperation

DaysofOperation

A-07 30.5 10.7 4.6 58 8.0a- 6.0p8.0a- 4.0p

M-FSat

A-08 22.9 9.1 4.6 59 8.0a- 6.0p8.0a- 5.0p

M-FSat

A-09 21.3 13.7 7.6 59 8.0a- 6.0p8.0a- 5.0p

M-FSat

A-28 15.2 15.2 9.1 122.5 5.0a-10.5p M-SunA-52 15.2 7.6 4.6 51 8.0a- 5.0p

8.0a- 2.0pM-FSat

A-83 24.4 9.1 6.1 53 8.0a- 5.0p8.0a- 4.0p

M-FSat

A-86 53.3 33.5 10.0 60 7.0a- 6.0p9.0a- 2.0p

M-FSat

A-92 15.2 7.6 5.2 47 7.5a- 4.0p7.5a-12.0p

M-FSat

I 62.8 22.3 9.5 92.5 6.5a- 1.0a M-FO 18.3 15.2 6.1 45 9.0a- 6.0p M-FP 18.3 10.7 6.1 60 8.0a- 6.0p M-SatT 21.3 9.1 6.1 56.5 8.0a- 5.5p

8.0a- 5.0pM-FSat

U 18.3 9.1 6.1 60 8.0a- 6.0p M-SatG-01* 12.2 7.6 4.9 57 8.0a- 6.0p

8.0a- 3.0pM-FSat

G-02* 21.3 13.7 7.6 57 8.0a- 6.0p8.0a- 3.0p

M-FSat

G-03* 62.5 21.3 7.6 57 8.0a- 6.0p8.0a- 3.0p

M-FSat

* G-01, G-02, and G-03 are ‘generic’ facilities

TABLE 2. ISCST3 Receptor Networks Used for Non-Discrete Receptor ModelingFacilityType

Grid Name(Type) Cell Size Number of Receptors Location

Specific COARSE(Cartesian)

1000m X 1000m 31 X 31 = 961 Centered onSourceCentroid

Specific FINE(Cartesian)


Specific VFINE(Cartesian)


Generic POLARa

(Polar)Variable.Depends ondistance fromsource.

(360/6) X 36 = 2160 Centered onSourceCentroid

The polar network consists of 60 radials, spaced 6 degrees apart, having receptors at thefollowing 36 distances (meters): 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200,250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000,8000, 9000, 10000, and 23000.

TABLE 3. ISCST3 Volume Source Input Parameters.Facility ParametersMEASURED(Entire Facility)

Facility ParametersUSED IN MODELING(Per volume source)

Dispersion ParametersUSED IN MODELING(Per volume source)

IDa L (m)

W(m)

H(m)

HrsPerWk

# ofL X LVolumes

L (m)

H(m)

HrsPerWk

Sigma-Y

Sigma-Z

ReleaseHeightb

(m)A-07 30.5 10.7 4.6 58 3 10.0 4.6 70 4.7 2.1 2.3A-08 22.9 9.1 4.6 59 3 8.4 4.6 70 3.9 2.1 2.3A-09 21.3 13.7 7.6 59 2 12.2 7.6 70 5.7 3.5 3.8A-28 15.2 15.2 9.1 122.5 1 15.2 9.1 122.5 3.5 4.3 4.5A-52 15.2 7.6 4.6 51 2 7.6 4.6 63 3.5 2.1 2.3A-83 24.4 9.1 6.1 53 3 9.1 6.1 63 4.3 2.8 3.0A-86 53.3 33.5 10.0 60 2 30.0 10.0 77 14.0 4.7 5.0A-92 15.2 7.6 5.2 47 2 7.6 5.2 63 3.5 2.4 2.6I 62.8 22.3 9.5 92.5 3 21.3 9.5 133 9.9 4.4 4.7O 18.3 15.2 6.1 45 1 15.2 6.1 63 3.7 2.8 3.0P 18.3 10.7 6.1 60 2 9.8 6.1 70 4.5 2.8 3.0T 21.3 9.1 6.1 56.5 2 9.1 6.1 70 4.2 2.8 3.0U 18.3 9.1 6.1 60 2 9.1 6.1 70 4.3 2.8 3.0G-01a 12.2 7.6 4.9 57 2 7.0 4.9 70 3.3 2.3 2.5G-02a 21.3 13.7 7.6 57 2 13.0 7.6 70 6.1 3.5 3.8G-03a 62.5 21.3 7.6 57 3 20.0 7.6 70 9.3 3.5 3.8

G-01, G-02, and G-03 are ‘generic’ facilitiesRelease height used in modeling is set to half of the building height.

TABLE 4. Meteorological Data Used for Refined Modeling (ISCST3).

Specific Facility ID(13 Facilities)

MeteorologicalSite Name(10 Sites)

MeteorologicalSiteAbbreviation

Number of Yearsof Met Data(45 Total)

Meteorological DataCalendar Years Used

A-07, A-08, A09 Oakland OAK 5 ‘60-‘64A-28 McClellan

AFBMCC 5 ‘53-‘57

A-52 LAX LAX 5 ‘85-‘89A-83 Redding RED 3 ‘87-‘89A-86, A-92 Fresno FAT 5 ‘85-‘89I Sac Exec. SAC 5 ‘87, ‘89-‘92O Concord CND 6 ‘91-‘96P Mather AFB MHR 5 ‘53-‘57T Burbank BUR 5 ‘58-‘62U Anaheim STN07161 1 ‘81

TABLE 5. Adjustment Factors for Annual Average Concentrations.

ID

SpecificHoursPer Week

ModeledHoursPerWeek

AnnualModeledConcentrationAdjustmentFactor

A-07 58 70 0.829A-08 59 70 0.843A-09 59 70 0.843A-28 122.5 122.5 1.000A-52 51 63 0.810A-83 53 63 0.841A-86 60 77 0.779A-92 47 63 0.746I 92.5 133 0.695O 45 63 0.714P 60 70 0.857T 56.5 70 0.807U 60 70 0.857G-01a 57 70 0.814G-02a 57 70 0.814G-03a 57 70 0.814

a. G-01, G-02, and G-03 are ‘generic’ facilities

TABLE 6. Specific Facility Impacts on Grid-Based Receptors Per 1 g/s Emission Rate.

A. Maximum ANNUAL Perc, MeCl, and TCE Concentrations (ug/m3).Fac-ilityID

Site and Years of Met. DataOne max. annual concentrationgenerated per year of met data.

DirectionRangea

(deg.)

DistanceRange(m)

Highb

Max.Conc.

Lowb

Max.Conc.

Avg.b

Max.Conc.

A-07 Oakland ‘60-‘64 108-108 32-32 120 107 113A-08 Oakland ‘60-‘64 108-108 32-32 155 140 147A-09 Oakland ‘60-‘64 108-108 32-32 124 110 118A-28 McClellan AFB ‘53-‘57 342-342 32-32 322 209 261A-52 LAX ‘85-‘89 72-108 32-32 104 92 100A-83 Redding ‘87-‘89 162-162 32-32 100 91 95A-86 Fresno ‘85-‘89 101-135 42-51 40 34 37A-92 Fresno ‘85-‘89 108-108 32-32 102 80 88I Sac Exec. ‘87, ‘89-‘92 349- 11 51-51 83 74 79O Concord ‘91-‘96 162-162 32-32 97 82 89P Mather AFB ‘53-‘57 342- 72 32-32 105 78 91T Burbank ‘58-‘62 288-342 32-32 217 108 152U Anaheim ‘81 72-72 32-32 337 337 337

Direction is measured clockwise, from North.For each facility, one maximum concentration and associated location was determined per year of meteorologicaldata used for modeling (during hours of operation). For example, facility A-7 has five years of Oaklandmeteorological data (Table 4; 1960,1961,1962,1963, and 1964). Thus, five maximum annual estimates at fivelocations resulted for facility A-7. The tabulated high, low, and average concentrations are the high, low, andaverage statistics based on these concentrations. Therefor, if the concentrations were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, then the lowwould be 1, the average would be 3 and the high would be 5 (ug/m3). The distance and direction ranges indicate thevariability in location for the estimated maximum concentrations.

B. Maximum HOURLY Perc, MeCl, and TCE Concentrations (ug/m3).Fac-ilityID

Site and Years of Met. DataOne maximum hourlyconcentration is calculated peryear of met data.

DirectionRangea

(deg.)

DistanceRange(m)

Highb

Max.Conc.

Lowb

Max.Conc.

Avg.b

Max.Conc.

A-07 Oakland ‘60-‘64 198- 33 32-42 5027 3799 4614A-08 Oakland ‘60-‘64 252-288 32-32 5597 4269 5067A-09 Oakland ‘60-‘64 252-108 32-32 3442 2703 3062A-28 McClellan AFB ‘53-‘57 288- 18 32-42 5370 3977 5034A-52 LAX ‘85-‘89 315-342 32-42 5096 4208 4600A-83 Redding ‘87-‘89 162-198 32-32 6364 4241 5316A-86 Fresno ‘85-‘89 101-301 51-58 1594 1077 1403A-92 Fresno ‘85-‘89 135-315 32-42 5990 4383 5015I Sac Exec. ‘87, ‘89-‘92 135-348 42-51 2231 1489 1995O Concord ‘91-‘96 342-108 32-32 7335 7323 7329P Mather AFB ‘53-‘57 252- 72 32-32 3289 2548 2952T Burbank ‘58-‘62 288-108 32-32 5841 5835 5837U Anaheim ‘81 108-108 32-32 5554 5554 5554

a, b. See Table 6A footnote, above. The same method was used here, but for hourly data.

TABLE 7. Facility Impacts on Business/ Residence Receptors (1 g/s Emission Rate).

A. NEAREST Business/Residential Receptor Maximum ANNUAL Concentrations (ug/m3).

Type ID X (m) Y (m)Distancea

(m)Directionb

(deg.) HIGHc LOWc AVGc

A-07 -5 20 32 * 348 47 33 41A-08 10 -10 32 * 132 114 87 98A-09 0 10 32 * 0 36 27 32A-28 -80 -90 120 222 4 2 3A-52 -30 -10 32 252 31 24 29A-83 -30 0 32 * 270 23 23 23A-86 60 -160 171 159 4 3 3A-92 -30 10 32 288 78 70 73I 30 90 95 18 33 27 30O 0 -26 32 * 180 89 76 82P 0 -31 32 * 180 51 27 38T 0 -30 32 * 180 20 13 17

Bus.

(NBR)

U 91 0 91 90 22 22 22A-07 10 0 32 * 90 124 107 115A-08 -40 10 41 284 15 7 12A-09 30 0 32 * 90 145 126 134A-28 -90 -10 91 264 6 2 4A-52 -35 30 46 311 32 26 28A-83 0 -35 35 180 78 72 75A-86 250 250 354 45 1 0 1A-92 -50 -50 71 225 6 5 5I -130 70 148 298 6 5 6O -100 0 100 270 2 1 1P -35 0 35 270 10 5 7T 0 6 32 * 0 190 96 135

Res.

(NRR)

U 0 6 32 * 0 139 139 139

NOTES:The symbol "*" indicates the receptor is closer than 32 meters from the source centroid. In this case, theconcentration is replaced with modeling results for the estimated concentration at 32 meters in the equivalentdirection from the source (i.e., +/- 3 degrees).Direction is measured clockwise, from North.For each facility and receptor, one maximum concentration was modeled per year of meteorological data indicatedin Table 4 (during hours of operation). For example, facility A-7 has five years of Oakland meteorological data(1960,1961,1962,1963, and 1964). Thus, five maximum estimates were made for each A-7 receptor. The tabulatedhigh, low, and average concentrations are the high, low, and average statistics based on these concentrations.Therefor, if the concentrations were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, then the low would be 1, the average would be 3 and the highwould be 5 (ug/m3).

TABLE 7 (continued).

B. NEAREST Business/Residential Receptor Maximum HOURLY Concentrations (ug/m3).


(m)Directionb


A-07 -5 20 32 * 348 3818 2724 3021A-08 10 -10 32 * 132 5430 3356 4485A-09 0 10 32 * 0 2333 1752 1937A-28 -80 -90 120 222 1404 733 976A-52 -30 -10 32 252 2496 1914 2311A-83 -30 0 32 * 270 2966 2095 2654A-86 60 -160 171 159 439 253 345A-92 -30 10 32 288 5903 4006 4467I 30 90 95 18 960 721 771O 0 -26 32 * 180 7258 6540 7085P 0 -31 32 * 180 2261 1462 1862T 0 -30 32 * 180 3148 2948 3059

Bus.

(NBR)

U 91 0 91 90 2399 2399 2399A-07 10 0 32 * 90 3399 2200 2615A-08 -40 10 41 284 4340 1836 3605A-09 30 0 32 * 90 3437 2318 2712A-28 -90 -10 91 264 1351 1202 1302A-52 -35 30 46 311 4098 3073 3720A-83 0 -35 35 180 3972 3742 3865A-86 250 250 354 45 155 60 121A-92 -50 -50 71 225 1265 1263 1264I -130 70 148 298 746 503 592O -100 0 100 270 2139 1344 1906P -35 0 35 270 2652 2360 2537T 0 6 32 * 0 3148 3026 3112

Res.

(NRR)

U 0 6 32 * 0 3107 3107 3107



C. MAXIMUM Exposed Resident and Off-Site Worker ANNUAL Concentrations (ug/m3).


(m)Directionb


A-07 50 10 51 79 51 41 47A-08 30 30 42 45 32 29 30A-09 -10 30 32 342 30 20 27A-28 0 130 130 0 43 23 32A-52 30 -10 32 108 104 81 96A-83 -10 30 32 342 73 72 72A-86 -160 50 168 287 4 4 4A-92 -30 10 32 288 78 70 73I 30 90 95 18 33 27 30O 0 -20 32 * 180 89 76 82P 0 30 32 * 0 90 50 70T 0 30 32 * 0 190 96 135

Bus.

(MEIW)

U -10 30 32 342 124 124 124A-07 30 -10 32 108 124 111 117A-08 0 30 32 * 0 45 38 40A-09 30 -10 32 108 126 112 120A-28 10 -90 91 174 28 17 20A-52 -40 30 50 307 28 23 25A-83 10 -50 51 169 49 45 46A-86 150 -50 158 108 7 6 6A-92 -50 -30 58 239 11 8 9I 70 140 157 27 14 12 13O -100 0 100 270 2 1 1P -30 -30 42 225 14 5 8T 30 110 114 15 26 13 19

Res.

(MEIR)

U 30 10 32 72 337 337 337



D. MAXIMUM Exposed Resident and Off-Site Worker HOURLY Concentrations (ug/m3).


(m)Directionb


A-07 50 10 51 79 1964 1502 1674A-08 30 30 42 45 3176 1780 2203A-09 -10 30 32 342 2506 1797 2118A-28 0 130 130 0 1229 822 1002A-52 30 -10 32 108 2809 2079 2373A-83 -10 30 32 342 3550 2837 3142A-86 -160 50 168 287 597 389 436A-92 -30 10 32 288 5903 4006 4467I 30 90 95 18 960 721 771O 0 -20 32 * 180 7258 6540 7085P 0 30 32 * 0 2180 1630 1950T 0 30 32 * 0 3148 3026 3112

Bus.

(MEIW)

U -10 30 32 342 3453 3453 3453A-07 30 -10 32 108 3196 2331 2732A-08 0 30 32 * 0 3076 2639 2911A-09 30 -10 32 108 3089 2335 2609A-28 10 -90 91 174 2019 1320 1606A-52 -40 30 50 307 3630 2525 3283A-83 10 -50 51 169 3739 2467 3016A-86 150 -50 158 108 425 407 418A-92 -50 -30 58 239 1808 1514 1604I 70 140 157 27 665 417 483O -100 0 100 270 2139 1344 1906P -30 -30 42 225 2537 1689 2009T 30 110 114 15 1166 994 1124

Res.

(MEIR)

U 30 10 32 72 4600 4600 4600


TABLE 8. Specific Facility ANNUAL Population Exposure Estimates.

A. Facility A-07ug/m3


0.000 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824 1,300,824

0.001 593,781 610,692 638,801 610,352 618,981 614,521

0.003 377,141 385,071 401,672 391,357 423,603 395,769

0.004 268,996 281,562 283,035 268,881 312,438 282,982

0.006 192,742 203,315 220,437 216,063 234,450 213,401

0.007 176,510 174,360 181,645 165,209 194,184 178,382

0.009 132,661 143,847 149,503 143,106 142,784 142,380

0.010 112,796 115,642 119,774 119,184 131,794 119,838

0.011 103,975 106,927 105,949 105,949 119,588 108,478

0.013 95,571 90,808 99,529 100,217 95,886 96,402

0.014 87,623 86,550 91,753 78,587 87,623 86,427

0.016 80,258 69,719 87,623 70,114 79,699 77,483

0.017 59,443 61,804 61,804 66,517 67,676 63,449

0.020 56,185 58,546 54,494 63,259 55,002 57,497

0.024 52,133 52,133 52,133 56,185 44,033 51,323

0.031 38,289 42,785 38,289 42,785 38,289 40,087

0.041 29,615 33,907 33,907 33,907 29,615 32,190

0.047 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101 25,101

0.054 12,008 12,008 20,702 16,407 20,702 16,365

0.163 4,302 4,302 12,008 4,302 4,302 5,843

B. Facility A-08ug/m3


0.000 1,298,421 1,298,421 1,298,421 1,298,421 1,298,421 1,298,421

0.002 590,998 609,064 642,256 600,990 614,831 611,628

0.003 372,900 377,214 399,569 385,651 420,565 391,180

0.005 261,893 274,300 275,762 261,797 307,484 276,247

0.007 184,887 194,806 212,897 209,257 228,425 206,054

0.008 169,370 166,343 174,693 159,288 187,052 171,349

0.010 126,558 138,071 142,244 138,443 136,695 136,402

0.012 108,318 110,608 115,203 114,991 125,842 114,992

0.013 99,571 102,518 101,459 101,459 114,377 103,877

0.015 91,942 87,863 95,049 96,524 92,286 92,733

0.017 84,017 84,323 87,735 76,691 84,017 83,357

0.019 77,735 68,209 84,017 68,395 76,686 75,008

0.022 58,222 60,385 60,385 65,271 65,342 61,921

0.027 55,503 57,666 53,927 62,552 53,285 56,587

0.030 51,764 51,764 51,764 55,503 43,504 50,860

0.039 38,296 43,057 38,296 43,057 38,296 40,200

0.051 29,753 33,482 33,482 33,482 29,753 31,990

0.059 25,126 25,126 25,126 25,126 25,126 25,126

0.069 11,295 11,295 20,723 15,698 20,723 15,947

0.194 4,211 4,211 11,295 4,211 4,211 5,628

Table 8 (continued)C. Facility A-09ug/m3


0.000 1,312,711 1,312,711 1,312,711 1,312,711 1,312,711 1,312,711

0.002 461,066 490,388 553,210 496,290 538,802 507,951

0.003 238,173 254,190 260,944 250,042 284,618 257,593

0.005 180,277 185,757 184,326 176,966 204,019 186,269

0.007 141,163 139,784 149,326 149,895 154,487 146,931

0.008 129,661 123,896 131,211 119,883 136,115 128,153

0.010 100,604 107,792 108,405 106,942 108,725 106,494

0.012 88,336 92,591 97,057 94,838 103,117 95,188

0.013 81,759 87,248 87,159 87,159 91,990 87,063

0.015 74,224 78,410 84,116 82,351 74,512 78,723

0.017 70,551 68,201 81,316 55,115 70,551 69,147

0.019 64,602 53,233 66,237 55,034 59,604 59,742

0.022 40,825 45,646 45,646 48,401 52,148 46,533

0.025 36,270 41,091 40,945 41,091 41,992 40,278

0.030 36,043 36,124 36,124 36,270 29,165 34,745

0.039 24,938 25,019 24,938 24,938 24,938 24,954

0.051 18,565 24,038 24,038 24,038 18,565 21,849

0.061 12,930 8,709 12,930 8,709 12,930 11,242

0.067 7,013 7,013 11,234 8,709 11,234 9,041

0.743 2,155 2,155 2,155 2,155 2,155 2,155

D. Facility A-28ug/m3

>=MCC53 MCC54 MCC55 MCC56 MCC57 AVG

0.000 853,095 853,095 853,095 853,095 853,095 853,095

0.005 336,956 244,734 258,971 261,167 304,476 281,261

0.010 152,153 130,058 111,712 118,223 153,537 133,137

0.015 101,215 91,732 74,343 85,137 103,752 91,236

0.020 74,472 72,513 60,757 60,643 80,683 69,814

0.025 56,940 60,365 48,257 51,498 60,060 55,424

0.030 51,002 52,680 44,621 43,235 55,228 49,353

0.035 46,583 46,926 38,132 37,554 47,649 43,369

0.040 42,005 42,711 33,432 35,676 44,600 39,685

0.045 33,304 39,721 30,784 30,490 36,312 34,122

0.050 29,854 36,606 29,768 27,816 32,714 31,352

0.055 28,045 30,502 26,357 25,693 29,550 28,029

0.065 27,308 24,391 21,311 20,938 26,277 24,045

0.075 26,644 24,059 16,667 19,865 23,407 22,128

0.090 18,016 19,815 14,885 13,206 21,023 17,389

0.115 15,591 13,124 9,246 11,339 13,018 12,464

0.190 9,246 9,990 7,821 6,655 9,246 8,592

0.245 6,053 7,478 4,887 4,887 7,821 6,225

0.300 3,520 6,053 3,520 3,520 6,655 4,654

0.890 2,246 3,520 2,246 2,246 2,246 2,501

Table 8 (continued)E. Facility A-52ug/m3

>=LAX85 LAX86 LAX87 LAX88 LAX89 AVG

0.000 1,911,577 1,911,577 1,911,577 1,911,577 1,911,577 1,911,577

0.002 1,130,443 1,228,549 1,037,868 1,014,739 1,036,357 1,089,591

0.003 854,499 937,504 765,428 738,152 725,801 804,277

0.005 652,146 743,174 599,519 569,739 579,928 628,901

0.007 532,602 568,336 432,623 437,277 458,270 485,822

0.008 424,140 392,907 319,160 324,663 367,086 365,591

0.010 345,824 261,121 208,983 234,383 283,070 266,676

0.012 267,884 189,198 148,624 166,623 205,039 195,474

0.013 190,073 135,967 115,113 113,764 146,519 140,287

0.015 148,053 119,347 94,304 98,527 118,533 115,753

0.017 128,942 99,260 87,609 92,729 95,507 100,809

0.019 97,016 89,290 73,257 76,942 86,713 84,644

0.022 82,073 74,752 68,307 66,778 72,393 72,861

0.025 73,257 63,594 58,959 64,584 65,565 65,192

0.027 70,515 61,003 47,844 51,106 60,778 58,249

0.030 56,104 46,885 43,994 43,994 47,038 47,603

0.035 37,278 43,035 34,180 33,428 39,926 37,569

0.040 33,428 35,507 27,682 27,682 27,682 30,396

0.050 27,682 18,396 24,941 24,941 24,941 24,180

0.074 13,494 16,516 13,494 13,494 13,494 14,098

0.084 11,614 10,461 5,559 5,559 7,439 8,126

0.178 5,559 2,912 2,912 2,912 5,559 3,971

F. Facility A-83ug/m3

>=RED87 RED88 RED89 AVG

0.000 112,941 112,941 112,941 112,941

0.002 89,292 89,242 89,142 89,225

0.003 52,432 52,712 52,779 52,641

0.005 37,020 37,554 37,304 37,293

0.006 30,812 30,816 29,777 30,468

0.008 26,178 24,850 26,095 25,708

0.010 21,145 20,579 22,341 21,355

0.011 19,024 16,358 15,791 17,058

0.013 14,959 14,732 13,303 14,331

0.015 12,290 13,610 11,994 12,631

0.018 11,095 11,483 11,095 11,224

0.019 10,441 10,584 10,584 10,536

0.021 9,238 9,930 9,930 9,699

0.024 8,627 9,238 8,627 8,831

0.031 7,773 7,773 7,773 7,773

0.034 6,208 6,971 7,010 6,730

0.037 5,514 5,636 6,369 5,840

0.041 4,873 4,873 4,873 4,873

0.044 4,148 3,041 2,869 3,353

0.099 2,144 2,144 2,144 2,144

0.126 1,460 1,460 1,460 1,460

0.784 732 732 732 732

Table 8 (continued)G. Facility A-86ug/m3

>=FAT85 FAT86 FAT87 FAT88 FAT89 AVG

0.000 477,274 477,274 477,274 477,274 477,274 477,274

0.002 337,850 357,191 365,419 345,969 360,539 353,394

0.005 189,459 195,914 190,852 193,009 198,355 193,518

0.007 122,495 115,982 113,292 127,364 125,293 120,885

0.009 88,155 90,536 89,186 94,273 93,712 91,172

0.012 69,045 65,932 69,097 71,003 67,033 68,422

0.014 61,387 56,575 51,317 57,462 57,647 56,878

0.016 50,274 42,812 43,953 52,206 51,786 48,206

0.019 42,477 36,961 40,079 45,061 42,363 41,388

0.021 36,262 34,734 32,810 38,542 34,233 35,316

0.023 32,264 32,120 30,583 34,166 30,017 31,830

0.026 27,712 29,380 26,620 31,954 25,851 28,303

0.028 24,594 26,532 25,123 26,688 23,237 25,235

0.030 21,993 25,277 21,267 23,495 21,982 22,803

0.035 19,341 18,784 18,086 18,733 18,733 18,735

0.042 14,427 16,132 16,132 16,132 14,427 15,450

0.068 11,486 11,486 11,486 11,486 11,486 11,486

0.079 8,179 10,025 10,025 10,025 9,826 9,616

0.093 6,519 8,179 6,519 8,365 8,365 7,589

0.110 4,654 4,654 4,654 6,519 6,519 5,400

0.150 3,334 1,473 1,473 1,473 1,473 1,845

H. Facility A-92ug/m3

>=FAT85 FAT86 FAT87 FAT88 FAT89 AVG

0.000 480,503 480,503 480,503 480,503 480,503 480,503

0.001 440,557 449,563 444,538 441,142 419,626 439,085

0.003 303,217 322,739 314,524 320,171 298,091 311,748

0.004 215,408 229,536 226,347 243,631 220,907 227,166

0.006 161,621 166,135 164,117 185,768 171,039 169,736

0.007 128,853 126,454 123,923 138,497 121,661 127,878

0.009 104,696 96,909 97,175 97,329 96,405 98,503

0.010 87,407 82,324 74,577 82,633 85,664 82,521

0.012 65,065 62,702 60,778 68,515 74,858 66,384

0.015 51,490 50,656 50,265 57,420 51,468 52,260

0.016 47,845 48,257 46,086 49,518 45,757 47,493

0.018 43,470 44,243 44,612 46,086 43,217 44,326

0.021 28,911 36,404 30,128 34,940 36,658 33,408

0.024 26,364 28,911 26,379 29,584 29,125 28,073

0.028 23,685 21,598 24,277 25,835 23,156 23,710

0.036 19,513 18,656 18,656 18,656 18,656 18,827

0.046 16,571 16,571 16,571 16,571 16,571 16,571

0.061 14,070 14,070 14,070 14,070 14,070 14,070

0.073 7,238 9,135 9,135 11,103 12,173 9,757

0.109 4,648 2,566 2,566 2,566 4,648 3,399

Table 8 (continued)I. Facility Iug/m3

>=SAC87 SAC89 SAC90 SAC91 SAC92 AVG

0.000 835,067 835,067 835,067 835,067 835,067 835,067

0.003 616,863 583,043 595,798 660,226 593,897 609,965

0.007 407,925 392,503 382,010 389,060 337,401 381,780

0.010 255,630 260,975 259,979 264,887 243,465 256,987

0.014 190,772 189,272 188,723 195,665 162,879 185,462

0.017 147,049 148,575 140,133 145,184 128,760 141,940

0.021 111,221 114,656 107,673 104,389 93,765 106,341

0.024 92,233 95,042 90,766 91,046 79,814 89,780

0.028 80,336 86,746 74,401 73,027 64,357 75,773

0.031 70,194 67,152 61,781 66,766 58,729 64,924

0.035 61,109 53,007 54,003 59,492 46,362 54,795

0.042 48,541 43,005 45,882 45,436 42,865 45,146

0.049 38,818 38,765 39,701 32,807 34,241 36,866

0.052 36,030 37,839 34,785 31,187 33,037 34,576

0.056 35,420 36,030 30,311 28,527 30,377 32,133

0.063 26,718 30,316 25,514 25,514 24,090 26,430

0.076 24,090 24,090 22,656 20,641 20,641 22,424

0.097 16,129 18,144 18,560 18,210 18,560 17,921

0.132 14,071 10,543 14,330 10,209 10,233 11,877

0.153 6,681 8,744 8,744 4,699 6,681 7,110

0.226 4,699 3,066 3,066 3,066 3,066 3,393

1.685 1,408 1,408 1,408 1,408 1,408 1,408

Table 8 (continued)J. Facility Oug/m3

>=CND91 CND92 CND93 CND94 CND95 CND96 AVG

0.000 603,481 603,481 603,481 603,481 603,481 603,481 603,481

0.002 508,112 540,788 554,104 544,946 548,281 455,248 525,247

0.004 365,435 383,659 433,291 398,513 378,358 372,090 388,558

0.006 292,785 310,334 320,173 320,625 299,405 297,826 306,858

0.009 228,054 235,912 258,210 250,769 231,755 241,739 241,073

0.011 188,290 202,250 215,623 209,214 195,479 195,075 200,989

0.013 149,185 165,981 174,375 176,230 163,935 157,113 164,470

0.015 122,756 132,596 141,095 142,698 135,401 124,679 133,204

0.017 102,917 108,755 116,198 124,379 115,768 108,810 112,805

0.019 81,179 89,284 96,943 110,316 99,212 91,766 94,783

0.021 72,324 79,092 79,257 91,625 78,914 74,137 79,225

0.024 59,163 65,619 65,330 72,069 71,828 64,869 66,480

0.026 49,965 53,890 61,623 62,927 56,756 52,949 56,352

0.028 46,466 48,922 45,717 57,013 48,922 46,521 48,927

0.030 44,601 37,355 44,323 49,977 44,618 44,200 44,179

0.032 37,397 34,965 40,283 41,412 38,565 33,361 37,664

0.034 31,722 33,778 37,662 36,192 31,403 30,051 33,468

0.039 24,115 27,615 31,369 31,689 28,782 23,657 27,871

0.043 20,369 17,453 23,501 23,659 19,845 22,015 21,140

0.054 15,428 15,379 17,453 17,453 17,453 15,428 16,432

0.064 13,354 11,717 11,717 15,428 13,354 13,354 13,154

0.084 7,553 7,553 9,644 9,626 7,483 7,553 8,235

0.099 5,410 5,410 7,553 5,410 5,410 5,410 5,767

0.122 3,468 3,468 3,468 5,410 3,468 3,468 3,792

0.827 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,930

K. Facility Pug/m3

>=MHR53 MHR54 MHR55 MHR56 MHR57 AVG

0.000 850,528 850,528 850,528 850,528 850,528 850,528

0.002 336,898 369,410 391,227 399,119 386,840 376,699

0.003 122,354 145,148 147,265 180,129 185,226 156,024

0.005 70,818 82,345 81,595 94,854 111,053 88,133

0.007 54,021 58,867 61,688 62,010 68,499 61,017

0.009 44,268 47,769 47,770 49,509 53,389 48,541

0.010 41,246 41,139 40,973 41,324 41,643 41,265

0.012 31,912 35,589 34,948 37,060 37,633 35,428

0.014 30,062 32,358 33,715 33,200 32,912 32,449

0.015 26,538 29,676 27,840 27,586 31,519 28,632

0.019 23,174 26,333 24,904 26,112 28,926 25,890

0.021 21,735 23,951 23,465 23,432 27,197 23,956

0.024 19,615 22,489 20,989 20,956 24,546 21,719

0.033 15,310 13,848 13,848 18,930 18,930 16,173

0.045 12,060 12,060 12,060 12,060 14,839 12,616

0.070 9,053 10,827 9,053 5,517 5,517 7,993

0.747 2,369 2,369 2,369 2,369 2,369 2,369

Table 8 (continued)L. Facility Tug/m3

>=BUR58 BUR59 BUR60 BUR61 BUR62 AVG

0.000 3,024,643 3,024,643 3,024,643 3,024,643 3,024,643 3,024,643

0.003 739,728 942,735 632,531 511,097 475,138 660,246

0.006 347,090 418,212 292,115 224,567 225,716 301,540

0.010 229,804 266,095 192,544 151,565 153,430 198,688

0.013 176,395 183,100 157,425 120,645 118,033 151,120

0.016 144,802 159,209 118,996 89,994 99,606 122,521

0.019 128,284 138,963 103,654 81,619 86,028 107,710

0.023 103,748 104,316 75,682 64,699 67,048 83,099

0.026 87,841 94,759 71,483 60,264 63,812 75,632

0.029 77,493 91,123 67,048 54,321 60,086 70,014

0.036 71,483 71,483 53,982 47,020 44,547 57,703

0.039 60,264 67,048 47,783 34,745 34,745 48,917

0.045 48,273 54,555 44,547 28,894 32,255 41,705

0.052 44,547 48,612 28,894 20,072 26,404 33,706

0.065 34,745 34,745 20,072 16,128 16,128 24,364

0.090 16,128 20,072 17,387 7,303 13,443 14,867

0.252 7,303 7,303 7,303 3,802 7,303 6,603

Table 8 (continued)

M. Facility Uug/m3

>=STN0718 AVG

0.000 1,961,694 1,961,694

0.003 1,219,573 1,219,573

0.007 805,311 805,311

0.010 543,541 543,541

0.014 383,889 383,889

0.017 260,905 260,905

0.021 196,552 196,552

0.024 163,914 163,914

0.027 136,273 136,273

0.031 114,592 114,592

0.034 105,462 105,462

0.038 81,959 81,959

0.041 79,952 79,952

0.045 70,117 70,117

0.048 64,952 64,952

0.051 63,818 63,818

0.058 57,422 57,422

0.062 54,507 54,507

0.065 49,921 49,921

0.069 43,111 43,111

0.086 39,043 39,043

0.089 35,161 35,161

0.093 31,650 31,650

0.103 23,210 23,210

0.106 19,585 19,585

0.209 15,611 15,611

0.237 10,965 10,965

0.254 7,225 7,225

1.714 3,683 3,683

TABLE 9. Generic Facility Concentration Estimates Per 1 g/s Emission Rate.

A. Maximum ANNUAL Perc, MeCl, and TCE Concentrations (ug/m3).

ID Met. Data Used

DirectionRange(deg.)

DistanceRange(m)

HighMax.Conc.

LowMax.Conc.

Avg.Max.Conc.

G-01 10 Sites, Multi-Year N/A 20 617 198 327G-02 10 Sites, Multi-Year N/A 20 397 121 198G-03 10 Sites, Multi-Year N/A 30 154 47 72

NOTE: All met data indicated in Table 9A is used per generic facility. High, low, and average statistics are basedon the single highest concentrations estimated per met site (i.e., a sample size of ten, per generic facility). Directionis omitted due to assuming an arbitrary facility orientation (length along X-axis).

B. Maximum HOURLY Perc, MeCl, and TCE Concentrations (ug/m3).

ID Met. Data Used

DirectionRange(deg.)

DistanceRange 1

(m)

HighMax.Conc.

LowMax.Conc.

Avg.Max.Conc.

G-01 10 Sites, Multi-YearDefault ‘screening’

N/A 2020

12,41811,343

8,38310,449

10,93810,757


N/A 2020

5,5335,277

3,7944,628

4,9864,864


N/A 5020

2,6442,745

1,7131,955

2,0792,281

NOTE:Building orientation was set up in two different ways. For default, ‘screening’ runs distances are measured fromeach facility’s leading edge. For all other runs distances are measured from the facility centroid. Thus, default,‘screening’ distances can be adjusted for comparison by adding half of each facility’s length to these distances andto distance in Appendix A (6, 10, and 30 meters, respectively, for G-01, G-02, and G-03). Thus, the adjusteddistances for the indicated maximum hourly screening concentrations for G-01, G-02, and G-03 would be 26 meters,30 meters, and 50 meters, respectively.All met data indicated in Table 9A is used per generic facility. High, low, and average statistics are based on thesingle highest concentrations estimated per met site (i.e., a sample size of ten, per generic facility). Direction isomitted due to assuming an arbitrary facility orientation (length along X-axis).

Appendix A

Generic FacilityMaximum Hourly and Maximum Annual

Modeling Results

IMPORTANT NOTE:Building orientation was set up in two different ways. For default, ‘screening’ runs distances are measured fromeach facility’s leading edge. For all other runs, distances are measured from the facility centroid. This differencehas not been accounted for in the following tables. Thus, default, ‘screening’ concentrations at specific distancesreported in the following tables can be adjusted for comparison to other concentrations (i.e. from the facility center)by adding half of each facility’s length to the indicated distances (6, 10, and 30 meters, respectively, for G-01, G-02,and G-03).

Appendix A: ISCST3 Generic Facility Concentration Results vs. Distance Using Default and Regional Met Data

SITENAME PERIOD DISTANCE DFLT_00 DFLT_45 DFLT_90 BUR CND FAT LAX MCC MHR OAK RED SAC STN071 AVERAGE LOW HIGHG01 1-HR 20 11343 10449 10480 12418 12418 11156 8383 11008 8471 10520 11400 11199 12413 10938 8383 12418G01 1-HR 30 8496 7887 8249 9255 9255 8403 5997 8490 5762 8021 8621 8535 9249 8159 5762 9255G01 1-HR 40 6579 6106 6464 7115 7115 6522 4610 6666 4465 6282 6687 6652 7110 6322 4465 7115G01 1-HR 50 5239 4934 5112 5625 5625 5186 3645 5344 3546 5030 5317 5307 5620 5025 3546 5625G01 1-HR 60 4269 4064 4114 4555 4555 4215 2952 4368 2879 4106 4323 4324 4551 4083 2879 4555G01 1-HR 70 3547 3404 3460 3764 3764 3490 2439 3634 2382 3411 3581 3588 3760 3381 2382 3764G01 1-HR 80 2996 2892 2947 3164 3164 2938 2050 3070 2004 2877 3016 3026 3160 2847 2004 3164G01 1-HR 90 2565 2488 2539 2698 2698 2507 1748 2628 1710 2460 2576 2587 2694 2430 1710 2698G01 1-HR 100 2223 2165 2210 2329 2329 2166 1509 2275 1478 2127 2226 2238 2326 2100 1478 2329G01 1-HR 120 1720 1684 1720 1791 1791 1665 1160 1757 1141 1639 1714 1725 1788 1617 1141 1791G01 1-HR 140 1373 1350 1378 1423 1423 1323 1011 1400 909 1304 1364 1374 1421 1295 909 1423G01 1-HR 150 1239 1220 1245 1282 1282 1192 953 1262 820 1174 1228 1238 1280 1171 820 1282G01 1-HR 160 1125 1109 1131 1161 1161 1079 902 1145 743 1064 1113 1122 1159 1065 743 1161G01 1-HR 180 940 929 947 967 967 899 815 955 621 886 929 936 966 894 621 967G01 1-HR 200 799 791 805 820 820 761 744 810 527 751 789 794 819 764 527 820G01 1-HR 250 564 559 568 576 576 533 612 570 371 526 556 558 574 545 371 612G01 1-HR 300 422 420 426 430 430 398 521 426 278 392 416 417 429 414 278 521G01 1-HR 350 330 329 333 335 335 310 454 332 217 306 325 326 335 328 217 454G01 1-HR 400 267 266 269 271 271 250 403 268 175 246 262 263 270 268 175 403G01 1-HR 450 222 221 223 224 224 206 363 222 145 203 217 218 224 225 145 363G01 1-HR 500 188 187 189 189 189 174 331 188 123 172 184 184 189 192 123 331G01 1-HR 600 141 140 142 142 142 130 282 141 92 128 138 138 142 147 92 282G01 1-HR 700 111 111 111 112 112 102 246 111 72 100 108 108 111 118 72 246G01 1-HR 800 90 90 91 91 91 83 220 90 59 81 88 88 91 98 59 220G01 1-HR 900 75 75 76 76 76 69 198 75 49 68 74 74 76 83 49 198G01 1-HR 1000 64 64 64 65 65 59 181 64 42 58 63 63 65 72 42 181G01 1-HR 2000 24 24 24 24 24 21 103 23 15 21 23 23 24 30 15 103G01 1-HR 3000 14 14 14 14 14 12 75 14 9 12 13 13 14 19 9 75G01 1-HR 4000 10 10 10 10 10 8 61 9 6 8 9 9 10 14 6 61G01 1-HR 5000 7 7 7 7 7 6 52 7 5 6 7 7 7 11 5 52G01 1-HR 6000 6 6 6 6 6 5 46 6 4 5 6 6 6 9 4 46G01 1-HR 7000 5 5 5 5 5 4 41 5 3 4 5 5 5 8 3 41G01 1-HR 8000 4 4 4 4 4 3 37 4 3 3 4 4 4 7 3 37G01 1-HR 9000 4 4 4 4 4 3 34 4 2 3 4 4 4 6 2 34G01 1-HR 10000 3 3 3 3 3 2 32 3 2 2 3 3 3 6 2 32G01 1-HR 23000 1 1 1 1 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 18



Appendix A: ISCST3 Generic Facility Concentration Results vs. Distance Using Default and Regional Met Data

SITENAME PERIOD DISTANCE DFLT_00 DFLT_45 DFLT_90 BUR CND FAT LAX MCC MHR OAK RED SAC STN071 AVERAGE LOW HIGHG01 ANNUAL 20 Not Applicable w/ Annual 617 266 262 358 291 209 272 198 206 588 327 198 617G01 ANNUAL 30 Not Applicable w/ Annual 353 150 147 216 169 119 151 117 115 328 186 115 353G01 ANNUAL 40 Not Applicable w/ Annual 227 96 94 144 109 76 96 77 73 209 120 73 227G01 ANNUAL 50 Not Applicable w/ Annual 158 68 66 102 76 53 67 54 50 145 84 50 158G01 ANNUAL 60 Not Applicable w/ Annual 116 50 48 76 56 39 49 40 37 106 62 37 116G01 ANNUAL 70 Not Applicable w/ Annual 88 39 37 59 43 30 38 31 28 81 47 28 88G01 ANNUAL 80 Not Applicable w/ Annual 70 31 29 47 34 23 30 25 22 64 37 22 70G01 ANNUAL 90 Not Applicable w/ Annual 56 25 24 39 28 19 24 20 18 52 30 18 56G01 ANNUAL 100 Not Applicable w/ Annual 47 21 20 32 23 16 20 17 15 43 25 15 47G01 ANNUAL 120 Not Applicable w/ Annual 33 15 14 23 16 11 14 12 10 30 18 10 33G01 ANNUAL 140 Not Applicable w/ Annual 25 11 11 18 12 8 11 9 8 23 14 8 25G01 ANNUAL 150 Not Applicable w/ Annual 22 10 9 16 11 7 9 8 7 20 12 7 22G01 ANNUAL 160 Not Applicable w/ Annual 19 9 8 14 10 7 8 7 6 18 11 6 19G01 ANNUAL 180 Not Applicable w/ Annual 15 7 7 11 8 5 7 6 5 14 8 5 15G01 ANNUAL 200 Not Applicable w/ Annual 13 6 5 9 6 4 5 5 4 12 7 4 13G01 ANNUAL 250 Not Applicable w/ Annual 8 4 4 6 4 3 4 3 3 8 5 3 8G01 ANNUAL 300 Not Applicable w/ Annual 6 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 5 3 2 6G01 ANNUAL 350 Not Applicable w/ Annual 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 4G01 ANNUAL 400 Not Applicable w/ Annual 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 3G01 ANNUAL 450 Not Applicable w/ Annual 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3G01 ANNUAL 500 Not Applicable w/ Annual 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2G01 ANNUAL 600 Not Applicable w/ Annual 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2G01 ANNUAL 700 Not Applicable w/ Annual 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1G01 ANNUAL 800 Not Applicable w/ Annual 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1G01 ANNUAL 900 Not Applicable w/ Annual 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1G01 ANNUAL 1000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1G01 ANNUAL 2000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 3000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 4000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 5000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 6000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 7000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 8000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 9000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 10000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0G01 ANNUAL 23000 Not Applicable w/ Annual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



Appendix E

Statewide Population Exposure Estimate Modeling Memorandums

E-1

Memorandum 1. Analysis and Population Exposure Estimates for PerchloroethyleneNeeds Assessment for Brake Cleaning Products, Updated With 1997 Data (April 7, 1999)

E-2California Environmental Protection AgencyPrinted on Recycled Paper

Winston H.HickoxSecretary forEnvironmentalProtection

Air Resources Board____________________________________________________________________________

Alan C. Lloyd, Ph.D.Chairman

2020 L Street • P.O. Box 2815 • Sacramento, California 95812 • www.arb.ca.gov Gray DavisGovernor

MEMORANDUM

TO: Todd Wong, ManagerEmissions Evaluation Section Stationary Source Division

FROM: Bob Effa, ManagerClient Support Services SectionPlanning & Technical Support Division

DATE: April 7, 1999

SUBJECT: ANALYSIS AND POPULATION EXPOSURE ESTIMATES FORPERCHLOROETHYLENE NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR BRAKE CLEANINGPRODUCTS, UPDATED WITH 1997 DATA

This memorandum is in response to your request for an update of an additional year ofdata to our March 26, 1998, memo of the same subject regarding an analysis of ambientperchloroethylene data and population-weighted exposure. All remarks regarding data andmethods used in the previous memo apply to this work. Due to time constraints, we did notattempt to refine the previous analyses. All tables of results follow the same format as those inthe March 26, 1998, memo, with the addition of 1997 statistics. The same information for 1990-1996 are reprinted for ease of comparison. In addition, a table displaying site names andtheir site numbers is part of the new Appendix. The following highlights some additionalinformation.

ADDITIONAL DATA

This analysis is based on ambient data collected by the Air Resources Board (ARB) andcompiled in the ARB Air Toxics database. The 1997 data were extracted on March 29, 1999. Thus, this analysis does not reflect any changes that may have occurred since that time. In 1997,one site in the San Francisco Bay Area (Richmond) closed and was replaced by a site in SanPablo. Also, the addition of the Salton Sea Air Basin added Calexico to the monitoring network. Since this site only has data from July 1995 to December 1997, and this analysis examinesperchloroethylene exposure trends from 1990 to 1997, the data from this site were not used in thecalculation of population exposure.

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Missing data points in 1997During the analysis of 1997 data, we encountered 5 sites with missing data as shown in

Table 1. To develop the population-weighted perchloroethylene exposure estimates, we had topopulate the data set with the most accurate data estimates available for the calculation of themean of monthly means. In the case of Richmond being replaced by San Pablo in the SanFrancisco Bay Area, we simply combined the data into one set for one site (Richmond). For theother sites with missing 1997 data, we incorporated 1996 data in the same manner used in ourprevious memo. Riverside-Rubidoux had only one value for 1997; therefore, we used its 1996data completely in the calculation of population-weighted exposure.

TABLE 1

Perchloroethylene Data AnalysisMissing Values in 1997 Data Set and

the Mean of Monthly Means Based on Replaced Data

Site Name Year Month(s) Missing Calculated Mean ofMonthly Means

Richmond-13th St 1997 May-Dec 0.040 ppbv

San Pablo-El Portal 1997 Jan-April (replaces Richmond)

Chico-Manzanita Ave 1997 May 0.040 ppbv

Fremont-Chapel Way 1997 March-September 0.044 ppbv

Los Angeles-N. Main St 1997 Aug-September 0.324 ppbv

Riverside-Rubidoux 1997 February-Dec 0.175 ppbv

There were no unusual observations in 1997, hence no need for an update to Table 2 ofour previous memo.

CLARIFICATION ON METHODOLOGY

Although we used the same methodology as that in the March 26, 1998 memo, someclarification is in order.

On page 5 of the previous memo, in the second paragraph of the “Methodology” section,the calculation of population exposure estimates for basins other than the South Coast and SanFrancisco Bay reduces to using the basin-wide mean of monthly mean concentrations, withmissing values handled as described above.

On page 6 of the previous memo, the second sentence should state that “the overallstatewide population-weighted exposure was calculated by multiplying the estimated annualaverage perchloroethylene exposure for a given air basin by its population, added across all

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basins, then divided by the total population of the state”. In other words, the statewide exposureestimate is a weighted average of the basin exposures, with weights determined by the basinpopulations.

On page 8 of the previous memo, the last paragraph should detail the calculation of basin-specific summary statistics as follows. The minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean, standarddeviation and the number of sites are calculated from all values from all sites within the basin. For the basin mean of monthly means, the basin monthly mean is first calculated for each monthbased on site means for the month. Then the twelve basin monthly means are averaged to obtainthe basin-wide annual mean of monthly means. Missing 1997 data have been estimated using1996 information in the calculation of basin-wide mean of monthly means.

UNCERTAINTY AND LIMITATIONS OF ANALYSIS

There are a number of factors that contribute to uncertainty in the data and in theconclusions drawn from the data. These are not necessarily easy to quantify. Three such factorsare discussed below, and they underscore the need to use caution when drawing conclusions froma limited set of data.

One source of uncertainty in our results is attributable to having a very limited number ofsites throughout the state and to the infrequency of sampling. As discussed in the March 26, 1998, memo, the statewide population-weighted perchloroethylene exposure iscalculated based on a limited data set derived from a statewide network of only 21 or 22 sites thatcollect one 24-hour sample every twelve days.

MLD conducts performance audits of the toxics program through both laboratory andfield audits. Laboratory audits test the analytical methods and are conducted semi-annually. Field audits test the accuracy of the full toxics sampling procedure through a method referred toas “through-the-probe” (TTP) performance audits. These audits test the sample collection,transport, storage and analytical integrity of the toxics sampling effort. TTP audits are quite timeconsuming and are only conducted annually at each site. MLD publishes the results on theInternet. For perchloroethylene, the latest TTP audit information on the ARB web site indicatesan average accuracy for the 20-plus sites to range from -21.5% to +7.2% between 1993 and 1997.

Yet another assumption to keep in mind is that the ambient concentrations ofperchloroethylene we used in our analysis represent only outdoor exposures. Essentially, theexposure estimates assume 24 hours a day of outdoor exposure, without considering indoorexposure to this compound. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using these populationexposure estimates.

RESULTS

The results of the exposure analysis are summarized in Table 3, with 1997 results addedto the far-right column. The estimated statewide population-weighted perchloroethylene

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exposure, shown at the bottom of the table, decreases from 0.203 ppb-year/person in 1996 to0.168 ppb-year/person in 1997. The general trend for statewide perchloroethylene population-weighted exposure is downward in all basins, with the exception occurring in San Francisco AirBasin (slight increase from 0.068 in 1996 to 0.071 ppb-year/person in 1997).

TABLE 3

Estimated Air Basin Population-Weighted* Perchloroethylene Exposurebased on 1990 Census (ppb-year/person**)

Air Basin 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

South Coast 0.590 0.542 0.430 0.472 0.410 0.392 0.330 0.264

South Central Coast 0.181 0.160 0.124 0.095 0.110 0.100 0.104 0.081

San Diego 0.280 0.261 0.262 0.193 0.204 0.244 0.133 0.124

San Francisco 0.196 0.223 0.158 0.124 0.082 0.091 0.068 0.071

San Joaquin Valley 0.121 0.131 0.105 0.410 0.067 0.070 0.064 0.056

Sacramento Valley 0.070 0.075 0.058 0.051 0.181 0.053 0.054 0.053

Air Basin Population Data Used in CalculatingStatewide Perchloroethylene Exposure

Air Basin 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

South Coast 10684933 10910823 11124105 11206222 11298530 11372003 11441517 11608906

South Central Coast 1041100 1055600 1072600 1080800 1092900 1104100 1108500 1128000

San Diego 2511400 2560800 2611500 2625100 2650700 2669200 2694900 2763400

San Francisco 4324700 4377500 4451700 4511100 4543300 4569800 4649400 4743500

San Joaquin Valley 1977876 2040876 2097395 2130385 2158376 2192027 2226921 2260164

Sacramento Valley 1377350 1413279 1440859 1458943 1469597 1482705 1502236 1524248

SUM 21917359 22358878 22798159 23012550 23213403 23389835 23623474 24028218

Estimated Statewide Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposureppb-year/person**

StatewideWTD AVG

0.382 0.362 0.290 0.322 0.262 0.251 0.203 0.168

* Only air basins with perchloroethylene monitoring included in this table. Air basin population-weighted exposure is calculated using mean of monthly means for all sites within basin.** Population exposure units are a concentration for a given duration per person; For this analysis, the units are ppb-year/person.

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In summary, this exposure analysis was developed with data from the six air basins listedabove. The South Coast and San Francisco Bay basins were population-weighted using censustract data, and the rest of the basins were estimated using basin-wide annual mean of monthly mean concentrations. The six areas represent approximately 72% of the statewide population. Details of the analysis methods can be found in the March 26, 1998, memo.

SUMMARY TABLES IN APPENDIX

The site and air basin annual summary statistics have been updated with 1997 results. Table A-3 has also been added to aid in identifying the sites.

cc: Bart Croes, PTSD Hien Tran, PTSD

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APPENDIXTABLE A-1

Site Summary TableAnnual Site Specific Summary Statistics

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

7000069 1990 SC LA 31 1.193 1.087 1.191 5.000 0.200

7000069 1991 SC LA 29 0.761 0.615 0.785 2.400 0.070

7000069 1992 SC LA 30 0.615 0.305 0.609 1.500 0.110

7000069 1993 SC LA 33 0.601 0.472 0.620 1.700 0.040

7000069 1994 SC LA 29 0.641 0.530 0.663 2.100 0.040

7000069 1995 SC LA 31 0.494 0.360 0.487 1.700 0.030

7000069 1996 SC LA 30 0.428 0.230 0.440 1.400 0.090

7000069 1997 SC LA 29 0.379 0.234 0.356 1.200 0.100

7000072 1990 SC LA 31 0.475 0.359 0.477 1.500 0.090

7000072 1991 SC LA 29 0.341 0.292 0.355 1.100 0.040

7000072 1992 SC LA 30 0.353 0.247 0.349 1.200 0.100

7000072 1993 SC LA 32 0.384 0.462 0.433 1.500 0.010

7000072 1994 SC LA 30 0.301 0.335 0.321 1.300 0.010

7000072 1995 SC LA 31 0.317 0.346 0.318 1.600 0.030

7000072 1996 SC LA 25 0.241 0.266 0.226 1.100 0.010

7000072 1997 SC LA 30 0.228 0.182 0.225 0.500 0.020

7000087 1990 SC LA 29 0.545 0.256 0.551 1.100 0.240

7000087 1991 SC LA 28 0.608 0.540 0.604 2.800 0.070

7000087 1992 SC LA 31 0.519 0.209 0.536 1.000 0.200

7000087 1993 SC LA 26 0.535 0.326 0.588 1.100 0.050

7000087 1994 SC LA 30 0.522 0.425 0.503 2.000 0.030

7000087 1995 SC LA 31 0.581 0.380 0.574 1.400 0.060

7000087 1996 SC LA 28 0.492 0.315 0.502 1.500 0.120

7000087 1997 SC LA 22 0.339 0.150 0.337 0.700 0.060

3300144 1990 SC RIV 28 0.235 0.127 0.237 0.440 0.030

3300144 1991 SC RIV 29 0.266 0.200 0.276 0.870 0.060

3300144 1992 SC RIV 30 0.200 0.119 0.201 0.420 0.020

3300144 1993 SC RIV 29 0.199 0.167 0.198 0.700 0.020

3300144 1994 SC RIV 31 0.184 0.181 0.191 0.950 0.020

3300144 1995 SC RIV 31 0.183 0.146 0.177 0.530 0.030

3300144 1996 SC RIV 31 0.178 0.200 0.176 1.100 0.040

3300144 1997 SC RIV 1 0.050 n/a 0.050 0.050 0.050

3600175 1990 SC SBD 27 0.434 0.201 0.423 1.000 0.210

3600175 1991 SC SBD 28 0.675 1.233 0.717 6.800 0.150

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-8

3600175 1992 SC SBD 27 0.360 0.180 0.364 0.680 0.070

3600175 1993 SC SBD 29 0.392 0.286 0.398 1.100 0.040

3600175 1994 SC SBD 31 0.284 0.165 0.286 0.820 0.030

3600175 1995 SC SBD 31 0.265 0.143 0.263 0.550 0.060

3600175 1996 SC SBD 28 0.203 0.122 0.199 0.530 0.050

3600175 1997 SC SBD 30 0.198 0.090 0.193 0.400 0.070

4200388 1990 SCC SBA 27 0.171 0.117 0.176 0.540 0.040

4200388 1991 SCC SBA 34 0.133 0.093 0.124 0.420 0.040

4200388 1992 SCC SBA 28 0.098 0.057 0.095 0.310 0.020

4200388 1993 SCC SBA 31 0.075 0.055 0.075 0.280 0.020

4200388 1994 SCC SBA 30 0.092 0.118 0.095 0.490 LOD

4200388 1995 SCC SBA 29 0.075 0.062 0.082 0.280 0.020

4200388 1996 SCC SBA 30 0.120 0.253 0.120 1.400 0.010

4200388 1997 SCC SBA 29 0.103 0.088 0.095 0.300 0.010

5600434 1990 SCC VEN 29 0.190 0.115 0.199 0.520 0.030

5600434 1991 SCC VEN 28 0.186 0.136 0.192 0.670 0.040

5600434 1992 SCC VEN 29 0.149 0.097 0.152 0.450 0.020

5600434 1993 SCC VEN 28 0.116 0.108 0.111 0.580 0.020

5600434 1994 SCC VEN 29 0.129 0.124 0.122 0.490 0.010

5600434 1995 SCC VEN 31 0.126 0.110 0.125 0.440 0.020

5600434 1996 SCC VEN 30 0.087 0.058 0.088 0.300 0.030

5600434 1997 SCC VEN 29 0.061 0.046 0.068 0.200 0.010

8000114 1990 SD SD 31 0.235 0.107 0.236 0.480 0.080

8000114 1991 SD SD 30 0.228 0.129 0.229 0.530 0.060

8000114 1992 SD SD 30 0.213 0.130 0.208 0.650 0.060

8000114 1993 SD SD 31 0.141 0.110 0.144 0.530 0.020

8000114 1994 SD SD 31 0.123 0.121 0.132 0.510 LOD

8000114 1995 SD SD 29 0.147 0.133 0.146 0.540 0.020

8000114 1996 SD SD 27 0.124 0.100 0.129 0.450 0.020

8000114 1997 SD SD 29 0.111 0.099 0.102 0.400 0.010

8000131 1990 SD SD 31 0.324 0.258 0.329 1.100 0.050

8000131 1991 SD SD 29 0.293 0.268 0.308 1.300 0.040

8000131 1992 SD SD 29 0.311 0.222 0.319 0.800 0.060

8000131 1993 SD SD 28 0.245 0.200 0.256 0.890 0.020

8000131 1994 SD SD 29 0.285 0.321 0.291 1.600 0.010

8000131 1995 SD SD 29 0.342 0.585 0.352 3.200 0.040

8000131 1996 SD SD 30 0.142 0.149 0.168 0.580 0.020

8000131 1997 SD SD 26 0.147 0.127 0.146 0.500 0.010

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-9

6000336 1990 SFBA ALA 30 0.187 0.137 0.189 0.550 0.040

6000336 1991 SFBA ALA 30 0.210 0.146 0.210 0.540 0.020

6000336 1992 SFBA ALA 30 0.136 0.119 0.134 0.630 0.030

6000336 1993 SFBA ALA 30 0.114 0.103 0.114 0.450 0.010

6000336 1994 SFBA ALA 31 0.095 0.072 0.086 0.290 LOD

6000336 1995 SFBA ALA 30 0.121 0.077 0.118 0.290 0.030

6000336 1996 SFBA ALA 31 0.068 0.043 0.069 0.210 0.010

6000336 1997 SFBA ALA 13 0.062 0.066 0.063 0.200 0.010

0700433 1990 SFBA CC 29 0.121 0.070 0.121 0.300 0.030

0700433 1991 SFBA CC 29 0.148 0.077 0.147 0.310 0.030

0700433 1992 SFBA CC 29 0.097 0.055 0.094 0.240 0.020

0700433 1993 SFBA CC 30 0.092 0.081 0.092 0.420 0.020

0700433 1994 SFBA CC 31 0.057 0.057 0.056 0.260 LOD

0700433 1995 SFBA CC 30 0.043 0.025 0.043 0.100 0.010

0700433 1996 SFBA CC 31 0.030 0.023 0.031 0.090 LOD

0700433 1997 SFBA CC 9 0.068 0.060 0.066 0.200 0.010

0700440 1990 SFBA CC 28 0.325 0.248 0.337 1.000 0.040

0700440 1991 SFBA CC 29 0.438 0.450 0.419 1.700 0.030

0700440 1992 SFBA CC 31 0.391 0.404 0.390 1.600 0.040

0700440 1993 SFBA CC 30 0.207 0.254 0.204 1.100 0.010

0700440 1994 SFBA CC 32 0.102 0.099 0.098 0.390 LOD

0700440 1995 SFBA CC 30 0.157 0.242 0.147 1.100 0.020

0700440 1996 SFBA CC 31 0.082 0.112 0.082 0.600 0.010

0700440 1997 SFBA CC 29 0.097 0.130 0.102 0.400 0.010

0700445 1997 SFBA CC 20 0.030 0.044 0.028 0.200 0.005

4300382 1990 SFBA SCL 27 0.163 0.127 0.161 0.530 0.050

4300382 1991 SFBA SCL 28 0.152 0.098 0.153 0.410 0.040

4300382 1992 SFBA SCL 31 0.100 0.073 0.100 0.370 0.030

4300382 1993 SFBA SCL 30 0.096 0.088 0.094 0.310 0.010

4300382 1994 SFBA SCL 31 0.072 0.091 0.064 0.440 LOD

4300382 1995 SFBA SCL 30 0.074 0.070 0.069 0.350 0.020

4300382 1996 SFBA SCL 31 0.069 0.079 0.068 0.310 LOD

4300382 1997 SFBA SCL 27 0.099 0.122 0.097 0.500 0.005

9000306 1990 SFBA SF 28 0.191 0.103 0.199 0.390 0.040

9000306 1991 SFBA SF 26 0.226 0.182 0.229 0.810 0.030

9000306 1992 SFBA SF 31 0.133 0.081 0.131 0.360 0.030

9000306 1993 SFBA SF 28 0.133 0.108 0.133 0.480 0.010

9000306 1994 SFBA SF 30 0.105 0.100 0.105 0.390 0.010

9000306 1995 SFBA SF 29 0.097 0.083 0.092 0.380 0.020

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-10* Site 1500203 without 28 ppbv value included

9000306 1996 SFBA SF 31 0.084 0.085 0.084 0.420 0.010

9000306 1997 SFBA SF 29 0.065 0.054 0.064 0.200 0.010

1000246 1990 SJV FRE 27 0.117 0.095 0.119 0.470 0.040

1000246 1991 SJV FRE 30 0.140 0.128 0.142 0.690 0.020

1000246 1992 SJV FRE 30 0.103 0.055 0.102 0.270 0.040

1000246 1993 SJV FRE 30 0.098 0.091 0.100 0.450 0.020

1000246 1994 SJV FRE 31 0.063 0.067 0.062 0.250 LOD

1000246 1995 SJV FRE 30 0.068 0.071 0.065 0.310 0.020

1000246 1996 SJV FRE 31 0.040 0.029 0.041 0.150 0.010

1000246 1997 SJV FRE 29 0.044 0.028 0.042 0.100 0.010

1500203 1990 SJV KER 32 0.093 0.058 0.087 0.290 0.030

1500203 1991 SJV KER 29 0.126 0.112 0.127 0.520 0.030

1500203 1992 SJV KER 31 0.077 0.043 0.075 0.200 0.030

1500203 1993 SJV KER 30 1.299 5.306 1.481 28.000 0.010

1500203* 1993 SJV KER 29 0.378 1.678 0.317 9.100 0.010

1500203 1994 SJV KER 9 0.059 0.060 0.050 0.210 0.020

1500255 1994 SJV KER 23 0.054 0.072 0.055 0.330 LOD

1500255 1995 SJV KER 32 0.098 0.182 0.092 1.000 0.010

1500255 1996 SJV KER 32 0.104 0.264 0.119 1.500 LOD

1500255 1997 SJV KER 32 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.200 0.005

3900252 1990 SJV SJ 30 0.129 0.068 0.129 0.300 0.040

3900252 1991 SJV SJ 29 0.115 0.050 0.113 0.220 0.040

3900252 1992 SJV SJ 28 0.120 0.076 0.120 0.380 0.040

3900252 1993 SJV SJ 34 0.125 0.173 0.120 0.860 0.020

3900252 1994 SJV SJ 31 0.066 0.062 0.066 0.240 LOD

3900252 1995 SJV SJ 30 0.063 0.044 0.061 0.220 0.020

3900252 1996 SJV SJ 31 0.069 0.075 0.068 0.350 0.010

3900252 1997 SJV SJ 28 0.096 0.114 0.095 0.400 0.005

5000568 1990 SJV STA 31 0.144 0.097 0.145 0.370 0.040

5000568 1991 SJV STA 30 0.142 0.173 0.150 0.870 0.020

5000568 1992 SJV STA 31 0.120 0.140 0.118 0.790 0.030

5000568 1993 SJV STA 30 0.116 0.178 0.109 0.850 0.020

5000568 1994 SJV STA 31 0.093 0.198 0.087 1.100 LOD

5000568 1995 SJV STA 30 0.052 0.053 0.053 0.230 0.010

5000568 1996 SJV STA 31 0.043 0.042 0.044 0.220 0.010

5000568 1997 SJV STA 29 0.049 0.061 0.050 0.300 0.005

1300698 1997 SS IMP 30 0.105 0.161 0.099 0.800 0.005

0400628 1992 SV BUT 16 0.053 0.033 0.051 0.120 LOD

0400628 1993 SV BUT 30 0.056 0.046 0.057 0.190 LOD

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-11

0400628 1994 SV BUT 31 0.299 1.376 0.266 7.700 LOD

0400628 1995 SV BUT 30 0.052 0.052 0.047 0.210 0.010

0400628 1996 SV BUT 31 0.048 0.054 0.049 0.260 LOD

0400628 1997 SV BUT 28 0.041 0.058 0.039 0.300 0.005

0400633 1990 SV BUT 29 0.047 0.016 0.047 0.080 0.020

0400633 1991 SV BUT 28 0.055 0.025 0.054 0.110 0.020

0400633 1992 SV BUT 15 0.047 0.024 0.046 0.090 0.020

3100822 1993 SV PLA 23 0.045 0.024 0.045 0.090 0.010

3100822 1994 SV PLA 31 0.062 0.080 0.065 0.440 LOD

3100822 1995 SV PLA 30 0.054 0.034 0.051 0.160 0.010

3100822 1996 SV PLA 30 0.060 0.070 0.061 0.340 0.010

3100822 1997 SV PLA 29 0.065 0.061 0.065 0.200 0.010

3400293 1990 SV SAC 28 0.092 0.049 0.095 0.260 0.040

3400293 1991 SV SAC 29 0.095 0.047 0.094 0.230 0.030

3400293 1992 SV SAC 31 0.075 0.039 0.076 0.180 0.020

3400293 1993 SV SAC 6 0.053 0.010 0.054 0.070 0.040

E-12

TABLE A-2Air Basin Summary Table

Air Basin Annual Summary Statistics

Air Basin

Year Number of Sites

Air BasinArithmetic

Mean (ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Air BasinMean ofMonthly

Means (ppbv)

Air BasinMaximum

(ppbv)

Air BasinMinimum

(ppbv)

SC 1990 5 0.588 0.636 0.576 5.000 0.030

SC 1991 5 0.529 0.694 0.530 6.800 0.040

SC 1992 5 0.411 0.263 0.409 1.500 0.020

SC 1993 5 0.424 0.389 0.422 1.700 0.010

SC 1994 5 0.383 0.387 0.386 2.100 0.010

SC 1995 5 0.368 0.327 0.368 1.700 0.030

SC 1996 5 0.309 0.264 0.309 1.500 0.010

SC 1997 5 0.279 0.187 0.255 1.200 0.020

SCC 1990 2 0.181 0.115 0.181 0.540 0.030

SCC 1991 2 0.157 0.116 0.160 0.670 0.040

SCC 1992 2 0.124 0.084 0.124 0.450 0.020

SCC 1993 2 0.094 0.086 0.095 0.580 0.020

SCC 1994 2 0.110 0.121 0.110 0.490 0.005

SCC 1995 2 0.101 0.093 0.100 0.440 0.020

SCC 1996 2 0.104 0.183 0.104 1.400 0.010

SCC 1997 2 0.082 0.073 0.082 0.300 0.010

SD 1990 2 0.280 0.201 0.280 1.100 0.050

SD 1991 2 0.260 0.210 0.261 1.300 0.040

SD 1992 2 0.261 0.186 0.262 0.800 0.060

SD 1993 2 0.190 0.166 0.193 0.890 0.020

SD 1994 2 0.201 0.251 0.204 1.600 0.005

SD 1995 2 0.244 0.432 0.244 3.200 0.020

SD 1996 2 0.134 0.128 0.133 0.580 0.020

SD 1997 2 0.128 0.114 0.124 0.500 0.010

SFBA 1990 5 0.197 0.162 0.197 1.000 0.030

SFBA 1991 5 0.235 0.255 0.235 1.700 0.020

SFBA 1992 5 0.173 0.225 0.172 1.600 0.020

SFBA 1993 5 0.128 0.147 0.128 1.100 0.010

SFBA 1994 5 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.440 0.005

SFBA 1995 5 0.098 0.129 0.098 1.100 0.010

SFBA 1996 5 0.067 0.077 0.067 0.600 0.005

SFBA 1997 5 0.074 0.095 0.070 0.500 0.005

SJV 1990 4 0.121 0.082 0.121 0.470 0.030

Air Basin


Air BasinArithmetic

Mean (ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)


Means (ppbv)

Air BasinMaximum

(ppbv)

Air BasinMinimum

(ppbv)

E-13

SJV 1991 4 0.131 0.123 0.131 0.870 0.020

SJV 1992 4 0.104 0.088 0.105 0.790 0.030

SJV 1993 4 0.400 2.630 0.410 28.000 0.010

SJV* 1993 4 0.176 0.823 0.179 9.100 0.010

SJV 1994 5 0.069 0.113 0.067 1.100 0.005

SJV 1995 4 0.071 0.105 0.070 1.000 0.010

SJV 1996 4 0.064 0.142 0.064 1.500 0.005

SJV 1997 4 0.055 0.070 0.056 0.400 0.005

SS 1997 1 0.105 0.161 0.099 0.800 0.005

SV 1990 2 0.069 0.042 0.070 0.260 0.020

SV 1991 2 0.075 0.043 0.075 0.230 0.020

SV 1992 3 0.063 0.036 0.058 0.180 0.005

SV 1993 3 0.051 0.036 0.051 0.190 0.005

SV 1994 2 0.181 0.974 0.181 7.700 0.005

SV 1995 2 0.053 0.043 0.053 0.210 0.010

SV 1996 2 0.054 0.062 0.054 0.340 0.005

SV 1997 2 0.053 0.061 0.053 0.300 0.005

* SJV value with 28 ppbv value excluded

E-14

TABLE A-3Site Identification Table

Site Number and Site Name, by Basin and County

ARB Site Site Name Air Basin County

7000069 Burbank-W Palm Avenue SC LA

7000072 North Long Beach SC LA

7000087 Los Angeles-North Main Street SC LA

3300144 Riverside-Rubidoux SC RIV

3600175 Upland-San Bernardino Road SC SBD

4200388 Santa Barbara-W Carillo Street SCC SBA

5600434 Simi Valley-Cochran Street SCC VEN

8000114 Chula Vista SD SD

8000131 El Cajon-Redwood Avenue SD SD

6000336 Fremont-Chapel Way SFBA ALA

0700433 Richmond-13th Street SFBA CC

0700440 Concord-2975 Treat Blvd SFBA CC

0700445 San Pablo-El Portal SFBA CC

4300382 San Jose-4th Street SFBA SCL

9000306 San Francisco-Arkansas Street SFBA SF

1000246 Fresno-1st Street SJV FRE

1500255 Bakersfield-5558 California Avenue SJV KER

3900252 Stockton-Hazelton Street SJV SJ

5000568 Modesto-14th Street SJV STA

1300698 Calexico-Ethel Street SS IMP

0400628 Chico-Manzanita Avenue SV BUT

3100822 Roseville-N Sunrise Blvd SV PLA

E-15

Memorandum 2. Analysis and Population Exposure Estimates for PerchloroethyleneNeeds Assessment for Brake Cleaning Products (March 26, 1998)

E-16

Cal/EPA

CaliforniaEnvironmentalProtection

Air ResourcesBoard

P.O. Box 28152020 L StreetSacramento, CA95812-2815http://www.arb.ca.gov

Pete WilsonGovernor

Peter M.RooneySecretary forEnvironmentalProtection

MEMORANDUM

TO: Todd WongStationary Source Division

FROM: Bob EffaTechnical Support Division

DATE: March 26, 1998

SUBJECT: ANALYSIS AND POPULATION EXPOSURE ESTIMATESFOR PERCHLOROETHYLENE NEEDS ASSESSMENTFOR BRAKE CLEANING PRODUCTS

This memorandum is in response to your request for an analysis of ambientperchlorethylene data and population-weighted exposure. It is our understanding thatthis analysis is to be used for a perc needs assessment of brake repair facilities toserve as the basis for determining whether an airborne toxic control measure (ATCM)is needed for these products. This analysis is based on ambient data, and as such,includes perchlorethylene emissions from all sources. There is no way to differentiatein the ambient air between perchloroethylene emissions from one source versusanother. If the potential risk from brake cleaning products alone is to be assessed,the contribution from other sources would need to be quantified and subtracted fromthe ambient data.

BACKGROUND

This analysis is based on ambient data collected by the Air Resources Board(ARB) and compiled in the ARB Air Toxics database. The data used in this analysiscover the time period from January 2, 1990 to December 29, 1996. All data used inthis analysis were extracted on November 14, 1997. As of February 25, 1998, therehave been no changes to the data. This analysis does not reflect any changes that mayhave occurred since that time. The data used in this analysis are available on CD(California Ambient Air Quality Data CD# TSD-97-008) from the Technical SupportDivision (TSD).

E-17

DATA

Ambient Sampling and Analysis Perchloroethylene data are collected by the ARB toxics sampling network,which currently consists of 21 monitoring sites located throughout the state. All dataused in this analysis were collected during routine toxics pollutant monitoring. Theycome from a total of 24 sites. Seventeen of these sites have been in operation from1990 to 1996. Three sites have been closed and replaced by three new sites in thesame general area (Bakersfield-Chester Ave with Bakersfield-California Ave, CitrusHeights-Sunrise Blvd with Roseville N. Sunrise Blvd, and Chico-Salem St withChico-Manzanita Ave). The 24th site, in Calexico, has been in operation since July,1995. Since this site only has data for one complete year (1996), and this analysisexamines perchloroethylene trends over 7 years, the data from this site were not usedin this analysis. There is also a 25th site at Fresno-Olive St., but this site has only oneobservation and is being discarded. As noted, some sites have moved within air basinboundaries, and this move did not pose a problem for the purpose of our analysis.

The data analysis and population exposure estimates presented below are basedon data collected from the ARB toxics sampling network. These data are collectedover a 24 hour period every twelve days by the Monitoring and Laboratory Division(MLD). The data are analyzed by MLD staff using Method MLD052 (CryogenicTrap Preconcentration with Capillary Column Gas Chromatography-PID/ECDDetectors). Perchloroethylene concentrations are measured using Electron CaptureDetector (ECD).

The number of samples available per site during the study period ranged from42 to 213 observations. Of the 4206 observations collected during this time, 35 werebelow the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 ppbv for the study period. These valuespose a problem to the analysis but they cannot be ignored since a mean calculatedwithout these observations would overestimate the true mean. To account for thesebelow LOD values, we estimated their values to be ½ of the LOD.

Missing data pointsIn the course of analyzing the data for this analysis, we found that some data

points were missing. This is to be expected, but it can pose problems to the analysis. If the pollutant being measured has seasonal patterns, and several points are missingfrom the same season, the analysis results could be skewed either high or low. Ifthere are no data collected at a given site during a month, a mean of monthly meanscannot be calculated for that year and the rest of the data for that site/year must bethrown out.

During this analysis, we encountered 8 sites with missing data as shown inTable 1. To develop the population-weighted perchloroethylene exposure estimates,we had to populate the data set with the most accurate data estimates available. We

E-18

used two different methods to estimate the missing data. The first method applied tofive sites where data were missing for only one month, with data from adjacentmonths available. For these sites, we simply took the average of the monthly meansfrom the two adjacent months to impute the missing values. The second method wasapplied to the remaining three sites. One site was missing only one month of data,but it did not have a value for the previous month available as it was the first monthof our sample period (January 1990). The other two sites were missing a three monthblock of data. All three sites used the same methodology to estimate the missing data. For these sites, we took the mean of monthly means for the months of data available,and for the same months of data in an adjacent (following) year. From this data wecalculated the ratio of the mean of monthly means. To complete the data set, we tookthe months with missing data and populated them with data from an adjacent(following) year. To correct for different magnitudes of emissions from the twoyears, this data was then adjusted using the ratio of mean of monthly means. Forexample, we will look at the January 1990 value. To estimate the missing value, we calculated a mean of monthly means using the remaining months of the year (1990)from the site with missing data. We then calculated a mean of monthly means for thefollowing year (1991) using the same months of data. The next step was to calculatethe ratio of means of monthly means to account for the difference in air quality for thetwo years of interest. The January (1990) monthly mean was then imputed bymultiplying the January (1991) value by the ratio of the means of monthly means tomore accurately describe the missing value.

A simpler approach would have been to calculate a mean value from theexisting data. The problem with this approach is that you would effectively bepopulating the missing data with the average site value for the year. Thus, this wouldnot reflect any seasonal patterns the data may possess, and would result in a lessaccurate estimate that could skew the analysis results.

TABLE 1

Perchloroethylene Data Analysis Missing Values in Data Set

Site Name Year Month(s) Missing Calculated Value(s)

Chula Vista 1996 September 0.127 ppbv

El Cajon-Redwood Ave 1994 December 0.458 ppbv

Richmond-13th St 1990 January 0.145 ppbv

San Francisco-Arkansas St 1990 May 0.174 ppbv

Perchloroethylene Data Analysis Missing Values in Data Set

E-19

San Francisco-Arkansas St 1993 December 0.176 ppbv

Stockton-Hazelton St 1993 January 0.108 ppbv

Fresno-1st St 1990 January-March 0.140, 0.157, 0.077ppbv

North Long Beach 1996 August-October 0.116, 0.168, 0.155ppbv

Unusual Observation The highest concentration reported during the study period was 28 ppbv at the

Bakersfield-Chester St. site in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin on February 12,1993. The second highest concentration was 9.1 ppbv at the Bakersfield-Chester St.site on January 31, 1993. The 28 ppbv value is much higher than the remaining datacollected and is subject to scrutiny. The Monitoring and Laboratory Division (MLD)checked and confirmed the value. There is no valid reason to discard the value, so itremains in our database. To assess the sensitivity of our estimates to such highconcentrations, we performed two analyses by including or excluding the data point. When this value is compared to the remaining values at the Chester St. site, it is morethan 21 times higher than the average for that site. A brief summary of the effects ofthis data point are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Results of Perchloroethylene Data Analysis Bakersfield-Chester St Site for 1993

with 28 ppbvvalue

without 28 ppbvvalue

PercentChange

Site Arithmetic MeanConcentration

1.299 ppbv 0.378 ppbv -71%

Air Basin Arithmetic MeanConcentration

0.400 ppbv 0.176 ppbv -56%

Results of Perchloroethylene Data Analysis Bakersfield-Chester St Site for 1993

E-20

Statewide Arithmetic Mean Concentration

0.253 ppbv 0.207 ppbv -18%

Statewide Population-WeightedExposure

0.322 ppb/year 0.301 ppb/year -7%

Unless otherwise noted, all results presented in this report are calculated withthe 28 ppbv value included.

Population DataPopulation data used in the exposure analysis come from two sources: the 1990

census and the California Department of Finance (DOF). The census data is used inthe South Coast and San Francisco Air Basins as an input to the population exposureweighting program, while the DOF data is used in all areas to represent the actualpopulation. The study area for this analysis covers six air basins, and approximately72% of the statewide population.

METHODOLOGY

The population exposure estimate consists of two parts. The first part is anestimate of the pollutant exposure in a given air basin. This will yield an averageexposure for each air basin in the study. Due to data limitations, population exposureestimates were calculated differently for different air basins. For the South Coast AirBasin and the San Francisco Air Basin, the exposure estimates are calculated using apopulation exposure weighting program that interpolates site-specific mean ofmonthly mean perchloroethylene concentrations to population values assigned tocensus tract centroids (a census tract centroid is the approximate center of a UnitedStates Census Bureau census tract). The population exposure weighting programused 1990 census data in the South Coast and San Francisco Air Basins. There are nogrowth factors available by census tract, so 1990 census data was used for thepopulation estimate for all years of the analysis.

For the other air basins for which we have data, the number of monitors are toolimited to represent the entire air basin. For those areas, we limited our analysis to thecounties which had monitors. First, we computed a “basin wide” mean concentrationfrom the mean of monthly means of the basin. Then, we assumed that all people incounties with monitoring sites are exposed to this estimated mean annualconcentration (i.e., if an air basin contains four counties, and only two of the counties

E-21

had monitors, the population of the two counties with monitors would be used in theexposure analysis). The population estimates for these areas of the study used DOFdata for this step.

The results of this first step are presented in the top portion of Table 3. This isthe population-weighted perchloroethylene exposure by air basin. For example, theper capita average concentration to which the population in the South Coast Air Basinwere exposed during 1990 was 0.590 ppb. This declined to 0.330 ppb for 1996. Forthe San Joaquin Valley Air Basin, the average concentration for the populationrepresented by the four counties included in the analysis was 0.121 ppb in 1990,dropping to 0.064 ppb in 1996.

The second step of the exposure calculation was the same for all air basins. The overall statewide population-weighted exposure was calculated by multiplyingthe estimated annual average perchloroethylene concentration for a given air basin byits population (represented as a fraction of the total of the air basin populations in thisstudy). This value was calculated for each air basin in the study, and the results aresummed to create an estimated overall statewide population-weighted exposureestimate. The DOF population figures are shown in the middle portion of Table 3.

RESULTS

The results of the exposure analysis are summarized in Table 3. The estimatedstatewide perchloroethylene exposure, shown at the bottom of the table, decreasesfrom 0.382 to 0.203 ppbv from 1990 to 1996. The highest air basin concentrations(shown at the top of the table ) occurred in the South Coast, where the annual meanperchloroethylene concentrations decreased from 0.590 ppbv in 1990 to 0.330 ppbvin 1996. The general trend for statewide is decreasing, except for a slight increasefrom 1992 to 1993 due to the 28 ppbv value in the San Joaquin Valley. If the 28ppbv value is not included in the analysis, the trend decreases for all years.

E-22

TABLE 3

Estimated Air Basin Population-Weighted* Perchloroethylene Exposureppb-year/person**

Air Basin 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

South Coast 0.590 0.542 0.430 0.472 0.410 0.392 0.330

South CentralCoast

0.181 0.160 0.124 0.095 0.110 0.100 0.104

San Diego 0.280 0.261 0.262 0.193 0.204 0.244 0.133

San Francisco 0.196 0.223 0.158 0.124 0.082 0.091 0.068

San JoaquinValley

0.121 0.131 0.105 0.410 0.067 0.070 0.064

SacramentoValley

0.070 0.075 0.058 0.051 0.181 0.053 0.054

Air Basin Population Data Used in CalculatingStatewide Perchloroethylene Exposure

Air Basin 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

South Coast 10684933 10910823 11124105 11206222 11298530 11372003 11441517

South CentralCoast

1041100 1055600 1072600 1080800 1092900 1104100 1108500

San Diego 2511400 2560800 2611500 2625100 2650700 2669200 2694900

San Francisco 4324700 4377500 4451700 4511100 4543300 4569800 4649400

San JoaquinValley

1977876 2040876 2097395 2130385 2158376 2192027 2226921

SacramentoValley

1377350 1413279 1440859 1458943 1469597 1482705 1502236

SUM 21917359 22358878 22798159 23012550 23213403 23389835 23623474

Estimated Statewide Population-Weighted Perchloroethylene Exposureppb-year/person**

StatewideWTD AVG

0.382 0.362 0.290 0.322 0.262 0.251 0.203

* Only air basins with perchloroethylene monitoring included in this table. Air basin population-weighted exposure is calculated

using mean of monthly means for all sites within basin.

** Population exposure units are a concentration for a given duration per person; For this analysis, the units are ppb-year/person.

In summary, this exposure analysis was developed with data from the six areaslisted above. The South Coast and San Francisco Bay Area were population-weighted using census tract data, and the rest of the areas were population-weighted

E-23

using county (with monitoring data) population data. The six areas representapproximately 72% of the statewide population.

LIMITATIONS OF ANALYSIS

This analysis was designed to produce a statewide population-weightedperchloroethylene exposure. Ideally, to complete such an analysis, dailyperchloroethylene concentrations from all areas of the state would be available. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Currently, our monitoring network operates on aone in twelve day sampling schedule, at only 21 sites within six air basins throughoutCalifornia. At this time, the minimum number of sites and frequency of samplingrequired to accurately represent the true statewide exposure are uncertain. Therefore,caution should be exercised when using these exposure estimates.

SUMMARY TABLES IN APPENDIX

Annual summary statistics for each site during the study period are listed in theappendix in the Site Summary Table. These statistics include the annual siteminimum, maximum, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, mean of monthly means,and number of observations. The annual mean concentration for the site is calculatedas the mean of monthly means for the site. The standard deviation is calculated usingall values rather than the monthly means. When a site contains a reading below theLOD for a particular year, the mean concentration and standard deviation arecalculated using ½ LOD as an estimate for the below LOD value.

Basin-specific summary statistics are calculated on an annual basis and arelisted in the Appendix in the Air Basin Summary Table. These statistics arecalculated using the values from each site within an air basin. These statistics includethe minimum and maximum, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation of values fromall sites within the air basin, the mean of monthly site means, and the number of sitesin the air basin.

cc: Bart Croes, TSDTom Lusk , TSD

E-24

APPENDIX

Site Summary TableAnnual Site Specific Summary Statistics

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

7000069 1990 SC LA 31 1.193 1.087 1.191 5.000 0.200

7000069 1991 SC LA 29 0.761 0.615 0.785 2.400 0.070

7000069 1992 SC LA 30 0.615 0.305 0.609 1.500 0.110

7000069 1993 SC LA 33 0.601 0.472 0.620 1.700 0.040

7000069 1994 SC LA 29 0.641 0.530 0.663 2.100 0.040

7000069 1995 SC LA 31 0.494 0.360 0.487 1.700 0.030

7000069 1996 SC LA 30 0.428 0.230 0.440 1.400 0.090

7000072 1990 SC LA 31 0.475 0.359 0.477 1.500 0.090

7000072 1991 SC LA 29 0.341 0.292 0.355 1.100 0.040

7000072 1992 SC LA 30 0.353 0.247 0.349 1.200 0.100

7000072 1993 SC LA 32 0.384 0.462 0.433 1.500 0.010

7000072 1994 SC LA 30 0.301 0.335 0.321 1.300 0.010

7000072 1995 SC LA 31 0.317 0.346 0.318 1.600 0.030

7000072 1996 SC LA 25 0.241 0.266 0.226 1.100 0.010

7000087 1990 SC LA 29 0.545 0.256 0.551 1.100 0.240

7000087 1991 SC LA 28 0.608 0.540 0.604 2.800 0.070

7000087 1992 SC LA 31 0.519 0.209 0.536 1.000 0.200

7000087 1993 SC LA 26 0.535 0.326 0.588 1.100 0.050

7000087 1994 SC LA 30 0.522 0.425 0.503 2.000 0.030

7000087 1995 SC LA 31 0.581 0.380 0.574 1.400 0.060

7000087 1996 SC LA 28 0.492 0.315 0.502 1.500 0.120

3300144 1990 SC RIV 28 0.235 0.127 0.237 0.440 0.030

3300144 1991 SC RIV 29 0.266 0.200 0.276 0.870 0.060

3300144 1992 SC RIV 30 0.200 0.119 0.201 0.420 0.020

3300144 1993 SC RIV 29 0.199 0.167 0.198 0.700 0.020

3300144 1994 SC RIV 31 0.184 0.181 0.191 0.950 0.020

3300144 1995 SC RIV 31 0.183 0.146 0.177 0.530 0.030

3300144 1996 SC RIV 31 0.178 0.200 0.176 1.100 0.040

3600175 1990 SC SBD 27 0.434 0.201 0.423 1.000 0.210

3600175 1991 SC SBD 28 0.675 1.233 0.717 6.800 0.150

3600175 1992 SC SBD 27 0.360 0.180 0.364 0.680 0.070

3600175 1993 SC SBD 29 0.392 0.286 0.398 1.100 0.040

3600175 1994 SC SBD 31 0.284 0.165 0.286 0.820 0.030

3600175 1995 SC SBD 31 0.265 0.143 0.263 0.550 0.060

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-25

3600175 1996 SC SBD 28 0.203 0.122 0.199 0.530 0.050

4200388 1990 SCC SBA 27 0.171 0.117 0.176 0.540 0.040

4200388 1991 SCC SBA 34 0.133 0.093 0.124 0.420 0.040

4200388 1992 SCC SBA 28 0.098 0.057 0.095 0.310 0.020

4200388 1993 SCC SBA 31 0.075 0.055 0.075 0.280 0.020

4200388 1994 SCC SBA 30 0.092 0.118 0.095 0.490 LOD

4200388 1995 SCC SBA 29 0.075 0.062 0.082 0.280 0.020

4200388 1996 SCC SBA 30 0.120 0.253 0.120 1.400 0.010

5600434 1990 SCC VEN 29 0.190 0.115 0.199 0.520 0.030

5600434 1991 SCC VEN 28 0.186 0.136 0.192 0.670 0.040

5600434 1992 SCC VEN 29 0.149 0.097 0.152 0.450 0.020

5600434 1993 SCC VEN 28 0.116 0.108 0.111 0.580 0.020

5600434 1994 SCC VEN 29 0.129 0.124 0.122 0.490 0.010

5600434 1995 SCC VEN 31 0.126 0.110 0.125 0.440 0.020

5600434 1996 SCC VEN 30 0.087 0.058 0.088 0.300 0.030

8000114 1990 SD SD 31 0.235 0.107 0.236 0.480 0.080

8000114 1991 SD SD 30 0.228 0.129 0.229 0.530 0.060

8000114 1992 SD SD 30 0.213 0.130 0.208 0.650 0.060

8000114 1993 SD SD 31 0.141 0.110 0.144 0.530 0.020

8000114 1994 SD SD 31 0.123 0.121 0.132 0.510 LOD

8000114 1995 SD SD 29 0.147 0.133 0.146 0.540 0.020

8000114 1996 SD SD 27 0.124 0.100 0.129 0.450 0.020

8000131 1990 SD SD 31 0.324 0.258 0.329 1.100 0.050

8000131 1991 SD SD 29 0.293 0.268 0.308 1.300 0.040

8000131 1992 SD SD 29 0.311 0.222 0.319 0.800 0.060

8000131 1993 SD SD 28 0.245 0.200 0.256 0.890 0.020

8000131 1994 SD SD 29 0.285 0.321 0.291 1.600 0.010

8000131 1995 SD SD 29 0.342 0.585 0.352 3.200 0.040

8000131 1996 SD SD 30 0.142 0.149 0.168 0.580 0.020

6000336 1990 SFBA ALA 30 0.187 0.137 0.189 0.550 0.040

6000336 1991 SFBA ALA 30 0.210 0.146 0.210 0.540 0.020

6000336 1992 SFBA ALA 30 0.136 0.119 0.134 0.630 0.030

6000336 1993 SFBA ALA 30 0.114 0.103 0.114 0.450 0.010

6000336 1994 SFBA ALA 31 0.095 0.072 0.086 0.290 LOD

6000336 1995 SFBA ALA 30 0.121 0.077 0.118 0.290 0.030

6000336 1996 SFBA ALA 31 0.068 0.043 0.069 0.210 0.010

0700433 1990 SFBA CC 29 0.121 0.070 0.121 0.300 0.030

0700433 1991 SFBA CC 29 0.148 0.077 0.147 0.310 0.030

0700433 1992 SFBA CC 29 0.097 0.055 0.094 0.240 0.020

0700433 1993 SFBA CC 30 0.092 0.081 0.092 0.420 0.020

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

* Site 1500203 without 28 ppbv value included E-26

0700433 1994 SFBA CC 31 0.057 0.057 0.056 0.260 LOD

0700433 1995 SFBA CC 30 0.043 0.025 0.043 0.100 0.010

0700433 1996 SFBA CC 31 0.030 0.023 0.031 0.090 LOD

0700440 1990 SFBA CC 28 0.325 0.248 0.337 1.000 0.040

0700440 1991 SFBA CC 29 0.438 0.450 0.419 1.700 0.030

0700440 1992 SFBA CC 31 0.391 0.404 0.390 1.600 0.040

0700440 1993 SFBA CC 30 0.207 0.254 0.204 1.100 0.010

0700440 1994 SFBA CC 32 0.102 0.099 0.098 0.390 LOD

0700440 1995 SFBA CC 30 0.157 0.242 0.147 1.100 0.020

0700440 1996 SFBA CC 31 0.082 0.112 0.082 0.600 0.010

4300382 1990 SFBA SCL 27 0.163 0.127 0.161 0.530 0.050

4300382 1991 SFBA SCL 28 0.152 0.098 0.153 0.410 0.040

4300382 1992 SFBA SCL 31 0.100 0.073 0.100 0.370 0.030

4300382 1993 SFBA SCL 30 0.096 0.088 0.094 0.310 0.010

4300382 1994 SFBA SCL 31 0.072 0.091 0.064 0.440 LOD

4300382 1995 SFBA SCL 30 0.074 0.070 0.069 0.350 0.020

4300382 1996 SFBA SCL 31 0.069 0.079 0.068 0.310 LOD

9000306 1990 SFBA SF 28 0.191 0.103 0.199 0.390 0.040

9000306 1991 SFBA SF 26 0.226 0.182 0.229 0.810 0.030

9000306 1992 SFBA SF 31 0.133 0.081 0.131 0.360 0.030

9000306 1993 SFBA SF 28 0.133 0.108 0.133 0.480 0.010

9000306 1994 SFBA SF 30 0.105 0.100 0.105 0.390 0.010

9000306 1995 SFBA SF 29 0.097 0.083 0.092 0.380 0.020

9000306 1996 SFBA SF 31 0.084 0.085 0.084 0.420 0.010

1000246 1990 SJV FRE 27 0.117 0.095 0.119 0.470 0.040

1000246 1991 SJV FRE 30 0.140 0.128 0.142 0.690 0.020

1000246 1992 SJV FRE 30 0.103 0.055 0.102 0.270 0.040

1000246 1993 SJV FRE 30 0.098 0.091 0.100 0.450 0.020

1000246 1994 SJV FRE 31 0.063 0.067 0.062 0.250 LOD

1000246 1995 SJV FRE 30 0.068 0.071 0.065 0.310 0.020

1000246 1996 SJV FRE 31 0.040 0.029 0.041 0.150 0.010

1500203 1990 SJV KER 32 0.093 0.058 0.087 0.290 0.030

1500203 1991 SJV KER 29 0.126 0.112 0.127 0.520 0.030

1500203 1992 SJV KER 31 0.077 0.043 0.075 0.200 0.030

1500203 1993 SJV KER 30 1.299 5.306 1.481 28.000 0.010

1500203* 1993 SJV KER 29 0.378 1.678 0.317 9.100 0.010

1500203 1994 SJV KER 9 0.059 0.060 0.050 0.210 0.020

1500255 1994 SJV KER 23 0.054 0.072 0.055 0.330 LOD

1500255 1995 SJV KER 32 0.098 0.182 0.092 1.000 0.010

1500255 1996 SJV KER 32 0.104 0.264 0.119 1.500 LOD

ARB SITE

YEAR Air Basin

County NO_OBS

Site Mean(ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)

Mean ofMonthly

Mean(ppbv)

Site Maximum

(ppbv)

SiteMinimum

(ppbv)

E-27

3900252 1990 SJV SJ 30 0.129 0.068 0.129 0.300 0.040

3900252 1991 SJV SJ 29 0.115 0.050 0.113 0.220 0.040

3900252 1992 SJV SJ 28 0.120 0.076 0.120 0.380 0.040

3900252 1993 SJV SJ 34 0.125 0.173 0.120 0.860 0.020

3900252 1994 SJV SJ 31 0.066 0.062 0.066 0.240 LOD

3900252 1995 SJV SJ 30 0.063 0.044 0.061 0.220 0.020

3900252 1996 SJV SJ 31 0.069 0.075 0.068 0.350 0.010

5000568 1990 SJV STA 31 0.144 0.097 0.145 0.370 0.040

5000568 1991 SJV STA 30 0.142 0.173 0.150 0.870 0.020

5000568 1992 SJV STA 31 0.120 0.140 0.118 0.790 0.030

5000568 1993 SJV STA 30 0.116 0.178 0.109 0.850 0.020

5000568 1994 SJV STA 31 0.093 0.198 0.087 1.100 LOD

5000568 1995 SJV STA 30 0.052 0.053 0.053 0.230 0.010

5000568 1996 SJV STA 31 0.043 0.042 0.044 0.220 0.010

0400628 1992 SV BUT 16 0.053 0.033 0.051 0.120 LOD

0400628 1993 SV BUT 30 0.056 0.046 0.057 0.190 LOD

0400628 1994 SV BUT 31 0.299 1.376 0.266 7.700 LOD

0400628 1995 SV BUT 30 0.052 0.052 0.047 0.210 0.010

0400628 1996 SV BUT 31 0.048 0.054 0.049 0.260 LOD

0400633 1990 SV BUT 29 0.047 0.016 0.047 0.080 0.020

0400633 1991 SV BUT 28 0.055 0.025 0.054 0.110 0.020

0400633 1992 SV BUT 15 0.047 0.024 0.046 0.090 0.020

3100822 1993 SV PLA 23 0.045 0.024 0.045 0.090 0.010

3100822 1994 SV PLA 31 0.062 0.080 0.065 0.440 LOD

3100822 1995 SV PLA 30 0.054 0.034 0.051 0.160 0.010

3100822 1996 SV PLA 30 0.060 0.070 0.061 0.340 0.010

3400293 1990 SV SAC 28 0.092 0.049 0.095 0.260 0.040

3400293 1991 SV SAC 29 0.095 0.047 0.094 0.230 0.030

3400293 1992 SV SAC 31 0.075 0.039 0.076 0.180 0.020

3400293 1993 SV SAC 6 0.053 0.010 0.054 0.070 0.040


E-28

Air Basin Summary TableAir Basin Annual Summary Statistics

Air Basin


Air BasinArithmetic

Mean (ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)


Means (ppbv)

Air BasinMaximum

(ppbv)

Air BasinMinimum

(ppbv)

SC 1990 5 0.588 0.636 0.576 5.000 0.030

SC 1991 5 0.529 0.694 0.530 6.800 0.040

SC 1992 5 0.411 0.263 0.409 1.500 0.020

SC 1993 5 0.424 0.389 0.422 1.700 0.010

SC 1994 5 0.383 0.387 0.386 2.100 0.010

SC 1995 5 0.368 0.327 0.368 1.700 0.030

SC 1996 5 0.309 0.264 0.309 1.500 0.010

SCC 1990 2 0.181 0.115 0.181 0.540 0.030

SCC 1991 2 0.157 0.116 0.160 0.670 0.040

SCC 1992 2 0.124 0.084 0.124 0.450 0.020

SCC 1993 2 0.094 0.086 0.095 0.580 0.020

SCC 1994 2 0.110 0.121 0.110 0.490 0.005

SCC 1995 2 0.101 0.093 0.100 0.440 0.020

SCC 1996 2 0.104 0.183 0.104 1.400 0.010

SD 1990 2 0.280 0.201 0.280 1.100 0.050

SD 1991 2 0.260 0.210 0.261 1.300 0.040

SD 1992 2 0.261 0.186 0.262 0.800 0.060

SD 1993 2 0.190 0.166 0.193 0.890 0.020

SD 1994 2 0.201 0.251 0.204 1.600 0.005

SD 1995 2 0.244 0.432 0.244 3.200 0.020

SD 1996 2 0.134 0.128 0.133 0.580 0.020

SFBA 1990 5 0.197 0.162 0.197 1.000 0.030

SFBA 1991 5 0.235 0.255 0.235 1.700 0.020

SFBA 1992 5 0.173 0.225 0.172 1.600 0.020

SFBA 1993 5 0.128 0.147 0.128 1.100 0.010

SFBA 1994 5 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.440 0.005

SFBA 1995 5 0.098 0.129 0.098 1.100 0.010

SFBA 1996 5 0.067 0.077 0.067 0.600 0.005

SJV 1990 4 0.121 0.082 0.121 0.470 0.030

SJV 1991 4 0.131 0.123 0.131 0.870 0.020

SJV 1992 4 0.104 0.088 0.105 0.790 0.030

SJV 1993 4 0.400 2.630 0.410 28.000 0.010

SJV* 1993 4 0.176 0.823 0.179 9.100 0.010

SJV 1994 5 0.069 0.113 0.067 1.100 0.005

SJV 1995 4 0.071 0.105 0.070 1.000 0.010

SJV 1996 4 0.064 0.142 0.064 1.500 0.005

SV 1990 2 0.069 0.042 0.070 0.260 0.020

Air Basin


Air BasinArithmetic

Mean (ppbv)

StandardDeviation

(ppbv)


Means (ppbv)

Air BasinMaximum

(ppbv)

Air BasinMinimum

(ppbv)


E-29

SV 1991 2 0.075 0.043 0.075 0.230 0.020

SV 1992 3 0.063 0.036 0.058 0.180 0.005

SV 1993 3 0.051 0.036 0.051 0.190 0.005

SV 1994 2 0.181 0.974 0.181 7.700 0.005

SV 1995 2 0.053 0.043 0.053 0.210 0.010

SV 1996 2 0.054 0.062 0.054 0.340 0.005

Appendix F

Selection of Specific and Generic Facilities for ISCST3 Modeling

F-1

Appendix F. Selection of Specific and Generic Facilities for ISCST3 Modeling

The majority of the modeling performed was done using the SCREEN3 air dispersionmodel because it is easy to use and allows the consideration of many modeling scenarios in arelatively short period of time. The ISCST3 air dispersion models offers the opportunity toperform a more refined analysis of a facility’s potential risk; however, modeling scenariosconsidered under this model are more resource intensive. As a result, only a limited number offacilities could be selected for modeling using ISCST3. Thirteen specific facilities from the sitevisits as well as 3 generic facilities that were developed to represent a broad range of facilitiesstatewide, were selected. This appendix outlines how the specific facilities were selected, howthe generic facilities were developed, and how representative product formulations for thegeneric facilities were derived.

A. Selection of the 13 Specific Facilities

The main goal in selecting the 13 specific facilities was to obtain good representation ofthe five facility types (general automotive, fleets, service stations, dedicated brake shops, anddealerships) defined in the Status Report (ARB, 1997a) in several locations throughout the statewith good population densities. In order to conduct this type of analysis, meteorological (met)and census data needs to be available for any selected area; therefore, facilities located in areaswithout met data or good census information could not be candidates for selection.

Another goal was to select facilities representing five key population areas revealed bythe site visits. Those areas are: Sacramento, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, SanJoaquin Valley, and the North State area. Combined, these regions represent mostly urban areaswhich is appropriate because the majority of California’s population lives in largely urban areas. Additionally, potential residential and business receptors in these areas tend to be located nearbythe automotive maintenance and repair facilities.

The site visits showed that 55 facilities were using chlorinated products, all of whichwere modeled using the SCREEN3 air dispersion model. Thirty-two of these facilities showedpotential risks greater than 10 chances per million (based on Perc usage and modeling usingSCREEN3). The 10 chances per million level was selected because it is a common public risknotification level used in many local air districts; it should not be construed as any sort ofregulatory guideline. Since public health protection is a major concern, the higher risk facilitieswere selected as candidates for ISCST3 modeling so long as the above criteria was able to besatisfied. As a result, facilities with lower risk values were selected in some cases to ensure thatall the facility types and the five population areas were represented. Using these criteria,13 specific facilities were selected. Table F-1 summarizes the five regions, the selected met setsfor each region, and the represented facility types.

F-2

Table F-1. Met Data Sets and Facility Types per Region

Geographic Region Met Data Sets Facility Types

Los Angeles Anaheim 1981Burbank 1958-62LAX 1985-89

General Automotive

North State Redding 1987-89 General Automotive

Sacramento Sac Exec 1987, 1989-92Mather AFB 1953-57McClellan AFB 1953-57

Brake ShopFleet

San Francisco Bay Area Concord 1991-96Oakland 1960-64

General Automotive

San Joaquin Valley Fresno 1985-89 DealershipService Station

B. Development of the 3 Generic Facilities

The purpose of developing the 3 generic facilities was to provide a mechanism forestimating potential health impacts for all facilities statewide, including facilities located in areaswhere met data is not available. The basis for the generic facilities came from the 137 site visits,the statewide survey of automotive maintenance and repair facilities, as well as follow-up visitsand telephone calls used to verify collected information. Using this information, the universe offacilities was separated into three representative groups: generic facility G-01 (small), genericfacility G-02 (medium), and generic facility G-03 (large).

The site visit data was analyzed to determine the source characteristics of the genericfacilities. Several approaches were considered including averaging the facility volumes over aspecified range and focusing on the smaller facility volumes. These approaches were rejectedbecause they would have either underestimated or overestimated potential health impacts. Thedata revealed that product usage was not related to facility size which means that both low andhigh usage rates can be found at small and large facilities. Additionally, a comparison of thefacility volumes showed gaps that naturally separated the facilities into five groupings or facilitysize ranges. The very smallest group and largest group of facilities were excluded to avoidunnecessarily underestimating or overestimating potential health impacts. This approach createda rough cut of facility sizes for each generic facility.

Due to the limited availability of modeling resources, one representative building sizeneeded to be selected for each of the three facility size ranges. Before selecting the discretebuilding size, however, the number of brake jobs that were being performed in each facility size

F-3

range was examined (note: a typical brake job can consist of either one-axle or two-axle jobs). The data showed that the overall number of brake jobs ranged from 1 to 160 jobs per week andthat facilities doing more brake work (and therefore using more chlorinated product) populatedall three size ranges. An interesting observation was that the facility with the greatest number ofbrake jobs was at the lower end of each size range (in terms of facility volume) which indicatesthat facilities at the higher end of the size range would most likely be able to handle the samethroughput. It also means that setting the building size for each generic facility at the lower endof the range would not overestimate potential health impacts. As a result, the buildingdimensions were set at the lower end of each facility size range. The throughput of brake jobswas then set to approximate the throughput at the lower end facilities. While the throughput ofbrake jobs for these facilities is higher than others in the range, it creates a health-protectivefacility that can effectively handle the variations in usage rates. It also allows for the capture ofproduct use on other activities and, therefore, is a more realistic model of total product usage thatminimizes the frequency that a generic facility would underestimate potential health impacts. Table F-2 summarizes what had been developed at this point.

Table F-2. Proposed Generic Facilities

Facility Facility Size Range(by volume)

ProposedRepresentative

Volume

Number of Brake Jobsat Proposed Volume

[per week]

G-01 453 m3 to 2140 m3 453 m3 18

G-02 2230 m3 to 8494 m3 2230 m3 58

G-03 9241 m3 to 37167 m3 10157 m3 54

Now that the generic facilities had been roughly identified, several quality control checkswere employed to verify that the building dimensions and throughput of brake jobs were setproperly and could adequately characterize automotive service and repair facilities statewide. Sales by facility size and number of service bays reported in the May 1996 Brake & Front EndBrake Repair Survey (MarketScope, 1996) were compared to site visit data to check forconsistency. This check underscores that the facility size ranges for the generic facilities areconsistent with trends that have been observed nationwide. Additionally, the number of bays thatwere dedicated to brake work were compared with site visit data to determine if they wereconsistent with the generic volumes and reported number of jobs per week. This comparison wasnecessary to minimize the possibility that a generic facility would assume that a facility would bedoing more work than it was physically capable of doing. Finally, a random selection ofrespondents to the Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire (Facility Survey) were polled toverify the accuracy of the reported data (a copy of the survey form can be found in Appendix B). Additional site visits were then made to several of these facilities to obtain source characteristicinformation. The information obtained from these additional site visits confirmed that the

F-4

building dimensions and throughput of brake jobs for the generic facilities was reasonable.

In order to gain an idea of the statewide representativeness of the generic facilities, thesales/service bay distribution reported in the May 1996 Brake & Front End Brake Repair Survey(MarketScope, 1996) and the distribution of the number of service bays per facility reported inthe Norton study (Norton, 1993) was compared to the ARB data. With this information, it wasestimated that generic facility G-01 represents approximately 37% of California automotiveservice facilities, G-02 represents approximately 43%, and G-03 represents approximately 20%. Table F-2 summarizes the generic facility characteristics that were used in the modelingscenarios under ISCST3. A summary of the generic facility modeling results, includingmodeling input parameters and assumptions, are presented in Appendix D.

Table F-3. Summary of Generic Facility Characteristics

Facility Brake JobRange

[per week]

FacilityVolume

[m3]

Height[m]

Length[m]

Width[m]

Number ofBrake Jobs[per week]

RepresentedFacility Types

G-01 1 to 75 453 4.9 12.2 7.6 20 Brake ShopDealershipGeneral AutomotiveService Station

G-02 1 to 115 2230 7.6 21.3 13.7 60 Brake ShopDealershipFleetGeneral AutomotiveService Station

G-03 1 to 160 10157 7.6 62.5 21.3 60 DealershipFleetGeneral Automotive

C. Development of Perc, MeCl, and TCE Usage Rates in Brake Cleaners, CarburetorCleaners, Engine Degreasers, and General Degreasers

An important observation made during the site visits was that products labeled as brakecleaners, carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general degreasers were often used on avariety of tasks. For example, several facilities reported using aerosol brake cleaning products todo engine degreasing work while others used general degreasers to clean brake parts. Manytechnicians indicated that this cross usage occurs because the products in each of these categoriesare designed to remove grime, grease, oil and dirt and, therefore, are suitable for tasks for whichthey may not be labeled.

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Since products from these categories represent a varying range of compositions withregard to Perc, MeCl, and TCE, each category was separated into representative formulationsbased on available data. The data sources for this exercise where the Facility Survey and the1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey. The Facility Survey provided information onproduct usage rates and was used to estimate the average cans per week of product usage in eachcategory. Formulation information was also extracted from this database. The 1997 Consumerand Commercial Products Survey also contained formulation information as well as salesinformation. The sales information was used to weight the relative contributions of theformulations into one composite. The site visits also provided usage and formulationinformation on brake cleaning products.

In order to simplify the presentation of data associated with this task, the contributions tototal generic facility risk from carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, and general degreasers iscombined into two health impact estimates for each generic facility: one estimate for defaultmeteorology and another which is the average of the health impacts for the 10 specific metlocations. Since more information was available for brake cleaners than the other threecategories, the representative formulations derived for this category are used discretely for eachmet set including the default. A summary of the representative product formulations used ispresented in Table F-4.

Table F-4. Representative Product Formulations Used in Generic Facility Modeling

Product Category

Brake Cleaners Carburetor Cleaners Engine Degreasers General Degreasers

All met locations:º 94% Percº 65% PercFour met locations1:º 55% Perc, 25% MeClº 40% Perc, 30% MeCl, 20% TCEº 55% Perc, 43% TCE


º 68% Percº 57% MeCl


º 47% Percº 99% TCE

Single composite based on2:

º 24% Percº 41% Perc, 55% MeClº 46% MeClº 97% TCE

1. Burbank, Anaheim, Oakland and default met for chronic effects; Fresno, Concord, Mather, and default met for acute effects.2. Composite is based on average of 10 met sets. Default meteorology is considered independently.

In order to estimate the total health impacts (or some desired subset) at a generic facility,the individual contributions must be added. For example, let’s assume that we are looking atgeneric facility G-01 located in the Burbank, California area where a 94% Perc brake product isbeing used. Let’s assume further that this facility also uses products from the other three productcategories and that we are interested in estimating potential health impacts at 20 meters from thecenter of the facility. Using Appendix D, we would look up the corresponding health impactvalues. Table F-5 summarizes the calculation method and provides give the results.

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Table F-5. Facility G-01 Health Impacts at Burbank at 20 Meters Using a 94% Perc Aerosol Brake Cleaning Product

and other Automotive Consumer Products

Product Category Potential Cancer Risk[chances per million]

Hazard Index

Resident Worker Acute Chronic

94% Perc Brake Cleaner1 47.41 20.18 0.0727 0.2296

Carburetor Cleaner 0.74 0.32 0.0164 0.0017

Engine Degreaser 2.19 0.93 0.0109 0.0061

General Purpose Degreaser 1.37 0.58 0.0040 0.0017

Total Impacts: 51.71 22.01 0.1040 0.23911. These health values assume a 20 brake job per week throughput and 1 19-oz can per job used. Please see Appendix D for more information.

If we consider the same example but instead assume that a multicomponent brake cleaningproduct containing 55% Perc and 25% MeCl is being used, Table F-6 would then summarize thecalculation method and provide the results for this scenario.

Table F-6. Facility G-01 Health Impacts at Burbank at 20 Meters Using a Multicomponent Aerosol Brake Cleaning Product

and other Automotive Consumer Products

Product Category Potential Cancer Risk[chances per million]

Hazard Index

Resident Worker Acute Chronic

55% Perc, 25% MeCl BrakeCleaner1

29.87 12.71 0.0701 0.2303

Carburetor Cleaner 0.74 0.32 0.0164 0.0017

Engine Degreaser 2.19 0.93 0.0109 0.0061

General Purpose Degreaser 1.37 0.58 0.0040 0.0017

Total Impacts: 34.17 14.54 0.1014 0.23981. These health values assume a 20 brake job per week throughput and 1 19-oz can per job used. Please see Appendix D for more information.

Using these examples as a guideline in conjunction with the data in Appendix D, the totalpotential health impacts at a generic facility under a variety of conditions can be estimated.

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It is expected that the usage estimates for carburetor cleaners, engine degreasers, andgeneral degreasers underestimate their contribution to the overall risk. This expectation is basedon the limited data available with regard to product usage rates in these categories. Due to thislimitation, usage rates were capped at three and one-third (3a)14-ounce cans per week forcarburetor cleaners, three 18-ounce cans per week for engine degreasers, and three 16-ounce cansfor general degreasers. These amounts are the average usage rates for each category found in theFacility Survey supported by sales data in the 1997 Consumer and Commercial Products Survey. While it seems reasonable that these products would most likely be used at a greater rate thanindicated here, the ARB currently does not possess sufficient data to justify higher usage rates. As a result, potential health impacts from these three categories may be underestimated by anunknown degree.

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REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX F

ARB, 1997a. Perchloroethylene Need Assessment for Automotive Consumer Products: StatusReport, California Air Resources Board, June 1997.

MarketScope, 1996. “1996 Brake Repair Study”, prepared by MarketScope for Brake and FrontEnd Magazine, May 1996.

Norton, 1993. “Usage of Chemical Brake Cleaners in Automotive Repair Facilities”, John Norton, School of Business Administration, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA,November 8, 1993.

Appendix G

Compounds in Products

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Appendix G. Compounds in Products

The compounds listed in Table H-1 were compiled from material safety data sheets ofbrake cleaners, carburetor and air intake cleaners, engine degreasers and general purposedegreasers that are currently being used in California or were stated as being used in responses tothe Automotive Service Facility Questionnaire (Automotive Survey).

Table G-1. Compounds Currently Found In Automotive Consumer Products

COMPOUND NAME CAS No.1 VOC 2 TAC 3 CandidateTAC 4

URF 5 AREL 6 CREL 7

Acetone 67641

Aliphatic Petroleum Distillates(Petroleum Naphtha)

64742898 Yes

Ammonia 7664417 Yes 3.20e+03 1.00e+02

Aromatic Solvent (petroleum) 68477316 Yes

Benzene 71432 Yes Yes 2.90e-05 1.30e+03 7.10e+01

Butane 106978 Yes

Butanol 78922 Yes Yes

2-Butoxyethanol (EGBE;Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)

111762 Yes 1.40e+04 2.00e+01

1,2 Butylene Oxide (inhibitor)(1,2 Epoxybutane)

106887 Yes Yes 2.00e+01

Carbon Dioxide 124389

2-Chlorotoluene 95498 Yes

Cyclohexane 110827 Yes Yes

Diacetone Alcohol 123422 Yes

Diesel no. 2 68476346 Yes

Diethylene Glycol Mono-ButylEther

112345 Yes

Dimethoxymethane (inhibitor) 109875 Yes

1,3-Dioxolane 646060 Yes

Dipentane 68956569 Yes

Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether 34590948 Yes

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Table G-1. Compounds Currently Found In Automotive Consumer Products (cont.)


URF 5 AREL 6 CREL 7

2-Ethanol-1,3-Hexanediol 94962 Yes

Ethoxylated Alkyl Amine NonionicSurfactant

9036195 Yes

Ethyl Acetate 141786 Yes

Ethyl Benzene 100414 Yes Yes 1.00e+03

Heavy Aromatic Solvent Naptha 64742945 Yes

Heptane 142825 Yes

Hexane 110543 Yes Yes 2.00e+02

Hydrocarbon Propellant A-46(Propane/ Isobutane)

68476868 Yes

Hydrocarbon Propellant A-85 684768857 Yes

Hydrotreated Heavy Naphtha 64742489 Yes

Hydrotreated Heavy ParaffinicDistillate (Petroleum)

64742547 Yes

Hydrotreated Light PetroleumDistillates

64742478 Yes

Isobutane 75285 Yes

Isohexane 107835 Yes

Isopropyl Alcohol 67630 Yes Yes 3.20e+03

Kerosene (fuel oil #1) 8008206 Yes

Light Aromatic Solvent Naphtha 64742956 Yes

d-Limonene 5989275 Yes

Medium Aliphatic Solvent Naphtha 64742887 Yes

Methanol 67561 Yes Yes 2.80e+04 6.20e+02

Methyl Chloroform(1,1,1-Trichloroethane)

71556 Yes 6.80e+04 3.20e+02

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) 78933 Yes Yes 1.30e+04 1.00e+03

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 108101 Yes Yes

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URF 5 AREL 6 CREL 7

4-Methyl-2-Pentanol(Methyl Amyl Alcohol )

108112 Yes

n-Methyl Pyrrolidone 872504 Yes

Methylene Chloride 75092 Yes 1.00e-06 1.40e+04 3.00e+03

Mineral Oil 8012951 Yes

Mineral Spirits; Stoddard Solv.;Petroleum Distillates

8052413 Yes

Monochlorotoluene 25168052 Yes

Monoethanolamine 141435 Yes

Monoisopropylbiphenols 25640782 Yes

Morpholine 110918 Yes

Naphtha (Benzin) 8030306 Yes

Naphthalene 91203 Yes Yes 1.40e+01

Nonane 111842 Yes

Nonionic Surfactant NP4/NP9(p-Nonylphenol PolyethyleneGlycol Ether)

26027383 Yes

9-Octadecenoic Acid(2)-Ammonium Salt

544605 Yes

Octylphenolpolyethoxylate 9004879 Yes

Oleic Acid 112801 Yes

Perchloroethylene 127184 Yes 5.90e-06 2.00e+04 3.50e+01

Petroleum Products Liquified GasSweetened

68476868 Yes

Primary Alcohol Ethoxylate 68131395 Yes

Propane 74986 Yes

Propane/ Isobutane/ n-Butane 68476857 Yes

2-Propanol Titanate 546689 Yes

Propylene Glycol 5131668 Yes

G-4



URF 5 AREL 6 CREL 7

Propylene Glycol MonomethylEther (Glycol Ether)

107982 Yes 2.00e+03

Propylene Glycol T-Butyl Ether 57018527 Yes

Sodium Benzoate 532321

Sodium Metasilicate 10213793

Tergitol np-40(Nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol)

9016459 Yes

tert-Butyl Alcohol (inhibitor) 75650 Yes Yes

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 7320345

Toluene 108883 Yes Yes 3.70e+04 4.00e+02

Trichloroethylene 79016 Yes Yes 2.00e-06 6.40e+02

1,2,4 Trimethylbezene 95636 Yes Yes

Trimethylbenzene 25551137 Yes

Water 7732185

Xylene 1330207 Yes Yes 2.20e+04 3.00e+02 1. Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number. 2. Volatile Organic Compound as defined in the Glossary (Appendix I). 3. Substances identified as Toxic Air Contaminants by the Air Resources Board, pursuant to the provisions of AB 1807 and AB 2728, including hazardous air pollutants listed in the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (ARB, 1996). 4. Substances which are being evaluated for review as a Toxic Air Contaminant (ARB, 1996). 5. AB 2588 Hot Spots Unit Risk and Cancer Potency Values (OEHHA, 1999b). 6. Acute Reference Exposure Levels (RELs) (OEHHA, 1999a). 7. Noncancer Reference Exposure Levels (Chronic) (CAPCOA, 1993).

G-5

REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX G

ARB, 1996. “Toxic Air Contaminant Identification List.” California Air Resources Board. June 1996.

OEHHA, 1999a. Part I The Determination of Acute Reference Exposure Levels for AirborneToxicants, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), March 1999.

OEHHA, 1999b. Part II Technical Support Document for Describing Available Cancer PotencyFactors, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), April 1999.

CAPCOA, 1993. CAPCOA Air Toxics “Hot Spots” Program Revised 1992 Risk AssessmentGuidelines, Toxics Committee of the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association(CAPCOA), October 1993.

U.S. EPA, 1996. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Washington , D.C., 1996.

Appendix H

Examples of Manufacturer Efficacy Claimsfor Non-Chlorinated Products

Note: mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement orrecommendation for use.

Appendix I

Glossary

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Appendix I. Glossary

Acute Exposure: One or a series of short-term exposures generally lasting less than 24 hours.

Air Dispersion A mathematical model or computer simulation used to estimate theModel: concentration of toxic air pollutants at specific locations as a result of

mixing in the atmosphere.

Airborne Toxic Section 39655 of the Health and Safety Code, defines an“Airborne Toxic Control Measure: Control Measure” means either of the following:

1) Recommended methods, and, where appropriate, a range of methods,that reduce, avoid, or eliminate the emissions of a toxic air contaminant. Airborne toxic control measures include, but are not limited to, emissionlimitations, control technologies, the use of operational and maintenanceconditions, closed system engineering, design equipment, or work practicestandards, and the reduction, avoidance, or elimination of emissionsthrough process changes, substitution of materials, or other modifications.2) Emission standards adopted by the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency pursuant to Section 112 of the federal act (42 U.S.C. Sec. 7412).

AMR Activities: means any service, repair, restoration, or modification activity to a motorvehicle in which cleaning or degreasing products could be used including,but not limited to, brake work, engine work, machining operations, andgeneral degreasing of engines, motor vehicles, parts, or tools.

AMR Facilities: means any entity or entities that repairs, rebuilds, reconditions, services, ormaintains in any way, motor vehicles. “Facility” includes entities requiredto be registered by the California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureauof Automotive Repair, and entities that service or repair a fleet of ten ormore motor vehicles. “Facility” does not include private residences orentities that are involved only in motor vehicle body work or painting.

Cancer Risk: The theoretical probability of contracting cancer when exposed for alifetime to a given concentration of a substance usually calculated as anupper confidence limit. The maximum estimated risk may be presented asthe number of chances in a million of contracting cancer.

Chlorinated means an automotive consumer product (brake cleaner, carburetor cleaner, Automotive engine degreaser, or general purpose degreaser) that containsConsumer Product: perchloroethylene (Perc), methylene chloride (MeCl), or trichloroethylene

(TCE).

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Chronic Exposure: Long-term exposure usually lasting from one year to a lifetime.

Hazardous Air Means a substance that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has Pollutant or HAP: listed in, or pursuant to, Section 112 subsection (b) of the federal Clean

Air Act Amendments of 1990 (42 U.S. Code, Section 7412(b)).

Hazard Index: The ratio of the concentration of a toxic pollutant with non-cancer healtheffects and the reference exposure level for that pollutant.

Health Risk A comprehensive analysis of the dispersion of hazardous substances in theAssessment (HRA): environment, the potential for human exposure, and a quantitative

assessment of both individual and population-wide health impactsassociated with the level of exposure.

Inhalation An estimate, derived by the U.S. EPA (with an uncertainty spanningReference perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the humanConcentration (RfC): population, (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without

appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime of exposure. TheRfC is derived from a no or lowest observed adverse effect level fromhuman or animal exposures, to which uncertainty or “safety” factors areapplied.

MEIR: Maximum exposed individual resident. The residential receptor locationthat receives the estimated maximum exposure from a facility’s emissionsrelative to other residential locations.

MEIW: Maximum exposed individual worker. The off-site industrial orcommercial location that receives the estimated maximum exposure froma facility’s emissions relative to other industrial or commercial locations. This receptor is a subset of non-residential receptors.

Near Source The location closest to a facility where concentrations could be estimatedLocation: through air dispersion modeling.

Non-cancer Risk: Refers to non-cancer health effects due to acute and/or chronic exposure. This may be illustrated as an estimate of the hazard index or total hazardindex (by endpoint) resulting from exposure to toxic air pollutants.

Non-Residential A receptor that is not residentially located. This category could include Location: receptors at off-site industrial locations, at on-site locations of public

access for acute exposure, or employees at sensitive receptor locations,including but not limited to, schools, hospitals, and care facilities.

I-3

Reference Exposure These are used as indicators of potential non-cancer adverse health effects. Level (REL): An REL is a concentration level at or below which no adverse health

effects are anticipated. RELs are designed to protect most sensitive individuals in the population by including safety factors in their development.

Risk: The possibility of injury or disease, which may result from exposure totoxic air pollutants.

Scientific Review A nine-member panel appointed to advise the Air Resources BoardPanel on Toxic Air and the Department of Pesticide Regulation in their evaluation of theContaminants (SRP): adverse health effects toxicity of substances being evaluated as Toxic Air

Contaminants.

Toxic Air Section 39655 of the Health and Safety Code, defines a TAC as an airContaminant (TAC) pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an

increase in serious illness, or which may pose a present or potential hazardto human health. A substance that is listed as a hazardous air pollutantpursuant to subsection (b) of Section 112 of the federal act (42 U.S.C.Sec. 7412(b)) is a TAC. TACs that are pesticides are regulated in theirpesticidal use by the Department of Pesticide Regulation.

Total Hazard Index: The sum of hazard indices for pollutants with non-cancer health effectsthat have the same or similar adverse health effects (endpoints).

Unit Risk Factor: The estimated upper-confidence limit (usually 95%) probability of a(URF): person contracting cancer as a result of a constant exposure to 1µg/m3 of a

substance over a 70-year lifetime.

Volatile Organic Means any compound containing at least one atom of carbon, excluding Compound (VOC): carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or

carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, and excluding the following:(1) methane, methylene chloride (dichloromethane), 1,1,1-trichloroethane(methyl chloroform), trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11),dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane(CFC-113), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114),chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22),1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123),1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane(HCFC-142b), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124),trifluoromethane (HFC-23), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134),1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125),1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), cyclic,

I-4

branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes, the following classesof perfluorocarbons: (A) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinatedalkanes; (B) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers withno unsaturations; (C) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinatedtertiary amines with no unsaturations; and (D) sulfur-containingperfluorocarbons with no unsaturations and with the sulfur bonds tocarbon and fluorine, and (2) the following low-reactive organiccompounds which have been exempted by the U.S. EPA: acetone, ethane,methyl acetate, parachlorobenzotrifluoride(1-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl benzene), perchloroethylene(tetrachloroethylene).

I-5

Acronyms

AB Assembly BillARB Air Resources BoardAMR Activities Automotive Maintenance and Repair ActivitiesAMR Facilities Automotive Maintenance and Repair FacilitiesAPCD Air Pollution Control DistrictAQMD Air Quality Management DistrictATCM Airborne Toxic Control MeasureBAR California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Automotive RepairCal/OSHA California Occupational Safety and Health ActDHS California Departent of Health ServicesDistricts Local Air Pollution Control and Air Quality Management DistrictsDOF California Department of FinanceDTSC California Department of Toxics Substances ControlHAP Hazardous Air PollutantHSC Health and Safety CodeIARC International Agency for Research on CancerOEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment MeCl Methylene Chloride (dichloromethane)MEIR Maximum Exposed Individual ResidentMEIW Maximum Exposed Individual WorkerMSDS Material Safety Data SheetPerc Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene)PMI Point of Maximum ImpactRfC Reference ConcentrationRfD Reference DoseREL Reference Exposure LevelSB Senate BillSRP Scientific Review Panel on Toxic Air ContaminantsTAC Toxic Air ContaminantTCA 1,1,1-TrichloroethaneTCE TrichloroethyleneURF Unit Risk FactorU.S. EPA United States Environmental Protection AgencyVOC Volatile Organic Compound

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