air studio pages part a

AIR STUDIOABPL30048 2014 SM2Yilin Wang 634076

ABPL30048 Studio AIr Yilin Wang 634076


Table of Contents

Introduction 01 - 02

PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION

A.1. Design Futuring 03 - 06A.2 . Design Computation 07 - 12A.3. Composition/Generation 13 - 18A.4. Conclusion 19A.5. Learning outcomes A.6. Appendix- Algorithmic Sketches 20Part A Reference 21 - 22


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I am Yilin and I am currently undertaking my second year studying Architecture within the Bachelor of Environments at The University of Melbourne.

I was born in Shanghai, China. After 17, I came to Melbourne and transfer to a high school in Melbourne. I think that’s the biggest decision in my life and became a turning point. I am really interested in drawing and painting. The things I enjoy most in my life are design, art, film and travel.

When I study in high school, I was really confused that what course I should choose and I was really hesitate between urban planning and architecture. Then I ask myself, if I don'y do architecture, would I be regretful about it? The answer is yes.

INTRODUCTION


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Although architecture is a hard job, I still have a great passion on it. Also, I am really interested in different types of buildings. I hope I can get improved through the studio, both on digital skills and ideology.

I don't have background about Rhino and Grasshopper. I think that's really a challenge for me. Now I am trying to be familiar with it and learning Grasshopper at the same time. In Designing environments and earth studio, I did all assignment by hand drawing. I really need to improve my digital skills on design and I believe that it will help me to improve the appearance of design and let people get more understanding of it.

[1]

1. N.A, Spatial Awareness, Pio Studio, (2010) <http://piostudio.com/spatial-awareness/> [accessed 2nd July 2014]

PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION


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A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

"Answering the 'design futuring' question actually requires having a clear sense of what design needs to be mobilized for or against.

Even more significantly, it means changing our thinking, then how and what we design. Equally, it also requirs understanding that the 'dialectic of sustainment' is another basic feature of being human." [2]

[3] "Solaris",LAGI competition 2010

Precedent 1. SolariS


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The design on the right is called "Solaris". It is one of the entry in 2010 LAGI competition. “Solaris” is a sculptural art installation comprised of hundreds of photovoltaic panels arranged in the pattern of a familiar cultural ornamental decoration for Site #2 in Abu Dhabi between Yas and Saadiyat Islands.

In this design, it came up with the sustainable and renewable energy. As the location is in Abu Dhabi, it has great condition of weather. The photovoltaic panels are set along the coastline and that could make sure the panels could absorb maximum sunlight without shelters.

Adequate sunlight will make sure the photovoltaic panels work properly. The site is proximity to the airport and the site offers an opportunity to showcase a design from an aerial vantage point.

2. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg)3. Oleg Lobykin, Solaris, Land art generator initiative, (2010)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI2010/o414k4/#> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

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Precedent 2. adaPtive MutationS


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I really interested in the concept of this design. It come up with the idea that design consideration should be evolved, just like life forms in nature envoled to their surroundings. The design is highly involved into the environment around it and provide different useful functions. First, it involved in renewable energy. The photovoltaic panels on the exterior surfaces collect sunlight that is fed directly to the city grid, while also being partially diverted to the local LED's imbedded in the tips of each module creating a glowing plastic membrane at night. Not only provides lighting at night for the park, but also for other electrical consumption.

The design on the right is called “Adaptive Mutations”. It is one of the entry in 2012 LAGI competition that I’ve chosen. Adaptive Mutations is a design predicated on the fact that nature exists not in stasis, but in perpetual f lux.

The design is located in Freshkills Park inhabitant. As considering the needs of the location, It provides both shading and seating.

Top view of "Adaptive Mutations", LAGI competition 2012

4~5. Joseph Sarafian Adaptive Mutations, Land art generator initiative,

Night view of "Adaptive Mutations", LAGI competition 2012

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Overall, this kind of design which involves functional, pritical and aesthetic should continue being appreciated. Especially in some places where lack of land, this kind of design should be advocated. Also, it would bring such new ideology to the society, instigate people to think of a new way of living and contribute to their site and their inhabitants.

Second, it combines different functions. As the design is located in park, people should have the places for leisure. The photovoltaic panels are not only for collecting solar energy, but also provide shading.Seating elements are also be provided.

Third, it considered different factors about the actural location. By reducing the wind force and considering more public access, the structure is designed in a linear path, held taught by a combination of interior steel tension cables and the design's collective curvature.

Nowadays, more and more people start using computer for designing and various of design software are provided for designers. Different software and technology provided designers more options and possibilities to create and express their ideas. Also, It integrated into design process gradually.

Parametric design as a facility for the control of topological relationships enables the creation and modulation of the differentiation of the elements of a design.[6] Digital morphogenesis is the edge of theory in relationship to emerging digital design and technology. In ancient times, arbiters began their designs with eyes. The first step they did was observing. But nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, before doing the design, people could get inspiration from environmental, genetic morphology etc.

Parametric design is considered as a design tool, also regarded as a technical method to build methods on computer. The famous architect Zaha Hadid also interested in creation of parametric shapes. She created an installation last year. The installation is a fully Wahlbergthat reacts to the visitors’ movements by changing shape and expression. The installation is a dark rectangle shape, including four walls, floor and ceiling. A glowing and flexible membrane could moves up and down. The shape of membrane is dynamic because thousands of light could control the movement of membrane. [7]This creates an almost dreamy, yet tangible experience related to the architectural language that Zaha Hadid is known for.

Precedent 3. ParaMetric SPace

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A.2 . DESIGN COMPUTATION

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6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

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Figure 8 - 11: Parametric Space, Zaha Hadid, Kollision, CAVI and Wahlberg


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[10]

6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

Precedent 4. recycled MaterialS cottage


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The modeling of material is the other technology. The modeling of material as a tectonic system has provided a powerful paradigm for material design in architecture as well as for the per formative design of material systems. [12]This process make material get involved in the design of architecture. It gives architects opportunity to digitally create and understanding the material realm.

With this technology, material is again in the purview, knowledge sphere and institutional control of the architect.[13] Nowadays, with the environmental protection awareness, sustainability and recycle of material became more and more important.

Juan Luis Martínez Nahuel has found new uses for building elements from other architectural projects in his Recycled Materials Cottage in Chile.[14]The design used materials from demolished buildings such as glazing, eucalyptus and parquet floors as surface. Steel and laminated beams are from exhibit. By using the modeling of material, designers could be aware about which material is suitable for the building, and simulate a computing model to see the different effect by using different materials.

Analysing problems, setting goals, devising actions that might accom plish them, evaluating the efficacy of these actions, and communicating with others involved in the process is what designers do. [15] With the computing design technology, designers could have more possibilities and space for creation. People could try and simulate different design projects in low budget and avoid mistakes and loss. They changed the way people do the design and make people think more creatively.

12~13 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)(2012)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI-2012/jk598vb2/> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]14. Taylor Metcalf, Recycling+Building Materials, Arch daily, published on 7,Aug, 2011, < http://www.archdaily.com/155549/recyclingbuilding-materials/> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]15 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)

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Figure 16 - 21: Recycled Materials Cottage, Chile, Juan Luis Martínez Nahuel


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16~21. Coby Hounjet , Recycled Materials Cottage, HUH, 2011, < http://www.huhmagazine.co.uk/1999/recycled-materials-cottage> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]


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A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION

Figure 22. Sustainable hothouse, Fenmark, Mollevejen, C.F. Moller Architects, 201222. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]23. Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

Precedent 5. SuStainable HotHouSe


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In recent decades, with the development of computing technology and software, algorithmic thinking, parametric modelling and scripting cultures became more and more popular. These new technology really changed architecture from composition to generation. Although there are many benefits by using computing design, the defects are also existing.

There are various of benefits of parametric design. Nowadays, more and more inputs could be accepted by parametric models. In one projects, there are millions of possibilities. Computers could simulate different situations such as how natural lighting could be maximized, the height of ceiling heights, the way a structure is heated and cooled[23].

Figure 22. Sustainable hothouse, Fenmark, Mollevejen, C.F. Moller Architects, 2012

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The second point is that, with parametric technology, the buildings could be designed more environmentally sustainable[25]. It could help designers to find the most suitable solution for the project. The current industry standard for energy efficiency is LEED—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Drought-tolerant plants, efficient heating, ventilation, air-conditioning systems could apply for LEED certification[26].

The sustainable hothouse located in Fenmark, Mollevejen is an example for it. It is designed by C.F. Moller Architects, constructed in 2012 within 3300 squares meter[27]. The hothouse is designed in semi sphere shape, involved in sustainable design, new materials and advanced computer technology to create the hothouse in organic form. Architects use computing technology to create different forms, structures to ensure that the form and energy consumption interact in the best possible manner and make optimal use of sunlight. The dome shape could make sure that format gives the smallest surface area but coupled with the largest volume to create more space efficiently.

Everything has two sides. Alarmingly undisciplined results might happen in parametric programs even in experienced hands[29]. The 2010 Guangzhou Opera House by Zaha Hadid has many problems about construction details. Also, the messy and irregular layout break the rule of traditional opera. With parametric design, the designers might focus on playing with the forms than the implication of the structure itself.

Algorithmic thinking means taking on an interpretive role to understand the results of the generating code, knowing how to modify the code to explore new options, and speculating on further design potentials. [30]When problems occurs, designer writes program to solve the problems. Also, designers will adjust and modify the program to make the program be perfect. That's sketching by algorithm[31]. With algorithmic thinking and computing, architecture could get more experiment for simulate the building performance , get improved and innovated. Also, It will help architectures to create more responsive designs and help them to make most appropriate decisions during design process.

[24] [28] Figure 24: Floor plan of the sustainable hothouse Figure 28: Interior view of the sustainable hothouse

24, 27,28. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]25, 26.Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]29. Witold, Rybczynski, Hon. FAIA, Lost Amid the Algorithms, Architect, published on 11, July, 2013, < http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/parametric-design-lost-amid-the-algorithms.aspx> [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]30,31. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,2,pp. 08-15

Generative Design, in particular, an algorithmic approach, is an efficient, rigorous, controllable, and flexible tool that allows, with reduced time and effort, the production of several different models to explore design variations addressing different types of change[32]. Briefly, It’s not about design the building, It’s about to design a system and let computer to do the design, not people. Algorithmic systems, shaped grammars and Lindenmayer Systems are all generative design.

Algorithmic system need data, components and rules to intent. The rules written by human means actions. During the design process, designers need to structure their thinking to give orders to computer with clear logic. An algorithm may be either iterative or recursive. Recursive algorithms are those that repeatedly refer to themselves until a specific condition is met. The strength of recursion lies in the ability to solve complex problems with simple solutions. [33]

Embedded project is one of the design to use algorithmic system. It was located in Beijing during Olympic Games in 2008. The surface of it is consists of triangles and the pattern of it is irregular. The original shape is based on triangle. Like paper folding, the triangle is divided to create more triangles in different shape and size. In this installation, recursion algorithm is an important role to do the creation. Also, the generated digital data (the three-dimensional architectural models) are embedded into the Google Earth projections. Hence the installation design is virtually-embedded within its own physical, architectural manifestation.[34]

Precedent 5. eMbedded Project

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[35] Figure 35: Embedded Project, HDD_Fun, Beijing, 2008

Figure 36: Generation of Embedded Project

Figure 37: Facade of Embedded Project


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[36]

32,33. Rita Margarida, Serra Fernandes,(2013) ‘Generative Design: a new stage in the design process’, Tecnio Lisboa. <https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395145541718/Generative%20Design%20a%20new%20stage%20in%20the%20design%20process%20-%20Rita%20Fernandes-%20n%C2%BA%2058759.pdf>34. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]

Figure 38: Night View of Embedded project


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35~38. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]

[38]

Figure 38: Night View of Embedded project


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A.4. CONCLUSION

In Part A, I chose most of the precedents as environmentally and renewable. In my opinion, sustainable architecture is a necessary trend. The balance between architecture and environment became more and more important.

I intended to combine them together to achieve win-win situation. At the same time, aesthetics of architecture should be kept. Renewable energy should be used as maximized such as solar energy and wind energy. Recycled materials should also be involved. This could avoid waste of resources efficiently. Not only for environmental protection, but also for saving the constructing budget. Green architecture should absolutely be advocate and generalize.

A.5. LEARNING OUTCOMES

Through Part A, I realized what is computing design and how different design tools help architecture to achieve successful designs. At the beginning of the semester, I just have a little experience of Sketch Up. By learning Rhino and combined with Grasshopper, I realized that it's really different with traditional design.

Parametric design, Modeling of material, algorithmic thinking, scripting cultures, Shaped Grammas, Lindenmayer Systems are all design tools that can be involved in architectural design. By using different digital technology, designers could simulate different appearance, environment situation, facade of architecture, use of material, structure and calculation of construction. Computing design became more and more generative and indispensable.

In my pervious designs, I just use pencil and paper to do it. By learning Grasshopper, I could try different forms and make different matrix to decide most appropriate design. This really improved my design technology, way of thinking, efficiency and convenience of design.


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A.6. APPENDIx- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

Through these weeks, I started to use Grasshopper and rhino to create some forms and structures. I haven't use grasshopper before and that's a new start for me. Grasshopper is not like traditional design, for me, it's much more like computer programming. To create an structure or a form, you need to set inputs, give different orders to computer and link them together. It's a challenge for me and difficult to understand and familiar with each order at the beginning.

Through 3 weeks' training and watching the videos on LMS, I preliminary understand the operation of the grasshopper and tried to develop and play with different forms and structures.The first picture is from week 2's tutorial. By using loft to consist of the curves, mutilation and move an object along, cylinders are created on the loft in different directions and height.The second picture is from tutorial 3. It simulate the facade of RMIT University on Swanston street. With grasshopper, the color and number of each triangle can be exchange randomly.


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PART A. REFERENCE LIST

1. N.A, Spatial Awareness, Pio Studio, (2010) <http://piostudio.com/spatial-awareness/> [accessed 2nd July 2014]

2. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg)

3. Oleg Lobykin, Solaris, Land art generator initiative, (2010)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI2010/o414k4/#> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

4~5. Joseph Sarafian Adaptive Mutations, Land art generator initiative, (2012)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI-2012/jk598vb2/> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)

7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

12~13 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)

14. Taylor Metcalf, Recycling+Building Materials, Arch daily, published on 7,Aug, 2011, < http://www.archdaily.com/155549/recyclingbuilding-materials/> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

15 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)

16~21. Coby Hounjet , Recycled Materials Cottage, HUH, 2011, < http://www.huhmagazine.co.uk/1999/recycled-materials-cottage> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

22,24, 27,28. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]

23, 25, 26.Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

29. Witold, Rybczynski, Hon. FAIA, Lost Amid the Algorithms, Architect, published on 11, July, 2013, < http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/parametric-design-lost-amid-the-algorithms.aspx> [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]


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30,31. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,2,pp. 08-15

32,33. Rita Margarida, Serra Fernandes,(2013) ‘Generative Design: a new stage in the design process’, Tecnio Lisboa. <https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395145541718/Generative%20Design%20a%20new%20stage%20in%20the%20design%20process%20-%20Rita%20Fernandes-%20n%C2%BA%2058759.pdf>

34~38. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]


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air studio pages part a

Documents

design futuringanswering

design needs

appearance of design

design computation

design futuring question

earth studio

pio studio

sm2yilin wang