Air to Water Heat PumpIntroduction

Air to Water Heat Pump

• Split System• Monobloc• DHW• Solar Thermal

Introduce an electric hydronic system that heats and cools the space, and can supply domestic hot water.

Eco-efficient air-to-water heat pump hydronic system.

Introduced in Europe in 2005, a unique combination using existing technology.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to ATW Heat Pump

2. System Layout and Applications

3. Balance Point Strategies

4. Programming for Energy Savings

Drivers to a Changing Heating Market

• The Heating Market is Changing– Energy prices : ever rising prices of fossil fuels due to

increasing demand and reduced availability– Ecological concern : efforts to reduce emmissions of

green house gases and energy consumption– Changing legislations, incentives : to support the drive

towards major changes in energy consumption habits for the purpose of achieving ecological targets in an effort to slow down, stop or even reverse climate change.

With DAIKIN ALTHERMA product, DAIKIN has entered the true HEATING market

High Temp. ：

Radiator

Water heating marketProduct differention

１． Savings on running costs by high COP compared with Gas/Oil boilers2. Friendly for the environment3 ． Differentiation with cooling function against boilers

Low temp ：

Floor heating

In 2006 DAIKIN entered the EU-heating market using an air to water heatpumpIn 2009, Daikin AC will launch this technology in the U.S

＜ Initial U.S.Target market ＞

1 Savings on running costs

3 Easy installation

- No need for chimney- No need for fuel storage tank- No need for connection to gas supply

2 Environmently friendly

-40% compared to fuel boilers

-25% compared to gas boilers

60 % savings on CO2-emissions

Enter the LOW temperature heating market by development of an HFC-based H/P

Mainly new houses

Heat source market:

Enter the HIGH temperature heating market by using a Cascade System (R-410A to R-134). Orignally a CO2-based H/P was going to be used. Issues with high operating pressures ruled this option out at this time.

Mainly refurbishment

DAIKIN original strategy:

Capitalize on initial product scope to strengthen opportunity in wider heat pump market with HT solutions

30 to 50°C86 to 122°F

50 to 80°C122 to 176°F

NW

NW NECold Region

Heat Pump acceptableCheap Electricity

Rebate Opportunities

Hydronic Heat CommonHybrid Altherma or G/FRebate Opportunities

2009

2010

 Typical conditions for the heating LWT are: 86 to 95°F (at design conditions) for floor heating86 to 113°F (at design conditions) for fan coil units and104 to 122°F (at design conditions) for low temperature radiators Typical conditions for cooling LWT are: 41 to 71°F (at design conditions) for fan coil unit 

Selection conditions

TOTAL CONCEPT FOR CLIMATE CONTROL IN RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS

coolingheating Domestic hot water

3 functions: Unique concept in the EU market

“All-thermal” functions embedded: heating, domestic hot water, cooling = all year comfortOr“Alternative thermal” system, friendly for the environment, using renewable energy sources

Main product functions

Why an ATW Heat Pump

Benefits for the End-User• General

– Only one energy supply needed (single invoice)– Comfortable heating system

• Compared to gas/oil– No risk for gas or oil leaks, no risk for CO contamination– Improved installation possibilities (no combustion ventilation, no

combustion exhaust gas evacuation, no oil storage)– Possibility of cooling

• Compared to direct electrical heating– Efficiency 2 to 4 times higher– More capacity available for same power input

• Compared to geothermal heat pumps– No expensive drilling or excavation works, small installation

footprint outdoors

ATW Heat Pump Overview

Daikin Altherma™ - THE 3 IN 1 GUARANTEE – FOR ABSOLUTE COMFORT

Daikin Altherma™ is a unigue system that heats, produces domestic hot water and can even cool spaces. Altherma™ offers maximum year round comfort.

The air/water heat pump is an interesting alternative for classic gas or fuel oil heating that offer unique benefits:

Uses renewable energy sources (extracts heat from outside air)Delivers considerable savings in energy costsDelivers a significant contribution in the fight against CO2 emissionsProvide heating, cooling and domestic hot water

Outdoor Heat Pump Indoor Unit (Hydro Box)

Solar KitDomestic Hot Water Tank

User Interface

Room Thermostat

Floor heatingWater temp: 30~35°C~40

86~95°F~104

Ideal concept for a new houseDaikin Altherma Split Type Overview

Size of house:

HE / (CO) (*)

HE / CO

Solar kit =

interface between solar panel and Altherma domestic hot water tank

Domestic hot water tank

Stainless steel

3 sizes: 150, 200, 300 l(40, 53, 79 gallon)

(*) floor cooling has limited capacity (approx 20 W/m²)

HYBRID system in combination with ALTHERMA

120 to 180 m²1292 to 1938 ft²

Hydro-Box

Solar Kit

Outdoor Unit

blank

Domestic Hot Water Tank

Daikin Altherma LT Monobloc Overview

Solar collectors

Room thermostat

Fan coil unit

Under floor heating

Outdoor unit Domestic hot water tank

LT radiator

Comparison LT Split – LT Monobloc

Altherma LT Split Altherma LT Monobloc

Heat pump typeOutdoor (compressor) + Indoor (hydronic parts)

Outdoor only (compressor and hydronic parts combined)

R-410A refrigerant piping

Between outdoor unit and indoor unit

Inside the outdoor unit

H2O piping Between indoor unit and heating emitters

Between outdoor unit and heating emitters

T ambient77°F/25°C

-4°F/-20°C

Heating mode

77°F/25°C 122°F/50°C

Hydrobox Leaving Water Temperature

T ambient109°F/43°C

59°F/15°C

Cooling mode

45°F/7°C 68°F/20°C

Hydrobox Leaving Water Temperature

T ambient

95°F/35°C

-4°F/-20°C

Sanitary mode

77°F/25°C 194°F/90°C

Sanitary Tank Outlet Temperature

109°F/43°C

122°F/50°C

Boosterheater

Operating range

Return water

Leaving water from Heat pump

Domestic hot water tank design

• Optimal placement of:

1. Heat exchanger,2. Temperature sensor

&3. Booster heater

• Control strategy

– Next slide

Sensor

BoosterHeater

Heat Exchanger

DHW tank maximizes energy savings & warm water capacity

Domestic hot water control strategy• DHW priority setting can be adjusted• Powerful DHW mode : both heat pump and booster heater are

in operation for quick hot water preparation• Booster heater control :

– Adjustable delay timer : allow heat pump to heat up the water as high as possible (118.4 -122°F) before operating the booster heater

– Booster heater priority : simultaneous operation of back-up heater and booster heater can be disabled, booster heater has priority

– Scheduled timer : booster heater operation can be controlled by scheduled timer

• Comfort settings : – Max DHW running time : maximum continuous operation in DHW mode

(to avoid cooldown of rooms)– Anti-recycling time : minimum time between two successive DHW

operations (to allow recovery of temperature in heated rooms)• Thermal disinfection mode

– Heat up the tank daily / weekly to avoid bacteria infection (default setting 158°F)

Domestic hot water recovery times

Daikin Altherma™ DHW Recovery Times (minutes)

Capacity BTUH 50 gal (220 l) Tank 80 gal (300 l) Tank

(036) 36000 55 89

20 Minute Booster Heater Delay 48 74

(036) 46,000 w/Booster Heater (3kW) 43 70

(048) 48000 45 6520 Minute Booster Heater Delay 37 59

(048) 58,000 w/Booster Heater (3kW) 34 55

(054) 54000 37 5920 Minute Booster Heater Delay 34 53

(054) 64,000 w/Booster Heater (3kW) 31 51

Recovery times based on 80°F/44.5°C ΔT

Booster heater delay default setting is minimum 20 minutes (Maximum is 95 minutes)

Static Recovery Times (47°F/8°C outdoor ambient)

ATW Heat Pump Technology

Heat generation by heat pumps

No heat “generation”, only move heat from the outside to the inside.

Heat pump principle

Comp

Eva

po

rato

r

Co

nd

enser

Expansion valve

Electric power

No heat “generation”, only move heat from the outside to the inside.

Heat Pump ConceptCapture heat from the outside air and transfer it to the inside of the building.

Example:48,000 BTU heat pump will use 27.97 amps @ full load

ERLQ048/ EKHBX054Producing 50,700 BTU of heat @ 54ºF/12°C outdoor w/ 113° LWC

( 44.8 kBTU at 45ºF/7°C outdoors) ( ( 31.6 kBTU at 19ºF/-7°C outdoors) 65.8% of Rated Capacity

Electric heat of 51,182 BTU or a 15kW heat strip@ 230 volts would consume 65 amps

Electric Heat uses 2.33 times the power

Which is more efficient, Creating the heat energy or just bring it inside???

CO2 emissions - 0

Compressor Technology

DC – Digitally Commutated Inverter Drive

Multiple Step Control Standard HVAC system

1 to 2 stages of capacity Uses mechanical unloading techniques

VRV uses inverter technology Electronic inverter varies compressor rotational speed in steps

50% 100% 52~210HzCompressor capacity Applied frequency

Lo

ad

Lo

ad

Unloader, Two Speed orTwo Compressors

Unloader, Two Speed orTwo Compressors

Multi-Step Control PrincipleMulti-Step Control Principle

Other Inverter Benefits Very low startup amperage No locked rotor amps No stress on windings or compressor frame No “light flicker” Lubrication of bearings increases before speed

increases System pressures increase gradually reducing noise

and stress on piping Quiet compressor startup Idea for backup generator and photo voltaic solar

applications

No heat “generation”, only move heat from the outside to the inside.

Inrush Current

Altherma Inverter

NonInverter

Current

Time

Running Current

Rush Current

Current

Time

Running Current

When starting up, Inverter raises frequency smoothly, eliminating the rush current.

5 to 6 times RLA

0 amps

132 amps

22 amps

31.9 amps ?

4 amps

0 amps

Balance Point Strategies• Mono-Valent• Mono-Energetic• Bi-Valent

System Applications

Covered by heatpump

Hours

100%

Heatpump capacity

Spare heatpump capacity

Coldest day of the year

Mono-valent (heatpump only)

Hea

ting

requ

irem

ent

Heat pump

Hydro box

Radiators/ floor heating

Equilibrium point

Covered by heatpumpCovered by back up heater

90%

10%

Hours

Spare heatpump capacity

Heatpump capacity

Coldest day of the yearH

eatin

g r

eq

uir

em

ent

Mono-energetic (heatpump + heater)

Back up heater*

Heat pump

Hydro box

Radiators/ floor heating

Back up heater is only used below the equilibrium point

*Back up heater is mounted inside the hydro box

100% Heat pump coverage : selection of bigger capacity and

higher investment cost heat pump

Best balance between investment cost and running cost, results in

lowest Lifecycle Cost

Mono-Valent Mono-Energetic

Ideal for New Construction Ideal for New Construction

System Applications

Bi-Valent

Ideal for Refurbishment/UpgradeSpace Heating with an Auxiliary Boiler

1. Space heating application by either the Daikin Altherma Hydrobox or by an Auxiliary boiler connected in the system.

2. An auxiliary contact decides whether the Hydrobox or the boiler will operate.

3. The auxiliary contact can be an outdoor temperature thermostat, an electricity tariff contact, a manually operated contact etc.

4. Domestic Hot Water in such an application is always produced by the System Tank connected to the Hydrobox, including when the boiler is in operation for space heating.

ATW Heat Pump Application /Installation

Requirements

Installation Requirements• Distance between outdoor and hydro-box

(Outdoor & Monobloc).• Distances related to water pipe installation

(Outdoor & Monobloc).• Refrigerant piping (Outdoor).• Attention points on the water circuit.• Installation Examples

Installation Requirements

To avoid big temperature change when switching from sanitary to cooling ( hot

draft)

To guarantee a minimum temperature difference between outlet PHE and inlet

tank

*Standard minimum 16.4 ft. With factory

charge

10 ft if recharging outdoor is performed.

ERLQ036, 048, 054BAVJU (Outdoor)

246 ft

10 ft*

98.4 ft

10 ft

32.8 ft

39.4 ft in length.

Installation Requirements

To avoid big temperature change when switching from DHW to cooling ( hot draft)

10 ft

32.8 ft

To guarantee a minimum temperature difference between outlet PHE and inlet DHW tank

Installation Requirements Required Oil Trap ERLQ036, 048, 054BAVJU

Caution: Requirements for a trap

• Trap installation spacing. A Outdoor unitB Indoor unitC Gas pipingD Liquid pipingE Oil trapH Install trap at each difference in height of 10 m

Install trap at each difference in height of 32.8 ft is required.

Oil trap is not necessary when the outdoor unit is installed in a higher position than the indoor unit.

Since there is a possibility of oil held inside the riser piping flowing back into the compressor when stopped and causing liquid compression phenomenon.

Installation Requirements Refrigerant Piping Size & Additional Refrigerant Charging

ERLQ036, 048, 054BAVJU ~ EKHBH/EKHBX054BA3/6VJU

Installation Requirements

Water Circuit

Installation of shut-off valves at inlet and outlet of hydro-box. Installation of drain valves at the lowest placesAir vents at the highest levelAll field piping must withstand the water pressure

Water volume

Minimum water volume– Heating only model: 5.3 gals.– Heating / Cooling model: 5.3 gals.

ERLQ036, 048, 054AVJU + EKHB/EKHX054BA3/6VJU EDLQ/EBLW036,048,054A6VJU

ATW Heat Pump Interface Control

Heating/Cooling on/off

Space heating operationSpace cooling operation

DHW heating operation

Silent mode operation

Weather depending control

Temperature setpoint adjusment

DHW water temperature setpoint adjusment

Compressor on symbol

Pump on symbol

Booster heater symbolBack up heater symbol

Controller reference

Remote Controller

Thank you for your attention

Questions?