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ArotrainFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the article about the passenger train consist built by General Motors Electro-Motive Divisio

seeAerotrain (GM).

The Arotrain was a hovercrafttrain developed

in France from 1965 to 1977. The lead engineer

was Jean Bertin.

The goal of the Arotrain was similar to that of

the magnetic levitation train: to suspend the

train above the tracks so the only resistance is

that of air resistance. Consequently, the

Arotrain could travel at very high speeds with

reasonable energy consumption and noise

levels, but without the technical complexity and

expensive tracks of magnetic levitation. This

project was abandoned in 1977 due to lack of

funding, the death of Jean Bertin, and the

adoption of TGV by the French government as

its high-speed ground transport solution.

Test Tracks

The track for most Arotrains are ferroconcretemonorail in an upside-down T shape. To date, all tra

were built and used for experimental purposes. The first test track was build in February1966 in

Gometz-le-Chtel, Essonne, France, for aerotrains 01 and 02, re-using an abandonned railway path

track was 6.7km long. The track is still visible today, partially demolished for urban expansion, in a

state for most of the remains. A section was kept and restored on a memorial roundabout in Gome

secondtrack made of aluminum and asphalt was built in 1969 for aerotrain prototype S44 in Gome

Chtel, build just meters away and parallel to the first track. The aluminium guide rail was disposed

after the tests, the rest of the asphalt track was kept intact and converted into a pedestrian path in

and 2009. A 18km elevated track was build in 1969 Loiret, France, north from Orlans, stretching

between Saran and Ruan, with the main facility platform located in Chevilly. The Orlans test track

build to test Arotrain prototypes I80-250 and I80-HV. The Orlans test track became a famous

Arotrain prototype #02

Contents

1 Test Tracks

2 Arotrain prototypes

3 Time Line

4 Comparison with TGV4.1 Advantages of TGV

4.2 Advantages of Arotrain

5 The American Arotrain

6 The British Arotrain

7 References

8 See also

9 External links

Coordinates: 48.02833N 1.8843

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landmark subject to cosmetic disputes after the end of the Arotrain programme.

Arotrain prototypes

Six prototypes were built: 01, 02 (shown in picture), S44, I-80, I-80 HV and the Rohr Industries

prototype. I-80 was a full-size 80-passenger car running on 18km of track. It established the world

speed record for overland air cushion vehicles on March 5, 1974 with a mean speed of 417.6 km/h

(259.5mph) and a peak speed of 430.4km/h (267.45 mph). The Rohr Industries prototype was buil

under the Bertin Arotrain licence in the USA. Arotrain prototypes were equipped and tested with

variants in the propulsion system: aircraft propeller for arotrain prototype 01, custom blade pitch

propeller for arotrain prototype I80-250, gas turbine for arotrains prototypes 02 and I80-HV, electr

Linear Induction Motor (linear motor) for arotrains prototypes S44 and Rohr.

Time Line

1963: Jean Bertin presents a 1/12th scale model, 1.4meters in length, to the public authorities

to SNCF.

15 April1965: creation of the Socit dtude de lArotrain(Company for the study of the Arot

16 December1965: completion of the construction of Arotrain 01, a 1/2 scale prototype, whichcarry four passengers and two crew. It is propelled by a propeller powered by a 260horsepower

(190kW) aircraft engine. The air cushion is maintained by two 50horsepower (37kW) compres

It is 10.1meters long with a weight of 2.6 metric tons.

21 February1966: official inauguration in Seine-et-Oise (but now in Essonne) of the 6.7km trial

for Arotrain 01 between Gometz-le-Chtel and Limours (on the abandoned easement of the Pa

Chartres via Gallardon line). That day, in front of the press, Arotrain 01 reaches 100km/h. Day

later it reaches 200km/h.

23December1966: with the addition of a rocket, giving a combined power of 1,700horsepower

(1,300kW), the Arotrain 01 reaches a speed of 303km/h.

1 November1967: the Arotrain 01 is equipped with a turboprop engine, reaching a speed of345km/h.[1]

1967: construction of Arotrain 02. It is powered by a JT12 turboprop from Pratt & Whitney.

22 January1969: Arotrain 02 reaches the record speed of 422km/h on the Gometz-le-Chtel t

track.[1]

1969: construction of an experimental 18km track between Ruan, to the north of Artenay, and S

(Orlans) in the Loiret. The track is elevated 5meters above the ground and is supported by pill

is built on an alignment that would allow it to be used in a future Paris-Orlans line. The alignme

allows speeds of 400km/h. It is equipped with a platform at each end of the line allowing the tur

of the arotrain and a central platform at Chevilly allowing the arotrain to be housed in a hangar

line, while abandoned, still exists today, and is clearly visible to the east of RN20 and the ParisOrlans railway line.

1969: construction the Arotrain I80. This vehicle is 25.6metres long, 3.2metres wide, 3.3met

high, weighs 11.25 metric tons empty and has 80 passenger seats. It is propelled by twin Turbo

Turmo III E3 turbines powering a ducted propeller, 2.3meters in diameter, with seven blades. A

Turmastazou 14 turbo engine powers the air compressors (six horizontal for the support and six

vertical for guidance). Braking is typically provided by reverse thrust of the propeller, and in

emergencies by a friction brake on the central rail. External noise is 90-95 dBA at 65yards (59

1969: construction of the Arotrain S44, a version designed for suburban transport (links betwee

centres and airports) with electric propulsion. It is equipped with a Merlin-Grin linear motor and

designed for a speed of 200km/h.

7 March1970: release of a postage stamp honoring the arotrain.

1973: Realisation of a hi h s eed version of the Arotrain I80 the I80HV Haute Vitesse . This v

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is powered by a JT8 D11 turbofan from Pratt & Whitney.

1974: The government abandons the project for the construction of an arotrain line between the

and Roissy airports.

5 March1974: The Arotrain I80 breaks the land speed record for rail vehicles for air cushioned

vehicle at 430.4km/h.

September, 1975: Announcement of a TGV line to be constructed between Paris and Lyon.

21 December1975: Jean Bertin dies.

1977: The project is abandoned.

July, 2004: The memory of the trials on the Gometz line is memorialized by the dedication of a

roundabout in Gometz and a sculpture by Georges Saulterre representing the Arotrain.

Comparison with TGV

The arotrain was abandoned by the French government in favour of TGV . A short comparison is giv

below.

Advantages of TGV

Unlike arotrain, TGV could use existing rail lines in metropolitan areas. Arotrain would haverequired new lines, easements and stations in metropolitan areas.

As developed, the arotrain had much lower capacity.

After the first oil shock[disambiguation needed], the chemical propulsion used by the Arotrain I80

would be too costly, thus requiring propulsion by electric linear motor. This may have been muc

more expensive than the wheel based propulsion used by TGV.

The rail world was totally unfamiliar with the technology used by the arotrain.

Advantages of Arotrain

Less pressure on track, with possible lower construction and maintenance costs.

Less friction, with possible lower energy requirements.

Less noise, because it had no wheels and transmitted less vibration to the track.[1]

It should be noted that arotrain shares these advantages and disadvantages with the magnetic lev

train and thus may have been a competitor where maglev has been used.

The American Arotrain

In 1970, Rohr Industries decided to develop an arotrain as part of a project by the Urban Mass Tra

Administration to sponsor development of new mass transit technology to meet future transit

requirements.

The Rohr prototype arotrain was propelled by linear motor and was designed to carry 60 passenge

150mph (240km/h). It had a length of 94ft (28m) and an empty weight of 46,000 pounds (20.8 me

tons).

A test track was built in Pueblo, Colorado, where the prototype reached speeds of 145mph (const

by the length of track). Funding from UMTA ceased and the Rohr Industries Arotrain was never

commercialized.

Both Grumman and Garrett AiResearch also had prototypes (also known as tracked air cushion ve

or TACVs) running and work on them was also stopped when UMTA funding ceased in the 1970s.

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Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3)tax-deductiblenonprofitcha

Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers

The British Arotrain

In Britain a similar technology was developed under the name of tracked hovercraftor hovertrain, m

by Eric Laithwaite However, this development effort did not get as far as the arotrain technology. T

was an attempt to build a test track but this failed due to civil engineering problems [1] .

References

1.^a

b

c

d

Roy McLeavy, ed. "Socit de L'Aerotrain, France". Jane's Surface SkimmersHovercraft and Hydrofoils. Jane's Yearbooks, London. pp.pp. 144-148.

"Coming: Streamliners Without Wheels." by John Volpe. Popular Science, December 1969. p. 5

Article on tracked air cushion vehicle (a.k.a. aerotrains) research in the U.S.

See also

Ground effect train

N500 Naviplane

Transrapid 03

External links

Arotrain photo library and forum

Arotrain and Naviplanes

SHONNER Studios: The Rohr Aerotrain Tracked Air-Cushion Vehicle

Aero-Train ~ a high-speed traffic system of zero emission~

Categories: High-speed trains | Alternatives to conventional railways

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