airah nsw rev2

AIRAH ( NSW ) presentationAIRAH ( NSW ) presentationTo efficiency and beyond

COP=7

COP 6(6.50)(>7.0)Chiller COP trend

COP=6

COP=5

COP=4

1970 1980 1990 2000 20101970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Recent gains through cycle efficiency

Since 1980, average chiller efficiency has improved over 35%, despite using less efficient refrigerants.

Johnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

• Significant gains in full load efficiency through advances in g g y gheat exchanger, compressor, motor, and cycle efficiencies.

• The biggest single gain however has been in part load efficiency with the adoption of the variable speed drive.

MotorRectifier InverterDCL

Supply

L1

L2

L3

M3

U1

V1

WC U

V1 V3 V5

V4 V6 V2

Monitoring ControlControl electronics

Control, monitor, and communication


Over 30 years of VSD technology development for chillers

( )Generation 5 (2010s)

Generation 4 (2000s)

Generation 3 (1990s)

Generation 2 (1986)

Si ifi i i iGeneration 1 (1979)

Significant innovation in VSD technology since 1979


Real World Energy Performance99% of the timeCapitalizing on ‘off‐design’ conditions –99% of the time

LoweringLowering Condenser Water Condenser Water TemperatureTemperaturePressure

Lowers the LiftLowers the Lift

C

Condenser

Lift E i

Reduces Compressor WorkReduces Compressor WorkEvaporator

CompressorLift Expansion

Enthalpy

Reduces Energy Reduces Energy ConsumptionConsumption

Direct Indirect


Variable Speed Drives save energy and reduce noise

Constant Speed

Variable Speed

5Johnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

Variable Speed DrivesLow Voltage Liquid Cooled Unit Mounted VSDLow Voltage Liquid Cooled Unit Mounted VSD

YMC²Magnetic VSD Centrifugal

YVAAl d CentrifugalVSD Screw air cooled

415VYK

Open VSD Centrifugal

YVWAVSD Screw water cooled


Variable Speed DrivesMedium Voltage (MV) VSDMedium Voltage (MV) VSD

3.3 kV & 6.6 kV

YKVSD Open Centrifugal

YK ‐EPVSD Open Centrifugal

11 kV

with Economizer


The Purpose of Variable Speed Drives

Starts & stops the motor

Significantly reduces inrush current to < than full load ampsSignificantly reduces inrush current to < than full load amps

Corrects power factor close to unity

Reduces utility demand charge

Regulates compressor speed to provide the most efficient g p p pchiller operation, reducing part load energy consumption


Low inrush current with VSD < 100% FLA


Superior power factorp p

0.98 power factor VSD with active IEEE electronic filter0.95 power factor (std VSD)

power factor non VSD (fixed speed)


100 KW

PF = 0.86

actual work

Consumed energy to59 KVAR

116 KVA

Consumed energy to generate magnetic fieldtotal energy

provided from supply

100 KW actual work

33 KVAR105 KVA

PF = 0.95total energy provided from supply

Consumed energy to generate magnetic field

100 KW20 KVAR

102 KVAPF = 0.98total energy

provided f l

Consumed energy to generate magnetic field

actual work

0from supply

11

what power factor meansJohnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

C i t AHRI d ‘ li f’

Why VSD ? ‐ Comparative Energy Performance

VSDVSD

Comparison at AHRI condenser ‘relief’

No VSDNo VSD% Load ECWT100 29.5

%SAVED‐1.0

COP6.17

COP6.11

LWT6.7

90 27.280 25.070 22 8

2.28.716 2

6.737.147 42

6.897.828 86

6.76.76 770 22.8

60 20.650 18.3

16.225.933.0

7.427.597.65

8.8610.2411.42

6.76.76.7

40 18.3 30 18.3

36.438.5

7.116.36

11.1710.34

6.76.76.7

20 18.3 15 18.3

44.145.0

5.174.41

9.268.01

6.76.7

Significant savings ….and with more possibleJohnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

Unit Mounted Low l S lid S SVoltage Solid State Starter

Unit Mounted LowUnit Mounted Low Voltage Variable Speed

Drive Johnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

BIN WEATHER DATA – SYDNEY AUSTRALIA

temperature bin canberra melbourne adelaide perth sydney brisbane cairnsdeg F deg C HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB105-109 40.6- 42.8 6 21.7100 104 37 8 40 1 20 1 21 7 27 21 1 2 22 2 4 22 2 3 23 3 3 25100-104 37.8- 40 1 20 1 21.7 27 21.1 2 22.2 4 22.2 3 23.3 3 2595-99 35- 37.2 17 19.4 12 21.1 55 20 17 21.1 6 21.1 15 22.2 14 25.690-94 32.2- 34.4 50 18.9 22 20.6 116 19.4 42 21.1 18 20.6 131 23.3 94 25.685-89 29.4- 31.7 112 17.8 50 20 215 18.3 14 20.6 40 21.1 643 21.7 781 2580 84 26 7 28 9 193 17 2 96 18 9 313 17 8 37 21 1 158 20 6 1374 20 6 1620 23 380-84 26.7-28.9 193 17.2 96 18.9 313 17.8 37 21.1 158 20.6 1374 20.6 1620 23.375-79 23.9- 26.1 332 16.1 160 18.3 477 16.7 151 20.6 618 20.1 1744 18.9 2513 22.270-74 21.1-23.3 480 15.6 276 17.2 696 15.6 612 20.1 1493 18.3 1814 16.7 1984 20.165-69 18.3- 20.6 725 14.4 485 16.7 1013 14.4 1478 18.3 1975 16.1 1307 14.4 1163 17.860-64 15.6- 17.8 1096 13.3 958 15.1 1495 12.8 1966 16.1 1772 13.9 913 12.2 344 15.655-59 12.8- 15 1316 11.1 1650 13.3 1852 11.1 1764 13.9 1383 11.1 484 9.4 107 12.850-54 10- 12.2 1307 8.9 1938 11.1 1522 9.4 1384 11.1 852 8.9 223 7.2 23 10.145-49 7.2- 9.4 1160 6.7 1776 8.9 702 7.8 853 8.9 397 6.7 65 5.1 2 7.840-44 4.4-6.7 859 4.4 930 7.2 218 5.6 396 6.7 38 5.1 11 2.835-39 1.7- 3.9 547 2.2 277 5.1 38 2.8 38 5.1 1 1.1 0.630-34 (1.1) - 1.1 307 0.1 50 2.8 1 0.6 125-29 (3.9)-(1.7) 137 -2.8 420-24 (6.7)-(4.4) 27 -5.1 0.615-19 (9.4)-(7.2) 1 -7.2 26% annual operating hours > 16.1 C wb (AHRI )

60% annual operating hours = 16.1 C ‐ 11.1 C wbIntegrated economizer mode

14% annual operating hours <11.1 C wbJohnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

Chiller58% Chiller

33%Fans43%43%

Tower5%

Fans24%

Pumps13%

Pumps22%

Tower2%

Design Performance Annual Energy Usage

A historical focus on chiller full load efficiency [COP/EER]Increased focus today on‐1 Chiller part load efficiency [IPLV]1. Chiller part load efficiency [IPLV]2. Reduction of air and water ‘transport’ energy

“System” level optimization


y p

Variable primary flowVariable primary flow Energy based staging

Large delta TSeries chillersSeries counter‐flowSeries counter flow

Chiller Plant Optimization


Chiller COP=16.9 !Metasys screenshot of YK VSD chiller installed on jobsite


Cooling load 516 kWrMetasys screenshot of tower at same chiller load

Total fan energy 3.8 kWJohnson Controls ‐ Proprietary & Confidential

8.6An instantaneous delivered plant COP of 8.6 !!

Chiller Input 30 kWChw Pumps 8 5 kWChw Pumps 8.5 kWCondenser Pump 18 kWTower Fans 3.8 kWPlant COP = 516/ 60 3 = 8 6Plant COP = 516/ 60.3 = 8.6


Efficiency breakthrough – low lift magnetic VSD chillers

+ 8% COP+ 8% COP+ 13% IPLV


Air-Cooled Variable Speed Screw ChillerYVAA Series % load Ambient COP

YVAA 0345EXV50 (1175 kWr)

1009080

35.031.728.3

3.23.64.280

706050

28.325.021.718.3

4.24.85.46.3

403020

15.012.812.8

7.69.37.6

YVAA Key Technology Elementsy gy

Hybrid Falling Variable Speed Variable Speed Micro‐channel Variable Speed Film Evaporator Drive Screw Compressor Condenser Coils Fans

VSD technology offers huge efficiency i ith i l d hill


gains with air cooled chillers

To efficiency and beyondTo efficiency and beyond

High EfficiencyVSD chillers

Design to minimize‘transport’ energy

System level control optimization

22


airah nsw rev2

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