Aircraft Emergency Evacuation Study Aircraft Emergency Evacuation Study with Injured Passengerswith Injured Passengers

Hae Chang Gea

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA

Program Manager: Dr. Mac McLean, FAA, CAMI

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 2

Aircraft Emergency Evacuation

A full scale test is… risky, costly, time consuming and inconsistent.

Simulations can… study what-if scenarios and hazardous conditions; better understanding of the entire evacuation process.

I. Grouped Passenger Behaviors During Emergency Evacuation (Cabin Safety I: 10:30-11:00AM)

II. Aircraft Emergency Evacuation Study with Injured Passengers (Cabin Safety II: 2:30-3:00PM)

III. Computer Simulations on Interior Access Vehicles for Emergency Evacuation (Cabin Safety II: 4:30-5:00PM)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 3

Injured Passengers

Injured Passengers We are referring to all passengers who move in slower speed than

regular passengers. Examples: injured passengers, disabled passengers, and passengers

need special assistant.

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 4

Outline

1. Injured Passengers with Random Seating Single Aisle Vehicle Double Aisle Vehicle

2. Injured Passenger with Assigned Seating Single Aisle Vehicle Double Aisle Vehicle

3. Accidental Injury during Emergency Evacuation Single Aisle Vehicle Double Aisle Vehicle

4. Conclusions

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 5

Randomly Seated Injured Passengers on

Single Aisle Vehicle

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 6

Injured Passengers (Single-Aisle Vehicle)

Type C Type 3 Type C

Regular Passengers (Including Fast, Medium, and Slow Speeds)

Injured Passengers (Very Slow)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 7

Single Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of the last injured passenger with different moving speed

under random seating assignment.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Number of Injured Passengers

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 8

Single Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of the last regular passenger with different moving speed

under random seating assignment.

Time Costs of Last Injured Passenger

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Number of Injured Passengers

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 9

Single Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of all passengers with different moving speed under

random seating assignment.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Time Costs of Last Injured Passenger

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Number of Injured Passengers

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 10

Randomly Seated Injured Passengers on

Double Aisle Vehicle

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 11

Injured Passengers (Double-Aisle Vehicle)

Type A Type A

Type 3

Regular Passengers (Including Fast, Medium, and Slow Speeds)

Injured Passengers (Very Slow)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 12

Double Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of the last injured passenger with different moving speed

under random seating assignment.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Number of Injured Passengers

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 13

Double Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of the last regular passenger with different moving speed

under random seating assignment.

Time Costs of Last Injured Passenger

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Number of Injured Passengers

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 14

Double Aisle Vehicle (Random Seating) Exit time of all passengers with different moving speed under

random seating assignment.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Time Costs of Last Injured Passenger

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Number of Injured Passengers

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 15

Comparison of Various Number of Injured Passengers

1 2 3 4 5

Number of Injured PassengersSingle-Aisle

Double-Aisle

Speed

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Baseline = 68.3 sec

0.4 0.3 0

.2 0.4 0

.3 0.2

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 16

Assigned Seating of

Single Injured Passenger on

Single Aisle Vehicle

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 17

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat. Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 18

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 19

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 20

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 21

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 22

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3) Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 23

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 24

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 25

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 26

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 27

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Comparison of evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an assigned seat.

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 28

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Comparison of evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 29

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Comparison of evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 30

Comparisons of the Worst Case

0.2 0.3 0.4 Single-

AisleSpeed of Injured Passenger

Baselines

Worst Cases with Injuries

68.3 sec

14.18% 3.01% -0.35%

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 31

Assigned Seating of

Single Injured Passenger on

Double Aisle Vehicle

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 32

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 33

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 34

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 35

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.2) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.2

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 36

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 37

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3)

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 38

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.3) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.3

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 39

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an

assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Seat Assignment

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 40

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of the last regular passenger when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 41

Seat Test: Single Injured Passenger (S=0.4) Evacuation time of all passengers when the single injured passenger

is placed in an assigned seat.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Injured Passenger Speed = 0.4

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 42

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Comparison of evacuation time of the injured passenger who is placed in an assigned seat.

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 43

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

) Comparison of evacuation time of the last regular passenger when

the single injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 44

Comparisons of Evacuation Time

Speed = 0.2

Speed = 0.3

Speed = 0.4

Seat Assignment

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

) Comparison of evacuation time of all passengers when the single

injured passenger is placed in an assigned seat.

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 45

Comparison of Individual Injured Passenger

0.2 0.3 0.4 Single-

Aisle

Double-

Aisle

Speed of Injured Passenger Vehicle Type

Baselines

Worst Cases with Injuries

85.8 sec

68.3 sec13.87% 2.53% -0.16%

14.18% 3.01% -0.35%

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 46

Comparison of Individual Injured Passenger

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 47

Accidental Injury during Evacuation

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 48

Accidental Injury (Single-Aisle Vehicle)

Type C Type 3 Type C

Regular Passenger (Including Fast, Medium, and Slow Speeds)

Injured Passenger (Very Slow, Speed = 0.2)

Location of Accidental Injury

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 49

Accidental Injury (Single-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of the injured passenger under different settings.

Worst Case for Injured Passenger

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 50

Accidental Injury (Single-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of the last regular passenger under different settings.

Worst Case for Injured Passenger

Worst Case for Regular Passenger

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 51

Accidental Injury (Single-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of all passengers under different settings.

Worst Case for Regular PassengerWorst Case for Injured Passenger

Baseline = 68.3 sec

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 52

Accidental Injury (Double-Aisle Vehicle)

Type A Type A

Type 3

Regular Passenger (Including Fast, Medium, and Slow Speeds)

Injured Passenger (Very Slow, Speed = 0.2)

Location of Accidental Injury

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 53

Accidental Injury (Double-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of the injured passenger under different settings.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Worst Location for Early Accident Worst Location for Later Accident

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 54

Accidental Injury (Double-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of the last regular passenger under different settings.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Worst Location for Early Accident Worst Location for Later Accident

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 55

Accidental Injury (Double-Aisle Vehicle)

Exit time of all passengers under different settings.

Baseline = 85.8 sec

Worst Location for Later AccidentWorst Location for Early Accident

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 56

Comparison of Accidentally Injured Passenger

5 10 15 20Time of Accidental InjuriesSingle-

Aisle

Double-

Aisle

Vehicl

e Type

Baselines

Worst Cases with Accidental Injuries

85.8 sec

68.3 sec

7.9% 9.2% 7.6% 7.4%

12.5% 13.5% 13.4% 14.1%

Exi

t T

ime

(sec

)

Oct. 26, 2010 P. 57

Conclusions

The overall evacuation time increases as the number of injured passengers increases.

From the worst case of seating study, the injured passenger should avoid the seats which are around 4-5 rows behind the middle exits. This may increase the overall evacuation time by 14%. This applies to both single aisle vehicle and double aisle vehicle.

Accidental injury will the overall evacuation time. The location of injury places a significant role whereas the timing of injury is not very relevant.

From the worst case study of accidental injury, the impact of the overall evacuation time of single aisle vehicle is much more than that of double aisle vehicle.