aircraft handling part 6 general flying. aircraftservicingplatform 2 22 taxiway general flying...
TRANSCRIPT
AIRCRAFT HANDLING
Part 6
General Flying
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TAXIWAY
General Flying
Before taxiing onto the runway a pilot must:
Complete his Vital Actions
Receive permission from the controller
Check that the approach is clear
Test the flying controls for motion & response
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TAXIWAY
General Flying
Taxiing for take-off, the pilot stops at the Holding Point,
a white line across the taxiway,
From here the pilot has a good view of the runway and final approach.
Holding Position & Holding Board
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TAXIWAY
General Flying
At the holding point, light aircraft pilots turn their aircraft
about 45 degrees into wind, to complete their pre take-off checks.
Holding Position & Holding Board
Wind
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TAXIWAY
General FlyingClose to the runway holding positionis the runway controller’s caravan.
His duty is to scrutinize aircraft about to take-off, checking for signs of danger
such as loose panels, fuel leaks, oil leaks, and hydraulic leaks.
Holding Position & Holding Board
Wind
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TAXIWAY
Take OffsWind is a crucial factor affecting take-off,
and take-off is normally made into the wind.
As the aircraft lines up, any headwind along the runway
will serve to shorten the take-off run.
Wind
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TAXIWAY
Take OffsA 20 knot headwind along the runway
will be indicated as 20 kts on the aircraft’s
airspeed indicator (ASI).
20kt wind
Take Offs
G/S = 0ktsIAS = 0kts
G/S = 80ktsIAS = 80kts
1 minute
500ft
G/S = 90ktsIAS = 90kts
G/S = 0ktsIAS = 20kts
G/S = 60ktsIAS = 80kts
1 minute
500ft
G/S = 90ktsIAS = 70kts20kt wind
No wind
Wind velocity produces a steeper angle of climb after becoming airborne.
Take OffsThe length of the take-off run depends on:
All-up weight More weight means more lift,
which means more speed gained by increasing run up.
Amount of flap Higher co-efficient of lift enables the aircraft
to take off at a lower Indicated Air Speed (IAS)
Engine power Greater thrust means faster take off.
Runway gradient Uphill = less acceleration = longer take-off.
Take OffsThe length of the take-off run depends on:
Runway surface Moisture, mud, grass, pot holes,
all increase friction, decrease acceleration & increase take off.
Air temperature High air temp reduces the air density
reducing lift at a given airspeed. Thrust can be reduced by
4%- 5% per 5ºC above 15ºC.
Airfield elevation Reduced air density at
altitude increases the length of take-off.
The Circuit
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Wind
The Circuit
Downwind leg
‘Dead’ sideTake off Finals
Aircraft may be taking offand completing the circuit to practice landings.
To reduce congestion and risk of collision,aircraft should enter the circuit in a planned
and systematic manner.
The Circuit
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Wind
Downwind leg
‘Dead’ side
The pilot approaches the airfield, looking-out for other aircraft.
After clearance, he will join overheadat a minimum height of 1000 ft
above circuit height.
The Circuit
The Circuit
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Wind
Downwind leg
The pilot lets down on the ‘dead’ sidein a wide curve,
to reach the start of the downwind leg at circuit height.
The Circuit
‘Dead’ side
The Circuit
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Wind
Downwind leg
Pre-landing checks are completed on the DOWNWIND leg
The Circuit
‘Dead’ side
The Circuit
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Wind
Downwind leg
On approach, flaps are lowered to give a steeper descent for a set speed, a lower stalling speed and a better view
over the nose of the aircraft.
The Circuit
‘Dead’ sideFinals
The Circuit
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Wind
Downwind leg
It must be remembered on approach that when the throttle is opened,
a jet engine does not respond as quickly as a piston engine.
The Circuit
‘Dead’ sideFinals
The Landing
To land the aircraft the pilot changes the descending path of the approach
to one level with, and just above, the ground.
This is known as the ‘round out’.
Runway
The Landing
The aircraft is then flown parallel to the ground,
with increasing angle of attack and falling airspeed,
until touchdown.
This is known as the‘hold-off’ or ‘float’.
Runway
The Landing
Landing a nose-wheel aircraft, the nose-wheel should be held off the ground
until after the main wheels touch.
Runway
The Landing
With tail wheel aircraft, all three wheels should touch the ground together
– a three point touchdown.
Runway
What do light aircraft normally do at the runway holding point?
Stop heading along the taxiway
Turn downwind
Turn into the wind
Shut down their engines
Check of Understanding
If an aircraft is positioned ready for take-off and the headwind is 30 kts,
what will be indicated on the ASI?
30 kts
Zero
20 kts
60 kts
Check of Understanding
What is the opposite side of an aerodrome's downwind side known as?
Approach side
Dead side
Finals side
Upwind side
Check of Understanding
When the throttle of a jet engine is opened the engine responds:
Slower if the temperature is higher
Slower than a piston engine
Faster than a piston engine
The same as a piston engine
Check of Understanding
In the landing phase, What is the point called where the pilot
changes the descending path of the approach to one level with, and just above,
the ground is called:
The round-up
The hold-up
The round-out
The hold-off
Check of Understanding
In the landing phasewhat is the period in which the aircraft
is flown parallel to the ground with increasing angle of attack and
falling airspeed to the touchdown point called?
The hold-off or float
The touch point or float
The float point or touch
The hold-up or float
Check of Understanding
When landing a nose-wheel aircraft when should the nose-wheel
touch the ground?
After the main wheels
Behind the main wheels
With the main wheels
Before the main wheels
Check of Understanding
AIRCRAFT HANDLING
End of Presentation