aircraft handling part 8 aircraft emergencies. emergencies emergencies can occur in flight at any...
TRANSCRIPT
AIRCRAFT HANDLING
Part 8
Aircraft Emergencies
Emergencies
Emergencies can occur in flight at any time
and without warning.
Therefore it is vital that all aircrew
have a full knowledge of distress action,
so that their response to any emergency
is swift and thorough.
Emergency Transmissions
Two degrees of aircraft emergency are recognised internationally:
Urgency and Distress
Urgency – a message concerning the safety of persons or the aircraft.
Distress – the aircraft is threatened by serious or imminent danger
and is in need of immediate assistance.
Emergency TransmissionsThe pilot communicates with ATC by
Radio Telephony - Wireless Telegraphy
Each emergency message having itsown pro-word and pro-sign to alert ATC:
Urgency R/T – ‘Pan, Pan, Pan’W/T – XXX XXX XXX
Distress R/T – ‘Mayday, Mayday, Mayday’
W/T – SOS SOS SOS
Emergency TransmissionsThe emergency message should include
as much of the following information as possible:
(1) Position And Time(2) Heading And Air Speed(3) Altitude(4) Type of Aircraft(5) Nature of Emergency(6) Intentions of Captain(7) Endurance Remaining
PAT HAS ATNIE
Emergency Procedures
Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)is used to indicate an emergency.
Air Traffic Control give a four digit code which the pilot enters into an instrument
on the flight deck.
This code enables the aircraft to be positively identified
on the controllers radar screen (with the aircraft’s callsign and height readout).
Emergency Procedures
In the event of a total radio failure, the pilot will enter the code 7600
to alert ATC to the problem.
If an emergency occurs when in contact with an ATC agency,
the SSR code already set should remain in use
unless advised otherwise by ATC.
In all other cases the transpondershould be set to code 7700.
Emergency Procedures
Final Transmission
When ditching, crash landing or abandonment is imminent,
the aircraft callsign should be transmitted and,where possible,
the transmit control switch should be left in the transmit position.
For W/T
the key should be clamped in the transmit position.
Emergency Procedures
The pilot of an aircraft with radio problems can alert ATC by flying a triangular pattern.
If only the transmitterhas failed,
the pilot will fly an equilateral triangle
to the right.
Emergency Procedures
The pilot of an aircraft with radio problems can alert ATC by flying a triangular pattern.
If both the transmitter and receiver have failed,
he will fly an equilateral triangle
to the left.
Fixer ServicesWithin the U.K. a network of stations provide
an emergency fixer service.
If a pilot is in contact with an ATC agencywhen an emergency occurs,
he should transmit his emergency call on the frequency in use.
If not in contact, he should transmit the emergency call on 243.0 MHz.
with 121.5 MHz as a back-up frequency, or on the HF frequency of 500 KHz.
Fixer ServicesSearch and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
(SARSAT) is a satellite aided system
for search and rescue.
Inadvertent transmissions,particularly on 243 MHz,
should be reported immediately to the appropriate ATCC
in order to avoid wasting search and rescueeffort on false alarms.
Other Aircraft
Visual emergencies with other aircraft
Keep aircraft in sight
Guide in any other aircraft, vessels or vehicles
Contact ground controller
Captain to comply with special instructions from ground controller
Other AircraftRadio emergencies with other aircraft
Take bearing on transmission & plot position if possible
Listen out on appropriate frequencies
If no acknowledgement is heard, call aircraft
Listen out for instructions from ground control
At captains discretion, proceed to emergency location
Emergency Organisations
ATCC Distress & Diversion Cell
Aircraft in distress may make contact with an ATCC or ATCRU by:
transmitting an emergency message on the frequency in use,
transmitting on the emergency frequency
by a relay transmission from another aircraft,
by flying the triangular patterns.
Emergency Organisations
ATCC Distress & Diversion Cell
When the ATCC has identified an aircraft in distress,
executive authority for the handling of the emergency
is passed to the Emergency Controller
in the ATCC Distress and Diversion Cell.
Emergency Organisations
Search & Rescue Services
Emergency controller will advise the Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC)
(2 x RCC in UK, Plymouth & Edinburgh)
The RCC co-ordinates the activities of all SAR facilities which may include:
SAR helicopters, lifeboats, long range maritime patrol aircraft,
mountain rescue teams and police and ambulance services.
What are the two degrees of aircraft emergency which are internationally accepted?
Distress and Mayday
Distress and Urgency
Emergency and Distress
Urgency and Emergency
Check Understanding
In an aircraft distress message, what pro-word is used?
Emergency, Emergency, Emergency
Mayday, Mayday, Mayday
SOS SOS SOS
Pan, Pan, Pan
Check Understanding
When using secondary surveillance radar, what code indicates a total radio failure?
7400
7900
7600
7700
Check Understanding
What is the frequency 243 MHz used within the UK to provide?
A VHF emergency frequency
A UHF fixer service
An HF fixer service
An SSR emergency frequency
Check Understanding
What is the meaning of SARSAT?
Search and Recovery Satellite Aided Technology
Search and Recovery Satellite Aided Tracking.
Search and Rescue System and Technology.
Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking.
Check Understanding
If a pilot has a failed transmitter and receiver,in which direction should he fly
an equilateral triangle?
Clockwise
To the right
To the left
Right to left
Check Understanding
AIRCRAFT HANDLING
End of Presentation