airpollution & kyotoprotocol

8/7/2019 AirPollution & KyotoProtocol

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PREPARED BY: EL KHOBAR M. NAZECH


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Kyoto Protocol

How climate change will affect the world:

- The burning of fossil fuels and destruction offorests are expected to increase the earths

average temperature by up to 5 degrees C by

2100.

- This rise will create mores tress on Asias alreadyovertaxed environment and change the way we

live.


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Effect of Climate Change in Tropical Asia

Water Himalayan glaciers will melt, causingfloods. Silty runoff will contaminate watersupplies and clog hydro-electric plants.

Agriculture Rice yields will decline astemperatures increase. Farmers will bevulnerable to new pests and natural disasters.

Coastal zones Sea levels could rise by up to

one metre, flooding coastal cities and touristresorts, ruining water supplies and fishinggrounds.


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Effect of Climate Change in Tropical Asia (2)

Health Malaria, dengue fever and

schistosomiasis will move into new regions

on the margins of the current endemic

areas.

Adaptations Several million people will

be displaced. New crops will need to be

introduced to replace faltering riceproduction.


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What the World is Doing

In December 1997, world leaders met in

Kyoto, Japan, to develop a strategy for

controlling carbon dioxide and other

greenhouse gas emissions (methane,

nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,

perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride)

on global scale. This is not an easy task.


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Most of the current energy consumption is by

industrialized nations, and developing nationsargue that countries currently producing the

most CO2 should be required to produce the

largest part of the emissions reductions needed.

The developed countries argue that although

they are producing the most CO2, they are doing

this using highly energy-efficient manufacturing

processes. They produce the most CO2 becausethey are producing more goods.


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As the developing countries expand, theyargue, these countries must also

participate in the necessary CO2 emission

reductions and be required to move from

energy-wasting to energy-conservingprocesses. Current estimates indicate that

greenhouse gas emissions from

developing countries will surpass thosefrom industrialized countries before the

year 2000.


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Kyoto Protocol

After much discussion and bartering, theyagreed to give the 1992 Convention on

Climate Change some bite and adopted

the Kyoto Protocol. As part of the agreement, an overall goal

of reducing greenhouse gases by at least

5 percent below 1990 levels by 2010-2012

was set. Unfortunately, reductions do not

need to begin until 2008.


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The protocol commits developed countriesto achieving the following goals by 2012.

Developed nations have to reduce theircollective emissions of carbon dioxide andgreenhouse gasses by at least five

percent. There isnt, however, a penalty forcountries that exceed their targets.

The reduction requirement per countryvaried. Japan agreed to a 6 percent

reduction, while most European countrieswill be required to achieve 8 percentreductions.


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Governments must work together to

ensure developed nations dont damagethe economies of developing countries.

Saving the environment is expensive, so

countries that reduce emissions by morethan their target can sell their credits.

Countries can also benefit by financing

international projects.


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Who hasnt signed up

Australia

United States

Singapore Hong Kong

Macau (China agreed only to the

mainland)


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Developing countries objected any restrictions

and were exempted. There is a fear now thatcompanies in industrialized nations will movetheir operation to these developing countries toeliminate the need to reduce CO2 emissions. If

this occurs, the objective of the Kyoto Protocolwill have been defeated.

Because developing countries are not requiredto reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, and

because their industrial development iscontinuing to expand, it is likely that atmosphericCO2 levels will continue to rise, even withreductions by industrialized nations.


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Montreal Protocol

1989, the Montreal Protocol on

Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

81 nations agreed to phase out all use ofCFCs by the year 2000

Currently, 140 countries are parties in the

Montreal Protocol

[email protected]


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