airport demand1,capacity and slot allotment

7/28/2019 Airport Demand1,capacity and slot allotment.

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AirportDevelopment,

Capacity&SlotAllocati

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ByShyam Sunder Singh

AIRPORT DEMAND

PLANNING AIRPORT SCHEDULING

PLANNING EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

Today s Topics


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Background of Air Transport Growth

Air Transport Growth depends on Economic Development of a place.

As Economic Growth pattern has followed a dissimilar pattern betweendifferent continents as well as different areas within the boundaries of a

particular country growth of Airports/Air Transport Services also follows a

dissimilar pattern.

USA & Europe Encountered HIR traffic growth problems earlier and hence had

to develop solution to newly arising problem for which no solutions were

readily available.


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Factors Causing Rapid Growth

Technological Advancement

Larger Size of Aircraft

Growth in Developing Countries

International nature of business

Acceptance of Technically skilled personnel

Though Western Countries have been applying a variety of statistical

demography other mathematical modeling surveying and other techniques

in general the forcasts of traffic demand have often been found to be gross

over or under estimates


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Practice in India

However demand analysis however imperfect becomes necessary

for : Assisting manufacturers

Assisting airline effect acquisition & mix

Central govt. to plan Airports (Runway, Taxiway, Apron, Air routes,

Airspace, Terminals , Parking Stands)


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Conventional Methods of Forecasting Demand

Judgment

Expectation of experienced persons in airlines

Trend Extrapolation based of historical data

Econometric Models


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Capacity

CAPACITY IS RATE TO HANDLE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS.

Sometimes it an also be rate of passenger, baggage or vehicle operating

capacity. Throughput capacity: is ultimate rate at which aircraft operations may be

handled without regard to small delays that might occur due to imperfections in

operations or small random events.

Practical capacity: number of operations accommodated over time expressed in

terms of maximum acceptable average delay.

FAA uses practical hourly capacity and practical annual capacity.

Capacity is not constant but changes depending on operating conditions


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Factors Effecting Trend

Economic Factors (GNP reduce to particular areas)

Demographic Factors

Population

Urbanization

Education

Job Type

Labour Migration Flows

Visiting Friends & Relatives


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Supply Factors

Cost / Per KM

Regularity, Reliability, Frequency Comfort

Value of Price & Time Saved

Increase in size

Cost Input Factors (Fuel + Taxes)

Capacity Constraint

Fares

Environmental Regulation

Cargo


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Slot Allocation

Arrival / Departure time at Parking Stand

Ideally an airline should be free to plan its arrival & departure.

Many Places / Times Demand Exceeds capacity.Components of Airports Capacity

Runway Capacity Runway Beginning Connected

Exit Taxiways (Rapid Exit)

Same Direction Traffic

Runway Surface Conditions

Visibility

Unidirectional flow pattern

Type of Aircraft

Pilot Reaction Time

Frequency Congestion

Navigational & Surveillance aids

Parking Stand Capacity.

Terminal building Capacity.


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Need for Slot Allocation

Airline Perspective

Traffic demand.

Availability utilization.

Crew FDTL.

Time for ground handling.

Staff availability.

Maintain timely arrival departures.

Airport Operators / AIRLINE perspective

Spread slots evenly to avoid delay and passenger convenience.

Keep a good image of the airport.

To keep movements within available capacity.


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Mechanism of Delay

Take Hypothetical case

Capacity 30 movement / per hour

i.e. Movement interval = 2 min

If every aircraft is scheduled at interval of 2 minutes No delay to anybody

If all aircraft want to operate together

a) First Aircraft operates without delay

b) Last aircraft delayed for about an hour

In practice (a) becomes nearly impossible

Evenly spreading arrival departures results in minimization of delays


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Procedures for International Airlines

Proposed by scheduling deptt. of international airline.

Twice a year summer & winter schedules.

Proposals submitted to IATA Designated co-ordinator for India i.e, Air India.

Proposal discussed by schedule approval committee under Chairmanship ED

(ops) AAI.

Members from DGCA, BCAS, Immigration, Customers AIR INDIA and Indian

Airlines.

Airlines Requests normally accommodated is within airport capacity.

If not practicable alternate slots offered. Co-ordination for runway capacity of all Airports & Terminal and apron

capacity of Non Metro Airport done with ED (ATM) AAI.

Indira Gandhi (New Delhi), CST (Mumbai) HIAL & BIAL airport are with private

operators their view also taken into account.

Slots / Offers discussed in IATA schedule conference.

Subsequent requests for changes examined.

Subsequent changes are processed and along similar lines.

ED (ATM) is consulted by private airport operators for runway capacity.

IATA guidelines are being followed for domestic slot allocation also.


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Factors affecting Slot Allocation

Historicity.

Onward Connection.

Market demand.

Crew availability & FDTL.

Availability of aircraft.

Grand time of aircraft.

Govt. direction.

Weather Condition.

Restriction from defence for civil flights.

Manpower.

Slot offered by defence authorities by AAI and cleared if found acceptable.

Slot allocation conveyed to DGCA for acceptance of schedules.


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Slot Allocation Procedure for Domestic Airlines

File schedules with DGCA respective Airport operators and also to BCAS

AAI

IAF (IAF Airports) Indian Navy (Goa, Vizag, Portblair)

DIAL, MIAL, CIAL, BIAL, HIAL

Twice a Year

Examined with a view of complying Within available capacity

Watch hours

Security (CISF, State govt.)

Airports either approve or offer alternate timing

Approved & offered slope discussed in a meeting of all airlines DGCA,BCAS and various airport operators

Finalized proposals sent to DGCA for approval


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Causes for delays

Preference for METRO aircraft - one end always in METRO.

Early morning departure & Late night arrival.

Competition to operate at same time.

Mix of small & large aircraft.

Delay at one place has cascading effect.

Snags, operational, maintenance, crew availability, FDTL etc.

Weather.

Watch hrs constraints.

Airport connection from small cities.

Airport maintenance.

Limited availability of defense airport for civil flights.

Restrictions at defense airports.

Onward connection.

Long gestation period for infrastructure.

Bunching of flight as explained in mechanism for delays.


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airport demand1,capacity and slot allotment

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