aisb chapter 2

8/14/2019 AISB Chapter 2

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How does the CPU and its partsw rk?

A long time ago, processor wasmeasured in feet.

Today, computers are based onmicroprocessor less than 1centimeter square.

It may be difficult to visualize

components so tiny.


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The parts of the CPU

Is central unit

The brain of the computer

It follows the instruction of software(program) to manipulate data intoinformation.

Consist of two parts :

The control unit

The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)


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How Memory Works: RAM,R M M FL h

Memory chips are attached to themotherboard.

The four principal types of memorychips are RAM, ROM, CMOS, andFLASH.


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RAM

RAM (random access memory) chipshold Software instruction

Data before and after it is processed by theCPU

RAM is said to be volatile the contentsare lost when the power goes off or isturned off.

There are several types of RAM chipsare used in personal computers DRAM SDRAM


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How Cache works

Cache temporarily stores instructions anddata that the processor is likely to usefrequently. Thus, cache speed upprocessing.

Cache are not upgradable, it is set by thetype of processor purchase with the system.

There are three kind of cache ; Level 1 (L1) cache-part of the microprocessor

chip Build into the processor chip and called internal

cache.

Level 2 (L2) cache-not part of themicroprocessor chip


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Other methods of speeding up


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Port & Cables


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Specialized Expansion Ports


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Secondary Storage

Secondary storage hardware devicesthat permanently hold data andinformation as well as programs.

Types of secondary storage hardware ; Floppy disks and Zip disks Hard Disk Optical disks Magnetic tape Smart cards Flash memory Online secondary storage


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Floppy Disks & Zip Disks

Often called a diskette or simply adisk, is removable flat piece of Mylarplastic package in a 3.5 inch plastic

case. Data and program are stored on the

disks coating by means ofmagnetized spots, following standardon/off patterns of data representation(such as ASCII).

The lastic case rotects the M lar


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Zip Disk

One alternative to floppy disks isfloppy-disk cartridges higher-capacityremovable disks, such as ZIP disk.

ZIP disks are disks with a special highquality magnetic coating that have acapacity of 100, 250 or 750

megabytes.


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Hard Disks

Hard disks are thin but rigid metal,glass, or ceramic platters coveredwith a substance that allows data to

be held in form of magnetized spots. Storage capacities run to 250

gigabytes or more.

Hard disks speed in revolution perminutes (rpm) usually 5400-7200r m.


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Optical Disks : CDs & DVDs

An optical disks is a removable diskusually 4.75 inch in diameters andless than one-twentieth of an inch

thick, on which data is written andread through the use of laser beams.

Types : CD-R/ROM/RW

DVD-ROM/R/RW/RAM

Blu-Ray


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Magnetic Tape

Magnetic tape is thin plastic tapecoated with a substance that can bemagnetized.

Data is represented by magnetizedspots or non-magnetized spots.

Today it is used mainly for backup and

archiving. The tape store 200 gigabytes or higher

Types of magnetic tape commonly used


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Smart Cards

A smart card is look like credit card sbut has amicro processor and memory hips embedded init.

Smart card hold more information than

standard magnetic-strip credit cards about 8 40 megabytes of data, Different form of smart-card technology are

available : Ultra card = uses a magnetic strip of metal that is

drawn almost entirely out of the card by the driveand then is read, written to, and inserted backinside the card before the card is withdrawn fromthe drive.

Contact smart card = must be swiped through card


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Flash Memory

Or flash RAM cards are removablestorage media that are inserted intoa flash memory port in a digital

camera, handheld PC, Smartphone,or other mobile device.

Have no processor, and they are

useful only for storage.


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Online Secondary Storage

Allow you to use the internet to backupyour data. Some online storage are freeand others must e paid.

When you sign up, u are able to uploadany file that you wanted to be keep inthe online storage than after uploadingyou just can simply sign out.

Example : WWW.ATBACKUP.COM

www.connected.com
http://www.atbackup.com/http://www.connected.com/http://www.driveaway.com/http://www.connected.com/http://www.atbackup.com/

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