aitana tamayo [email protected]

Aitana Tamayo

[email protected] Ceramics and Glass Institute

CSIC

Madrid, Spain

A. Tamayo, M.A. Mazo, J. Rubio

MOTIVATION

19/05/2016 New developments in Silicon based ceramics for advanced solar

receivers 2

Requirements of a solar thermal volumetric receiver:

High solar absorption: dark color

Open 3D porous structure

High porosity and surface area

Temperature resistance up to 1200 0C

Thermal conductivity. High heat transfer

Low thermal gradients

Low cost

Long life span

Resistance to any degradation

SiC fiber mesh SiSiC

Saint-Gobain SiSiC & SiC ceramic foams

MOTIVATION


receivers 3

Solar Thermal Tower

Concentrated Solar Radiation

Function:

Absorption of radiation

Heat transfer to a fluid (air)

Volumetric air receiver

ACTUAL SOLUTIONS


receivers 4

SolAir VR-units SiC foam

Metallic mesh

Fracture Toughness (MPa/m2)

HT-Flexure Strength (MPa)

HT-Tensile Strength (MPa)

CTE (10-6/K)

Si3N4 3,6 – 4,8 250 – 300 150 2,9 – 3,3

SiC 3,9 - 4 190 – 380 35 – 150 3,3 – 4,5


receivers 5

19/05/2016 New developments in Silicon based ceramics for advanced solar receivers 6

SiSiC Si3N4 SiOC

M.P. (0C) 2500 1900 > 1700

CTE 10-6 /K 4,5 2,8 1,35

sT (W/m.K) 45 15 1,4 – 2,1

E (Gpa) 330 300 100 - 300

HfO2 AlN B4C Cordierite

M.P. (0C) 2900 2200 2450 1400

CTE 10-6 /K 6 5 5 1,7

sT (W/m.K) 1,1 285 30 3

E (Gpa) 57 350 470 70

Tuning the composition of PDCs

Filler addition:


Processing technologies

• Dense monoliths • Porous ceramics

Standards for solar thermal components: - High temperature resistance - Exposure test - External thermal shock test

Standards for reflector: - Thermal cycling - Humidity / Freeze test - Thermal stability of absorber surface - Resistance to condensed water of absorber surface - Corrosion resistance to high humidity air containing

SO2 of absorber surface

Standards for PT receiver tube: - External shock test - Internal shock test

Standards for solar furnace: - Durability of materials - Solar absorber materials - Durability and surface heat treatment materials - Radiometers


receivers 8

Durability test for solar receivers

- HIGH TEMPERATURE - SAL MIST - THERMAL SHOCK - HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE

The quality control to check if the material “passes” or “fails” the tests is based on the

measurement of some optical and mechanical properties

600 650 700 750 800 850 900

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

C/N

ra

tio

Temperature (0C)19/05/2016 New developments in Silicon based ceramics for advanced solar receivers 9

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

% R

efle

cta

nce

wavelength (nm)

PYROMARK(TM)

Low C

Medium C

High C

Playing with the composition

SiOC with different C content

Only SiOC materials with spectral reflectance below 5% are selected

Chemical composition

Cfree

SiO1,70C0,18N0,28 0,07

SiO1,67C0,25N0,25 0,08

SiO1,72C0,25N0,26 0,11

SiO1,82C0,09N0,14 -

SiO1,90C0,03N0,12 -

T (0

C)


receivers 10


Tuning thermal properties with chemical composition



400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

0

5

10

15

20

25

% R

efle

cta

nce

wavelength (nm)

SiC

SiC+ 1CNF

SiC+ 5CNF

SiC+ 10CNF

PYROMARK

Addition nanofillers

20 40 60 80

N2_1300 ºC

Si

Si

Si

SiIn

ten

sid

ad

(u

.a.)

2(º)

Si

Si3N

4

SiOC+Si

Original

N2_1350 ºC

SiOC + Si / N2

Passive nanofillers Active nanofillers

SiC + CNF


receivers 12

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 N65

N75

N85

N90

Pyromark(R)

% R

efle

cta

nce

wavelength (nm)

Reflectance below 5 % Pass test: YES / NO

Low emission in the Far-IR region Heat transfer f(emissivity, Area, Temperature)


receivers 13

• Dense monoliths • Porous ceramics


receivers 14

3D printing facility at ICV (CSIC)

Preceramic polymer

SiOC SiOC

POWDERED POLYMER:

- Micro texturing

- Large pieces


receivers 15

Dense ceramics

SPARK PLASMA SINTERING

Método de obtención piezas extensas de altas prestaciones mecánicas y térmicas de vidrios de oxicarburo de silicio WO 2012017122 A1

PATENTED: Ceramic route for SiOC sintering


0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,2

Vic

ke

rs M

icro

ha

rdn

ess (

GP

a)

ZrO2 content

Mechanical properties of dense nanocomposites

Dense ceramics


Low-size pores

Pores up to 0,1 mm

Permeation tests

N2 adsorption

Hg intrusion porosimetry


receivers 18

SiOC SiOC-highC SiOC-lowC

1E-6

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

log

Kn

ud

se

n p

ara

me

ter

Permeability test: - Knudsen parameter - Poiseuille number


receivers 19

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

A-7

A-13

A-20

A-34

A-42

A-53

A-64

A-76

Volu

men d

e p

oro

(cm

3 g

-1m

-1)

Diametro de poro (m)


receivers 20

SALT MIST TEST 1000h 350C, 50 ± 5 g/l salt

Photos: F. Salaberry

HIGH HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE FACILITY AT CENER

HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE TEST 1000h 85 ± 20C, 94 ± 2 HR

Dimensional changes, weight difference, precipitates


receivers 21

Emissivity vs Temperature

Heating plates

Optical fiber

Emissivity vs Temperature

Decreased emissivity high temperature


Testing in fresnel lens: 600 - 1200 0C

Fresnel lens facility at CENIM (CSIC)

Testing in tubular furnace: 1000 0C


t = 0 s t = 2 s t = 3 s

t = 4 s t = 5 s t = 8 s


receivers 25

Continuous temperature recording 5 thermocouples


receivers 26

PLμ2300 Optical Imaging Profiler, Sensofar Tech

Photos: I. Padilla

Porous SiOC Porous SiOC

Sintered SiOC Sintered SiOC

After 50 cycles Original samples


1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600

After

Ab

so

rba

nce

(a

.u.)

wavelength (cm-1)

Before

Before

After


Failure due to overheating

• Anisotropy. Crystal growth

• Thermal stresses. CTE

Prevent the formation of HOT SPOTS

External HOT SPOT


Hot spots Fresnel lens


Research in materials and innovative designs for advanced solar receivers

“Investigación en materiales y diseños innovadores para receptores avanzados solares.” ENE2012-39385-C03-03

Partners:

- Ceramics and Glass Institute (CSIC)

- National Center of Metallurgical Research (CSIC)

- CENER

- Prodintec

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=1qdSQYrUwyLMEM&tbnid=O4oE-EWDIDVbxM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://blog.proyectosnavarra.es/?attachment_id=416&ei=_46UU7msDYypOuzFgdAN&bvm=bv.68445247,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEObvAOcFMFgQWKsuDCWGwU1AIC5w&ust=1402331257839980


receivers 31

Development of a wide variety of materials (PDCs, nitrides, glass-ceramics, composites…)

for different industrial processes.

Improved oxidation resistance and thermomechanical properties in harsh environments.

Specialized ceramic materials with improved optical (reflectance) properties for CSP

technology

Establishment of a systematic methodology for material composition design, texturing and

testing within the MIRASOL project

Transferable technology

New solutions for different technological needs would come up in a growing materials research

network

Innovative materials for intertwined technologies should meet at new horizontal projects

focused on materials research and development

In future…


receivers 32

JAE-Doc grant (A. Tamayo) co-financed by FSE

“Investigación en materiales y diseños innovadores para receptores avanzados solares.” ENE2012-39385-C03-03

TESTS IN FRESNEL LENS: • Aurora López-Delgado (CENIM) • Isabel Padilla (CENIM) AGING TESTS: • Fabienne Salaberry (CENER)

aitana tamayo [email protected]

Documents