AJ Heroux with

Teresa Montaruli

Playing in the Snow!!

Outline– What is IceCube?

• History• Deployment• DOMS• IceTop

– Shadow of the moon• Motivation• Methods• Results

– Future Work– Work done with

DOMs

• AMANDA was the precursor to IceCube

• Roughly 600 PMTs• Buried at depths from

1500-2000 m• Pioneered the hot water

drilling used in IceCube• Still functional, will be able

to work with IceCube

IceCube – The Next Generation

• 4800 PMT• Buried at depths from

1500 to 2500 m• Much greater

sensitivity and accuracy over AMANDA

• Coincidences and veto by IceTop will help streamline analysis

Cherenkov Radiation and Neutrino Detection

• Created by ultra-relativistic particles

• This light is what the AMANDA/IceCube DOMs detect

• Similar to sonic boom or shockwave, but EM based

• For AMANDA/IceCube, produced by muons from muon neutrinos

• When DOMS are triggered in a row, there is a chance for a signal

Shadow of the MoonMotivations

• Calibration• Absolute Pointing

Accuracy• Angular resolution

Methods for Calibration

• Known neutrino sources – AGN, Supernovae, Accreting Black Holes….

or not• Moon/Sun Shadow with Atmospheric

Muons from Cosmic Rays

How to find the Shadow?

• Need to know where it is– Albrecht Karle’s code– My code: SLALIB– NASA JPL Ephemerides

• Accuracy– 10’ longitude, 3”

latitude

• Result: My code will be implemented in IceCube software

SunMoon

Declin

ati

on

in

Deg

rees

Sun and Moon Declination in Degrees - 2005

Calculating the Muon Deficit

• Need to know several key values– Atmospheric Muon Flux– Effective Area of IceCube– Radius of the Moon disc and Search

Bin

• From there we calculate– Expected Muon Events– Blocked Muon Events– Significance of the Deficit

Cosmic Ray Muon Flux

Images from Paolo Desiati, AMANDA Collaboration

Calculations for the MoonBased on 2005 Data

• Cosmic Muon Flux

• Search Bin

• Size of Moon

• Effective Area of IceCube

• Expected Background

• Blocked Events

• Significance of Deficit

AMANDA vs IceCube

31.39σ in 64 days1.88σ in 64 days38.92 in 98 days2.34σ in 98 daysSignificance

21898959336791010Events Absorbed

486568121444748356186756Events Expected

0.18 or 64 days0.18 or 64 days0.27 or 98 days0.27 or 98 daysMoon above 20 ۫۫

106 m²3·104 m²106 m²3·104 m²Effective Area

1°3°1°3°Angular Resolution

8.5·10-9 cm-2 sec-1 sr-18.5·10-9 cm-2 sec-1 sr-18.5·10-9 cm-2 sec-1 sr-18.5·10-9 cm-2 sec-1 sr-

1Cosmic Ray Flux

IceCubeAMANDAIceCubeAMANDA-II

SunMoon

Future Work• It will now be possible to calibrate

IceCube every month using this method.

• Starting in 2014, the moon will not reach the 20 degree cutoff until around 2017

STF Work: My Program

• Sorts through any test results generated by ReadSTFTest.pl from Hagar Landsman.

• Sorts data based on temperature of test, date of test, or on separate value from test.

• Multiple output options, and changing code from test to test is contained within first few lines of code.

Results

goodbad

good

Acknowledgements

• Teresa Montaruli – IceCube Collaboration• Hagar Landsman – IceCube Collaboration• Ed Mierkiewicz – UW Astronomy Dept• Bob Benjamin – UWW Physics Dept• The whole IceCube group especially

JuanCarlos Diaz-Valez, Jonathan Dumm, Alessio Tamburro, Albrecht Karle

• The other REU Students