akt211 – cao 01 - introduction to computer organization and architecture
DESCRIPTION
AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture. Ghifar Parahyangan Catholic University August 22, 2011. Outline. What is computer architecture? What is computer organization? Computer function & structure Instruction cycle. Architecture. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AKT211 – CAO
01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture
AKT211 – CAO
01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture
GhifarParahyangan Catholic University
August 22, 2011
GhifarParahyangan Catholic University
August 22, 2011
![Page 2: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OutlineOutline
What is computer architecture? What is computer organization? Computer function & structure Instruction cycle
![Page 3: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ArchitectureArchitecture
People about computer architecture :• Baer : “The design of the integrated
system which provides a useful tool to the programmer”
• Hayes : “The study of the structure, behavior and design of computers”
• Foster : “The art of designing a machine that will be a pleasure to work with”
![Page 4: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Architecture(2)Architecture(2)
The different usages of the term:• The design of a computer’s CPU architecture,
instruction set, addressing modes• Description of the requirements (especially speeds
and interconnection requirements) or design implementation for the various parts of a computer. (such as memory, motherboard, electronic peripherals, or most commonly the CPU)
• Architecture is often defined as the set of machine attributes that a programmer should understand in order to successfully program the specific computer
In general, computer architecture refers to attributes of the system visible to a programmer, that have a direct impact on the execution of a program
![Page 5: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Architecture vs OrganizationArchitecture vs Organization
• Architecture is those features/attributes visible to the programmer– Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
– e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?• Organization is the hardware implementation of
features/attributes– Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.– e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?
![Page 6: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Structure & FunctionStructure & Function
• Structure : the way in which components are interrelated
• Function : the operation of individual components as part of the structure
![Page 7: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Functional ViewFunctional View
![Page 8: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FunctionFunction
Computer main functions :1. Data processing2. Data storage3. Data movement4. Control
![Page 9: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Operation a) Data MovementOperation a) Data Movement
![Page 10: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Operation b) StorageOperation b) Storage
![Page 11: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Operation c) Processing from/to storage
Operation c) Processing from/to storage
![Page 12: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Operation d) Processing from storage to I/O
Operation d) Processing from storage to I/O
![Page 13: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Structure – Top LevelStructure – Top Level
![Page 14: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Structure – Top Level (2)Structure – Top Level (2)
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)– controls the operation of the computer
and performs its data processing functions2. Main Memory
– stores data3. Input/Output (I/O)
– moves data between the computer and its external environment
4. System interconnection– mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O
– transferring data via Bus
![Page 15: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Structure – The CPUStructure – The CPU
![Page 16: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Structure – the CPU(2)Structure – the CPU(2)
1. Control Unit– controls the operation of the CPU
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)– performs the computer’s data
processing functions3. Registers
– provides storage internal to the CPU4. CPU interconnection
– mechanism that provides for communication among control unit, ALU, and registers
![Page 17: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Structure – the Control UnitStructure – the Control Unit
![Page 18: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Structure – Top Level ComponentsStructure – Top Level Components
![Page 19: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Instruction CycleInstruction Cycle
• 2 steps :1. Fetch2. Execute
![Page 20: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fetch CycleFetch Cycle
1. Program Counter (PC) holds address of next instruction to fetch
2. Processor fetches instruction from memory location pointed to by PC
3. Increment PC unless instructed otherwise
4. Instruction loaded into Instruction Register (IR)
5. Processor interprets instruction and performs required actions
![Page 21: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Execute CycleExecute Cycle• Processor-memory
– data transfer between CPU and main memory
• Processor I/O– Data transfer between CPU and I/O
module• Data processing
– Some arithmetic or logical operation on data
• Control– Alteration of sequence of operations, e.g.
jump• Combination of above
![Page 22: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Instruction Cycle – State DiagramInstruction Cycle – State Diagram
![Page 23: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SummarySummary
What is computer architecture? What is computer organization? Computer function & structure
4 main functions of computer the top level structure of computer the functions of computer’s basic
componentsInstruction cycle
2 steps
![Page 24: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Any Question ?
![Page 25: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7 Minutes Review7 Minutes Review
• What are the differences between computer architecture and organization? Give your own brief and clear explanation.
• In your opinion, what is your expectation after studying today’s material ? What are the advantages ?
![Page 26: AKT211 – CAO 01 - Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/568151f1550346895dc02ad3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THANK YOU