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TRANSCRIPT
AENEID BOOK IV Book 4: Lines 160-218, 259-361, 659-705
INDEX
A. Lesson 1: 160-172Aeneas & Dido Meet in a Cave
B. Lesson 2: 173-188Rumor is a Strange Creature!
C. Lesson 3: 189-202RUMOR REACHES IARBUS
D. Lesson 4: 202-218Iarbus Complains to Iuppiter (and is very sassy)
E. Lesson 5: 256-278Mercury Reproaches Aeneas
F. Lesson 6: 279-295Aeneas is Shocked & Prepares to Leave
G. Lesson 7: 296-313Dido Finds Out
H. Lesson 8: 314-330Dido Begs Aeneas To Stay, “If only . . .”
I. Lesson 9: 331-344Aeneas Replies: “If I had had my way . . .”
J. Lesson 10: 345-361Aeneas Continues: “Not of my own free will . .”
K. Lesson 11: 659-574Dido Stabs Herself
L. Lesson 12: 675-689 Anna Addresses the Dying Dido
M. Lesson 13: 690-705 Iris Cuts a Lock of Dido’s Hair
A. Lesson 1: AENEID A: BK 4, lines 160-172 AENEAS AND DIDO MEET IN THE CAVE
(Page1)
PROPER NAMES: 1) Didō, Dīdōnis; 2) Tyrius, -a, -um 3) Tellūs, Tellūris;
1. Misceō –ēre, -uī, -mixtus
2. Incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptus
3. Īnsequor, īnsequī, īnsecutus sum
4. Nimbus, -ī
5. Grandō, grandinis:
6. Passim
7. Iuventūs, -ūtis
8. Nepōs, nepōtis
9. Tectum, -ī (n)
10. Metus, -ūs
11. Petō, -ere, petīvī/petiī
12. Dēveniō, -īre, dēvēnī, dēventus
13. Amnis, amnis
14. Īdem, eadem, idem
15. Spēlunca, -ae
16. Pronuba, -ae
17. Cōnscius, -a, -um
18. Cōnubium, -ī
19. Ululō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
20. Lētum, -ī:
21. Speciēs, speciēī
22. Fama,-ae
23. –ve at the end of a word
24. Nec=nōn
25. Meditor, -ārī, -ātus
26. Fūrtivus, -a, -um
27. Praetexō, -ere, -uī, -xtus
28. Culpa, -ae
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. Intereā, caelum miscērī incipit miscērī (with a) magnō murmure. (abl of means)
2. Nimbus īnsequitur (with) grandine commixtā. (abl abs)
3. Passim Tyriī comitēs et Troānā iuventūs et Dardanius nepōs Veneris (=Aenēās) petīvērunt dīversa tecta per agrōs.
4. Amnēs ruunt dē montibus
5. Dīdō et dux Troiānus (dux Troiānus=Aenēās) dēveniunt eandum speluncam.
6. Prima Tellūs et pronuba Iunō dant signum.
7. Ignēs fulsērunt. Aethēr erat cōnscius (to/for the) cōnūbiīs.
8. Nymphae ululāvērunt in summō (in) vertice montis.
9. Ille prīmus dīēs fuit causa lētī.
10. Ille prīmus diēs fuit causa malōrum
11. Enim Dīdō nōn movētur (by) speciē (or) fāmāve (-ve is attached to the end of famā)
12. Dīdō nec iam meditātur fūrtīvum amōrem.
13. Dīdō vocat (it/their relationshipit) coniugium.
14. Dīdō praetexit culpam (with) hōc nōmine.
NOW READ THE ORIGINAL
AnswerPLOT, etc.
1. We left out the part about how Venus (mother of Aeneas) and Juno (adversary of Aeneas) put away their disagreements and plot together to get Aeneas and Dido together. Venus wants Dido to help her son. Juno wants to keep Aeneas away from Italy so Rome won’t be founded. Venus and Juno usually are on opposite sides, but they put aside differences for a common goal. Give another example of this
2. Do Aeneas and Dido have free will in the face of all these forces trying to get them together? What do you think? What does Virgil think?
3. What do you think is Dido’s state of mind? She is a very good , proper woman who has the values and standards of her day, not of ours. For a woman to live with a man to whom she was not married was highly improper (although it was OK for men-double standard!) . Does she really think that she and Aeneas are married? Are they married? What do you think? What does Virgil think? Is it clear?
4. How is this scene a parody of Roman wedding customs? How are the roles of pronubia, torches, wedding songs represented?a Roman wedding?
5. SCAN: coniugium vocat, hōc praetēxit nōmine culpam.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G. PtA: BK4 160-172 DIDO AND AENEAS MEET IN A CAVE
H. Intereā magnō miscērī murmure caelum160
I. incipit, īnsequitur commixtā grandine nimbus,
J. et Tyriī comitēs passim et Trōiāna iuventūs
K. Dardaniusque nepōs Veneris dīversa per agrōs
L. tēcta metū petiēre; ruunt dē montibus amnēs.
M. Spēluncam Dīdō dux et Trōiānus eandem165
N. dēveniunt. Prīma et Tellūs et prōnuba Iūnō
O. dant signum; fulsēre ignēs et cōnscius aethēr
P. cōnubiīs summōque ululārunt vertice nymphae.
Q. Ille diēs prīmus lētī prīmusque malōrum
R. causa fuit; neque enim speciē fāmāve movētur170
S. nec iam fūrtīvum Dīdō meditātur amōrem:
T. coniugium vocat, hōc praetēxit nōmine culpam.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
AA.
AB.
AC.
AD.
AE. Lesson 2 BOOK 4PT B: Lines 173-188: RUMOR IS A STRANGE CREATURE
Vocabulary
1.
2. Extemplō
3. Fama, -ae
4. Vēlōx, -ōcis:
5. Vēlōcior, vēlōcius:
6. Vigeō, -ēre, -uī
7. Mōbilitās, -ātis:
8. Adquīrō, -ere, adquīsīvī, adsītus
9. Vīs, vīs:
10. Eō, īre, iī/īvī
11. Metus, -ūs
12. Attolō, -ere.
13. Ingredior, ingredī, ingressus
14. Solum, -ī (n):(this is not the adj. solus, -a, -um)
15. Condō, -ere, condidī, conditus
16. Nūbila, -ōrum:
17. Inrītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
18. Extrēmus, -a, -um
19. Prōgignō, -ere, prōgenuī, prōgenitus
20. Āla, -ae
21. Pernix, pernicis
22. Perhibeō, -ēre, perhibuī, perhibitus
23. Plūma, -ae
24. Vigil, vigilis:
25. Subter
26. Quot . . . . tot . . . . .
27. Totidem
28. Ōs, ōris (n)
29. Auris, auris
30. Subrigō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctus:
31. Dēclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
32. Lumen, luminis
33. Tam . . . . . quam . . . . .
34. Lumen, luminis (n)
35. Dulcis, dulce
36. Custōs, custōdis (m)
37. Turris, turris (f)
38. Tenax, tenacis
39. Nuntia, -ae (f)
40. Fictum, -ī (n)
41. Pravus, -ī (n)
42. Verum, -ī (n)
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. Extemplō Fāma it per magnās urbēs Libyae
2. Nōn est ūllum aliud malum vēlōcius (than) famā. (vēlōcius quam famām=vēlōcius famā: abl of comparison)
3. Fama, quā (quā=than which; abl of comparison) est nōn ullum aliud malum vēlōcius.
4. Fāma viget (by means of) mōbilitāte.
5. Fāma adquīrit vīrīs (by means of) eundō. (eundō is a gerund from eō. What does eō mean? What does eundō mean?)
6. Prīmō Fāma est parva (because of) metū
7. Mox Fāma attolit sē in aurās.
8. Fāma ingreditur in solō. Fāma condit caput inter nūbila
9. Parēns Terra (“Mother Earth”), ut perhibent, estsunt inrītāta īrā deōrum.
10. Parēns Terra prōgenuit illam (illam=Famam) extrēmam
11. Parēns Terra prōgenuit illam (Famam) sororem (to) Coeō et Enceladō
12. Illa (Fama) est celerem pedibus et pernicibus alīs.
13. Illa (Fāma) est mōnstrum horrendum et ingēns.
14. (Fāmae (Famae=“to fame”=dat of possession) sunt plūmae (nom. pl) (on her) corpore.
15. Fāmae (Famae=“to fame”=dat of possession) sunt vigilēs oculī (nom pl) subter.
16. Fāmae (“to fame” dat of possession) sunt linguae (nom pl)
17. Fāma, cuī (“to whom”, dat of possession) sunt quot plumae in corpora, tot sunt vigilēs oculī subter.
18. Mirable dictū! (This is a supine. Review supines)
19. Fāma, cuī (“to whom” dat of possession) sunt quot plumae in corpora, tot sunt vigilēs oculī subter et tot linquae.
20. Ōra sonant et aurēs subrigit.
21. Fāma, cuī sunt quot plumae in corpora, tot vigilēs oculī subter, totidem ora sonant, tot aurēs subrigit.
22. Fāma volat nocte, strīdēns (pap modifies fāma) per caelum.
23. Fāma volat nocte, strīdēns (pap modifies fāma) per caelum, mediō caelī et terrae,
24. et Fāma nec (nec=nōn) dēclīnat lūmina (lūmina=oculōs) (in) dulcī somnō.
25. (by/at the time of,abl. of time whenby) Lūce (abl of time when) Fāma sedet (as) custōs.
26. (by/at the time of/abl.) Lūce (abl of time when) Fāma sedet (as) custōs, aut summī culmine tēctī aut turribus altīs.
27. (by) Lūce (abl of time when) Fāma territat magnās urbēs,
28. by) Lūce (abl of time when) Fāma tam tenax nuntia fictī et pravī, quam verī.
NOW READ THE ORIGINAL
ANSWER
GRAMMAR and PLOT
1. REVIEW COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES: Rule, add ior, ius to the stem.Comparative is 3rd decl.
Positivecomparative
Laetus, -a, -um_______________________ (happier)
Vēlōx, vēlōcis (vēlōc is the stem) _______________________________ (swifter)
Tristis, triste________________________(sadder)
2. ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON. You can leave out “quam” and put the thing you are comparing it to in the ablative case.
Marcus est melior quam Gaius. = Marcus est melior _________________________
Iulia est laetior quam porcus=Iulia est laetior ___________________________
nōn est ūllum aliud malum vēlōcius quam Fama=nōn est ūllum aliud malum vēlōcius ___________
3. GERUNDS: What is a gerund? _______________________________________________________
How is a gerund made from a verb? Take the present stem, add _____.
What is the gender of a gerund? What 4 cases does it have (which one is missing)?
Decline the gerund from necō, necāre, necāvī, necātusDecline the gerund from eō, īre, iī/īvī, ītus
Gen_______________________Gen_______________________
Dat_______________________Dat_______________________
Acc_______________________Acc______________________
Abl_______________________Abl_______________________
4. DATIVE OF POSSESSION: What is a “dative of possession”?
Ex.: Marcus habet villam (Marcus has a house.)=Villa est Marcō (A house is to Marcus)
Write in Latin, using dat. Of possession: A feather is to Fama_________________________
5. Does Fama always lie? Explain.
6. Draw your interpretation of the elaborate personification of Fāma and label the parts.
AF. LINES 173- 188 Rumor IS A STRANGE CREATURE
AG. Extemplō Libyae magnās it Fāma per urbēs,Fāma, malum quā nōn aliud vēlōcius uūllum:mōbilitāte viget vīrēsque adquīrit eundō, 175parva metū prīmō, mox sēsē attollit in aurāsingrediturque solō et caput inter nūbila condit.Illam Terra parēns īrā inrītāta deōrumextrēmam, ut perhibent, Coeō Enceladōque sorōremprōgenuit pedibus celerem et pernīcibus ālīs, 180mōnstrum horrendum, ingēns, cui quot sunt corpore plūmae,tot vigilēs oculī subter –mirabile dictū! –tot linguae, totidem ōra sonant, tot subrigit aurēs.Nocte volat caelī mediō terraeque per umbramstrīdēns, nec dulcī dēclīnat lūmina somnō; 185lūce sedet custōs aut summī culmine tēctīturribus aut altīs, et magnās territat urbēs,tam fictī prāvīque tenāx quam nūntia vērī.
AH.
AI.
AJ.
AK.
AL.
AM.
AN.
AO.
AP.
AQ. Lesson 3-Book 4PT C: Lines 189-202 RUMOR REACHES IARBUSPEOPLE TALK ABOUT DIDO & IARBUS HEARS ABOUT IT
Vocabulary
1. Gaudeō, -ēre, gavisus sum: rejoice
2. Repleō-ēre, replēvī, repletus: fill up
3. Sermo, onis (m): talk
4. Factum, -ī (n): fact
5. Infectum, -ī (n): falsehood
6. Pariter: equally
7. Crescō-ere, crevī, cretus: grow, arise
8. Dignor, dignārī: deem worthy
9. Iungō, -ere, iunxī, iunctus: join
10. Foveō, -ēre, fovī, fotus: cherish, keep warm
11. Hiems, hiemis (n): winter
12. Luxus, -ūs (m): luxury
13. Immemor, -oris: unmindful, headless
14. Turpis, turpe: disgraceful
15. Cupidō, -inis (f): desire
16. Foedus, -a, -um: shameful
17. diffundō, diffundere, duffūdī, diffuses: scatter
18. passim: in every direction
19. protinus: immediately
20. detorqueō, detorquēre, detorsī, detortus: hurl, direct
21. cursus, -ūs (m) course
22. Iarbus, -ī: Iarbus, ruler who had courted Dido
23. Aggerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: pile up
24. Serō, -ere, sevī, status: beget, bring forth
25. Hammon, -ōnis: Hammon, Amon=Iuppiter
26. Garamantis, Garamantidis: of the Garmantes, a tribe
27. Ponō, -ere, posuī, positus: put, place, build
28. Immanis, immane: vast
29. Sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: consecrate:
30. Vigil, vigilis: sleepless
31. Excubiae, -ārum n
32. Solum, -ī (n): ground
33. Pinguis, pingue: fat, thickly coated
34. Cruor, cruoris (m): blood, gore
35. Pecus, pecudis (f): animal
36. Limen, liminis (n): threshold
37. Florens, florentis: flowering
38. Serta, -ōrum
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. Tum haec (Fama) gaudēns, replēbat populōs (with) multiplicī sermone
2. (She-Fama) canēbat facta atque infecta partier.
3. Indirect statements: this is what Fama said:
a. Aenean, cretum (from) Troianō sanguine, venisse, cuī pulchra Didō dignētur sē.
b. Nunc (they), immemorēs regnōrum et captōs (by) turpī cupidinem, fovere hiemem inter sē luxū, quam longa (as long as is might last).
4. Foeda dea diffundit haec possim in orā virōrum;
5. Protinus (she-Fama) detorquet cursūs ad regem Iarban. . .
6. Et (she-Fama) incendit (his) animum (with) dictīs atque aggerat irās.
7. Hic (hic=Iarbus), satus (from) Hammone et raptā Garamantide nymphā, . . . .
8. (Iarbus) posuit centum immania templa et centum arās (in) latīs regnīs . . .
9. Et (he-Iarbus) sacraverat vigilem ignem, aeternās excubiās divōrum;
10. Solum erat pingue (with) cruore pecudum et limina erant florentia (with) variīs sertīs.
PLOT:
1. Why is Iarbus enraged?
2. Why does Iarbus think he deserves better treatment from the gods? Think of another example of a self-righteous person who thinks he deserves better from the gods.
3. Is his rage justified?
4. Review the basic rules of indirect statement:
AR.
AS.
AT.
AU.
AV.
AW.
AX.
AY.
AZ.
BA.
BB.
BC.
BD.
BE.
BF.
BG.
BH.
BI. Lesson 4-BOOK IV:, Lines 202-218 IARBUS COMPLAINS TO IUPPITER
Vocabulary
1.
2. Amens, amentis: one of one’s mind
3. Animus, -ī (m): mind
4. Accendō, -ere, accendī, accensus: inflame, enrage
5. Amarus, -a, -um: bitter
6. Supplex, supplicis: suppliant, a person kneeling in entreaty
7. Orō, -āre, -āvī, ātus: beg, plead (with double acc. Beg (acc) from (acc))
8. Supinus, -a, -um: upturned
9. Maurusius, -a, -um: Moorish
10. Epulor, epulārī, epulātus sum: dine, feast
11. Pingō, -ere, pinxī, pictus: paint, embroider
12. Torus, -ī (m): couch
13. Libō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: pour out as a libation
14. Lenaeus, -a, -um: Leneaean-epithet of Bacchus
15. Honos, honoris (m): honorary gift, offering
16. Aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectus: see, observe
17. Genitor, -oris (m) father
18. Horreō, -ēre, horruī, trmble at
19. Nequiquam: in vain
20. Torqueō, -ēre, torsī, tortus: hurl
21. Fulmen, fulminis (n): thunderbolt
22. Caecus, -a, um: blind, aimless
23. Terrificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: frighten
24. Misceō, miscēre, miscue, mistus: stir up
25. Inanis, inane: vain, useless
26. Errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: wander
27. Ponō, -ere, posuī, positus: place, put in place, establish
28. Exiguus, -a, -um: small, petty
29. Pretium, -ī: price
30. Litus, litoris, (n): shore
31. Arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: plow
32. Lex, legis (m): law
33. Repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsus: reject
34. Connubium, -ī (n)
35. Paris: prince of Troy who was associated with feminine beauty
36. Semivir, semivirī (m): half man
37. Comitatus, -ūs: company
38. Subnectō, -ere, subnexus, bind, tie
39. Mentum, -ī (n): chin
40. Madeō, -ēre, maduī: be moist, here: drip with perfume
41. Crinis, crinis (m): hairy
42. Maeonius, -a, -um: Maeonian, Lydian
43. Mitra, -ae (f): headband, turban
44. Potior, potīrī, potitus sum: seize
45. Raptum, -ī (n): booty, plunder (having been grabbed)
46. Quippe: indeed
47. Munus, muneris (n): gift,
48. Foveō, fovēre, fotus: cherish
49. Inanis, inane: vain
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES
1. Is (he-Iarbus), dicitur, erat amens animī et accensus (by the) amarō rumore . . . .
2. (he-Iarbus) supplex ante arās et inter media numina divōrum oravisse multa Iovem (with) supinīs manibus.
3. This is what Iarbus says to Iuppiter:
“Omnipotens Iuppiter, cui nunc Maurusia gens epulata (in) pictīs torīs, libat Lenaeum honorem . . .
4. (Do you) aspicis haec?
5. An, genitor, (do we) horrēmus tē nequiquam cum torquēs fulmina?
6. (Do) Caecī ignēs in nubibus terrificant (our-nostrōs) animōs et miscent inania murmura?
7. Femina, quae, errāns in nostrīs finibus, posuit exiguam urbem pretiō, . . . .
8. Femina cui dedimus litus arandum et cui dedimus legēs locī, . . . .
· What kind of participle is arandum?
9. Femina repullit nostra conubia ac recēpit Aenean (as) dominum in (her) regna.
10. Et nunc ille Paris (insult!) cum semivirō comitatū (insult!), subnixus mentum et madentem crinem (with) Maeoniā mitrā (insults!) potitur raptō (the one ravished):
11. Nōs quippe ferimus munera tuīs templīs et fovēmus inanem fama.
NOW READ the ORIGINAL
a. Why is Iarbus angry at Iuppiter?
b. What insults does he hurl at Iuppier?
c. Have you ever been angry at God or at the world?
d. What insults does Iarbus hurl at Aeneas?
e. Give some insults that we might use that correspond to these insults.
Haec tum multiplicī populōs sermōne replēbat
gaudēns, et pariter facta atque īnfecta canēbat: 190vēnisse Aenēān Trōiānō sanguine crētum,cui sē pulchra virō dignētur iungere Dīdō;nunc hiemem inter sē lūxū, quam longa, fovērerēgnōrum immemorēs turpīque cupīdine captōs.Haec passim dea foeda virum diffundit in ōra. 195Prōtinus ad rēgem cursūs dētorquet Ïarbānincenditque animum dictīs atque aggerat īrās.
Hic Hammōne satus raptā Garamantide nymphā,templa Iovī centum lātīs immānia rēgnīs,centum ārās posuit vigilemque sacrāverat ignem, 200excubiās dīvum aeternās; pecudumque cruōrepingue solum et variīs flōrentia līmina sertīs.
Pt. D Lines 202-218 IARBUS, DIDO”S REJECTED LOVER, IS ENRAGED
Isque āmēns animī et rūmōre accēnsus amārōdīcitur ante ārās media inter nūmina dīvummulta Iovem manibus supplex ōrāsse supīnīs: 205'Iuppiter omnipotēns, cui nunc Maurūsia pictīsgēns epulāta torīs Lēnaeum lībat honōrem,aspicis haec? An tē, genitor, cum fulmina torquēsnēquīquam horrēmus, caecīque in nūbibus ignēsterrificant animōs et inānia murmura miscent? 210Fēmina, quae, nostrīs errāns in finibus, urbemexiguam pretiō posuit, cui lītus arandumcuique locī lēgēs dedimus, cōnūbia nostrareppulit ac dominum Aenēān in rēgna recēpit.Et nunc ille Paris cum sēmivirō comitātū, 215Maeoniā mentum mitrā crinemque madentemsubnexus, raptō potitur: nōs mūnera templīsquippe tuīs ferimus fāmamque fovēmus inānem.'
BJ. Lesson 5:
BK. Book IV: 4.259-278361 Mercury reproaches Aeneas
1.
2. Tango, tangere, tetigī, tactus: touch, reach
3. Magalia, -ae(f): hut
4. Planta, -ae (f): sole of the foot
5. Alatus, -a, -um: winged
6. Fundō, -āre, āvī, ātus: found, establish
7. Novō, -āre, -āvī, tus: build,
8. Tectum, -ī (n): roof, house
9. Ensis, ensis (m): dagger, sword
10. Stellatus, -a, -um: starry
11. Fulvus, -a, -um: beige, tawnty
12. Iaspis, iaspis (f): jasper
13. Laena, -ae (f): cloak
14. Demittō, -ere, demīsī, demīsus: send down, lower, drape
15. Umerus, -ī (m): shoulder
16. Ardeō, -ēre, arsī, arsus: burn, shine forth
17. Tyrius, -a, -um: Tyrian=Carthaginian
18. Murex, muricis (m): purple dye
19. Munus, muneris (n): gift
20. Dives, divitis: rich
21. Didō, Didōnis: Dido
22. Discernōm, -ere, discrevī, discretus, : interweave
23. Tela, -ae (f): warp
24. Tenuis, tenue; thin, delicate
25. Aurum, -ī(n): gold
26. Invadōe, -ere, invasī invasus: accost, assail with words
27. Uxorious, -a, -um: submissive to one’s wife
28. Locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: locate, build
29. Fundamentum- ī (n): foundation
30. Extruō, -ere, extruxī, extructus: build
31. Obliviscor, obliviscī oblitus: forget + gen
32. Regnator, -oris, (m): ruler
33. Torqueō, -ēre: torsī, tortus: hurl, sway
34. Clarus, -a, -um: clear, glorious
35. Mandatum, -ī (n): command
36. Aura, -ae (f): breeze
37. Struō, -ere, struxī, structus: prepare
38. Spēs, -eī (f): hope
39. Terō, -ere, trīvī, trītus: spend, waste
40. Otium, -ī (n): leisure
41. Libycus, -a, -um: Libyan
42. Tantus, -a, -um; so great
43. Moveōm, -ēre, move, stir
44. Molior, -īre, molītus: undertake
45. Super: above, concerning
46. Laus, laudis, (f): praise
47. Respiciō, ere, respēxī, respectus: look back/again
48. Surgō, -ere, surrexī: grow up
49. Heres, heredis (m): heir
50. Iulus, -ī: another name for Ascanius
51. Tellus, -ūs (m): land
52. Cyllenius, -ī: “the Cyllenian”=Mercury
53. Loquor, -loquī, locutus sum: speak
54. Talis, tale: such
55. Visus, -ūs (m): sight
56. Evanescō, -ere, evanuī: vanish
57. Tenuis, tenue: thin
Simplified sentences:
1. Ut primum Mercurius tetigit Magalia (with)alatīs plantīs, conspicit Aenean fundamentem arces ac novantem tecta.
2. Atque ensis (to) illī erat stallatus (with) vulvā iaspide. (dative of possession)
3. Laena demissa ex umnerīs ardēbat (with) Tyriō murice,
4. Dives Didō fēcerat (quae)munera, et discreverat tellās (with) tenuī aurō.
5. Invadit continuō: “nunc tū, uxorius, locās fundamenta (of) altae Kartaginis? (question by tone of voice)
6. Exstruis pulchram urbem? (question by tone of voice)
7. Heu, oblite (vocative-refers to Aeneas) regnī et tuārum rērum!
8. Ipse regnator deōrum quī torquet caelum ac terrās (with his) numine, demittit mē tibi (from) clarō Olympō.
9. Ipse (Iuppiter) iubet mē ferre haec mandata per celerēs aurās
10. Quid struis?
11. Aut (with) quā spē teris otia (in/on) Libycīs terrīs?
12. Sī nulla gfloria tantārum rērum movet tē, respice surgentem Ascanium et spēs heredis.
13. {Ipse nec molīris laborem super tuā laude}-omitted in some manuscripts
14. Respice surgentem Ascanium et spēs heredis, Iulī, cuī (to whom) regnum Italiae et Romana tellus debentur.”
15. Cyllenius, locutus (with) talī ore,
16. (He-Mercury) reliquit (in) mediō sermone et evanuit procul ex mortalibus oculīs in tenuem auram.
PLOT
1. How does Dido show her love for Aeneas? What do you think of the ways she expresses her love?
How could his fancy clothing relate to Iarbus’s description of Aeneas?
2. Locate all the 2nd person singular verbs. Locate all the imperative verbs.
3. Review the endings of the imperative:
-ā, -ē, e, ī āte, ēte, ite, īte
4. Give all the participles of fundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus
ACTIVEPASSIVE
Present____________________ (founding) (none)
Perfect (none) __________________________ (having been founded)
Future _____________________ (going to found) __________________________ (going to be/must be founded)
5. Review present active participles: Rules: take the present stem. For the nom. sing., add -____. For all other cases add -_____ plus 3rd declension endings.
SINGULARPLURAL
m/fnm/fn
NOM fund_____ fund______ fundant_____ fundant______GEN fundant_____ fundant______ fundant_____ fundant______DAT fundant_____ fundant______ fundant_____ fundant______ACC fundant_____ fundant______ fundant_____ fundant______ABL fundant_____ fundant______ fundant_____ fundant______
BL.
BM.
BN. Lesson 6: Book 4, Lines 279-295: Aeneas is Shocked & Prepares to Go
Vocabulary
1.
2. Verō (adv): indeed
3. Amēns, amentis : out of his mind
4. Aspectus, -ū¨sight
5. Obmutescō, -ere obmutuī be struck dumb
6. Coma, -ae (f): hair
7. Arrigō, -ere, , arrexī, arrectus: raise
8. Haereō, -ēre, haesī, haesus: stick
9. Faucēs, faucium, (f): throat
10. Ardō, -ere, arsī, arsus: burn, be eager
11. Dulcis, dulce: sweet
12. Attonō, -ārī, -āvī, -ātus: astond
13. Monitus, -ūs: admonition
14. Adfatus, -ūs: speech
15. Audeō, -ēre, ausus sum: dare
16. Exordium, -ī (n): beginning of a speech,
17. Sumō, -ere, sumpsī, sumptus: take, assume, undertake
18. Dividō, ere, divisī, divisus: direct
19. Celer, celeris, celere: swift
20. Huc: hither
21. Illuc: thither
22. Versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: turn
23. Sententia, -ae (f): thought
24. Potior, potius: more powerful, preferable
25. Alternō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: hesitate (between alternatives)
26. Mnestheus, -eī: one of the Trojans
27. Segestus, -ī: another Trojan
28. Tacitus, -a, -um: silent
29. Aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: equip, make ready
30. Classis, -classis (m): fleet
31. Cogō, -ere, coēgī, coātus: force, assemble
32. Parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: prepare
33. Dissimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: conceal
34. Novō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: change
35. Putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: think
36. Quando, when, since
37. rumpō, rumpere, rupī ruptus: break in pieces
38. Aditus, -ūs: (m): entrance. method of approach
39. Tempus, oris (n): time, opportunity
40. Mollis, mole: easy
41. For, farī, fatus: speak
42. dexter, dextera, dexterum: right, suitable
43. pareō, -ēre, pauī paritus: obey
44. ociter: swiftly
45. facessō, -ere, facessī, facessitus: do, perform
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES1. At verō Aeneas, amēns aspectū, obmutuit;
2. Comae arrectae sunt (with) horrore et vox haesit (in his) faucibus.
3. (he) ardet abīre (in) fugā et relinguere dulcēs terrās, attonitu (at) tantō monitū et imperiō deōrum.
4. Heu! Quid agat? (* present subjunctive-deliberative-what should he do?)
5. (with) quō adfatū nunc audeat ambīre furentem reginam. (*present subjunctive-deliberative-should he dare?)
6. (with) Quae prima exordia sumat? (*present subjunctive-deliberative-should he take?)7. Atque (he) dividit celerem animum nunc huc, nunc illuc, et rapit animum in variās partis et versat animum per omnia.
8. Haec sententia visa est esse potior (to) alternantī (to the one hesitating, i. e. Aeneas):
9. (he) vocat Mnesthea et Sergestum et fortem Serestum, (so that they might) tactī parent classem et cogant sociōs ad litera, et parent arma et dissimulent ea quae sit causā rebus novandīs.
* present subjunctives: parent, cogant, dissimulent are implied indirect commands;
* novandīs is a gerundive-for the sake of changing things.)
10. interea, (thinking that), quandō optima Didō nesciat et nōn spēret (that) tantōs amorēs rumpī, . . .
11. (indirect statement after implied “thinking” )sēsē temptūrum esse aditūs . . . .
12. (indirect question) et quae tempora (might be) sint mollissima fandī (fandī is a gerund-for speaking), . . . .
13. (indirect question) et quis modus (might be) sit dexter rrebus.
14. Omnēs parent imperiō ocius et laetī facessunt iussa.
ANSWER
1. Review how to make the present subjunctive. Tell the connecting vowel for each conjugation. :
1st conj-____________; 2nd conj-____________; 3rd conj.___________, 3rd io__________; 4th conj.___________
2. Review its usesUSES: Hortatory(exhortation, “let us”); Jussive (polite command-“may you . . . ); Deliberative (“How should I . .”) Watch Latin Tutorial-Overview of the Subjunctive) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DAlpx2stGA
3.
4. Review gerunds. How do you make a gerund?
BO. Lesson 7: BOOK 4, Lines 296-313 DIDO FINDS OUT
Vocabulary
1.
2. Tutus, -a, -uma:
3. Praesentiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: know beforehand
4. Dolus, -ī (m): trick
5. Excipiō, -ere, excēpī, exceptus: intercept, receive
6. Futūrus, -a, -um: future,
7. Motus, -ūs (m): emotional disturbance
8. Fallō -ere, fefelī, falsus: deceive
9. Amans, amantis (m): lover
10. īdem, eadem, idem: same
11. impius, -a, -um: wicked
12. deferō, -deferre, detulī, delatus: deliver
13. armō, -āre, -āvī -ātus
14. parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: prepare
15. saeviō, -īre, -īvī, ītus: be furious, rave
16. inops, inopis: bereft of + gen
17. bacchor, bacchārī, bacchātus sum: rush about (like a follower of Bacchus)
18. qualis, quale: just like
19. Thyas Thyadis: a Bacchante
20. Exciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus: arouse
21. Commoveō, -ēre, -commovī, commotus: shake
22. Trietericus, -a, -um: of alternate years
23. Cithaeron, Cithaeronis-Mt. Cithaeron
24. Ultrō: besides, unexpectedly
25. Compellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: accost
26. Perfidus, -a, -um: treacherous
27. Spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: hope
28. Dissimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: hide
29. Tantus, -a, -um: so great
30. Nefas (n): imious deed
31. Tacitus, -a, < -um: silent
32. Decedō, -ere, decessī, decessus: depart
33. Dextera, -ae (f): right hand, solemn pledge
34. Quondam: once, previously
35. Morior, morī, morīrī: die
36. Dquin: indeed
37. Molior, molīrī, molītus sum: prepare
38. Hibernus, -a, -um: wintry, stormy
39. Sidus, Sideris (n): star, season
40. Proper, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: hasten, hurry
41. Aquilo, Aquilonis: north wind
42. Igntus, -a, -um:
43. Classis, classis (m): fleet
44. Undosus, -a, -um: wavey, billowy
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. At regina, timēns (even though) omnia tuta, praesēnsit dolōs.
2. Regina excepit futūrōs motūs.
3. Quis possit fallere amantem?
4. Eadem impia Fama detulit (rumors to the) furentī (raging one-queen):
5. (ind statement-this is the rumor that Fama brings): (that) Classem armārī et cursum parārī
6. (She) saevit, inops animi, incensa, bacchantur per totam urbem . . .
7. Qualis Thyas excita (by the) sacrīs commotīs, . . .
8. ubi trieterica orgia stimulant (her), “Bacchō” auditō, et nocturus Cithaeron vocat (her with a) clamore. *What kind of construction is “Bacchō” auditō?
9. Tandem ultro (she) compellat Aenean (with) hīs vocibus,
10. “Perfide, etiam sperāvistī posse dissimulāre tantum nefas et tacitus decedere ā meā terrā?
11. Nec noster amor tenet tē nec dextera data quondam tenet tē nec Didō moritūra (with) crudelī funere?
* Explain “Didō moritūra”
12. Quin, crudelis, etiam molīris classem in hibernō sidere et properās īre per altum (in mediīs Aquilonibus?
13. Quid? Sī nōn peterēs aliena arva et ignotās domōs, et sī antiqua Troia maneret, (would) Troia peteretur (with) classibus per undosum aequor?”
ANSWER:
1. Review conditionals and translate. Watch Latin Tutorial on Conditions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YYuwRqAO78
2. :
a. Past contrary to fact: Had--, would have: pluperfect subjunctive:
i. Sī nōn petivissēs aliena arva et ignōtās domōs, sī Troia manuisset, Troia petīta esset . . ?
b. Present contrary to fact: were--, would; uses imperfect subjunctive
i. Sī nōn peterēs aliena arva et ignōtās domōs, sī Troia maneret, Troia peteretur . . .
c. Future less vivid; should--, would; uses present subjunctive e
i. Sī nōn petās alienva arva et ignōtās domōs, sī Troia maneat, Troia petātur. . . .
3. Think about the emotional implications of the subjunctive. Watch the Ted Talk on the Dark Side of the Subjunctive.
BP. Lesson 8: BOOK 4: Lines 314-330: Dido Begs Aeneas to Stay: “If only . . .”
Vocabulary:
1.
2. Fugiō, -ere, fūgī, futurus: flee
3. Orō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: bed
4. Quando: when, since
5. Conumbium, -ī (n): marriage
6. Incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptus
7. Hymenaeus, -ī (m): wedding hymn
8. Mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritus: Deserve, merit
9. Quisd, quid: normally means who, what, but “after si, nisi num and nē all the ali’s go away” & it means : anyone, anything
10. Quisquam, quicquam: anyone, anything at all
11. Miserereor, miserērī, miseritus sum: take pity on
(Compare: Miserēre meī, Deus” Psalm 51)
12. Labor, labī, lapsus: slip, fall, go into ruin
13. Adhuc: still
14. Prex, precis (f): prayer, entreaty
15. Exuō, -ere, exuī, exutus: discard
16. Propter: on account of
17. Libycus, -a, -um: Libyan
18. Nomas, nomadis: numidian
19. Odī, odisse, osūrus: hate
20. Infensus, -a, -um: hostile
21. Pudor, pudoris (m): propriety, chastity
22. exstinquō, -ere, exstinxī, exstinctus: blot out
23. hostis, hostis: guest
24. coniunx, coniugis (m): husband
25. **īdem, eadem, idem: same
26. adeō, -īre, īvī, : go to approach
27. sidus, Sideris (n): star
28. deserō, -ere, desruī desertus: abandon
29. moribundus, -a, -um: about to die
30. quoniam:since
31. restō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: survive
32. moror, morārī, morātus sum: delay
33. Pygmalion, Pygmalionis : Pygmalion Dido’s brother
34. Destruō, -ere, destruxī, destructus: destroy
35. Gaetulus, -a, -um: Gaetulian, a north African tribe
36. Saltem: at least
37. Suboles, subolis(f): child
38. Suscipiō, -ere, suscēpī: susceptus: undertake, bear/beget
39. Parvulus, -a, -um: very small
40. Ludō, -ere, lusī, lusus: play
41. Equidem: indeed
42. Omnino: altogether
43. Deserō, -ere, deseruī, desertus: abandon
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. “Fugis-ne me?
2. Ego orō tē, per hās lacrimās et tuam dextram (quando iam ipsa nihil reliquī aliud mihi miserae)
3. Ego orō tē, per nostra conubia, per inceptōs hymnaeōs, . . .
4. Sī meruī quid (quid=anything) bene dē tē, . . .
5. Aut sī quicquam meum (anything of mine) fuit dulce tibi . . .
6. Miserēere (deponent imperative) labentēs domūs . . .
(Miserēre is the deponent (passive form) imperative=Have mercy . . ; Compare Miserēre meī, Deus”
7. Sī adhus quis locus (any place) precibus, exue istam mentem.
8. Propter tē Libycae gentēs et tyrannī Nomadum odērunt mē . . .
9. Propter tē Tyriī (Tyrian/Carthaginian people) infensī mihi . . .
10. Propter tē eundem (=because of the same you/because of you also), meus pudor exstinctus est . . .
11. Propter tē prior fama exstincta est, quā solā adibam ad sidera.
12. Hospes, cuī deseris mē, morbundam, quoniam hoc nomen solum restat dē coniuge?
13. Quid moror?
14. An dum meus frater Pygmalion destrat mea moenia aut Gaetulus Iarbas ducat mē captam?
· Reviewhow to make the present subjunctiveSubjunctives
15. Saltem sī fuisset qua suboles suscepta mihi dē tē ante tuam fugam,
sSī quis (any) parvulus Aeneas luderet mihi in aulā, quī tamen referret tē ore, . .. .
eEquidem nōn vidēerer omnīno capta ac deserta.
· Wonderful contrary to fact conditional:
· Protasis (if clause): fuisset, luderet; Apodosis (then clause): viderer.
ANSWER
1. 15 is 15,16,17 are a mixed conditional sentence. What tense is fuisset? What tense are luderet and referret, and vidēret? Translate carefully.
2. Review conditional sentences with subjunctive verbs. Each one of these 3 sections ends with a powerful conditional sentence. What tense of the subjunctive (but often mixed)? How do we translate?
a. Past contrary to fact
b. Present contrary to fact
c. Future less vivid
3. This is SO SO SAD. Think about the DARK SIDE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE . . .
BQ. Lesson 9: AENEID BOOK 4, Lines 331-344: AENEAS REPLIES: “If I had had my way. . . “
Vocabulary
1.
2. Sic: thus
3. Lumen, luminis (n): eye, gaze
4. Monitum, -ī (n): warning
5. Obnitor, obnitī obnixus: resist, struggle
6. Premō, -ere, pressī, pressus: repress, suppress
7. Cor, cordis (n): heart
8. Referō, -referre, retulī, relatus: bring back, report, say
9. Negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātu; deny
10. Promereor, promerērī, promeritus sum: desert, be worthy of
11. Valeō, -ēre, valuī: be able
12. Enumerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: recount
13. Meminī, meminisse (defective) recall, remember + gen
14. For, farī, fatus sum: say
15. Piget, pigere, piguit pigitum est: it causes regret
16. Elissa, -ae: another name for Dido
17. Memor, memoris: mindful, able to remember
18. Regō, -ere, rexī, rectus: rule, control
19. Artūs, -uum: limbs
20. Loquor, loquī locutus sum: say
21. Spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: hope
22. Abscondō, -ere, abscond, absconditus: hide
23. Furtum, -ī(n): stealth
24. Fingō, -ere,k fīnxī, fictus: imagine (a false thing)
25. Umquam: ever
26. Praetendō, -ere, praetendī, praetentus: extend,
27. Taeda, -ae (f): bridal torch
28. Coniunx, coniugis (m): husband
29. Foedus, foederis (n) agreement
30. Patior, patī, passus sum: allow, suffer
31. Auspicium, -ī (n): authority
32. Componō, -ere, composuī, compositus: calm, settle
33. Spons, spontis, (f): free will
34. Colō, colere, coluī, cultus: care for, tend
35. Reliquae, -ōrum: relics
36. Maiorēs, -um: ancestors
37. Recidivus, -a, -um: restored
38. Pergama, -ōrum: another name for Troy
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. (She)Dixerat.
2. Ille (Aeneas) tenēbat limina immota (because of) monitīs Iovis
3. et (he-Aeneas)obnixus premēbat curam sub corde.
4. Tandem refert pauca verba:
5. “Regina, ego numquam negābō (ind. statement-“that).) tē promeritam esse plurima, quae valēs enumerāre (by) fandō (gerund),
6. Nec pigēbit mē meminisse Elissae, dum ipse sum memor et dum spiritus regit hōs artūs.
7. Loquar pauca verb pro rē.
8. Ego neque sperāvī abscondere hanc fugam (by means of) furtō . .
9. Nē finge! (poetic negative command)
10. Nec umquam praetendī taedās coniungis aut venī in haec foedera.
11. Sī Fata paterentur mē ducere vitam (by) meīs auspiciīs et componere curās (by) mea sponte, . . .
pPrimum colerem Troiam urbem et dulcēs reliquuās meōrum (my people)
alta tecta Priamī maneret,
(ego) posuissem recidiva Pegama (to/for the) victīs (victīs=conquered Trojans) (with) meā manū.
· WONDERFUL CONTRARY FACT CONDITIONAL
· Protasis (if clause): paterenturs; apodosis (then clause)-colerem, manerent, posuissem.
ANSWER:
1. How does the contrary to fact conditional at the end of Dido’s plea parallel the contrary to fact conditional at the end of Aeneas’s reply? Explain.
2. Who is more/less blameworthy, Dido or Aeneas? Have a debate!
Dido: pro
Con
Aeneas: pro
Con
3. What could/should Dido have done differently? What could/should Aeneas have done differently?
4. Think about the contrary to fact conditionals we have seen. Which is the saddest?
BR. Lesson 10: AENEID BOOK 4, Lines 345-361 AENEAS CONTINUESRESPONDS, “Not of my own free will…” Pt 2
Vocabulary:
1.
2. Gryneus, -a. -um: Grynean
3. Sors, sortis (f): oracle
4. Lycia, -ae (F): region in Asia Minor
5. Capessō, -ere, capessīvī, capessitūrus: take hold of
6. Aspectus, -ūs (m): sight
7. Detineō, -ēre, detinuī, detentus, : detain, occupy
8. Phoenissa, -ae, (f): Phoenician woman
9. Invidia-ae (f): hatred,
10. Teucrī, -Orum: Teucrians=Trojans
11. Considō, -ere, consēdī, consessus: settle upon
12. Ausonius, -a, -um: Ausonian=Italian
13. Exterus, -a, -um: foreign
14. Turbidus, -a, -um: troubled
15. Imagō, -imaginis (f): ghost
16. Admoneō, -ere, -admonuī, admonitus: advise
17. Somnus, -ī (m): sleep
18. Quotiēns: as often as
19. Operiō, -īre, operuī, opertus: cover
20. Umeō, -ere, umuī: be damp or dewy
21. Umbra, -ae: shade
22. Igneus, -a, -um: fiery
23. Astrum, -ī (n): star
24. Surgō, -ere, surrexī, ascend
25. Fraudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: deprive of
26. Fatalis, fatale: promised by fate, fated
27. Arvum, -ī (n): field
28. Carus, -a, -um: dear
29. Interpres, interpretis (m): messenger
30. Testor, testārī, testatus sum: swear
31. Uterque, utraque, utrumque: both
32. Aura, -ae (f): breeze
33. Manifestua, -a, -um: clear
34. Lumen, luminis (n): light
35. Hauriō, -īre, hausī, hastus: drink up
36. Auris, auris (f): dear
37. Desino, desinere, desīvī, desitus: cease
38. Incenō, -ere, incendī, incednsus: set on fire, enrage
39. Querela, -a, (f): complaiknt
40. Sequor, sequī, secutus sum: follow
41. Spons, spontis (f): free will
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES
1. “Sed nunc Gryneus Apollo et sortēs Lyciae iussērunt mē capessere magnam Italiam;
2. Hic est meus amor, haec est mea patria.
3. Sī arcēs Karthaginis et aspectus Libyae Urbis detinet tē, Phoenissam, . ..
4. Tanem quae est invidia tibi (for) Teucrōs considere (on) Ausoniā terrā?
5. Et est fas (for) nōs quaerere extera regna.
6. Turbida imagō patris Anchisae admonet et terret mē in somnīs quotiēns nox operit terrās (with) umentibus umbrīs et quotiēns astra surgune;
7. Puer Ascanius, quem fraudō regnō Heperiae et fatalibus arvīs, et iuria carī capitis (head=life) movent mē.
8. Nunc etiam interpres divōrum, missus ab Iove ipsō (testor (by) utrumque caput! ) detulit mandata per celerīs aurās;
9. Ipse vīdī deum intrantem murōs in manifestō lumine et hausī vocem (with) hīs auribus.
10. Desine incendere et mē et tē (with) tuīs querelīs:
11. Nōn sequor Italiam (by) meā sponte.
PLOT:
1. Do you believe Aeneas when he says that he is not heading to Italy of his own free will?
BS. Lesson 11: AENEID BOOK 4, Lines 659-674: Dido Stabs Herself
Vocabulary:
1.
2. Imprimō, -ere, impressī, impressus: press against
3. Torus, -ī m: courch
4. Aiō, say
5. Morior, morī, mortuus sum: die
6. Inultus, -a, -um: unavenged
7. Iuvō, -āre, -āvī, ātus: help, gratify, please
8. Hauriō, -īre, hausī, haustus: drink
9. Omen, ominis (n): omen
10. Comes, comitis (f): attendant, handmaiden
11. Conlabor, conlabī, conlapsus: collapse:
12. Talis, talis: such
13. Ensis, ensis (m): sword, dagger
14. Spumō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: foam
15. Cruor, -oris: blood, gore
16. Spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsus: besplatter
17. Concutiō, concutere, concussī, concussus: agitate, trouble
18. Fremō, -ere, fremuī, fremitus: roar
19. Gemitus, -ūs: groaning
20. Ululatus, -ūs: howling
21. Plango, -ōris: a beating, striking of the breast in sorrow
22. Aliter: otherwise
23. Ruō, -ere, ruī, ruatus: rush to its ruin
24. Immittō, -immittere, immīsī, immissus: let loose for attack
25. Volvō, -ere, volvī, volutus: roll, flow
26. Culmen, culminis: gable, roof
27. Exanimis, exanime: breathless, fainting
28. Exterreō, -ēre, exterruī, exterritus: terrify
29. Trepidus, -a, -um: trembling
30. Foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: disfigure: multilate
31. Unquis, unquis: fingernail
32. pectus, pectoris (n): breast
33.
34. pugnus, -ī (m): fist
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. Didō dīxit, et impressa (having pressed) os (on the) torō ait,
2. “moriēmur inultae, sed moriamur!
Tense of moriēmur? Tense of moriamur? Trnaslate moriamur carefully:
3. Sic, sic, iuvat (mē) īre sub umbrās!
4. Crudelis Dardanus hauriat hunc ignem (with his) oculīs ab altō . . .
Tense of hauriat?
5. Et ferat omina nostrae mortis cum sē.”
Tense of ferat?
6. (She-Dido) Dīxerat, atque comitēs aspiciunt illam conlapsam (by) ferro inter media talia, . .
7. C(comitēs aspiciunt ensem spumantem (with) cruore et comitēs aspiciunt manūs sparsās
8. Clamor it ad alta atria;
9. Fama bacchatur per concussam urbem.
10. Tecta fremunt (with) lamentīs et gemitū et femineō ululatū . . .
11. Et aether resonat (with) magnīs plangoribus, . . .
12. Nōn aliter quam sī omnis Karthagō aut antiqua Tyrōs ruat, hostibus immissīs,
Tense of ruat? Construction of hostibus immissīs?
13. Et furentēs flammae volvantur per culmina hominum et deōrum.
14. Tense of volvantur?
15. Soror , exanimis et exterrita, audit et ruit per mediōs (with) trepidō cursū,
16. Soror, foedāns ora (with) unguibus et pectora pugnīs, ac clamat morentem (feminam=Dido) (by) nomine
BT. Lesson 12: BOOK IV4, lines 675-689 ANNA ADDRESSES THE DYING DIDO
Vocabulary:
1.
2. Germana, -ae (f): =soror
3. Petō, -ere, petīvī, petītus: seek, attack (not its meaning here), entreat
4. Fraus, fraudis (f): fraud
5. Roguuse, -ī: funeral pyre
6. Ara, -ae (f): altar
7. Deserō, -ere, deseruī, desertus: abandon, desert
8. Morior, morīrī, mortuus sum
9. Spernō, -ere, sprevī, spretus: reject, spern
10. Comes, -itis (f/m) companion
11. Īdem, eadem idem: same
12. Ambo, -ae, -o: both
13. Ferrum, -ī (n): iron, sword
14. Struō, -ere, struxī, structus: build
15. Patrius, -a, -um: ancestral
16. Ponō, -ere, posuī, positus: put, place lay to rest
17. Extinguō, -ere, exstinxī, exstinctus: destroy, ruin
18. Sidon, -a, -um: refers to Sidon, a Phoenician City, so=Phoenician=Carthaginian
19. Abluō, -ere, abluī, ablutus: cleanse, wash
20. Vulnus, vulneris (n): wound
21. Lympha, -ae (f): spring water
22. Halitus, -ū (m): exhalation
23. Errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: wander, hover
24. Legō, -ere, lēgī, lectus: read, skim over, catch up
25. Spiritus, -ūs (m): spirit,
26. “Quis, quid” is normally “who, what”, and “aliquis, aliquid” is normally “any”; However, if “quis, quid” comes after “sī, nisī, num or nē”, “quis, quid” is really “aliquis, aliquid”; This is the rule: after sī, nisī, num and nē, all the ali’s go away!
27. Os, oris (n): mouth, i.e. kiss
28. For, far, fatus: speak
29. Evadō, -ere, evasī, evasus: climb
30. Gradus, -ūs: step
31. Amplector, amplexī, amplexus: embrace
32. Semianimis, semianime: half-dead, dying
33. Gemitus, -ūs (m): groan
34. Foveō, -re, fovī, fotus: caress,
35. Sinus, -ūs, (m); bosom, lap
36. Siccō, -āre, āvī, ātus: dry
37. Ater, atra, atrum: dark
38. Cruor, cruoris (m): blood, gore
39. Vestis, vestis, (m): clothing
40. Conor, -ārī, conatus sum: try
41. Attollō, -ere, asustulī, alatus: lift up
42. Deficiō, -ere, defēcī, defectus: faint
43. Rursus: again
44. Infigō, -ere, infīxī, infīxus: drive in
45. Pectus, -ōris, (n): breast
46. Stridō, -ere, strīdī: gurgle
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
· Before she began her suicide, Dido asked her sister Anna for help, but did not tell her she was planning to commit suicide. Dido told Anna that she wanted to make a pile of Aeneas’s belongings and burn them. Anna thought her sister was trying to “get over” her loss of Aeneas, but in reality, Dido’s plan was to climb up on the pile, set fire to the pile (which would then be a funeral pyre), and kill herself. That is the “fraud” Anna is talking about.
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
Anna is talking to the dying Dido
1. “Germana, hoc fuit illud? (was this what you were planning to do?)
2. Petēbās mē fraude?
3. Iste rogus, ignēs et ara parābant hoc mihi?
4. Deserta, quid querar primum?
5. Tense of querar?
6. Moriēns, sprevistī-ne soroem comitem?
7. Vocavissēs me ad eadem fata;
8. What tense if vocavissēs? Translate carefully—optative subjunctive
9. Idem dolor atque eadem hor tulisset nōs ambās ferro.
10. Tense of tulisset? -optative subjunctive.
11. Etiam strux rogum hīs minibus et vocāvī patriōs (with) meā voce. . .
12. Ut, crudelis (sister), abessem tē positā sic?
Tense of abessem? This is an “ut” purpose clause-so that I might be absent.
Tē positā is an ablative absolute “with you having been positioned”
13. Soror, exstinxistī tē et mē et populum et Sidoniōs patrēs et tuam urbem.
14. Date (give to me-allow me-so that I might) abluam vulnera lymphīs . . .
15. Tense of abluam? Implied purpose clause
16. et sī quis (any) extremus halitus errat sr, legam (gather up the spirit with my) ore.”
Tense of errat & legam? What kind of conditional sentence is this??
17. Anna is no longer talking. This is narration:
18. Fata sic, (she-Anna) evaserat altōs gradūs et amplexa semianimem germanam . . .
19. Cum gemitū (she-Anna)fovēbat (her=Dido-in her) sinū atque siccābat atrōs cruōrēs (with her) veste.
20. Illa (that one-Dido) conata attolere, gravēs oculōs deficit rursus;
21. Vulnus, infīxum sub pectore, strīdit.
BU. Lesson 13: AENEID, BOOK 4, Lines 690-705 Iris Cuts a Lock of Dido’s Hair
Vocabulary:
1. Attollo, Attollere, asustulī, alatus: lifet up
2. Adnitor, adnītī, adnixus: make and effort, strive
3. Cubitum, -ī (n) elbow
4. Levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: lift, raise
5. Ter: three times
6. Revolvō, -ere, revolve, revolutus: roll over
7. Torus, -ī (m): couch, bed
8. Quaerō. -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus: look for, seek
9. demissus: send forth
10. Reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertus: discover
11. Ingemō, -ere, ingemuī: groan
12. Miseror, miserārī, miseratus: pity
13. Dolor, -oris (m): pain, suffering
14. Obitus,-ūs (m): death
15. Demittō, -ere, demīsī,demissus: send forth
16. Iris, Iridis: Iris
17. Resolve, -ere, resolve, resolutus: free, release
18. Luctor, luctārī, luctātus: struggle
19. Anima, -ae (f): soul
20. Artūs, -uum (m-pl): limbs, members
21. Necō, -ere, nexuī, nexus: bind,
22. Quia: since
23. Accendō, ere: accendī, accensus: inflame
24. Subitus, -a, -um: sudden
25. Furor, furoris (m): madness, frenzy
26. Proserpina, -ae (f): Proserpina
27. Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablatus: carry off
28. Flavus, -a, -um: blonde
29. Crinis, crinis (m): hair
30. Vertex, verticis: turning point, top, head
31. Nondum: not year
32. Damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: condemn, doom
33. Stygius, -a, -um: Stygian
34. Orcus, -ī : Orcus-Roman god of death
35. Ergo: then
36. Roscidus, -a, -um: dewy
37. Devolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus: fly down
38. Croceus, -a, -um: saffron colored
39. Penna, -ae (f):feather
40. Trahō, -ere, traxī, tractus: drag
41. Advertō, -ere, adverse, adversus: turn to
42. Adversus, -a, -um: facing
43. Astō, astāre, astitī: stand
44. Supra: above
45. Dis, Ditis: Dis (Roman god of the Ter
46. Dextra, -ae Right hand
47. Unā: at the same time, together
48. Calor, -caloris, 9m): glow, warmth
49. Dilabor, dilabī, dilapsus: slip away, glide away
50. Recedō, -ere, recess, recessus: depart
SIMPLIFIED SENTENCES:
1. Ter attolēns sē et adnixa (on her) cubitō, (she-Dido) levāvit sē.
2. Ter revolute est torō, et oculīs errantibus , . . . ..
What construction is oculīs errantibus?
3. (she-Dido) quaesīvit lucem (in) altō caelō, et reperta (lucem), (she) ingemuit.
4. Tum omnipotēns Iunō, miserata longum dolorem et difficilis oblitus, . . .
5. Demīsit Irim (from) Olympō quae revolveret luctantem animam et artūs nexōs.
What tense is revolveret? What kind of subjunctive clause is quae revolveret luctantem . . .?
6. Nam quia nec (by) fatō nec (by) meritā,(she-Dido) perībat, sed (she-Dido) perībat misera ante diem et accensa subitō furore, . . . .
7. nondum Proserpina abstulerat flavum crinem (from) vertice illī (“from the head to her) . . .
8. et nondum damnāverat caput (to Stygiō Orcō).
9. Erga roscida Iris, devolat (on) croceīs pennīs per caelum trahēns mille variōs colorēs, sole adversō, . . .
What construction is sole adverse?
10. Et (she-Iris) stat supra caput.
11. “Iussa (ordered by Iuno), ego ferō hunc (crinem-hair), sacrum Ditī, et solvō tē (from) istō corpore.”
12. Sic aid et secat crinem (with her) dextrā, et una omnis calor dilapsus est, atque vita recessit in ventōs.
Lesson 1 BK4 160-172 DIDO AND AENEAS MEET IN A CAVE
Intereā magnō miscērī murmure caelum160
incipit, īnsequitur commixtā grandine nimbus,
et Tyriī comitēs passim et Trōiāna iuventūs
Dardaniusque nepōs Veneris dīversa per agrōs
tēcta metū petiēre; ruunt dē montibus amnēs.
Spēluncam Dīdō dux et Trōiānus eandem165
dēveniunt. Prīma et Tellūs et prōnuba Iūnō
dant signum; fulsēre ignēs et cōnscius aethēr
cōnubiīs summōque ululārunt vertice nymphae.
Ille diēs prīmus lētī prīmusque malōrum
causa fuit; neque enim speciē fāmāve movētur170
nec iam fūrtīvum Dīdō meditātur amōrem:
coniugium vocat, hōc praetēxit nōmine culpam.
LESSON 2: LINES 173- 188 Rumor IS A STRANGE CREATURE
Extemplō Libyae magnās it Fāma per urbēs,Fāma, malum quā nōn aliud vēlōcius ūllum:mōbilitāte viget vīrēsque adquīrit eundō, 175parva metū prīmō, mox sēsē attollit in aurāsingrediturque solō et caput inter nūbila condit.Illam Terra parēns īrā inrītāta deōrumextrēmam, ut perhibent, Coeō Enceladōque sorōremprōgenuit pedibus celerem et pernīcibus ālīs, 180mōnstrum horrendum, ingēns, cui quot sunt corpore plūmae,tot vigilēs oculī subter –mirabile dictū! –tot linguae, totidem ōra sonant, tot subrigit aurēs.Nocte volat caelī mediō terraeque per umbramstrīdēns, nec dulcī dēclīnat lūmina somnō; 185lūce sedet custōs aut summī culmine tēctīturribus aut altīs, et magnās territat urbēs,tam fictī prāvīque tenāx quam nūntia vērī.
Lesson 3: 189-202: People Talk and Iarbus Hears About It
haec tum multiplici populos sermone replebatgaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat: 190venisse Aenean Troiano sanguine cretum,cui se pulchra viro dignetur iungere Dido;nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovereregnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos.haec passim dea foeda virum diffundit in ora. 195protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarbanincenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras.
Hic Hammone satus rapta Garamantide nymphatempla Iovi centum latis immania regnis,centum aras posuit vigilemque sacraverat ignem, 200excubias divum aeternas, pecudumque cruorepingue solum et variis florentia limina sertis.
Lesson 4: 202-218: IARBUS COMPLAINS TO IUPPITER (and is very sassy!)
isque amens animi et rumore accensus amarodicitur ante aras media inter numina divummulta Iovem manibus supplex orasse supinis: 205'Iuppiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictisgens epulata toris Lenaeum libat honorem,aspicis haec? an te, genitor, cum fulmina torquesnequiquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignesterrificant animos et inania murmura miscent? 210femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbemexiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandumcuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostrareppulit ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit.et nunc ille Paris cum semiviro comitatu, 215Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentemsubnexus, rapto potitur: nos munera templisquippe tuis ferimus famamque fovemus inanem.'
LESSON 5:
Lines 259-279 Mercury reproaches Aeneass for neglecting his duty to Troy, Italy, and Ascanius.
Ut prīmum ālātīs tetigit māgālia plantīs,Aenēān fundantem arcēs ac tēcta nouantem 260cōnspicit. Atque illī stēllātus ïaspide fulvāēnsis erat Tyriōque ārdēbat mūrice laenaōō dēmissa ex umerīs, dives quae mūnera Dīdōfēcerat, et tenuī tēlās discrēverat aurō.Continuō invādit: 'tū nunc Karthāginis altae 265fundāmenta locās pulchramque uxōrius urbemexstruis? Heu, rēgnī rērumque oblīte tuārum!Ipse deum tibi mē clārō dēmittit Olympōrēgnātor, caelum et terrās quī nūmine torquet,ipse haec ferre iubet celerēs mandāta per aurās: 270quid struis? Aut quā spē Libycīs teris ōtia terrīs?Sī tē nūlla movet tantārum glōria rērum[nec super ipse tuā mōlīris laude labōrem,]Ascanium surgentem et spēs hērēdis Iūlīrespice, cui rēgnum Ītaliae Rōmānaque tellūs 275dēbētur.' Tālī Cyllēnius ōre locūtusmōrtālēs vīsūs mediō sermōne relīquitet procul in tenuem ex oculīs ēvānuit auram.
Lesson 6: 279-295: Aeneas is Shocked & Prepares to Leave
At vērō Aenēās aspectū obmūtuit āmēns,
LINEES 279-295: unsure of how to explain to Dido that he must depart, Aeneas prepares his fleet.
arrēctaeque horrōre comae et vōx faucibus haesit. 280Ārdet abīre fugā dulcēsque relinquere terrās, attonitus tantō monitū imperiōque deōrum.Heu, quid agat? Quō nunc rēgīnam ambīre furentemaudeat adfātū? quae prima exordia sumat?atque animum nunc hūc celerem nunc dīvidit illūc 285in partēsque rapit variās perque omnia versat.Haec alternantī potior sententia vīsa est:Mnēsthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum,classem aptent tacitī sociōsque ad lītora cōgant,
arma parent et quae rēbus sit causa novandīs 290dissimulent; sēsē intereā, quandō optima Dīdōnesciat et tantōs rumpī nōn spēret amōrēs,temptātūrum aditūs et quae mollissima fandītempora, quis rēbus dexter modus. Ōcius omnēsimperiō laetī pārent et iussa facessunt. 295
Lesson 7:
Lines 296-303 Dido learns from Rumor of the fleet’s preparations and, in a frenzy, looks for Aeneas.FINDS OUT
At rēgīna dolōs (quis fallere possit amantem?)praesēnsit, mōtūsque excēpit prīma futūrōsomnia tūta timēns. Eadem impia Fāma furentīdētulit armārī classem cursumque parārī.Saevit inops animī tōtamque incēnsa per urbem 300bacchātur, quālis commōtīs excita sacrīsThyias, ubi audītō stimulant trietērica Bacchōorgia nocturnusque vocat clāmōre Cithaerōn.
Lines 304-330 The queen encounters Aeneas, rages at him for his dishonesty, and implores him to stay.
Tandem hīs Aenēān compellat vōcibus ultrō:'dissimulāre etiam spērāstī, perfide, tantum 305posse nefās tacitusque meā decēdere terrā?Nec tē noster amor, nec tē data dextera quondamnec moritūra tenet crūdālī fūnere Dīdō?Quīn etiam hībernō mōlīrī sīdere classemet mediīs properās Aquilōnibus īre per altum, 310crūdēlis? Quid, sī nōn arva aliēna domōsqueignōtās peterēs, et Trōia antīqua manēret,Trōia per undōsum peterētur classibus aequor?
Lesson 8: 314-330: DIDO BEGS AENEAS TO STAY: “IF ONLY …”Mēne fugis? Per ego hās lacrimās dextramque tuam tē(quandō aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa relīqui), 315per cōnūbia nostra, per inceptōs hymenaeōs,sī bene quid dē tē meruī, fuit aut tibi quicquamdulce meum, miserēre domūs lābentis et istam,ōrō, sī quis adhūc precibus locus, exue mentem.
Tē propter Libycae gentēs Nomadumque tyrannī 320ōdēre, īnfēnsī Tyriī; tē propter eundemexstīnctus pudor et, quā sōlā sīdera adībam,fāma prior. Cui mē moribundam dēseris hospes(hoc sōlum nōmen quoniam dē coniuge restat)?Quid moror? An mea Pygmaliōn dum moenia frāter 325dēstruat aut captam dūcat Gaetūulus Ïarbās?Saltem sī qua mihī dē tē suscepta fuissetante fugam subolēs, sī quis mihi parvulus aulālūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamen ōre referret,nōn equidem omnīnō capta ac dēserta vidērer.' 330
Lines 331-34461 Concealing his true love, Aeneas tells Dido that their marriage is Fake and his allegiance lies with his men.AENEAS REPLIES, “If I had had my Way . . . “
Dixerat. Ille Iovis monitīs immōta tenēbatlūmina et obnīxus cūram sub corde premēbat.Tandem pauca refert: 'Ego tē, quae plūrima fandōēnumerāre valēs, numquam, rēgīna, negābōprōmeritam, nec mē meminisse pigēbit Elissae 335dum memor ipse meī, dum spīritus hōs regit artūs.Prō rē pauca loquar. Neque ego hanc abscondere fūrtōspērāvī (nē finge) fugam, nec coniugis umquampraetenī taedās aut haec in foedera vēnī.
Mē sī fāta meīs paterentur dūcere vītam 340auspiciīs et sponte meā compōnere cūrās,urbem Trōiānam prīmum dulcēsque meōrumrēliquiās colerem, Priamī tēcta alta manērent,et recidīva manū posuissem Pergama victīs.
Lesson 10: 345-361: AENEAS CONTINUES: “Not of my own will . . .”
Sed nunc Ītaliam magnam Grynēus Apollō, 345Ītaliam Lyciae iussēre capessere sortēs;hic amor, haec patria est. Sī tē Karthāginis arcēsPhoenissam Libycaeque aspectus dētinet urbis,quae tandem Ausoniā Teucrōs cōnsīdere terrāinvidia est? Et nōs fās extera quaerere rēgna. 350Mē patris Anchīsae, quotiēns ūmentibus umbrīsnox operit terrās, quotiēns astra ignea surgunt,admonet in somnīs et turbida terret imāgō;mē puer Ascanius capitisque iniūria cārī,quem rēgnō Hesperiae fraudō et fātālibus arvīs. 355
Nunc etiam interpres dīvum Iove missus ab ipsō(testor utrumque caput), celerēs mandāta per aurāsdētulit: ipse deum manifestō in lūmine vīdīintrantem mūrōs vōcemque hīs auribus hausī.Dēsine mēque tuīs incendere tēque querēlis; 360Ītaliam nōn sponte sequor.'
Lesson 11: Book 4.659-705: Dido Stabs Herself
Lines 659-692 Even as Dido takes her last breath, lamentation fills the city, and Anna rushes to her sister.
Dīxit, et ōs impressa torō “Moriēmur inultae,sed moriāmur,” ait. “Sīc, sīc iuvat īre sub umbrās. 660Hauriat hunc oculīs ignem crudēlis ab altōDardanus, et nostrae sēcum ferat ōmina mortis.”Dīxerat, atque illam media inter tālia ferrōconlāpsam aspiciunt comitēs, ēnsemque cruōrespūmantem sparsāsque manūs. It clāmor ad alta 665ātria: concussam bacchātur Fāma per urbem.Lāmentīs gemitūque et fēmineō ululātūtēcta fremunt, resonat magnīs plangōribus aethēr,nōn aliter quam sī immissīs ruat hostibus omnisKarthāgō aut antīqua Tyros, flammaeque furentēs 670culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deōrum.Audiit exanimis trepidōque exterrita cursū,unguibus ōra soror foedāns et pectora pugnīsper mediōs ruit, ac morientem nōmine clāmat:
Lesson 12: 675-689: ANNA ADDRESSES THE DYING DIDO
“Hoc illud, germāna, fuit? Mē fraude petēbās? 675Hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignēs āraeque parābant?Quid prīmum dēserta querar? Comitemne sorōremsprēvistī moriēns? Eadem mē ad fāta vocāssēs;īdem ambās ferrō dolor atque eadem hōra tulisset.Hīs etiam strūxī manibus patriōsque vocāvī 680vōce deōs, sīc tē ut positā, crūdēlis, abessem?Exstīnxtī tē mēque, soror, populumque patrēsqueSīdoniōs urbemque tuam. Date, vulnera lymphīsabluam et, extrēmus sī quis super hālitus errat,ōre legam. “Sīc fāta gradūs ēvāserat altōs, 685sēmianimemque sinū germānam amplexa fovēbatcum gemitū atque ātrōs siccābat veste cruōrēs.Illa gravēs oculōs cōnāta attollere, rūrsusdēficit; īnfixum strīdit sub pectore vulnus.
Lesson 13: 690-705: Iris Cuts a Lock of Dido’s Hair
Ter sēsē attollēns cubitōque adnīxa levāvit, 690ter revolūta torō est oculīsque errantibus altōquaesīvit caelō lūcem ingemuitque repertā.
Lines 693- 705 Juno sends Iris from Olympus to cut a lock of Dido’s hair, releasing her soul to the Underworld.
Tum Iūnō omnipotēns longum miserāta dolōremdifficilēsque obitūs Īrim dēmīsit Olympōquae luctantem animam nexōsque resolveret artūs. 695Nam quia nec fātō meritā nec morte perībat,sed misera ante diem subitōque accēnsa furōre,nōndum illī flāvum Prōserpina vertice crīnemabstulerat Stygiōque caput damnāverat Orcō.Ergō Īris croceīs per caelum rōscida pennīs 700mīlle trahēns variōs aduersō sōle colōrēsdēvolat et suprā caput astitit. “Hunc ego Dītīsacrum iussa ferō tēque istō corpore solvō”;sīc ait et dextrā crīnem secat, omnis et ūnādīlāpsus calor atque in ventōs vīta recessit. 705
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1
AENEID
BOOK IV
Book 4: Lines 160
-
218, 259
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361, 659
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705
INDE
X
A.
Lesson 1: 160
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172
Aeneas & Dido Meet in a Cave
B.
Lesson 2: 173
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188
Rumor is a Strange Creature!
C.
Lesson 3: 189
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202
RUMOR
REACHES IARBUS
D.
Lesson 4: 202
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218
Iarbus Complains to Iuppiter (and is very sassy)
E.
Lesson 5: 256
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278
Mercury Reproaches Aeneas
F.
Lesson 6: 279
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295
Aeneas is Shocked & Prepares to Leave
G.
Lesson 7: 296
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313
Dido Finds Out
H.
Lesson 8: 314
-
330
Dido Begs Aeneas To
Stay, “If only . . .”
I.
Lesson 9: 331
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344
Aeneas Replies: “If I had had my way . . .
”
J.
Lesson 10: 345
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361
Aeneas Continues: “Not of my own free will . .”
K.
Lesson 11: 659
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574
Dido Stabs Herself
L.
Lesson 12: 6
75
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689 Anna Addresses the Dying Dido
M.
Lesson 13:
690
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705 Iris Cuts a Lock of Dido’s Hair