alan turing andalan turing and his gdc/work/turingcentenary.pdf · pdf fileidt open...

IDT Open Seminar p

ALAN TURING ANDALAN TURING AND HIS LEGACY

100 Years Turing celebration

Gordana Dodig Crnkovic, Computer Science and Network Departmentp p

Mlardalen UniversityMarch 8th 2012

http://www.mrtc.mdh.se/~gdc/work/TuringCentenary.pdf

http://www mrtc mdh se/~gdc/work/TuringMachine pdf

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http://www.mrtc.mdh.se/ gdc/work/TuringMachine.pdf

2012 ALAN TURING YEAR

2012 has been officially d l d Al T i Ydeclared Alan Turing Year to celebrate the centenary of his birthof his birth.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BEAxoknHgo (2 min) Alan Turing Documentary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKk8qYIf4oI (4.27 min) Remembering Alan Turing

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TURING RESOURCES

Alan Turing as a founder of computability theory, mathematician mathematician, philosopher, codebreaker, natural philosopher, visionary man before his time:

http://www.cs.usfca.edu/www.AlanTuring.net/turing_archive/index.htmlJack Copeland and Diane Proudfoothttp://www.turing.org.uk/turing The Alan Turing Home Page, Andrew Hodges

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VIDEOhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BEAxoknHgo (2 min) Alan Turing Documentary Teaserp y g ( ) g y

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKk8qYIf4oI (4.27 min) Remembering Alan Turing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61s2_UEhJg8&feature=related (6 min) The Dream Machine - BBC - Giant Brains 4

http://www youtube com/watch?v=S23yie-779k&feature=youtube gdata player (90 min) Turing Biographyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v S23yie 779k&feature youtube_gdata_player (90 min) Turing Biography

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhhXy8TITqM&feature=related (44 min) Dangerous Knowledge (part 2)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMhfuQ16SS0&feature=related (44 min) Dangerous Knowledge (part 1)

http://www youtube com/watch?NR=1&v=i 1LxIEMC58&feature=endscreen (0 26 min) LEGO Turing machinehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=i-1LxIEMC58&feature=endscreen (0.26 min) LEGO Turing machine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY&feature=related (3 min) DNA Transcription and Protein Assembly

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uya91t4rAlE&feature=related (3.17 min) (in Spanish, beautiful documentary material)

htt // t b / t h? ZU J6 C 4A&f t l t d ( t 1) (5 53 i ) (It li d d t t i l)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZUxJ6rCx4A&feature=related (part 1) (5.53 min) (Italian, very good documentary material)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8mxeIDw-0s&feature=related (part 2) (7.29 min) (Italian, rich documentary material)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgW6HplOZV0&feature=youtubegdata_player (7.27 min) Alan Turing, Enigma

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7_WzNzHwJY (9.58 min) The Death of Alan Turing

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TIMELINE OF ALAN TURINGS LIFETIMELINE OF ALAN TURING S LIFE

1912 (23 June): Birth, London

1926-31: Sherborne School

1930: Death of friend Christopher Morcom

1931 34: Undergraduate at King's College Cambridge University1931-34: Undergraduate at King's College, Cambridge University

1932-35: Quantum mechanics, probability, logic

1935: Elected fellow of King's College, Cambridge

1936: The Turing machine, computability, universal machine

1936-38: Princeton University. Ph.D. Logic, algebra, number theory

1938-39: Return to Cambridge Introduced to German Enigma cipher machine1938-39: Return to Cambridge. Introduced to German Enigma cipher machine

1939-40: The Bombe, machine for Enigma decryption

1939-42: Breaking of U-boat Enigma, saving battle of the Atlantic

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TIMELINE OF ALAN TURINGS LIFETIMELINE OF ALAN TURING S LIFE

1943-45: Chief Anglo-American crypto consultant. Electronic work.

1945: National Physical Laboratory, London

1946: Computer and software design, world leading.

1947-48: Programming, neural nets, and artificial intelligence

1948: Manchester University

1949: First serious mathematical use of a computer1949: First serious mathematical use of a computer

1950: The Turing Test for machine intelligence

1951: Elected FRS. Non-linear theory of biological growth

1952: Arrested as a homosexual, loss of security clearance

1953-54: Unfinished work in biology and physics

1954 (7/6 42 ld) D th ( i id ) b id i i

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1954 (7/6, 42 years old): Death (suicide) by cyanide poisoning

2009: APOLOGY

In August 2009, petition started urging the British Government to posthumously apologize to Alan Turing for prosecuting him as a homosexual. The petition received thousands of signatures. Prime Minister Gordon Brown acknowledged the petition, releasing a statement on 10 September 2009 apologizing and describing Turing's treatment as "appalling":[

Thousands of people have come together to demand justice for Alan Turing and recognition of the appalling* way he was treated. While Turing was dealt with under the law of the time and we can't put the clock back his treatment was of coursethe law of the time and we can t put the clock back, his treatment was of course utterly unfair and I am pleased to have the chance to say how deeply sorry I and we all are for what happened to him ... So on behalf of the British government, and all those who live freely thanks to Alan's work I am very proud to say: we're sorry, you deserved so much better.

* = inexcusable inexcusable

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TURINGS GROUNDBREAKINGTURING S GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTIONS

Logic (Computability)

Computing (Universal Machine Stored program Computing (Universal Machine, Stored program,

algorithm)

Artificial intelligence (Turing Test, Unorganized

machines)

Biology (Morphogenesis)

Codebreaking during the WWII (Enigma machine) Codebreaking during the WWII (Enigma machine) 8

TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

Even though Turing made truly profound impact on

all of the fields he was active in his production ofall of the fields he was active in, his production of

published articles was modest less than 30 in total

f 1937 t 1954 *from 1937 to 1954.*

*17 years, less than 2 papers published per yeary p p p p y

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TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

Mathematical Logic (7)

TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

Mathematical Logic (7)O C t bl N b ith li ti t th E t h id bl P L d M th On Computable Numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proc. Lond. Math.

Soc. (2) 42 pp 230-265 (1936); correction ibid. 43, pp 544-546 (1937).

Computability and -definability, J. Symbolic Logic 2 pp 153-163 (1937)

The p-function in -K conversion, J. Symbolic Logic 2 p 164 (1937)

Systems of logic based on ordinals, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc (2) 45 pp 161-228 (1939) This was also

Turing's Princeton Ph.D. thesis (1938)

(with M. H. A. Newman) A formal theorem in Church's theory of types, J. Symbolic Logic 7 pp 28-

33 (1942)

The use of dots as brackets in Church's system, J. Symbolic Logic 7, pp 146-156 (1942)

Practical forms of type-theory, J. Symbolic Logic 13, pp 80-94 (1948)

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TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

Mechanical Intelligence (11)TURING S PUBLICATIONS

g ( ) Proposed Electronic Calculator, Turing's ACE computer plan, was produced as a typescript in early 1946, an internal National

Physical Laboratory document. The original copy is in the (British) National Archives, in the file DSIR 10/385. The report was first published as the NPL report, Com. Sci. 57 (1972), with a foreword by Donald W. Davies.

Lecture to the London Mathematical Society, February 1947. Published in 1986 as a companion to the 1946 report in the same y, y p pMIT Press volume.

Intelligent Machinery, report written by Turing for the National Physical Laboratory, 1948. The paper was first published in 1968, within the book Cybernetics: Key Papers, eds. C. R. Evans and A. D. J. Robertson, University Park Press, Baltimore Md.and Manchester (1968).

Programmers' Handbook for the Manchester electronic computer, Manchester University Computing Laboratory (1950) Local Programming Methods and Conventions, in the Manchester University Computer Inaugural Conference, July 1951. Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind 49, pp 433-460 (1950) Chess, a subsection of chapter 25, Digital Computers Applied to Games, of Faster than Thought, ed. B. V. Bowden, Pitman,

London (1953) Intelligent Machinery: A heretical theory, a talk given by Turing at Manchester, typescript in the Turing Archive, included in

S T i ' i ( b l ) N t i l d d i th C ll t d W k b t i l d d ( d B J C l d) i K F k DSara Turing's memoir (see below). Not included in the Collected Works, but included (ed. B. J. Copeland) in K. Furukawa, D. Michie, S. Muggleton (eds.), Machine Intelligence 15, Oxford University Press (1999) and also in The Essential Turing.

Can digital computers think?, Radio broadcast, 1951 not included in the Collected Works, but included (ed. B. J. Copeland) in K. Furukawa, D. Michie, S. Muggleton (eds.), Machine Intelligence 15, Oxford University Press (1999), and in The Essential Turing.

Can automatic calculating machines be said to think? Radio broadcast, 1952: discussion with M. H. A. Newman, G. Jefferson, g , , ,R. B. Braithwaite, not included in the Collected Works, but included (ed. B. J. Copeland) in K. Furukawa, D. Michie, S. Muggleton (eds.), Machine Intelligence 15, Oxford University Press (1999), and in The Essential Turing.

Solvable and Unsolvable Problems, Science News 31, pp 7-23 (1954) 11

TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

P M th ti (8)

TURINGS PUBLICATIONS

Pure Mathematics (8) Equivalence of Left and Right Almost Periodicity