alat - chapter 4ularnews.osu.edu/files/2011/02/...ch-4_withanswers.pdf · • occupational health...
TRANSCRIPT
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ALAT - Chapter 4
Occupational Health and Safety
Dr. Carrie Freed, DACLAM, DVM, MLAS
[email protected], 292-7319
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OSHA
• Every institution with an animal research program
must have an occupational health and safety
program
• Who is OSHA?
– Department of Labor
• Occupational Health and Safety Administration
– main federal agency that enforces rules or standards related
to workplace safety
• Main areas of interest
– zoonotic disease
– allergen exposure
– accident and injury reporting
– ergonomics
• Also state and local standards apply
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Other Safety Standards
• Radioactive materials
– NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission
• Infectious agents
– CDC = Center for Disease Control
– Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
(BMBL), published by the CDC
• Other references
– ILAR published
• Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of
Research Animals
• Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of
Nonhuman Primates
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Occupational Health Program is usually coordinated by:
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Health Screening
• Detailed questionnaire and medical history
– You should disclose allergies or medical
conditions
• 10-44 % of workers develop allergies
• Allergies -> asthma
• Pregnancy - cats/Toxoplasma gondi
• Risk Assessment
– Protecting the animals (NHP)
• Tuberculin skin test
• Ensure titer levels or be vaccinated for measles,
mumps, and influenza
– Protecting you!!
• Vaccination recommendation: Hepatitis B,
Rabies, study specific pathogens
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Personal Hygiene
• Eating and drinking only in appropriate areas
• Proper storage of personal items
• Proper hand washing
• Entry and exit showers
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Personal Protective Equipment
• Uniforms vs street clothes
• Appropriate footwear
• Bonnets
• Eye & Face protection
– splashes but not aerosols
• Masks & Respirators/PAPR
• Gloves
• Hearing protection (required in areas averaging
over 85 Db in 8 hours)
• Always wear appropriate PPE and follow SOPs
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Respiratory protection N-95 NIOSH respirator :
-effectively limits 95% of agents
0.3 um in size
Beyond your
test info, just
FYI
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Occupational Health and Safety Program
What are the risks?
•Physical
•Bite wounds, falls, equipment
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Occupational Health and Safety Program
What are the risks?
•Physical
•Chemical: cleaning, disinfectants,
solvents, etc
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Occupational Health and Safety Program
What are the risks?
http://idiopathicmedicine.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/needlestick1.jpeg
Sharps
Testing agents
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• Pressurized gas
• Noise
– Machinery, vocal animals
• Dim lighting
• Electricity
• Radioactive materials
– Time
– Distance
– Shielding
Hazards
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Hazard Prevention • Material safety data sheets (MSDS) should be
available for all chemicals used with the animal
facility
• Store and label chemical properly
• Clean up spills immediately
• Clear exits and plans
http://www.msdsonline.com/
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Hazard Prevention • Know where emergency
showers and eye wash stations
are located
• How long must a body part or
eye be flushed to be considered
effective ?
– 15 minutes
– High pressure or low pressure?
– Water or Saline?
This is determined by?
– ANSI (American National
Standards Institute)?
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Ergonomic Hazards • Most common type of injury: sprains and strains
aka musculo-skeletal
– Always use proper technique for lifting
• Repetitive motion injuries
– Take short frequent breaks to stretch
– Perform different tasks
• Allergens
– Symptoms include nasal discharge, itchy eyes, skin
rashes
– What are the most common allergens?
• Mouse urine, dander, fur
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Infectious Hazards • What does
zoonotic mean?
– Can be transmitted
from animals to
humans
• How can zoonotic
diseases be
prevented?
– PPE and properly
following SOPs
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Examples of Zoonotic Disease
• Rabies
– Caused by bites from mammals infected with virus
especially bats, raccoons, skunks, dogs, cats, ruminants
– Causes death without medical treatment
• Tuberculosis
– Caused by inhalation of aerosols or contact with broken
skin
– Transmitted by many species
• Toxoplasmosis
– Caused by ingestion or inhalation of infected cat feces or
contaminated meat
– Causes flu-like symptoms, birth defects, miscarriages
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Examples of Zoonotic Disease
• Q fever – Cattle, sheep, and goats are primary host of infective
organism. Highest concentration of organism found
in female reproductive tissues and amniotic fluid of
pregnant animals
• B virus – Caused by virus present in any species of macaque
monkey
– Monkeys show no sign of disease
– Potentially fatal to humans!
– Use appropriate precautions and PPE at all times
when near macaques, caging, and wastes
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Biohazardous Agents
• Agents that cause disease in humans. Animals
may be experimentally infected with these
microorganisms.
• These types of studies are conducted in
designated areas designed for safe handling and
containment of organisms.
• Require additional safety equipment and
practices when handling animals and also
their wastes and caging
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Signs
• Signs are required for identification of each type
of hazardous material.
– Placed on the doors and walls
– Provide additional contact information
• ALATs should recognize the following symbols
• FIG 4.2 …
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What to do in case of an accident ?
• First Aid : TOP PRIORITY
– Eye or mouth Splash
• Flush – 15 minute
– Wound from bite or scratch
• Placed under running water for 15 minutes
• Scrub with Soap
• Reporting
• Evaluation of Person
• Investigate Accident
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• If you are present in the facility when a major
disaster or accident occurs, what should be
your first priority?
Preserve human life
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• What type of injury can be prevented by taking
frequent short breaks to rest and stretch the
body?
• Which animal is most likely to harbor the B
virus?
• What is the minimum sound level that is
considered a noise hazard?
Repetitive motion
Macaque
85dB
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THE
END