albania administration

8/11/2019 Albania Administration

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Administrative divisions[edit]

Main article:Administrative divisions of Albania

Administrative Divisions

of Albania

Counties Qark

Municipalities Bashki/Komun

Cities Qytet

Villages Fshat

v

t

e

Albania is divided into 12 administrative counties (Albanian:qark or prefektur) and 373municipalities (Albanian:bashki or komun). 72 municipalities have city status (Albanian:qytet). There are overall 2980 villages/communities (Albanian:fshat) in all Albania. Each districthas its council which is composed of a number of municipalities. In 2000, districts wereabolished and counties re-established.[47]The municipalities are the first level of localgovernance, responsible for local needs and law enforcement.[48]Recently, it was announced thata new administrative division reform will be introduced in 2014.[49][50]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albania_districts.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Administration_in_Albania&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Administration_in_Albania&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albania_districts.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Administration_in_Albania&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Administration_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=16


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Counties Districts Municipalities Communes Localities

1 BeratBerat

Kuov

Skrapar

2

1

2

10

2

8

122

18

105

2 DibrBulqiz

Dibr

Mat

1

1

2

7

14

10

63

141

76

3 DurrsDurrs

Kruj

4

2

6

4

62

44

4 Elbasan

ElbasanGramsh

Librazhd

Peqin

31

2

1

209

9

5

17795

75

49

5 Fier

Fier

Lushnj

Mallakastr

3

2

1

14

14

8

117

121

40
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%A7ov%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%A7ov%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrapar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrapar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqiz%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqiz%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramsh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramsh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librazhd_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librazhd_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peqin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peqin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallakast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallakast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlbaniaNumberedPrefectures.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallakast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushnj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fier_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peqin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librazhd_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramsh_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulqiz%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dib%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrapar_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%A7ov%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villages_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counties_of_Albania


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6 GjirokastrGjirokastr

Prmet

Tepelen

2

2

2

11

7

8

96

98

77

7 Kor

Devoll

Kolonj

KorPogradec

1

2

21

4

6

147

44

76

15372

8 KuksHas

Kuks

Tropoj

1

1

1

3

14

7

30

89

68

9 LezhKurbin

Lezh

Mirdit

3

1

2

4

9

5

26

62

80

10ShkodrMalsi e Madhe

Puk

Shkodr

1

2

2

5

8

15

56

75

141

11TiranaKavaj

Tirana

2

3

8

16

65

154

12VlorDelvin

Sarand

Vlor

1

2

4

3

7

9

38

62

99

Geography[edit]

Main article:Geography of Albania

A satellite image of Albania
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepelen%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepelen%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoll_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoll_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradec_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradec_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropoj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropoj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%ABsi_e_Madhe_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%ABsi_e_Madhe_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puk%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puk%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavaj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavaj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delvin%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delvin%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albania_space.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarand%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delvin%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavaj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puk%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%ABsi_e_Madhe_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirdit%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurbin_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropoj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Has_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABs_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogradec_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonj%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devoll_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepelen%C3%AB_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrmet_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABr_County


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Albania has a total area of 28,748 square kilometres (11,100 square miles). It lies betweenlatitudes39and43 N,and mostly between longitudes19and21 E(a small area lies east of21). Albania's coastline length is 476 km (296 mi)[51]:240and extends along theAdriaticandIonian Seas.The lowlands of the west face the Adriatic Sea.

The 70% of the country that is mountainous is rugged and often inaccessible from the outside.The highest mountain isKorabsituated in thedistrict of Dibr,reaching up to 2,764 metres(9,068 ft). The climate on the coast is typicallyMediterraneanwith mild, wet winters and warm,sunny, and rather dry summers.

Inland conditions vary depending on elevation, but the higher areas above 1,500 m/5,000 ft arerather cold and frequently snowy in winter; here cold conditions with snow may linger intospring. Besides the capital city ofTirana,which has 420,000 inhabitants, the principal cities areDurrs,Kor,Elbasan,Shkodr,Gjirokastr,VlorandKuks.In Albanian grammar, a wordcan have indefinite and definite forms, and this also applies to city names: both TiranandTirana, Shkodrand Shkodraare used.

The three largest and deepest tectonic lakes of theBalkan Peninsulaare partly located inAlbania.Lake Shkodrin the country's northwest has a surface which can vary between 370 km2(140 sq mi) and 530 km2, out of which one third belongs to Albania and rest to Montenegro. TheAlbanian shoreline of the lake is 57 km (35 mi). Ohrid Lakeis situated in the country's southeastand is shared between Albania and Republic of Macedonia. It has a maximal depth of 289 metersand a variety of unique flora and fauna can be found there, including "living fossils" and manyendemic species. Because of its natural and historical value, Ohrid Lake is under the protectionofUNESCO.There is also Butrinti Lake which is a small tectonic lake. It is located in thenational park of Butrint.

Climate[edit]

TheAlbanian Riviera,panoramic view

With its coastline facing the Adriatic and Ionian seas, its highlands backed upon the elevatedBalkan landmass, and the entire country lying at a latitude subject to a variety of weatherpatterns during the winter and summer seasons, Albania has a high number of climatic regionsrelative to its landmass. The coastal lowlands have typically Mediterranean weather; thehighlands have a Mediterranean continental climate. In both the lowlands and the interior, theweather varies markedly from north to south.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/43rd_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/43rd_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/43rd_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-Albania_pdf-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-Albania_pdf-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-Albania_pdf-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Korabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Korabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Korabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Dib%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Dib%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Dib%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrid_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrid_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrid_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Rivierahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Rivierahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Rivierahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albania_,_summer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Rivierahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrid_Lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuk%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjirokast%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durr%C3%ABshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Dib%C3%ABrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Korabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionian_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-Albania_pdf-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_meridian_easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/43rd_parallel_northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th_parallel_north


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The lowlands have mild winters, averaging about 7 C (45 F). Summer temperatures average24 C (75 F). In the southern lowlands, temperatures average about 5 C (9 F) higherthroughout the year. The difference is greater than 5 C (9 F) during the summer and somewhatless during the winter.

Inland temperatures are affected more by differences in elevation than by latitude or any otherfactor. Low winter temperatures in the mountains are caused by the continental air mass thatdominates the weather in Eastern Europe and theBalkans.Northerly and northeasterly windsblow much of the time. Average summer temperatures are lower than in the coastal areas andmuch lower at higher elevations, but daily fluctuations are greater. Daytime maximumtemperatures in the interior basins andriver valleysare very high, but the nights are almostalways cool.

Averageprecipitationis heavy, a result of the convergence of the prevailing airflow from theMediterranean Seaand the continental air mass. Because they usually meet at the point where theterrain rises, the heaviest rain falls in the central uplands. Vertical currents initiated when the

Mediterranean air is uplifted also cause frequent thunderstorms. Many of these storms areaccompanied by high local winds and torrential downpours.

When the continental air mass is weak, Mediterranean winds drop their moisture farther inland.When there is a dominant continental air mass, cold air spills onto the lowland areas, whichoccurs most frequently in the winter. Because the season's lower temperatures damage olive treesand citrus fruits, groves and orchards are restricted to sheltered places with southern and westernexposures, even in areas with high average winter temperatures.

Lowland rainfall averages from 1,000 millimeters (39.4 in) to more than 1,500 millimeters(59.1 in) annually, with the higher levels in the north. Nearly 95% of the rain falls in the winter.

Landscape of Albanian countryside

Rainfall in the upland mountain ranges is heavier. Adequate records are not available, andestimates vary widely, but annual averages are probably about 1,800 millimeters (70.9 in) andare as high as 2,550 millimeters (100.4 in) in some northern areas. The western Albanian Alps(valley of Boga) are among the wettest areas in Europe, receiving some 3,100 mm (122.0 in) ofrain annually.[52]The seasonal variation is not quite as great in the coastal area.
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The higher inland mountains receive less precipitation than the intermediate uplands. Terraindifferences cause wide local variations, but the seasonal distribution is the most consistent of anyarea.

In 2009, an expedition from University of Colorado discovered four small glaciers in the

"Cursed" mountains in North Albania. The glaciers are at the relatively low level of 2,000 metres(6,600 ft), almost unique for such a southerly latitude.[53]

Flora and fauna[edit]

Thelynxstill survives in Albania.[54]

Although a small country, Albania is distinguished for its richbiologicaldiversity. The variationof geomorphology, climate and terrain create favorable conditions for a number of endemic andsub-endemicspecies with 27 endemic and 160 subendemic vascular plants present in thecountry. The total number of plants is over 3250 species, approximately 30% of the entire floraspecies found in Europe.

Over a third of the territory of Albaniaabout 10,000 square kilometres (3,861 square miles);is forested and the country is very rich in flora. About 3,000 different species of plants grow inAlbania, many of which are used for medicinal purposes.Phytogeographically,Albania belongsto theBoreal Kingdom,theMediterranean Regionand the Illyrian province of theCircumborealRegion.Coastal regions and lowlands have typical Mediterraneanmacchiavegetation, whereasoakforests and vegetation are found on higher elevations. Vast forests ofblack pine,beechandfirare found on higher mountains and alpinegrasslandsgrow at elevations above 1800 meters.[55]

According to theWorld Wide Fund for Natureand Digital Map of European Ecological Regionsby theEuropean Environment Agency,the territory of Albania can be subdivided into threeecoregions:theIllyrian deciduous forests,Pindus Mountains mixed forestsandDinaric Alpinemixed forests. The forests are home to a wide range of mammals, includingwolves,bears,wildboarsandchamois.Lynx,wildcats,pine martensandpolecatsare rare, but survive in some partsof the country.
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kipedia.org/wiki/Macchiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumboreal_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumboreal_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boreal_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytogeographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sub-endemic&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albania&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania#cite_note-54


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Golden eaglethe national symbol of Albania.[56]

There are around 760 vertebrate species found so far in Albania. Among these there are over 350bird species, 330 freshwater and marine fish and 80 mammal species. There are some 91 globallythreatened species found within the country, among which theDalmatian pelican,Pygmycormorant,and theEuropean sea sturgeon.Rocky coastal regions in the south provide goodhabitats for the endangeredMediterranean monk seal.

Some of the most significant bird species found in the country include thegolden eagleknownas the national symbol of Albania[56]vulturespecies,capercaillieand numerouswaterfowl.TheAlbanian forests still maintain significant communities of large mammals such as thebrownbear,gray wolf,chamoisandwild boar.[55]The north and eastern mountains of the country arehome to the last remainingBalkan Lynxa critically endangered population of theEurasianlynx.[57]

Economy[edit]

Main article:Economy of Albania

See also:Agriculture in Albania

Tiranathe capital and economic hub of Albania.

TiranaT.I.D tower
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Albania's transition from asocialistcentrally planned economyto free-marketcapitalismhasbeen largely successful.[58]There are signs of increasing investments, and power cuts are reducedto the extent that Albania is now exporting energy.[59]In 2012, itsGDP per capita(expressed inPurchasing Power Standards)stood at 30% of the EU average, while AIC (Actual IndividualConsumption)was 35%.[60]Still, Albania has shown potential for economic growth, as more and

more businesses relocate there and consumer goods are becoming available from emergingmarket traders as part of the current massive global cost-cutting exercise. Albania, Cyprus, andPoland are the only countries in Europe that recorded economic growth in the first quarter of2010.[61][62]International Monetary Fund(IMF) predicted 2.6% growth for Albania in 2010 and3.2% in 2011.[63]

Albania and Croatia have discussed the possibility of jointly building a nuclear power plant atLakeShkoder,close to theborderwith Montenegro, a plan that has gathered criticism fromMontenegro due to seismicity in the area.[64]In addition, there is some doubt whether Albaniawould be able to finance a project of such a scale with a total national budget of less than$5 billion.[8]However, in February 2009 Italian companyEnelannounced plans to build an 800

MW coal-fired power plant in Albania, to diversify electricity sources.

[65]

Nearly 100% of theelectricity is generated by ageing hydroelectric power plants, which are becoming moreineffective due to increasing droughts.[65]However, there have been many private investments inbuilding new hydroelectric power plants such asDevoll Hydro Power Plant,the Ashtahydropower plant etc.

The country has large deposits of petroleum and natural gas, and produced 26.000 barrels of oilper day in the first quarter of 2014 (BNK-TC).[66][67]Natural gas production, estimated at about 30million m, is sufficient to meet consumer demands.[8]Other natural resources include coal,bauxite,copper and iron ore.

Agricultureis the most significant sector, employing a significant proportion of the labor forceand generating about 21% of GDP. Albania produces significant amounts of wheat,corn,tobacco,figs(13th largest producer in the world)[68]andolives.

Tourismis gaining a fair share of Albania's GDP with visitors growing every year. As of 2014exportsseem to gain momentum and have increased 300% from 2008, although theircontribution to the GDP is still moderate ( the exports per capita ratio currently stands at 1100 $ ).http://www.worlddiplomacy.orgstates that "Although Albania's growth has slowed in 2013tourism is expanding rapidly and foreign investments are becoming more common as thegovernment continues the modernization of Albania's institutions."[58]

Tourism[edit]

Main article:Tourism in Albania
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Porto Palermo Castlesouth of Himara

Ancient Amphitheater ofButrint

Seaside town ofSarandaacross fromCorfu

Albanian Alpsin northern Albania

A large part of Albania's national income comes fromtourism.Tourism - as of 2013 - funds 10%of its gross domestical product, and this is expected to increase. Albania welcomed around 4.2million visitors in 2012, mostly from neighbouring countries and theEuropean Union.In 2011,Albania was recommended as a top travel destination, byLonely Planet.[69]In 2014 Albania wasnominated number 4 global touristic destination byNew York Times[70]
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The bulk of the tourist industry is concentrated along theAdriaticand theIonian Seacoast. Thelatter has the most beautiful and pristine beaches, and is often called theAlbanian Riviera.Albanian seaside has a considerable length of 450 km, including even thelagoonarea which youfind within. The seaside has a particular character because it is rich in varieties of sandy beaches,capes, coves, covered bays, lagoons, small gravel beaches, sea caves etc. Some parts of this

seaside are very clean ecologically, which represent in this prospective unexplored areas, veryrare inMediterraneanarea.[71]

The increase in foreign visitors is dramatic, Albania had only 500,000 visitors in 2005, while in2012 had an estimated 4.2 million tourists. An increase of 840% in only 7 years. Several ofcountrys main cities are situated along the pristine seashores of the Adriatic and IonianSeas. Animportant gateway to theBalkan Peninsula,Albanias ever-growing road network providesjuncture to reach its neighbors in north south, east, and west. Albania is within close proximity toall the major European capitals with short two or three hour flights that are available daily.Tourists can see and experience Albanias ancient past and traditional culture.[72]

Seventy percent of Albania's terrain is mountainous and there are valleys that spread in abeautiful mosaic of forests, pastures, springs framed by high peaks capped by snow until latesummer spreads across them.[73]

Albanian Alps,part of the Prokletije or Accursed Mountains range in Northern Albania bearingthe highest mountain peak. The most beautiful mountainous regions that can be easily visited bytourists are Dajti,Thethi,Voskopoja,Valbona,Kelmendi,Prespa,Dukat and Shkreli.

National parks and World Heritage Sites[edit]

Albania offers many places for hiking the most spectacular landscapes being those of thenational parks.

One of the most impressive mountain national parks is the 4,000-hectare (9,900-acre) TomorrNational Park, established south of theShkumbinriver in the Tomorr Range just east of thebeautiful museum-city ofBerat,and overlooking the city of Polican. Other important mountainnational parks are: Theth (Thethi) National Park in the Shale basin around Theth (2630 hectares)[74]Dajti (Daiti) National Park, 3300 hectares of the mountain overlooking the capital, Tirana andValbona Valley National Park,in the Valbona Gorge from the gorge entrance through to Rrogamand the surrounding mountains.[75]

Although relatively small, Albania is home to a large number of lakes. Three of the largest lakesare Shkodra, Ohrid and Prespa.[76]

There are a number of associations of the tourism industry such as ATA, Unioni, etc.[77][78]

Albania is home to two World Heritage Sites (Berat and Gjirokastr are listed together)

Butrint,anancient GreekandRomancity

Gjirokastr,a well-preservedOttomanmedieval town
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Berat,the 'town of a thousand and one windows'

Most of the international tourists going to Albania are fromKosovo,Macedonia,Montenegro,Greece, and Italy.[79]Foreign tourists mostly come from Eastern Europe, particularly fromPoland,and theCzech Republic,but also from Western European countries such asGermany,

Belgium,Netherlands,France,Scandinavia, and others.

[80]

Crime and law enforcement[edit]

Law enforcement in Albania is primarily the responsibility of theAlbanian Police.Albania alsohas a counter-terrorism unit calledRENEA.On a list of 75 countries, Albania listed at 17thlowest crime rate ahead of many western nations such as Denmark, theUnited Kingdom,Sweden and France.[81]However, homicide is still a problem in the country, especiallybloodfeudsin rural areas of the north and domestic crime.[82]In 2014 about 3000 Albanian familieswere estimated to be involved in blood feuds and this had since the fall of Communism led to thedeaths of 10 000 people.[83]

Science and technology[edit]

Main article:Science and technology in Albania

From 1993 human resources in sciences and technology have drastically decreased. Varioussurveys show that during 19912005, approximately 50% of the professors and researchscientists of the universities and science institutions in the country have emigrated.[84]

However in 2009 the government approved the "National Strategy for Science, Technology and

Innovation in Albania"

[85]

covering the period 20092015. It aims to triple public spending onresearch and development (R&D) to 0.6% of GDP and augment the share of gross domesticexpenditure on R&D from foreign sources, including via theEuropean Union's FrameworkProgrammes for Research, to the point where it covers 40% of research spending, among others.

Transport[edit]

Main article:Transport in Albania

Highways[edit]
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The A1 highway in Albania

Currently there are three main motorways in Albania: the dual carriageway connecting DurrswithVlor,theAlbaniaKosovo Highway,and theTiranaElbasan Highway.

TheAlbaniaKosovo HighwaylinksKosovoto Albania's Adriatic coast: the Albanian side wascompleted in June 2009,[86]and now it takes only two hours and a half to go from the Kosovo

border toDurrs.Overall the highway will be around 250 km (155 mi) when it reachesPristina.The project was the biggest and most expensive infrastructure project ever undertaken inAlbania. The cost of the highway appears to have breached 800million, although the exact costfor the total highway has yet to be confirmed by the government.

Two additional highways will be built in Albania in the near future:Corridor VIII,which willlink Albania with the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria, and the north-south highway, whichcorresponds to the Albanian side of theAdriaticIonian motorway,a larger regional highwayconnectingCroatiawith Greece along theAdriaticandIoniancoasts. When all three corridorsare completed Albania will have an estimated 759 kilometers of highway linking it with all itsneighboring countries: Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Greece.

Aviation[edit]

Tirana International Airport Nn Tereza

The civil air transport in Albania marked its beginnings in November 1924, when the Republicof Albania signed a governmental agreement with German air companyDeutsche Luft Hansa.On the basis of a ten-year concession agreement, the Albanian Airlines CompanyAdria AeroLloydwas established.[citation needed]In the spring of 1925, the first domestic flights fromTiranatoShkodrandVlorbegan.[citation needed]
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ki/Albania%E2%80%93Kosovo_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirana%E2%80%93Elbasan_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Kosovo_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB


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In August 1927, the office of Civil Aviation of Air Traffic Ministry of Italy purchased AdriaAero Lloyd. The company, now in Italian hands, expanded its flights to other cities, such asElbasan,Kor,Kuks,PeshkopiandGjirokastr,and opened up international lines to Rome,Milan,Thessaloniki,Sofia,Belgrade,andPodgorica.

The construction of a more modern airport inLaprakstarted in 1934 and was completed by theend of 1935. This new airport, which was later officially named "Airport of Tirana", wasconstructed in conformity with optimal technological parameters of that time, with a reinforcedconcrete runway of 2,700 m (8,858 ft), and complemented with technical equipment andappropriate buildings.

During 19551957, theRinasi Airportwas constructed for military purposes. Later, itsadministration was shifted to the Ministry of Transport. On 25 January 1957 the State-ownedEnterprise of International Air Transport (Albtransport)established its headquarters in Tirana.Aeroflot,Jat Airways,Malv,TAROMandInterflugwere the air companies that started to haveflights with Albania until 1960.[87]

During 19601978, several airlines ceased to operate in Albania due to the impact of the politics,resulting in a decrease of influx of flights and passengers. In 1977 Albania's government signedan agreement with Greece to open the country's first air links with non-communist Europe. As aresult,Olympic Airwayswas the first non-communist airline to commercially fly into Albaniaafter World War II. By 1991 Albania had air links with many major European cities, includingParis, Rome,Zrich,Vienna andBudapest,but no regular domestic air service.[87]

A French-Albanian joint ventureAda Air,was launched in Albania as the first private airline, in1991. The company offered flights in a thirty-six-passenger airplane four days a week betweenTirana andBari,Italy and a charter service for domestic and international destinations.[87]

From 1989 to 1991, because of political changes in the Eastern European countries, Albaniaadhered to theInternational Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO), opened its air space tointernational flights, and had its duties of Air Traffic Control defined. As a result of thesedevelopments, conditions were created to separate the activities of air traffic control fromAlbtransport. Instead, theNational Agency of Air Traffic(NATA) was established as anindependent enterprise. In addition, during these years, governmental agreements of civil airtransport were established with countries such asBulgaria,Germany,Slovenia,Italy, Russia,Austria, the UK andMacedonia.

Durrs Rail Station,the main railway station in Durrs, Albania.
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The Directory General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) was established on 3 February 1991, to copewith the development required by the time. Albania has oneinternational airport,TiranaInternational Airport Nn Tereza,which is linked to 29 destinations by 14 airlines. It has seen adramatic rise in passenger numbers and aircraft movements since the early 1990s. The data for2009 is 1.3 million passengers served and an average of 44 landings and takeoffs per day.[citationneeded]

Railways[edit]

Main articles:Rail transport in AlbaniaandHekurudha Shqiptare

The railways in Albania are administered by the national railway companyHekurudha Shqiptare(HSH) (which meansAlbanian Railways). It operates a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12in) gauge (standardgauge) rail system in Albania. All trains are hauled byCzech-builtKDdiesel-electriclocomotives.

The railway system was extensively promoted by thetotalitarianregime ofEnver Hoxha,duringwhich time the use of private transport was effectively prohibited. Since the collapse of theformer regime, there has been a considerable increase in car ownership andbususage. Whilstsome of the country's roads are still in very poor condition, there have been other developments(such as the construction of a motorway between Tirana and Durrs) which have taken muchtraffic away from the railways.[citation needed]

Demographics[edit]

Main article:Demographics of Albania

Albanian schoolchildren

Population in Albania[88]

Year Million

1971 2.2

1990 3.3

2008 3.1

2011 2.8

Source: OECD/World Bank
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Regions with a traditional presence of ethnic or linguistic groups other than Albanian.

According to the 2011 Census results, the total population of Albania is 2,821,977 with a lowFertility rateof 1.49 children born per woman.[89][90]The fall of the Communist regime in 1990Albania was accompanied with massive migration. External migration was prohibited inCommunist Albania while internal one was quite limited, hence this was a new phenomenon.Between 1991 and 2004, roughly 900,000 people have migrated out of Albania, about 600,000 ofthem settling inGreece.[91]Migration greatly affected Albania's internal population distribution.

Population decreased mainly in the North and South of the country while increased inTiranaandDurrscenter districts.[citation needed]The population of Albania, according to a 2014 estimate, is3,020,209.[92]

Issues of ethnicity are a delicate topic and subject to debate. "Although official statistics havesuggested that Albania is one of the most homogenous countries in the region (with an over 97per cent Albanian majority) minority groups (such as Greeks, Macedonians, Montenegrins,Roma and Vlachs/Aromanians) have often questioned the official data, claiming a larger share inthe countrys population."[93]The last census that contained ethnographic data (before the 2011one) was conducted in 1989.[94]

Albania recognizes three national minorities,Greeks,MacedoniansandMontenegrins,and twocultural minorities,AromaniansandRomani people.[95]Other Albanian minorities areBulgarians,Gorani,Serbs,Balkan Egyptians,BosniaksandJews.Regarding the Greeks, "it is difficult toknow how many Greeks there are in Albania. The Greek government, it is typically claimed,says that there are around 300,000 ethnic Greeks in Albania, but most western estimates arearound 200,000 mark (althoughEENputs the number at a probable 100,000).[96][97][98][99][100]TheAlbanian government puts the number at only 24,243."[101]TheCIA World Factbookestimates
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albania administration

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