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AlbaniaKey indicators, 2010

opu at on m ons ................................................... .

ons .................. .................... ...............11.

GDP per capita (US$) ............................................. , 77

GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total.................. .

Global Competitiveness Index

GCI 20112012 ........................................................ ...... .

1 11 out o 1 .................................................. ........ .GCI 20092010 (out of 133).................................................. ........ .7

Basic requirements (40.0%)............................................... ........ .

nstitutions..................... .................... .................... ................ 7........ .

n rastructure.......................... .................... .................... ......7 ........ .

acroeconom c env ronment ........................................... ........ .

ea t an pr mary e ucat on........................................... ........ .7

Efficiency enhancers (50.0%)............................................82........3.9

Higher education and training........................................... ........ .

Goods market efficiency.............. .................... ...................4 . ....... .

a or mar et e c ency......................................................4 ........ .

nanc a mar et eve opment........................................1 7........ .

ec no og ca rea ness..................................................... ........ .Market size ................... .................... .................... ..............1 1....... . .

Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%) ............ ........ .

us ness sop st cat on .....................................................7 ........ .

nnovat on............................................................................1 ........ .

The most problematic factors for doing business

ccess to nanc ng.................. .................... ..................... ..1 .

ax rates................................................................................1 .

Corruption..............................................................................1 .

ax regu at ons.....................................................................1 .

ne c ent government ureaucracy.................................. .7

na equate supp y o n rastructure................................... .7

olicy instability ..................... .................... .................... ........ .

Foreign currency regulations .................. .................... ........ .7

oor wor et c n nat ona a or orce............................. .

na equate y e ucate wor orce ..................................... .

n at on.................................................................................... .4

Government instability/coups..............................................2.1

Crime and theft....................................................................... .

estr ct ve a or regu at ons.................... .................... ........ .1

oor pu c ea t .................................................................. .

GDP (PPP) per capita (intl $), 19852010

ercent o responses

Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between

1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

Institutions

Infrastructure

Macroeconomic

environment

Health and

primaryeducation

Higher educationand training

Goods marketefficiency

Labor market efficiency

Financial marketdevelopment

Technologicalreadiness

Market size

Businesssophistication

Innovation

1

2.1

:Country/EconomyProfiles

Rank Score(out of 142) (17)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 98 6 1 988 19 90 1 99 2 1 99 4 1 99 6 1 99 8 20 00 2 00 2 2 00 4 2 00 6 2 00 8 2 01 0

2

3

4

5

6

7

an a entra and astern urope

Factorr ven

Efficiencyr ven

Innovationr ven

1Transition

12 2Transition

23 3

Stage of development

Albania Efficiency-driven economies

The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum

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INDICATOR VALUE RANK/142

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency.01 Intensity of local competition................................4.0 ..........122

.02 Extent of market dominance.................................3.5 ............78

. ectveness o ant -monopoly polcy................... . ............

.04 Extent and effect of taxation................................. 4.2............24

. Total tax rate, % profits*..................................... . ............

.06 No. procedures to start a business*........................5 ............23

.07 No. days to start a business* .................................. ..............9

. gr cultural pol cy costs ........................................ . ............

.09 Prevalence of trade barriers ..................................4.8............46

. Trade tariffs, % duty*............................................ . ............43

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership .......................... 4.6............ 0

6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI .......................... . ............33

. urden o customs procedures ............................ . ............

6.14 Imports as a percentage of GDP* ...................... 55.2............47

. Degree of customer orientation............................ . ............23

. uyer soph st cat on .

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations................5.1 ............21. Flexibility of wage determination.......................... . ............

. gd ty o employment ndex, (worst) .

7.04 Hiring and firing practices ..................................... . ............21

. Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... ............

7.06 Pay and productivity .............................................4.7 ............17

. Reliance on professional management................. . ............

. ra n dra n .

7.09 Women in labor force, ratio to men*..................0.73............ 7

8th pillar: Financial market development. Availability of financial services............................. . ..........

. ordab l ty o nanc al servces .......................... . ............

.03 Financing through local equity market................... .4 ..........140

. Ease of access to loans ........................................ . ..........

.05 Venture capital availability .....................................2.0 ..........124

.06 Soundness of banks ............................................. . ............ 6

. egulaton o secur t es exchanges....................... . ..........

.08 Legal rights index, 010 (best)* ............................ 9.0..............8

9th pillar: Technological readiness.01 Availability of latest technologies..........................4.9............

. rm-level technology absorpt on .......................... . ............

.03 FDI and technology transfer.................................. 5.0............42

. Internet users/100 pop.*..................................... . ............

.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* ........3.4............79

.06 Internet bandwidth, kb/s/capita* .......................... . ............ 9

10th pillar: Market size. Domestic market size index, 17 (best)*.............. . ............

. ore gn mar et s ze ndex, (best) .

11th pillar: Business sophistication11.01 Local supplier quantity ..........................................4.0 ..........123

. Local supplier quality............................................. . ..........

. tate o cluster development .

11.04 Nature of competitive advantage..........................3.1 ............ 8

. alue chan breadth............................................... . ..........

11.06 Control of international distribution.......................4.7 ............23

. Production process sophistication........................ . ............50

. xtent o mar et ng . 33

11.09 Willingness to delegate authority ......................... 4.0............40

12th pillar: Innovation12.01 Capacity for innovation.......................................... 2.4.......... 119

. ual ty o sc ent c research nsttutons.............. . ..........

12.03 Company spending on R&D..................................3.2 ............51

. University-industry collaboration in R&D............... . ..........12.05 Govt procurement of advanced tech products..... 3.8............58

12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers .................3.2 ..........126

. t l ty patents granted m ll on pop. ..................... . ............

INDICATOR VALUE RANK/142

1st pillar: Institutions1.01 Property rights....................................................... 3.4.......... 115

1.02 Intellectual property protection.............................3.0 ............94

. vers on o publ c unds ...................................... . ............

1.04 Public trust of politicians.......................................2.9 ............63

. Irregular payments and bribes ............................. . ............

1.06 Judicial independence...........................................3.0 .......... 101

1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials.... 3.0............ 66

. aste ulness o government spend ng................ . ............

1.09 Burden of government regulation.........................4.4..............9

. Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes . ............

1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. 3.7............ 65

1.12 Transparency of government policymaking .......... . ............43

. us ness costs o terrorsm.................................. . ............44

1.14 Business costs of crime and violence ..................5.3 ............44

. Organized crime.................................................... . ............

. el ab l ty o pol ce serv ces .

. Ethical behavior of firms ....................................... . ............44

. Strength of auditing and reporting standards....... . ............

1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards .................................5.0............27. Protection of minority shareholders interests...... . ............

. trength o nvestor protecton, (best) . 15

2nd pillar: Infrastructure2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure.............................4.2 ............72

. Quality of roads..................................................... . ............

. ual ty o ra lroad n rastructure .

2.04 Quality of port infrastructure................................. 3.9............ 85

. Quality of air transport infrastructure.................... . ............

2.06 Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ..........23.5.......... 114

. Quality of electricity supply................................... . ............

. xed telephone l nes pop. ......................... . ............

2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* .......141.9............18

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP*................ -3.7............ 73

. ross natonal sav ngs, ........................ . ..........

.03 Inflation, annual % change*.................................. 3.6............ 67

. Interest rate spread, %*....................................... . ............

.05 General government debt, % GDP*................... 59.7.......... 107

.06 Country credit rating, 0100 (best)* ...................38.1 ............83

4th pillar: Health and primary education. Business impact of malaria............................N/Appl...............1

4.02 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* .............................. (NE)..............1

4.03 Business impact of tuberculosis ........................... 6.8..............4

. uberculos s ncdence , pop. ................ . ............35

4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS ...............................6.9..............1

. HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ...........................< . ..............1

. n ant mortal ty, deaths , l ve b rths .

4.08 Life expectancy, years*....................................... 76.8 ............40

. Quality of primary education................................. . ............49

4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %*............... 84.7...........117

5th pillar: Higher education and training5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %*....... 72.4.......... 100

. ertary educaton enrollment, gross ............ . ............

5.03 Quality of the educational system........................ 4.2............45

. Quality of math and science education ................ . ............42

. ual ty o management schools .

5.06 Internet access in schools.....................................4.4 ............57

. Availability of research and training services ........ . ..........

5.08 Extent of staff training ..........................................4.5 ............32

Albania

2.1

:Country/EconomyProfiles

The Global Competitiveness Index in detail

Notes: alues are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to

Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.

The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum