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Alberta Transportation

LITTER AUDIT

2009

PREPARED FOR

FINAL REPORT

ALBERTA TRANSPORTATION HIGHWAY OPERATIONS

TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCH EDMONTON, AB T6B 2X3

PREPARED BY

MGM Management Osoyoos, BC 250-495-4592 Draft Report Sept 15, 2009

Alberta Transportation - Litter Audit Report – September 17, 2009 2

Executive Summary In July 2009 Alberta Transportation conducted a litter audit of Provincial highways. Alberta Transportation contracted MGM Management, a British Columbia based environmental consulting firm with experience in conducting litter audits. Since 2002 MGM Management has conducted 17 major litter audits for North American municipalities and Provincial authorities. MGM Management has accumulated a litter database of over 73,500 litter observations from these combined litter audits. The objective of this project was to conduct an audit to determine baseline litter values along Alberta highways, using a methodology that is proven, unbiased and reproducible for measuring the effectiveness of litter programs. This information may then be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of current litter management activities, as well as provide empirical data to assist in any new anti-litter initiatives or in developing programs to reduce litter. The Terms of Reference for this work were:

To conduct a litter audit at various locations across Alberta.

That the number of audits completed should be sufficient to determine a baseline litter level for the province that can be used to evaluate current and future litter removal programs.

And that the results of the audit should be analyzed with recommendations provided for improving Alberta’s litter removal practices.

The field work for this audit was conducted from July 13, 2009 to July 20, 2009. Over 2,500 kilometres of Alberta highways were traveled by the consultant to visit the sites. For the purposes of this study litter is classified as “large” for those items over 4 square inches in size or as “small” litter for items less than 4 sq. in. Eighty-four sub-categories of large and sixteen sub-categories for small litter were examined. A total of 3,407 pieces of large litter were observed by auditors on Alberta roads and highways during the audit. One hundred and three (103) sites were audited during the course of the audit. This was an average of 33 items per site observed in the litter audit. The composition of large litter on highway roadways is significantly different from litter found in urban municipalities. The effects of litter being weathered and shredded by mowing operations, which scatters litter was apparent to the audit team. Miscellaneous paper, miscellaneous plastic, vehicle & metal road debris, miscellaneous paperboard, tobacco packaging, home articles, other plastic packaging, and construction debris accounted for nearly half (48.5%) of all large litter observed. These sub-categories of litter are found in much lower amounts in litter audits conducted in cities. Figure ES-1, on the next page illustrates how the results in the Alberta highways litter audit results compare with audits conducted by the consultant in other jurisdictions.


Figure ES1 – Alberta Highways vs. Other Litter Audits

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Site

21

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20

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2002 2004 2005

Large Litter – Alberta Highways

vs. Other Litter Audits

2003 2006

15

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ms

28

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25

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20011997199619951994

City of Toronto

Audits in Blue

Greater Toronto

Area Audits

42

Ite

ms

/ s

ite

36

Ite

ms

/ s

ite

32

Ite

ms

/ s

ite

35

Ite

ms

/ s

ite

Florida Audits

10

20

30

40

2007

36

Ite

ms

/ s

ite

San Francisco -

6% decrease from

2007

20083

0 Ite

ms

/ s

ite

2009

33

Ite

ms

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2007

25

Ite

ms

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Edmonton

27

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2009 2009

34

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AB

Highways

The largest sub-category of large litter observed was Miscellaneous paper with 274 items observed, followed by Miscellaneous plastic at 227, Vehicle & metal road debris at 217 items, miscellaneous paperboard at 216 items, tobacco packaging at 200 items, home articles with 183 items, plastic packaging at 174 items, and construction debris contributing 160 large litter items. Table ES-1 on the next page describes the top 20 sub-categories of large litter, make up 84% of all the large litter observed in the Alberta Transportation audit.


Table ES 1 – Top 20 Subcategories of Litter = 84% Litter (AB Highways)

Large Litter

Average% of Total

Large Ltter

1 Misc. Paper 273.5 8.0%

2 Misc. Plastic 227 6.7%

3 Vehicle & Metal Road Debris 216.5 6.4%

4 Misc. Paperboard 216 6.3%

5 Tobacco other (packs, matches, cellophane) 200 5.9%

6 Home Articles 183 5.4%

7 Plastic packaging other 174.5 5.1%

8 Construction debris 160.5 4.7%

9 Printed material (newspapers, flyers, books etc.) 148.5 4.4%

10 Misc. Cardboard 148 4.3%

11 No Brand Name Towels / Napkins / Serviettes 141.5 4.2%

12 Paper Cups (Hot) 133.5 3.9%

13 Tire & Rubber debris 123.5 3.6%

14 Beer Cans 109.5 3.2%

15 Paper Cups (cold) 97 2.8%

16 Candy bar wraps 69 2.0%

17 Paperboard (cereal type) 64.5 1.9%

18 Other cloth 55.5 1.6%

19 Soft Drink (cans) 53 1.6%

20 Misc. Glass 50.5 2,845 1.5%

83.5%

Whole numbers may not appear due to averaging.

Also of interest is that beer can litter accounted for 44% of the beverage container litter observed on Alberta highways. Other alcoholic product container contribute to the occurrence of container litter with beer bottle contributing 4% , glass wine and liquor bottle 2% and plastic wine and liquor bottles a final 1%. Alcoholic beverage containers in aggregate account for 51% of beverage container litter on Alberta highways. Observations of small litter were made during the Alberta highways audit. Small litter is difficult to observe in non-urban areas due to grass cover. The audit team did small litter observations at each site, observing a total of 1,093 piece of litter on the sites, that was within the sample transacts and < 4 inches in size. This results in an average of 11 small litter items per site. This level of small litter is less than that observed in urban audits, where levels in the high teens or low 20’s are normal. This is the result of the difficulty of the audit methodology to work well in grass covered areas which dominate highway shoulders. Figure ES-2 and Table ES-3 on page 5; describe the small litter results of this audit.


Figure ES-2 Small Litter

Small Litter - AB Highways

13.5%

7.8%5.7%

3.9%

1.0%

33.1%

14.1%

11.5%

2.6%

2.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Cig

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utts

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Poly

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Hard

Pla

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Paper

Sm

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Gla

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Pla

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Film

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Mate

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Rubber

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Tobacco S

mall

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Candy P

ack. < 4

sq. In

.

Str

aw

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Meta

l (not A

lum

iniu

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Bottle

Caps

Poly

foam

Peanuts

Chew

ing G

um

Table ES – 2 - Small Litter Summary


Small Litter Summary

Description of Sub-Category

2009 AB

Highways

Small Items

Observed

% of

Total

Small

Litter

Cigarette Butts 362 33.1%

Other Polystyrene Pieces 154 14.1%

Hard Plastic 148 13.5%

Small Paper 126 11.5%

Small Glass 85 7.8%

Plastic Film Small 62 5.7%

Other Materials 43 3.9%

Rubber 28 2.6%

Other Tobacco Small 22 2.0%

Alum Pieces Small 16 1.5%

Candy Pack. < 4 sq. In. 15 1.4%

Straws 13 1.2%

Metal (not Aluminium) 11 1.0%

Bottle Caps 6 0.5%

Polyfoam Peanuts 2 0.2%

Chewing Gum 0 0.0%

Small litter items observed 1,093 100%

Average small litter per site 11

Sites audited 103


One of the objectives of the Alberta Transportation litter audit was to evaluate the effectiveness of current litter management activities, as well as provide empirical data to assist in any new anti-litter initiatives or in developing programs to reduce litter. A total of 3,407 pieces of large litter were observed by auditors on Alberta roads and highways during the audit. One hundred and three (103) sites were audited during the course of the audit. This was an average of 33 items per site observed in the litter audit.

Large litter, adjacent highways is made up of different components than litter in cities and urban settings. Various miscellaneous litter types (paper/plastic etc), vehicle generated litter and home articles were observed on the highways at higher levels than in city settings. This difference may lead to programs to lessen large litter on highways by promoting tire maintenance, vehicle maintenance and informing the public that discarding home articles on highways is both illegal and anti-social behaviour.

Table ES 3 – Highway Litter Compared to City Litter

Other Miscellaneous vs. All Audit Observations

AB

Highways

Average all

Audits

% of total

large litter

% of total

large litter

Misc. Paper 8.0% 1.7%

Misc. Plastic 6.7% 8.9%

Misc. Paperboard 6.3% 1.0%

Misc. Cardboard 4.3% 1.3%

Misc. Glass 1.5% 0.9%

Vehicle & Metal Road Debris 6.4% 1.7%

Construction debris 4.7% 2.6%

Tire & Rubber debris 3.6% 1.1%

Home Articles 5.4% 2.8% The consultant did not find any significant difference in the average number of large litter items per site in Adopt-a-Highway sites as compared to Control. Control sites were those sites chosen between known Adopt-a-Highway sites, where no clear indication was given that the area had a litter cleanup program. It should be noted that some Control Sites may have been cleaned by highway maintenance contractors, although no evidence of any such cleanups were observed during the audit. It is of note that Adopt-a-Highway, Control Sites and the audits of Unknown Clean-up method sites have similar average litter rates, each rotating around the mean of 33 items/ site. See Table ES – 4 below for a summary of these observations.


Table ES - 4 – Comparison of Litter Clean-up Methods

Control

Sites

Adopt-A-

Highway Inmates

Unknown

Litter observed 1,047 2,109 149 102

Number of Sites 31 66 3 3

30% 64% 3% 3%

Average Litter per

site 34 32 50 34

Total Sites 103 Total large litter

observed 3,407

While it does not appear that the method of cleanup makes a significant difference to the litter occurrence on audited sites, the location or the highway type where the site is located does make a difference. The amount of litter observed on Alberta Highways is directly proportional to the activity level on the highway where litter is examined. Highway 22X, south of Calgary is a very busy major 4 – lane roadway. It is near residential areas, and has a large volume of commuter traffic on it during weekdays. Its large litter rate was observed to be nearly 70% higher than the provincial average highways litter rate of 33 items/ site. Highway 2, being the main motorway between Northern Alberta – Edmonton – Red Deer – Calgary and the USA border is also a high volume roadway. Its average large litter rate was 15% higher than the provincial large litter rate. Highway 16, in the Edmonton area exhibited a large litter rate 12% higher than the audit average. Highway 3, had differing rates of large litter, depending where audit sites were located. Through urban Lethbridge some of Highway 3 litter sites exhibited litter rates of in or around the 100 items per site (300% higher than the audit average). Meanwhile, along Highway 3, in the Taber area litter rates were recorded as low as 10 items per site; which were some of the cleanest sites observed during the 2009 audit. It was apparent to the audit team that the Caring for Alberta Highways sites in Southern Alberta, especially near Taber were being serviced regularly by their sponsors. They showed a level of community care not seen on other parts of Alberta during the audit. Details of these observations are presented in Section 5.0, page 56. The consultant makes the following recommendations based upon the litter observations made during this audit.


Recommendations:

Retain and expand - Annual Spring Clean-up & Caring for Alberta Highways Increase communication with program participants to assure activity Document frequency of cleanups (CAH), as criteria of performance Consider “Awards Programs” to build awareness, pride and participation

o Media driven o Independent o Educational / Promotional

Focus activities on major highways – with most serious litter problems (page 59) o Redouble activities with partners/ volunteers for those highways o Consider additional efforts in Medicine Hat / Lethbridge ? Edmonton and

Calgary areas o Increase litter education / anti-litter campaigns (not passive signs) o Discuss increased law enforcement with authorities o Once education / promotion / partnership implemented – re-audit to

determine effectiveness of initiatives Coordinate with Fire Authorities on dangers of discarding lit smoking materials on

highway rights-of-way Alberta Transportation should also consider the design / creation of a new sign to

replace the current Caring for Alberta's Highways sign to give the program more profile on the highways.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 2

Figure ES1 Alberta Highways vs. Other Litter Audits ................................................... 3

Table ES 1 Top 20 Subcategories of Litter = 84% Litter .............................................. 4

Figure ES-2 Small Litter ............................................................................................... 5

Table ES-2 Small Litter Summary ................................................................................ 5

Table ES 3 Highway Litter Compared to City Litter ...................................................... 7

Table ES-4 Comparison of Litter Clean-up Methods .................................................... 8

Recommendations: ......................................................................................................... 9

Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................12

1.0 Introduction ...............................................................................................................13

1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................13

2.0 Alberta Transportation Litter Audit - Methodology ......................................................15

2.1 Site Selection Process .............................................................................15

2.1.1 Site Selection ...........................................................................................15

Figure 1a Potential Sites – Stony Plain / Edmonton Area ......................................16

Figure 1b Potential Sites – Lacombe to Crossfield .................................................17

Figure 1c Potential Sites – Canmore to Cluny .......................................................18

Figure 1d Potential Sites – Cluny to Medicine Hat .................................................18

Figure 1e Potential Sites – Monarch to Calgary .....................................................19

2.2 Detailed Site Files .................................................................................................21

2.3 Conducting a Site Audit ........................................................................................21

Figure 2 Schematic of Litter Audit Site ...................................................................22

2.4 Classification of Large Litter .....................................................................22

2.5 Classification of Small Litter .....................................................................22

Figure 3 Small Litter Templates .............................................................................23

Figure 4 Site Set-up – Small Litter .........................................................................23

Table 1 Categories of Small Litter .........................................................................24

Table 2 Categories of Large Litter ........................................................................25

Table 3 Detailed Descriptions of Large Item Categories .......................................27

2.6 Photographic Record of the Site ..............................................................31

Figure 5 Site Photographs (example photographs) ................................................31

2.7 Survey Schedule and Progress ................................................................32

3.0 Large Litter Survey Results .....................................................................33

3.1 Discussion of Large Litter Results ............................................................33

Table 4 Total Fibre Litter .......................................................................................33

Table 5 Total Plastic Litter ....................................................................................34

Table 6 Top Sub-Categories of Large Litter ..........................................................35

Table 7 Summary of All Large Litter Observed .....................................................37

3.2 Detailed Analysis of Large Litter ..............................................................39

Table 8 Fourteen Major Large Litter Categories ...................................................39

Figure 6 - 14 Major Categories of Large Litter ..........................................40

3.2.1 Beverage Containers ............................................................................41

3.2.2 Cups .....................................................................................................43

3.2.3 Bags .....................................................................................................44

3.2.4 Boxes ...................................................................................................45

3.2.5 Other Containers (non-beverage) .........................................................46

3.2.6 Wraps ...................................................................................................47

3.2.7 Take Out Extras ...................................................................................48


3.2.8 Trays .....................................................................................................50

3.2.9 Confectionary .......................................................................................51

3.2.10 Textiles ................................................................................................53

3.2.11 Other Packaging ..................................................................................54

3.2.12 Printed and Fibre Materials ..................................................................55

3.2.13 Tobacco ...............................................................................................56

3.2.14 Other Miscellaneous ............................................................................57

Table 11 Highway Litter Compared to City Litter .................................................58

4.0 Small Litter Survey Results ...................................................................................60

4.1 Discussion of Small Litter Results .........................................................60

Table 12 Small Litter – by Category .....................................................................61

5.0 Comparison of Litter Cleanup Methods ..................................................................63

Spring Cleanup Program ......................................................................63

Caring for Alberta Highways (CAH) .......................................................64

Comparing Cleanup Sites .....................................................................65

Table 13 – Comparison of Litter Clean-up Methods ..............................65

Geographical Differences in Site Litter ..................................................66

Table 14 – Highway Type .....................................................................66

6.0 Recommendations ...............................................................................................67

APPENDIX 1 – Large Litter Audit Form ..............................................................................68

APPENDIX 2 – Site Locations .............................................................................................72

APPENDIX 3 – Site Rankings .............................................................................................77

APPENDIX – Brand Litter Audit .......................................................................................82

Branded Litter Audit.............................................................................................................82

List of Tables Table 1 Categories of Small Litter………………………………..…………..…………… 22 Table 2 Categories of Large Litter…………………………………………………. 23 Table 3 Detailed Description for Large Litter Sub-categories ………….. 25 Table 4 Total Fibre Litter ………..…………………………………………………………. 31 Table 5 Total Plastic Litter………………………………………………………………… 32 Table 6 Top 20 Litter Sub-categories Equal 85% of Litter ……………… ……… …33 Table 7 Summary of All Large Litter Observed……………………………….. 34 Table 8 14 Major Categories of Litter ……………………………………………………. 36 Table 9 Highway Litter Compared to City Litter ………………………………………… 53 Table 10 Small Litter by Category ………………………………………………………….. 55 Table 11 Comparison of Cleanup Methods ……………………………………………….. 59 Table 12 Litter Compared by Highway Type ……………………………………………… 60 List of Figures Figure 1 Potential Sites on Alberta Highways………………………………… 15 Figure 2 Schematic of Site Setup………………………………………… 20 Figure 3 Small Litter Templates……………………………………………. 21 Figure 4 Site Set-up Small Litter …………………………………………… 21 Figure 5 Site Photographs ………………………………………………….. 29 Figure 6 Major Sub-categories of Litter ………………………. ………………… 37


Acknowledgements This report was made possible through the efforts of a team of energetic and dedicated people. We wish to acknowledge the following persons:

Richard Chow – Traffic Operations Specialist, Alberta Transportation

Merv Henning – Operations, Cartography Section, Alberta Transportation

Moh Ashraf – Operations, Alberta Transportation

Dennis Adamkewicz – Safety Officer, Alberta Transportation

Patricia McKenney - Partner , MGM Management

Mark McKenney - Partner , MGM Management


1.0 Introduction 1.1 Overview Litter is a problem virtually everywhere where disposable / recyclable products and packaging are used. People have personal opinions about what litter is – the reality is much different. Whereas there is a general perception that select groups of products make up the majority of litter, field research shows that litter is made up of a broad range of products and materials. Albertans are faced with litter on their highways and along Alberta roads and highways every year. Litter is discarded by careless or uninformed users of the Alberta highway system and is most evident when the snow melts in the spring. Cleaning up this litter is costly and time consuming process. Litter is unsightly to visitors and to the citizens of Alberta. There are currently five main methods of removing litter from provincial highways in Alberta. These include: the 4-H Clubs of Alberta volunteer spring cleanup programs, the Government of Alberta’s Adopt a Highway program, highway maintenance contractors as part of their contract responsibility, the inmate work crew program and the use of garbage and recycling receptacles by the public at safety rest areas throughout the province. Alberta Transportation wishes to better understand the effectiveness of current clean-up efforts. A further benefit of understanding the litter composition occurring on Alberta highways may be to be able to work with other departments and agencies (e.g., Alberta Environment, Recycling Council of Alberta, and others) to develop litter outreach programs to better inform the public of the effects and costs of littering. Litter abatement efforts have been implemented in other jurisdictions with measured effect. Reducing litter will reduce highway cleanup costs over the long term. The purpose of this report is to outline the methodology and the results of a litter audit conducted on behalf of the Alberta Transportation during July 2000. This work was conducted by MGM Management, a Division of 6528058 Canada Inc. who designed and conducted the field audit including site selection, litter observations, data management and data analysis, as well as the preparation of this report. MGM Management has conducted a number of litter audits including this audit:

Ontario – conducted under supervision of Dan Syrek, 1990 Ontario – Toronto area 1994, done by McKenney with Syrek assistance City of Toronto, Streets Litter Audit 2002 Regional Municipality of Peel, Streets Litter Audit 2003 Regional Municipality of York, Streets Litter Audit 2003 Regional Municipality of Durham, Streets Litter Audit 2003 City of Toronto – Streets Litter Audit 2004 City of Toronto – Parks Litter Audit 2004 City of Toronto - Streets Litter Audit 2005 City of Toronto - Streets Litter Audit 2006 City of San Francisco (USA) - Streets Litter Audit 2007 (April 2007) City of Edmonton - Streets Litter Audit 2007 (May –June 2007) City of San Francisco (USA) - Streets Litter Audit 2008 (April 2008) City of San Jose (USA) - Streets Litter Audit 2008 (August 2008) City of San Francisco (USA) - Streets Litter Audit 2008 (April 2009) City of Edmonton (Canada) - Streets Litter Audit 2009 (June 2009)


Alberta Transportation – Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Litter Clean-up Programs on Alberta Highways (July 2009)

Across North America over 30 litter surveys were done by Syrek, (reviewed by MGM Management). More recently five excellent surveys have been completed across all of the 29 counties of Florida by the University of Florida. Criticism developed that the Syrek methodology was too complicated and difficult to replicate results, thus a simpler method was sought. In 1993 the Florida Legislature directed the Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management to conduct a state-wide litter count. The Center developed a method for surveying litter that was understandable, simple and statistically valid. MGM Management has been trained in the methods of both the Syrek and by staff of the University of Florida to extract the best of both methodologies and adapt them to the procedures used in this litter audit. In the past some local environmental groups or municipalities have done litter audits of their own design. These methodologies may not be scientific in their development and they have often tended not to be reproducible. Measurement techniques need to be unbiased, scientifically rigorous, and reproducible to be defensible. Comparisons of litter data, to other jurisdictions, have often not been possible using local litter audit methods. The methodology used and the data developed for this audit can be reproduced should the Alberta Transportation wish to do so, and the results can be compared in future years or to make comparisons of other jurisdictions that have used the same approach. This audit uses a proven and recognized method of identifying litter survey sites and for counting litter.


2.0 Alberta Transportation Litter Audit - Methodology The Alberta Transportation litter audit counted “accumulated litter”. This is different than an audit using “fresh litter” counts, where litter on a site is removed, then researchers return after a set time to count the number of pieces of litter that have been deposited. Accumulated litter allows for an examination of the occurrence of litter as it is has developed over time. Fresh litter count surveys are much more labour intensive, and therefore more costly to conduct, compared to accumulated litter audits. 2.1 Site Selection Process 2.1.1 Site Selection In selecting where to conduct a site audit it is important to have an unbiased method of site selection. For this study the consultant worked with Alberta Transportation staff to select sites that have a record of being cleaned by 4-H Clubs of Alberta, or are part of the Government of Alberta’s “Caring for Alberta Highways” (CAH) program, are the responsibility of a highway maintenance contractor, or are part of detention centre clean-up program. Alberta Transportation staff compiled lists of these known clean-up sites along highway sections. Wherever possible the name of the volunteer group that has partnered with Alberta Transportation to clean the section of roadways was documented. Sites were selected along single, double and triple digit highways throughout a wide portion of Alberta highways representing approximately 70% of the Provincial population. Alberta Transportation compiled a listing of 175 potential sites that were identified by the type of cleanup done (4_H Club or Service Club, Contractor, Caring for Alberta Highways sites or detention centre inmate program sections). The consultant then selected sites as described within Control Sections on given highways, allowing for suitable spacing between sites. Control Sections are geographical sections of highways coded by Alberta Transportation in order to locate sections to a reasonable degree of accuracy. Signage of these Control Sections is not displayed on highways, therefore the consultant was required to estimate locations based upon identifiable landmarks such as interchanges, Range Roads signs, Township Road signs or other reference points. The consultant recommended that “clean up” sites be audited, and compared to sites where there was no apparent club, inmate program or other clean up activities underway (except normal contractor responsibilities for spills, dean animals etc). These non-cleaned sites are referred to in this report as “control sites”. In total 72 cleaned sites were audited, with 31 control sites audited. The consultant selected cleaned sits based upon being able to positively identify their location by identifying name of the group that was responsible for those clean up efforts to highway signs in the case of the Adopt-A-Highway locations. Control sites were selected so that they were located between cleaned sites wherever possible. Figure 1 – 5 below illustrate the highways and potential sites that audit sites were selected from


Figure 1a – Potential Sites – Stony Plain / Edmonton Area


Figure 1b (continued) – Potential Sites – Lacombe to Crossfield


Figure 1c (continued) – Potential Sites – Canmore to Cluny

Figure 1d (continued) – Potential Sites –Cluny to Medicine Hat


Figure 1e (continued) – Potential Sites – Monarch to Calgary


Detailed site locations appear in Appendix 2, which describe the highway location, local landmarks and provide latitude / longitude coordinates, so the site can be located accurately in the future if that is required. The sample sites were located using a highway map from a local map source, Alberta Road Atlas ; ISBN 1-55368-019-7, MapArt www.mapart.com as well a map generated by Alberta Transportation, showing all Control Sections entitled; Primary Highways 1 – 216 Progress Chart. Sites were rejected if they were located:

on major highways / freeways location was on a bridge location clearly within a construction area on railway / subway rights-of-way on hydroelectric power line rights-of-way on / within water (ponds, rivers, streams/ lakes) access was difficult or impossible if located on industrial or private lands

The GPS coordinates for each site were recorded at each audit site by the audit team while at location, and later added to the archival record, to allow future audit teams to find the same sites should the Alberta Transportation wish to re-audit these sites in the future. 2.2 Detailed Site Files The consultant created an individual hard copy site file for each location. These files contain the following:

discrete site location ID number , Alberta Transportation ID number (this audit only) Approximate location photographic label card (for taking photos on-site), showing latitude / longitude Large Litter Site Surveyor Form - (for recording large litter observed) Small Litter Item Count Form (for recording small litter)

2.3 Conducting a Site Audit The audit team approached the sites from the most travel efficient direction. Upon arriving at a site, the team safely parked their vehicle on the highway shoulder, or off-road whenever possible. In accordance with the approved Traffic Accommodation Plan, signage indicating “ Men at Work” were erected at each site, and a photograph taken to document compliance with the Plan. Traffic cones were placed on the edge of the roadway for traffic control, with team members dressed in fluorescent orange/ yellow traffic vests to increase visibility. Beginning at the front of the parked car (or the start of the site), the team used a measuring device to measure 50 feet (15 metres) ahead of the start of the site. Using a traffic cone was deployed to mark the start of the audit site. From this point the team measured an additional 100 feet (30 metres), marking this point with a second traffic cone. A final measurement of an additional 100 feet (30 metres) denoted the end of the audit site with a third traffic cone. Each site was 200 feet (61 metres) in length. The width of the site was measured from the edge of the roadway pavement towards the ditch edge of the site, up to a maximum width of 18 feet (5.5 metres). All sites measured 200 feet (61 metres) long with a width of 18 feet (5.5 metres).

http://www.mapart.com/


Figure 2 - Schematic of Litter Audit Site

50 ft.

100 Feet100 Feet

Fixed – 200 long x 18 feet wide

< 18 ft.

Variable Width 1

Variable Width 2

Variable Width 3

Up to 18 Ft.

< 18 ft.

< 18 ft.

50 ft.

100 Feet100 Feet

Fixed – 200 long x 18 feet wide

< 18 ft.

Variable Width 1

Variable Width 2

Variable Width 3

Up to 18 Ft.

< 18 ft.

< 18 ft.

2.4 Classification of Large Litter For purposes of classifying litter, and in accordance with the methods used in previous litter surveys conducted by us, large litter was defined to be that which is greater than 4 square inches in size.

2.5 Classification of Small Litter Small litter were those pieces of debris that were less than 4 square inches in size, within a defined area with an audit site. The small litter audit methodology examines three transacts, or slices, of the site. A frame made of 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) P.V.C. plastic tubing was constructed to act as a frame. This frame was 1 foot (0.3 metres) wide and 6 feet (1.8 metres) long. A surveyor would look for and count small litter in three samples, one at the start of the site, one at the mid-point and one at the end of the site. At each transact section; three flips of the frame are done, thus surveying 18 square feet (0.09 sq. metres) of the site – repeated three times.


Figure 3 – Small Litter Templates

Figure 4 – Site Set-up – Small Litter

Flip 1 Inside

Flip 1 Mid

Flip 1 Road

Flip 2 Inside

Flip 2 Mid

Flip 2 Road

Flip 2 Inside

Flip 2 Mid

Flip 2 Road

Flip 3 Inside

Flip 3 Mid

Flip 3 Road

Flip 3 Inside

Flip 3 Mid

Flip 3 Road

100 Feet 100 Feet


Table 1 - Categories of Small Litter The 16 categories in the litter counts less than 4 square inches that were examined are:

cigarette butts/ debris other tobacco bottle caps straws candy packaging & wrappers polyfoam packing materials other polystyrene debris glass paper plastic film hard plastic aluminum / foil debris rubber metal (not aluminum) other materials

gum deposits on roadways & sidewalks Gum deposits are included as this is a significant concern as a small litter component of small litter in urban areas.


Table 2 - Categories of Large Litter Eighty-four sub-categories of large litter were counted, including:

Major Category

Sub-Category Number

Large Litter Sub-Category Name

Material

1 1 Beer Cans Beverage metal

2 Beer Bottles (glass) Beverage glass

3 Soft Drink (glass) Beverage glass

4 Soft Drink (cans) Beverage metal

5 Soft Drink (plastic) Beverage plastic

6 Sport Drink (glass) Beverage glass

7 Sport Drink (plastic) Beverage plastic

8 Water (glass) Beverage glass

9 Water (plastic) Beverage plastic

10 Wine/ Liquor (glass) Beverage glass

11 Wine/ Liquor (plastic/other) Beverage plastic

12 Milk/Juice (Plastic) Beverage plastic

13 Milk/Juice (glass) Beverage glass

14 Milk/Juice (Gable Top) Beverage paper

2 15 Foil Pouches Other Packaging composite

16 Aseptic (Box) Other Packaging composite

17 Broken Glass Container Other Packaging glass

18 Six pack plastic rings Other Packaging plastic

75 Foil containers Other Packaging metal

3 19 Plastic drink cups Cups plastic

20 Paper Cups (cold) Cups paper

21 Paper Cups (Hot) Cups paper

22 Polystyrene cups (foam) Cups plastic

23 Other paper cups Cups paper

24 Cup Lids, Pieces lids Cups plastic

4 25 Plastic retail bags Bags plastic

26 Paper retail bags Bags paper

27 Paper bags - fast food Bags paper

28 Plastic bags - not retail Bags plastic

29 Paper bags - not retail Bags paper

30 Zipper bags/ sandwich Bags plastic

5 31 Cardboard boxes/ box mat'l Other Packaging paper

32 Paperboard (cereal type) Other Packaging paper

33 Paper Beverage Cases Other Packaging paper

34 Polystyrene clamshells Other Packaging plastic

35 Paper clamshells Other Packaging paper

36 Other Plastic Shells/Boxes Other Packaging plastic

6 37 Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids OTHER CNTRS. plastic

38 Glass jars/ bottles misc. OTHER CNTRS. glass

39 Cans - steel OTHER CNTRS. metal

40 Cans - aluminum OTHER CNTRS. metal

41 Container lids OTHER CNTRS.

42 Aerosol cans (paint, oils, etc.) OTHER CNTRS. metal

7 43 Paper Food Wrap Food Wraps/ Cntrs paper

44 Paper / foil composite wrap Food Wraps/ Cntrs composite

45 Plastic wrap Food Wraps/ Cntrs plastic

54 Condiment package (salt, ketchup, vinegar etc.) Take-Out Extras


55 Utensils Take-Out Extras plastic

56 Name Brand (Fast Food etc.) Towels / Napkins / Serviettes Take-Out Extras paper

57 Paper Fast Food Plates Take-Out Extras paper

58 Poly Fast Food Plates Take-Out Extras plastic

59 Other Plastic FF Plates Take-Out Extras plastic

60 Plates - Other Mat's Take-Out Extras

8 46 Polystyrene Trays Trays plastic

47 Paper Trays Trays paper

48 Other Mat'l Trays (what?) Trays

9 49 Gum wrappers Confectionary/Snack

50 Candy bar wraps Confectionary/Snack

51 Candy pouches Confectionary/Snack

52 Sweet packaging (describe) Confectionary/Snack

53 Other confectionery (describe) Confectionary/Snack

63 Snack food packaging Confectionary/Snack

10 61 Clothing or clothing pieces Cloth

62 Other cloth Cloth

11 64 Plastic packaging other Other Miscellaneous plastic

65 Paper packaging other Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

66 Plastic / composite other Other Miscellaneous

67 Foil materials / foil pieces Other Miscellaneous metal

12 68 No Brand Name Towels / Napkins / Serviettes Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

69 Lottery ticket debris Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

70 Printed material (newspapers, flyers, books etc.) Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

71 Stationary (school, business etc.) Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

72 Receipts (business forms, bus transfers, etc.) Paper/ Fibre Mat'l paper

13 73 Cigarette / cigar debris (>4") Tobacco

74 Tobacco other (packs, matches, cellophane) Tobacco

14 76 Misc. Paper Other Miscellaneous paper

77 Misc. Plastic Other Miscellaneous plastic

78 Misc. Paperboard Other Miscellaneous paper

79 Misc. Cardboard Other Miscellaneous paper

80 Misc. Glass Other Miscellaneous glass

81 Vehicle & Metal Road Debris Other Miscellaneous

82 Construction debris Other Miscellaneous

83 Tire & Rubber debris Other Miscellaneous rubber

84 Home Articles Other Miscellaneous


Table 3 - Detailed Descriptions of Large Item Categories

1 Beer Cans All brands of consumer beer can containers

2 Beer Bottles (glass) Refillable and non-refillable beer bottles, all sizes

3 Soft Drink (glass) Soft drinks, carbonated, non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in glass containers

4 Soft Drink (cans) Soft drinks, carbonated, non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in metal can containers

5 Soft Drink (plastic) Soft drinks, carbonated, non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in plastic containers, all sizes

6 Sport Drink (glass) Sport drinks, carbonated or non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in glass containers, all sizes

7 Sport Drink (plastic) Sport drinks, carbonated or non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in plastic containers, all sizes

8 Water (glass) Packaged water, carbonated or non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in glass containers, all sizes

9 Water (plastic) Packaged water, carbonated or non-carbonated, flavoured drinks in plastic containers, all sizes

10 Wine/ Liquor (glass) Wine & liquor in glass, all sizes

11 Wine/ Liquor (plastic/other) Wine & liquor in plastic or any other formats, all sizes

12 Milk/Juice (Plastic) Milk or juice containers, packages in plastic

13 Milk/Juice (glass) Milk or juice containers, packages in glass

14 Milk/Juice (Gable Top) Milk or juice containers, packages in gable top paper cartons, all sizes

15 Foil Pouches All packaged goods in foil packaging, pieces of foil materials

16 Aseptic (Box) Drink-in-box, juice, fluids, other

17 Broken Glass Container Glass fragments

18 Six pack plastic rings Retainer plastic for carrying cans

19 Plastic drink cups Cups, all sizes, all resin types

20 Paper Cups (cold) Cups, all sizes, all paper types - cold drinks

21 Paper Cups (Hot) Cups, all sizes, all paper types - hot drinks

22 Polystyrene cups (foam) Cups, all sizes, all polystyrene types - hot drinks

23 Other paper cups Cups, other materials

24 Cup Lids, Pieces lids Fragments and pieces of cups

25 Plastic retail bags Whole and pieces of retail plastic bags


26 Paper retail bags Whole and pieces of retail paper bags

27 Paper bags – fast food Whole and pieces of fast food outlet paper bags

28 Plastic bags – not retail Whole and pieces of plastic bags, not retail i.e. dry cleaning

29 Paper bags - not retail Paper bags & sacs, example leaf bag debris

30 Zipper bags/ sandwich plastic lunch bags and sacs

31 Cardboard boxes/ box mat'l All cardboard and box materials

32 Paperboard (cereal type) Cereal, shoe boxes and pieces etc.

33 Paper Beverage Cases Paper material outer packaging for beverage products

34 Polystyrene clamshells Whole and pieces of take-away or other Styrofoam containers

35 Paper clamshells Whole and pieces of take-away or other paper containers

36 Other Plastic Shells/Boxes PET, PVC, HDPE , other material shells

37 Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids All jars, bottles etc, plastic, non beverage, example dish detergent bottle

38 Glass jars/ bottles misc. All jars, bottles not described above, in glass

39 Cans – steel Food, non-food and other product steel can containers

40 Cans - aluminum Food, non-food and other product aluminum can containers

41 Container lids All lids, closures, and pieces > 4 sq. in.

42 Aerosol cans (paint, oils, etc.)

Aerosol cans, tops, lids - all products

43 Paper Food Wrap Wrap for food, commercial & non-commercial; example meat wrap,

44 Paper / foil composite wrap Wrap for food or non-food items, commercial & non-commercial; example hamburger paper/ foil composite wrap,

45 Plastic wrap All plastic wrap types, food, non-food

46 Polystyrene Trays Trays for take-out, non-take out, microwavable, display etc

47 Paper Trays Trays for take-out, non-take out, microwavable, display etc

48 Other Mat'l Trays (what?) Trays for take-out, non-take out, microwavable, display etc

49 Gum wrappers Packaging used to seal, sell gum products

50 Candy bar wraps Packaging used to seal, sell candy products

51 Candy pouches Packaging used to seal, sell candy products - pouch format


52 Sweet packaging (describe) Packaging used to seal, sell confections (cakes, pies, sweet snack products

53 Other confectionery (describe)

All other packaging for confectionaries

54 Condiment package (salt, ketchup, vinegar etc.)

Pouches, containers, creamers etc

55 Utensils Forks, knives, chop sticks etc

56 Name Brand (Fast Food etc.) Towels / Napkins / Serviettes

Towels & napkins etc with brand identification identifiable

57 Paper Fast Food Plates Paper Plates, used to serve fast food

58 Poly Fast Food Plates Polystyrene Plates, used to serve fast food

59 Other Plastic FF Plates Other Material Plates, used to serve fast food

60 Plates - Other Materials Plates for other than fast food applications, i.e. picnic plates used by families

61 Clothing or clothing pieces All cloth, clothing pieces, and clothing discarded on the site

62 Other cloth Tarps, industrial fabrics etc

63 Snack food packaging All snack food (i.e. Salty snacks, chips)

64 Plastic packaging other Plastic packaging otherwise not described

65 Paper packaging other Paper packaging otherwise not described

66 Plastic / composite other All paper and composite debris not previously described

67 Foil materials / foil pieces Foils and pieces, aluminum food foils, industrial foils

68 No Brand Name Towels / Napkins / Serviettes

Napkins and towels - no brand identification

69 Lottery ticket debris Tickets, and gaming items

70 Printed material (newspapers, flyers, books etc.)

All printed material, commercially printed

71 Stationary (school, bus. etc.) Includes school papers, written items, other printed materials such as business forms


72 Receipts (business forms, bus transfers etc. )

Receipts, business items, invoices, packing slips, bus transfers, commercial tickets (concerts, cinema)

73 Cigarette / cigar debris (>4") Tobacco items

74 Tobacco other (packs, matches, cellophane)

Packages, wrappers, tobacco foil products, lighters, matchboxes

75 Foil containers Foil containers (ice cream wraps)

76 Misc. Paper All other non-described paper material, whole or shredded, unidentifiable as another category

77 Misc. Plastic All other non-described plastic material, whole or shredded, unidentifiable as another category

78 Misc. Paperboard All other non-described paperboard material, whole or shredded, unidentifiable as another category

79 Misc. Cardboard All other non-described cardboard material, whole or shredded, unidentifiable as another category

80 Misc. Glass All other non-described glass material, whole or broken, unidentifiable as another category

81 Vehicle & Metal Road Debris

Debris associated with transportation, private or commercial

82 Construction debris Debris associated with construction, private or commercial

83 Tire & Rubber debris Rubber materials, tire pieces, shock absorbers, sheet rubber or pieces

84 Home Articles All non-described household items, (i.e. Lamps, electrical, lawn chairs, etc)


2.6 Photographic Record of the Site At each site location, the litter audit team took digital photographs. One shot was taken at the start of the site, looking towards the end of the site – away from the vehicle. The second photograph was taken in the mid-point of the site – looking across the width of the site toward the boundary. And the final photograph was taken at the end of the site – looking back towards the start of the site (towards the vehicle). The purpose of the photographs is to set the scene of the site – not to detail litter on the ground. In each case the number of photographs at each site was recorded on the Surveyor Site Form. The site-specific digital photographs were downloaded to the database of the survey, as an archival record of the site during the audit period.

Figure 5 - Site Photographs (example photographs)

Photo 1 – in Direction of Traffic Photo 2 – Across Site boundary


Photo 3 – Against Direction of Traffic

2.7 Survey Schedule and Progress The audit team arrived in the Edmonton area on July 12, 2009. The field audit began field work July 13 and continued consecutively through to July 20, 2009. The 2009 audit team was able to complete between 12 – 15 sites per day allowing for breaks, lunch and travel time.


3.0 Large Litter Survey Results Field observations were dictated into tape recorders, and then later transcribed onto Large Litter Site Form (Appendix 1) and Small Item Count Sheets. Forms were then inputted into a Microsoft Access database for subsequent analysis.

3.1 Discussion of Large Litter Results

Litter counted for the Alberta Transportation Litter audit, were grouped into 14 major categories.

Other (incl. misc. paper) Paper (printed mat’s, news) Other Packaging (salty snacks etc) Confectionary (candy) Cups (hot, cold drinks) Beverage containers Tobacco products Other Containers (not beverage) Bags (paper, plastic) Take out extras (condiments etc) Food wraps Cloth / Clothing Plates Trays

Within these 14 major categories, litter is characterized into 84 possible sub-categories, as listed in Table 2, Page 19. In total, 3,407 pieces of large litter were observed in the 2009 litter audit. This is an average of 33 items per site from 103 sites audited. The most significant material types observed were paper and fibre materials. All fibre based products and items observed, from all sub-categories, contributed 1,344 items or 39% of the total litter observed. Table 4, below illustrates the relative contribution of various paper and fibre based litter observed.

Table 4 – Total Fibre Litter


Composition of Fibre Litter

Items

% of Fibre

Litter

% of Total

Large Litter

Misc. Paper 273.5 20.3% 8.0%

Misc. Paperboard 216 16.1% 6.3%

Printed material (newspapers,flyers etc.) 148.5 11.0% 4.4%

Misc. Cardboard 148 11.0% 4.3%

No Brand Name Towels / Napkins 141.5 10.5% 4.2%

Paper Cups (Hot) 133.5 9.9% 3.9%

Paper Cups (cold) 97 7.2% 2.8%

Paperboard (food packaging) 64.5 4.8% 1.9%

Paper Food Wrap 25 1.9% 0.7%Top 10

Items

Paper bags - fast food 20 1.5% 0.6% 94.3%

Paper / foil composite wrap 20 1.5% 0.6%

Stationary (school, business etc.) 18 1.3% 0.5%

Paper packaging other 15 1.1% 0.4%

Receipts (forms, bus transfers, etc.) 7.5 0.6% 0.2%

Name Brand (Fast Food etc.) Napkins 6 0.4% 0.2%

Paper Trays 5.5 0.4% 0.2%

Paper bags - not retail 4.5 0.3% 0.1%

Total Fibre large litter 1,344 100%

% of total large litter 39%

The second most significant material type of litter observed was plastic litter, at 549 litter items observed. This sub-category included miscellaneous plastic, plastic packaging other, condiment packaging, plastic drink cups, plastic bags-retail and non-retail, plastic bottles and jars, utensils, zipper bags, beverage containers, polystyrene cups, confectionary packaging and six-pack carrying rings. All large plastic litter in aggregate accounted for 16% of the total large litter observed.

Table 5 - Total Plastic Litter


Composition of Plastic Litter

Items

% of Plastic

Litter

% of Total

Large Litter

Misc. Plastic 227 41% 6.7%

Candy bar wraps 69 13% 2.0%

Cup Lids, Pieces lids 48 9% 1.4%

Plastic bags - not retail 41 7% 1.2%

Plastic drink cups 37.5 7% 1.1%

Condiment package (salt, ketchup, vinegar etc.)27 5% 0.8%

Water (plastic) 27 5% 0.8%

Polystyrene cups (foam) 21 4% 0.6%

Utensils 13 2% 0.4%Top 10

Items

Sweet packaging 8.5 2% 0.2% 95%

Zipper bags/ sandwich 7.5 1% 0.2%

Candy pouches 6 1% 0.2%

Plastic wrap 4.5 1% 0.1%

Wine/ Liquor (plastic) 3.5 1% 0.1%

Six pack plastic rings 3 1% 0.1%

Milk/Juice (Plastic) 2.5 0% 0.1%

Polystyrene Trays 2 0% 0.1%

Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids 0.5 0% 0.0%

Total plastic large litter 548.5 100%

% of total large litter 16.1%

It is worth noting the contributions of fibre materials and of plastic materials as the most important material types that make up littered materials. These two material types constitute 55% of all large litter observed on Alberta highways. Effort to reduce fibre and plastic litter will reduce overall litter on provincial highways and roadways. The top 20 sub-categories of large litter make up 84% of all the large litter observed in the Alberta Transportation audit. Table 6, on page 29, illustrates these results.

Table 6 - Top Sub-Categories of Large Litter


Top 20 Sub-categories = 84% of Litter

Large Litter

Average% of Total

Large Ltter

1 Misc. Paper 273.5 8.0%













14 Beer Cans 109.5 3.2%



17 Paperboard (cereal type) 64.5 1.9%



20 Misc. Glass 50.5 2,845 1.5%

83.5%


Total Large Litter 3,407

Details of all sub-categories of large litter are presented in Table 7, on page 34.


Table 7 - Summary of All Large Litter Observed All Litter Data - Alberta Highways 2009

Large Litter Average

% of Total Large Litter

1 Misc. Paper 273.5 8.0%













14 Beer Cans 109.5 3.2%



17 Paperboard (food packaging) 64.5 1.9%



20 Misc. Glass 50.5 2,845 1.5%

83.5%

21 Cup Lids, Pieces lids 48 1.4%

22 Plastic bags - not retail 41 1.2%

23 Foil materials / foil pieces 40.5 1.2%

24 Gum wrappers 38 1.1%

25 Plastic drink cups 37.5 1.1%

26 Condiment package (salt, ketchup, vinegar etc.) 27 0.8%

27 Water (plastic) 27 0.8%

28 Paper Food Wrap 25 0.7%

29 Container lids 24 0.7%

30 Polystyrene cups (foam) 21 0.6%

31 Paper / foil composite wrap 20 0.6%

32 Paper bags - fast food 20 0.6%

33 Stationary (school, business etc.) 18 0.5%

34 Paper packaging other 15 0.4%

35 Utensils 13 0.4%

36 Beer Bottles (glass) 10.5 0.3%

37 Clothing or clothing pieces 10.5 0.3%

38 Milk/Juice (Gable Top) 10 0.3%


Large Litter Average

% of Total Large Litter

0.0%

39 Soft Drink (plastic) 9.5 0.3%

40 Other confectionery (describe) 8.5 0.2%

41 Sweet packaging 8.5 0.2%

42 Receipts (business forms, bus transfers, etc.) 7.5 0.2%

43 Zipper bags/ sandwich 7.5 0.2%

44 Cans - steel 6.5 0.2%

45 Aseptic (Box) 6 0.2%

46 Candy pouches 6 0.2%

47 Name Brand (Fast Food etc.) Napkins 6 0.2%

48 Wine/ Liquor (glass) 6 0.2%

49 Paper Trays 5.5 0.2%

50 Paper bags - not retail 4.5 0.1%

51 Plastic wrap 4.5 0.1%

52 Sport Drink (plastic) 4 0.1%

53 Wine/ Liquor (plastic) 3.5 0.1%

54 Six pack plastic rings 3 0.1%

55 Aerosol cans (paint, oils, etc.) 2.5 0.1%

56 Milk/Juice (Plastic) 2.5 0.1%

57 Cans - aluminum 2 0.1%

58 Polystyrene Trays 2 0.1%

59 Foil Pouches 1.5 0.04%

60 Plastic retail bags 1.5 0.04%

61 Snack food packaging 1.5 0.04%

62 Soft Drink (glass) 1.5 0.04%

63 Sport Drink (glass) 1.5 0.04%

64 Paper Beverage Cases 1 0.03%

65 Lottery ticket debris 0.5 0.01%

66 Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids 0.5 0.01%

3,407 100.0%

33 Items per site


3.2 Detailed Analysis of Large Litter The table below and the chart following, illustrate a characterization of Alberta Transportation litter based upon the 14 major categories.

Table 8 – Fourteen Major Large Litter Categories

Fourteen Major Categories of Litter

Category Name Total Litter

% of Total

Large

Litter

Other Miscellaneous litter Misc. paper, misc. plastic, misc.

cardboard, misc. paperboard, misc.

glass, vehicle & road debris, tire &

rubber debris, construction debris,

home articles,

1,599 46.9%

Cups (paper & plastic) Plastic & paper , hot & cold cups, lids

and pieces of same.

337 9.9%

Printed & non-printed fibre Printed materials, newspapers, flyers,

business receipts, tickets, transfers,

stationary, and non-branded napkins

316 9.3%

Beverage containers Beer, soft drink, wine/ liquor, sport

drinks, milk, juice , other

249 7.3%

Miscellaneous packaging Other packaging made of plastic ,

paper or composites

231 6.8%

Tobacco packaging Packages, wrappers, foils, matches,

packaging

200 5.9%

Confectionary items Candy, gum, sweet and savory snack

packaging

130 3.8%

Bags (plastic & paper) All paper, plastic and cloth bags 75 2.2%Boxes All fibre boxes, plastic and paper

clamshells

66 1.9%

Cloth & Clothing All textiles 66 1.9%Wraps All food wraps, paper & plastic,

domestic and commercial

49 1.4%

Fast food extras Paper & plastic fast food materials,

including identified bags, utensils and

condiment packaging

46 1.4%

Other Containers Metal, composite and other containers 35 1.0%

Trays & plates Paper or plastic plates and trays 7.5 0.2%

3,407 100%


Figure 6 - 14 Major Categories of Large Litter

Major Categories of Large Litter

9.9% 9.3%7.3% 6.8% 5.9%

3.8% 1.4%1.4%1.9%1.9%2.2%

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3.2.1 Beverage Containers

(Soft drink, beer, wine/liquor, sports, water)

Beverage Containers

2009 2009 2009Soft drinks, bottled water, juices, milk,

liquor, wine , beer , sport dinks , other Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Beer Cans 109.5 44% 3.2%

Soft Drink (cans) 53 21% 1.6%

Water (plastic) 27 11% 0.8%

Beer Bottles (glass) 10.5 4% 0.3%

Milk/Juice (Gable Top) 10 4% 0.3%

Soft Drink (plastic) 9.5 4% 0.3%

Wine/ Liquor (glass) 6 2% 0.2%

Aseptic (Box) 6 2% 0.2%

Sport Drink (plastic) 4 2% 0.1%

Wine/ Liquor (plastic/other) 3.5 1% 0.1%

Six pack plastic rings 3 1% 0.1%

Milk/Juice (Plastic) 2.5 1% 0.1%

Foil containers / pouches 1.5 1% 0.0%

Soft Drink (glass) 1.5 1% 0.0%

Sport Drink (glass) 1.5 1% 0.0%

Total Items 2009 249 100% 7.31%


Average for sub-category 2002 - 2009 all audits (73,507 observations) 6.1 %

Beverage Containers

Milk/Juice

(Gable Top),

4%

Beer Bottles

(glass), 4%

Aseptic (Box),

2%Soft Drink

(plastic), 4%

Wine/ Liquor

(glass), 2%

All other

containers, 5%

Water (plastic),

11%

Sport Drink

(plastic), 2%

Soft Drink

(cans), 21%

Beer Cans,

44%


Discussion: The total beverage container sub-category yielded a count of 249 items, or 7.3 % of the total large litter. This level of beverage container litter is significantly higher than the proportion of beverage containers observed in all audits conducted by the consultant in all jurisdictions during the period 2002-2009 (73,507 observations – average 6.1%). It should be noted that the average mentioned includes a some litter audits in non-deposit provinces where there is no deposit-refund incentive is placed on returning containers for recycling. To place some perspective on this observed level of beverage container litter, in the Edmonton litter audit of 2007, beverage container litter was 3.9% of total litter, in San Francisco (deposit-return state) it was 3.5% of total large litter in 2007. Also of interest is that beer can litter accounted for 44% of the beverage container litter observed on Alberta highways. Other alcoholic product container contribute to the occurrence of container litter with beer bottle contributing 4% , glass wine and liquor bottle 2% and plastic wine and liquor bottles a final 1%. Alcoholic beverage containers in aggregate accounted for 51% of beverage container litter along Alberta highways.


3.2.2 Cups

Cup Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Paper Cups (Hot) 133.5 40% 3.92%

Paper Cups (cold) 97 29% 2.85%

Cup Lids, Pieces lids 48.5 14% 1.42%

Plastic drink cups 37.5 11% 1.10%

Polystyrene cups (foam) 21 6% 0.62%

337.5 100% 9.91%


Average for sub-category 2002 - 2009 all audits (73,507 observations) 7.6%

Cup Litter

Plastic drink

cups, 11%

Cup Lids,

Pieces lids,

14%

Paper Cups

(cold), 29%

Polystyrene

cups (foam),

6%Paper Cups

(Hot), 40%

Discussion: Cup litter includes hot and cold drink cups, as well as cup lids and pieces of cups and lids from cups. This is indicative of wastes from a variety of over-the-counter food providers, whereby litter can then be deposited on public lands. The sub-category yielded 9.9 % of the total litter counted in the 2009 Alberta Transportation litter audit. This level of cup litter is nearly 30% higher that the average for cup litter observed in all audits between 2002 – 2009, which averages 7.6% of total litter (73,507 observations). Paper hot cup litter (coffee cups) along Alberta highways is 30% higher than the average amount of cup litter observed all audits conducted by the consultant since 2002.


3.2.3 Bags

Bags

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Plastic bags - no brand 41 55% 1.203%

Paper bags - fast food 20 27% 0.587%

Zipper bags/ sandwich 7.5 10% 0.220%

Paper retail bags 4.5 6% 0.132%

Plastic retail bags 1.5 2% 0.044%

74.5 100% 2.2%



Bag Litter

Paper bags -

fast food, 27%

Zipper bags/

sandwich, 10%

Paper retail

bags, 6%

Plastic retail

bags, 2%

Plastic bags -

no brand, 55%

Discussion:

Bags that had no brand markings on them represented 2.2 % of total large litter or 55% of bag sub-category litter. Paper bags from fast food outlets represented 27% of this litter sub-category. Bag litter in the Alberta Transportation audit was observed to be lower than the average for all observations of bag litter in all audits conducted between 2002 – 2009 (2.2% on Alberta highways vs. 3.1% average) from all other jurisdictions combined.


3.2.4 Boxes

Box Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Paperboard boxes (food) 50 76% 1.47%

Cardboard boxes/ box mat'l 16 24% 0.47%

66 100% 1.9%



Box Litter

Cardboard

boxes/ box

mat'l, 24%

Paperboard

boxes (food),

76%

Discussion: Paperboard box materials from fast food outlets (i.e. french fries, pastries, etc) represented the majority of the box litter observed at 76% of this sub-category. The amount of litter from the boxes sub-category was slightly above the average percentage of total litter for this sub-group in audits between 2002 – 2009 from other audits; 1.9% of total litter in the Alberta Transportation audit compared to an average of 1.2 % in aggregate from all previous litter audits.


3.2.5 Other Containers (non-beverage)

Other Container Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Container lids 24 66.7% 0.70%

Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids 1 2.8% 0.03%

Cans - aluminium 2 5.6% 0.06%

Cans - steel 6.5 18.1% 0.19%

Aerosol cans (paint, oils, etc.) 2.5 6.9% 0.07%

36 100% 1.06%



Other Containers

Aerosol cans

(paint, oils,

etc.), 6.9%

Cans -

aluminium,

5.6%

Cans - steel,

18.1%Container lids,

66.7%

Plastic Jars /

Bottles/ Lids,

2.8%

Discussion: Observations of containers other than beverage containers accounted for a low proportion of total litter in the Alberta Transportation litter audit. Only 36 containers were observed which was 1.1% of total litter. Container lids from a variety of container types were the majority contributor to the sub-category, followed by steel cans, aerosol cans, aluminum cans then plastic jars and bottles. The proportion of other container litter observed during the 2009 Alberta Transportation litter audit (1.1%) was below the average of this sub-category in audits performed from 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions. (73,507 observations – 2.5% of total litter).


3.2.6 Wraps

Wrap Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Paper Food Wrap 25 50.5% 0.73%

Plastic wrap 4.5 9.1% 0.13%

Paper / foil composite wrap 20 40.4% 0.59%

49.5 100% 1.45%



Wrap Litter

Paper / foil

composite

wrap, 40.4%

Plastic wrap,

9.1%

Paper Food

Wrap, 50.5%

Discussion: Within this category are items which are used to wrap food for consumption off premises, principally from fast food outlets. Paper food wraps accounted for the largest segment of the wrap litter observed, at 50 % of the sub-category. Paper / foil composite wrap materials were also significant making up 40% of this sub-category, with plastic wrap contributing 9% of the observed wrap litter in this grouping. The proportion of wrap litter observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit was less than the average of wrap litter, found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed between 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions (1.5% wraps in the Alberta Transportation audit vs. 2.3% wraps in 73,507 observations from 2002 – 2009 from all audits).


3.2.7 Take Out Extras Take-Out Food Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Condiment package (salt,

ketchup, etc.) 27 58.7% 0.79%

Utensils 13 28.3% 0.38%

Name Brand - Towels / Napkins 6 13.0% 0.18%

46 100% 1.35%



Take-Out Extra Litter

Utensils,

28.3%

Name Brand -

Towels /

Napkins,

13.0%Condiment

package (salt,

ketchup, etc.),

58.7%

Discussion: The sub-category of Take-out Food Extras includes condiment packages (ketchup, vinegar, salt, pepper, etc.) and utensils used by patrons of fast food establishments, as well as name brand napkins and fast food plates. Non-branded napkins are not included in this sub-category, since they may or may not be attributable to fast food outlet customers, and are therefore included in with paper litter. Utensils and condiment packaging from fast food stores made up the majority (87%) of the litter attributed to this sub-category. The proportion of take-out extras litter observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit was lower than the average of this sub-category found in aggregated litter observations made


from 2002 – 2007 in other jurisdictions. (1.4% of total litter for take-out extras in the Alberta Transportation audit vs. 2.5% for all audit observations since 2002).


3.2.8 Trays

Tray Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Paper Trays 5.5 73% 0.16%

Polystyrene Trays 2 27% 0.06%

7.5 100% 0.22%


Average for sub-category 2002 - 2009 all audits (73,5074 observations) 0.2% Discussion: Only seven paper trays were observed during the 2009 Alberta highways litter audit. Trays represented a very small sub-category of large litter; well below 1% of total large litter observed (0.03%). Tray litter observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit similar to the average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed from 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions. (0.22% in Alberta Transportation vs. 0.20 % tray litter found in 73,507 observations).


3.2.9 Confectionary

Confectionary Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Candy bar wraps 69 52% 2.03%

Gum wrappers 38 29% 1.12%

Sweet packaging 8.5 6% 0.25%

Snack food packaging 7.5 6% 0.22%

Candy pouches 6 5% 0.18%

Other confectionery 2.5 2% 0.07%

131.5 100% 3.86%



Confectionary Litter

Other

confectionery,

2%

Candy bar

wraps, 52%Gum wrappers,

29%

Sweet

packaging, 6%

Candy

pouches, 5%Snack food

packaging, 6%

Discussion: Confectionary products include candy bar wraps, candy pouches, and other snack food packaging and pouches. Confectionary packaging litter is normally a significant component of the litter observed in urban settings however, in this audit confectionary was less of a contributor to total litter at 3.9 % of the total large litter observed, which is 55% below the average rate from all combined audits. The most significant contributors were candy bar wrappers and gum packaging, identified here as gum wrappers, which combine to total 81% of the confectionary litter observed. Confectionary litter observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit was 55% lower than the average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed from 2002 –


2009 in all audits. (3.9 % of total litter in Alberta Transportation audit vs. 8.7% observed in 73,507 observations).


3.2.10 Textiles

Textiles & Clothing

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Other cloth 55.5 84.1% 1.65%

Clothing or clothing pieces 10.5 15.9% 0.31%

66 100.0% 2.0%



Cloth & Textile Litter

Clothing or

clothing

pieces, 20.5%

Other cloth,

79.5%

Discussion In total 66 items of textile materials were observed in the 2009 Alberta Transportation litter audit. This sub-category is a relatively small contributor to total large litter along Alberta highways. Various pieces of cloth and textile material litter were observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit. This sub-category provided only 2.0% of the total litter observed which is slightly higher than the average found in aggregated litter observations in all audits performed from 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions. (2.0 % of total large litter in Alberta Transportation audit vs. 1.3% observed in 73,507 total observations).


3.2.11 Other Packaging

Other Packaging

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Plastic packaging other 174.5 75.9% 5.1%

Foil materials / foil pieces 40.5 17.6% 1.2%

Paper packaging other 15 6.5% 0.4%

230 100.0% 6.8%



Other Packaging

Foil materials /

foil pieces,

17.6%

Paper

packaging

other, 6.5%

Plastic

packaging

other, 75.9%

Discussion This sub-category includes packaging that does not fit into other packaging sub-categories, but which were still identifiable as packaging litter. This sub-category is a significant contributor of total large litter along Alberta highways. The majority of this packaging was made of plastic. About 17% more “other packaging” litter was observed during the Alberta Transportation litter audit as compared to the average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed between 2002 – 2009 in all other audits (6.8% of total litter in the Alberta Transportation audit vs. 5.7% observed in 73,507 observations).


3.2.12 Printed and Fibre Materials

Printed and Fibre Materials

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Printed material (newspapers etc.) 148.5 46.0% 4.4%

No Brand Name Napkins 141.5 43.9% 4.2%

Stationary (school, business etc.) 18 5.6% 0.5%

Receipts (forms, tickets, etc.) 7.5 2.3% 0.2%

Name Brand Napkins (Fast Food etc.) 6 1.9% 0.2%

Lottery ticket debris 1 0.3% 0.0%

322.5 100.0% 9.5%



Printed & Fibre Materials

Receipts

(forms, tickets,

etc.), 2.3%

Name Brand

Napkins (Fast

Food etc.),

1.9% Lottery ticket

debris, 0.3%Stationary

(school,

business etc.),

5.6%

No Brand

Name

Napkins,

43.9%

Printed

material

(newspapers

etc.), 46.0%

Discussion There was much less printed material and fibre debris observed in Alberta Transportation highways litter audit than is normally observed in a litter audit in an urban area. This category characteristically is 19% of all large litter, but on Alberta highways this category contributes half that amount at 9.5% of total large litter. The largest proportion of this sub-category, were newspapers and napkins or pieces of napkins (46% printed materials/newspapers and 44% napkins). This sub-category was observed to be much lower than the average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed from 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions. (9.5 % of total litter in Alberta Transportation audit vs. 19.1% observed in 73,507 observations).


3.2.13 Tobacco

Tobacco Packaging Litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Tobacco other (packs, matches, cellophane) 200 100.0% 5.9%

200 100.0% 5.9%


Average for sub-category 2002 - 2009 all audits (73,507 observations) 5.3% Discussion The amount of tobacco product litter on Alberta highways is significant at nearly 6% of total litter, however tobacco litter observed on highway roadsides is consistent with the levels of this type of litter seen in urban areas. The level of tobacco litter on Alberta highways is slightly higher than average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed from 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions (5.9% on Alberta highways roadsides vs. 5.3% in 73,507 observations).


3.2.14 Other Miscellaneous This sub-category is normally the largest sub-category grouping in any litter audit because it includes various miscellaneous material types which cannot be grouped into other categories. The sub-category includes miscellaneous paper, miscellaneous plastic, miscellaneous cardboard, miscellaneous paperboard, miscellaneous glass, vehicle & road debris, tire and rubber debris, construction debris, and home articles. In examining the results of the Alberta Transportation litter audit it is apparent that this grouping of litter is the most important litter sub-category documented. Because this sub-category includes all the miscellaneous types of litter, including vehicle debris, tire debris and construction debris it is not surprising that the results of the audit point to a lot of “other miscellaneous” litter.

Other Miscellaneous Large litter

2009 2009 2009

Items

% of Sub-

category

% of Total

Large Litter

Misc. Paper 273.5 17.1% 8.0%

Misc. Plastic 227 14.2% 6.7%

Misc. Paperboard 216 13.5% 6.3%

Misc. Cardboard 148 9.3% 4.3%

Misc. Glass 50.5 3.2% 1.5%

Vehicle & Metal Road Debris 216.5 13.5% 6.4%

Construction debris 160.5 10.0% 4.7%

Tire & Rubber debris 123.5 7.7% 3.6%

Home Articles 183 11.4% 5.4%

1598.5 100.0% 46.9%




Other Miscellaneous Litter

Vehicle & Metal

Road Debris,

13.5%

Construction

debris, 10.0%

Tire & Rubber

debris, 7.7%

Home Articles,

11.4%

Misc. Glass,

3.2%

Misc.

Cardboard,

9.3%

Misc.

Paperboard,

13.5%

Misc. Plastic,

14.2%

Misc. Paper,

17.1%

Discussion: This sub-category yields the largest segment of litter observed in the Alberta Transportation litter audit since it is a general category that encompasses much of the unspecific litter observed. In total 1,599 pieces of large litter were categorized into this sub-category representing 47% of all the litter observed. The most significant material type observed was paper and fibre materials. All fibre based products and items observed contributed 638 items or 19 % of the total large litter observed. This is a very significant amount of large litter – dominating other sub-categories. The second most significant material type of litter observed, at 227 observed litter pieces, was plastic litter, which accounted for nearly 7% of total large litter.

Table 11 below illustrates that the proportion of various miscellaneous litter, vehicle generated litter and home articles is different on highways that it is when observed in city settings. This difference is may lead to programs to lessen large litter on highways by promoting tire maintenance, vehicle maintenance and informing the public that discarding home articles on highways is both illegal and anti-social behaviour.

Table 9 – Highway Litter Compared to City Litter


Other Miscellaneous vs. All Audit Observations

AB

Highways

Average all

Audits

% of total

large litter

% of total

large litter

Misc. Paper 8.0% 1.7%

Misc. Plastic 6.7% 8.9%

Misc. Paperboard 6.3% 1.0%

Misc. Cardboard 4.3% 1.3%

Misc. Glass 1.5% 0.9%

Vehicle & Metal Road Debris 6.4% 1.7%

Construction debris 4.7% 2.6%

Tire & Rubber debris 3.6% 1.1%

Home Articles 5.4% 2.8%


4.0 Small Litter Survey Results 4.1 Discussion of Small Litter Results The categories examined in the litter counts of items less than 4 square inches in size are:

cigarette butts other tobacco bottle caps straws candy packaging polyfoam packing materials other polystyrene debris glass paper plastic film hard plastic aluminum / foil debris rubber metal (not aluminum) other materials chewing gum

Small litter is difficult to control, because it is “manufactured” by a combination of degradation (weather) and man-made activities (vehicle traffic, mowing, etc.). Observations of small litter during the Alberta Transportation litter audit showed a relatively low occurrence of small litter along highways. This is partially explained by the fact that it is difficult to observe small litter in grassy areas, which of course are normal along provincial highways. In the Alberta Transportation litter audit 1,093 small litter items were observed at 103 sites. This averages 11 items per site. The small litter items per site results are considerably lower than for example the 21 items / site of small litter observed for the City of Toronto in 2006 or San Francisco at 23 items per site in 2007.


Small Litter - AB Highways

13.5%

7.8%5.7%

3.9%

1.0%

33.1%

14.1%

11.5%

2.6%

2.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Cig

are

tte B

utts

Oth

er

Poly

sty

rene P

ieces

Hard

Pla

stic

Sm

all

Paper

Sm

all

Gla

ss

Pla

stic

Film

Sm

all

Oth

er

Mate

rials

Rubber

Oth

er

Tobacco S

mall

Alu

m P

ieces S

mall

Candy P

ack. < 4

sq. In

.

Str

aw

s

Meta

l (not A

lum

iniu

m)

Bottle

Caps

Poly

foam

Peanuts

Chew

ing G

um

Table 10 - Small Litter – by Category

Small Litter Summary

Description of Sub-Category

2009 AB

Highways

Small Items

Observed

% of

Total

Small

Litter

Cigarette Butts 362 33.1%

Other Polystyrene Pieces 154 14.1%

Hard Plastic 148 13.5%

Small Paper 126 11.5%

Small Glass 85 7.8%

Plastic Film Small 62 5.7%

Other Materials 43 3.9%

Rubber 28 2.6%

Other Tobacco Small 22 2.0%

Alum Pieces Small 16 1.5%

Candy Pack. < 4 sq. In. 15 1.4%

Straws 13 1.2%

Metal (not Aluminium) 11 1.0%

Bottle Caps 6 0.5%

Polyfoam Peanuts 2 0.2%

Chewing Gum 0 0.0%

Small litter items observed 1,093 100%

Average small litter per site 11

Sites audited 103


A significant observation related to small litter along Alberta highways is the contribution provided by cigarette butts. Approximately one-in-three pieces of the small litter observed were cigarette butts (33.1%). This is a significantly higher proportion than that observed of tobacco small litter in one USA city audited in April 2007 and April 2008 where cigarette butts accounted for about 10% of total small litter and in Toronto in their 2006 audit where cigarette butts were 17% of small litter. This observation that tobacco litter makes up a significant portion of small litter is consistent with observations of large tobacco litter, which was 6% higher than average levels normally observed in litter audits. The fact that so many cigarette butts are discarded by motorists is concerning from a fire safety perspective as well as a litter point of view. Many of the areas audited by the consultant were is extremely dry grasslands, fields or dry woodlands areas. Discarding lit tobacco products would seem to be an unwise thing to do in these circumstances. Some promotion of not discarding cigarette butts would have a dual purpose in this case.

5.0 Comparison of Litter Cleanup Methods The objective of this project was to conduct an audit to determine baseline litter values along Alberta roads and highways, using a methodology that is proven, unbiased and reproducible for measuring the effectiveness of litter programs. This information was then to be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of current litter management activities, as well as provide empirical data to assist in any new anti-litter initiatives or in developing programs to reduce litter. There are currently five main methods of removing litter from provincial highways in Alberta. These include: the 4-H Clubs of Alberta volunteer spring cleanup programs, the Government of Alberta’s Adopt a Highway program, highway maintenance contractors as part of their contract responsibility, the inmate work crew program and the use of garbage and recycling receptacles by the public at safety rest areas throughout the province.

Spring Cleanup Program The annual highway cleanup program is held annually on the first or second Saturday in May, as weather permits. Clubs may request certain sections of Highways, but awards are made depending upon availability. The kilometres awarded depend on the number of participants. A normal ratio is one kilometre for every two participants. Many of the 4-H Club cleanups operate under this program. Alberta Transportation awards payments to clean-up volunteer organizations:

“A” Rate (Urban Rate) - $100.00/km of highway right-of-way cleaned on both sides. This rate shall apply to all roadways within 16 kms of an urban center that has a population of over 5,000.

“B” Rate (Special Area Rate) - $100.00/km of highway right-of-way cleaned on both sides. The department shall identify all Special Area roadways prior to cleanup registration day. The Minister’s representative, may, at their discretion, deem a roadway to be a special area roadway due to an unusually high concentration of garbage.

“C” Rate (Rural Rate) - $55.00/km of highway right-of-way cleaned on both sides, on all other roadways.


Caring for Alberta Highways (CAH) ` The Caring for Alberta Highways (Adopt-a-Highway) program allows a group, company or individuals to adopt a 3 to 5 kilometre section of highway. Participants provide the service on a voluntary basis (no payments will be made by Alberta Transportation). The adoption agreement will be for a minimum of 3 years with a renewal option. The program requires that a group cleaning up a section of highway do so at least once per year. The program recommends the age of participants, and has well documented safety guidelines to promote safe behaviour in traffic areas. Alberta Transportation will supply safety vests, litterbags and recognition signs. And Alberta Transportation personnel will install the recognition signs. All workers must wear a safety vest during clean up activities Alberta Transportation will provide and install "Caring for Alberta's Highways" identification signs adjacent to the highway section adopted. These identify the group, company or individual's name.


Comparing Cleanup Sites A total of 3,407 pieces of large litter were observed by auditors on Alberta roads and highways during the audit. One hundred and three (103) sites were audited during the course of the audit. This was an average of 33 items per site observed in the litter audit.

The consultant did not find any significant difference in the average number of large litter items per site in Adopt-a-Highway sites as compared to Control Sites. Control sites were those sites chosen between known Adopt-a-Highway sites, where no clear indication was given that the area had a litter cleanup program. It should be noted that some Control Sites may have been cleaned by highway maintenance contractors, although no evidence of any such cleanups was observed during the audit. It is of note that Adopt-a-Highway, Control Sites and the audits of Unknown Clean-up method sites have similar average litter rates, each rotating around the mean of 33 items/ site. See Table 13 below for a summary of these observations.

Table 11 – Comparison of Litter Clean-up Methods

Control

Sites

Adopt-A-

Highway Inmates

Unknown

Litter observed 1,047 2,109 149 102

Number of Sites 31 66 3 3

30% 64% 3% 3%

Average Litter per

site 34 32 50 34

Total Sites 103 Total large litter

observed 3,407

Sites that were identified as being cleaned by inmates (detention centre inmates) had more large litter on them. Sites that were identified as being cleaned by “unknown”, did not have any significant difference in the average number of large litter items per site in Adopt-a-Highway sites or the Control Sites.


Geographical Differences in Site Litter

The consultant analysed the large litter observations and compared results to the types of highways where litter was observed. Table 14 below, presents the observations based up on the type of highway where sites were audited.

Table 12 – Highway Type

Large Litter - Comparison by Highway Type

Highway Designation Type of Highway Average Items/ Site

Highway 22X 2 & 4-Lane - Major Hwy 56.5

Highway 2 4-Lane - Major Hwy 38.2

Highway 16 2 & 4-Lane - Major Hwy 36.8


Highway 14 Major Highway 31.5

Highway 11 Major Highway 30.7

Highway 1 4-Lane - Major Hwy 28.52

Highway 772 Secondary Highway 22.5




Highway 72 Rural Highway 15

Highway 23 Rural Highway 14.5

Highway 37 1. Arterial Highway 90.5

Highway 60 1. Arterial Highway 45

Note 1. Sites on Hwy 37 and Hwy 60 appear to be anomolies. Sites

in the surroundig area were cleaner thatn the sites audited.

The amount of litter observed on Alberta Highways is directly proportional to the traffic level on the highway where litter is examined. Highway 22X, south of Calgary is a very busy major 4 – lane roadway. It is near residential areas, and has a large volume of commuter traffic on it every weekday. Highway 22X had a large litter rate which was observed to be nearly 70% higher than the audit average litter rate of 33 items/ site. Highway 2, being the main motorway between Northern Alberta – Edmonton – Red Deer – Calgary and the USA border is also a high volume roadway. Its average large litter rate was 15% higher than the provincial large litter rate. Highway 16, in the Edmonton area exhibited a large litter rate 12% higher than the audit average. Highway 3, had differing rates of large litter, depending where audit sites were. Through urban Lethbridge, some Highway 3 litter sites exhibited litter rates of in or around the 100 items per site (300% higher than the audit average). Meanwhile, along Highway 3, in the Taber area litter rates were recorded as low as 10 items per site; which were some of the cleanest sites observed during the 2009 audit. It was apparent to the audit team that the Caring for Alberta Highways sites in Southern Alberta, especially near Taber were being serviced regularly by their sponsors. They showed a level of care not seen on other parts of Alberta during the audit.


6.0 Recommendations The following recommendations are offered to Alberta Transportation, following the analysis of results from the 2009 audit: 1. The Annual Spring Clean-up and the Caring for Alberta Highways (CAH) programs are

both important tools to combat litter on Alberta highways. These programs should be maintained. Consideration should be given to:

o Increase the communication with Clubs / CAH to assure once yearly clean-ups are occurring

o Document frequent cleanup participants – and recognize their efforts o Awards could be given to:

Top 5 Best Annual Spring Clean-up program, and the Top 5 Best Caring for Alberta Highways (CAH) programs Awards could be media driven to bolster knowledge of the programs Awards could provide opportunities for Alberta Transportation to

recognize community service by the recipients. Awards could be administered by an independent not-for-profit

organization ( such as Recycling Council of Alberta or other), and based upon criteria developed by Alberta Transportation.

2. Since the type of cleanup method was observed to be less critical to large litter on the

ground than the type / location of the highway where litter was observed, we recommend:

o Focus resources on major litter problem areas such as: Highway 22 x – Calgary area Hwy 2 – Edmonton to Calgary corridor Highway 16 – east and west of Edmonton Highway 3 – Urban sections, Medicine Hat, Lethbridge

o Resources could include, but not be limited to: Partnerships with service Clubs to increase clean-up Intensified Litter Education in these areas (schools, clubs, media, paid

advertising, public service announcements, media partnerships with sponsorships)

Increased enforcement of littering violations (likely there are very few tickets issued for littering yearly in the Province)

This would require cooperation with law enforcement Once Litter Education is implemented – re-audit same sites to

determine effectiveness of the messages, and if measurable reduction in litter is observed ( 1 to 2 year re-audit cycle)

3. Focus some coordinated attention with health authorities, and with fire safety

authorities on the dangers of discarding lit cigarette butts along Alberta highways. 4. Deployment of more trash cans, recycling stations would be beneficial, within financial

constraints of the department. Consideration should be given to broadening partnerships with Service Clubs to service bins, or with capital program sponsors such as the Alberta Beverage Container Recycling Corporation who have sponsored recycling bins along roadways.


APPENDIX 1 – Large Litter Audit Form Large Litter Site Form

CHECK TAPE RECORDER IS WORKING Site ID Number: ________ Date:_________________ Photos Taken: ___ Y/N Start Time: __________ Finished Time: ___________ Tape #: ______ Surveyor’s Name: __________________ FIXED or VARIABLE _____ F / V (circle one) If variable: Width 1 :Beginning: ________ ft. (up to 18ft.) Width 2: Middle: _________ ft. (up to 18ft.)

Width 3: End _________ ft. (up to 18ft.) Always 200 feet long

Road type: Major highway □ Paved Rural Road □Unpaved Rural Road □ Major City Street □

Minor City Street □ Laneway Other □ ____________________ (describe)

Lanes: 2, 4, 6, other (explain) ______________________________________________________________ Is roadway / highway divided: _______ Y / N Area Attribute:

Built up / urban area □ Is the area Residential □ Industrial □ Parkland

□ Rural setting □

Grass Height: a. < 3 inches: □ b. 3” – 6”: □ c. over 6 “: □ ( Check one)

Catch point: fence □ hedge □ curb □ mower line □ tree line □ other □ ______________________________________________________________________ details Visual rating of site: ( 1 = cleanest ; 4 = dirtiest) _______ Is there a Fast food store within 1 KM? ________ Y/N Convenience store within 1 KM __________ Y/N Traffic light / stop sign or major intersection within sight? __________ Y/N Evidence of Litter Clean up? ______ Y/N Cleanup details ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ (text) Additional comments : ___________________________________________________________


CAT

#

CATEGORY Pass 1 Total Pass 2 Total BRAND NAMES OBSERVED

MISCELLANEOUS LITTER

76 Misc. Paper (unidentifiable paper)

77 Misc. Plastic (unidentifiable plastic)

78 Misc. Paperboard (unidentifiable paperboard)

79 Misc. Cardboard (unidentifiable cardboard)

80 Misc. Glass (unidentifiable glass)

CONTAINERS

1 Beer Cans

2 Beer Bottles (glass)

3 Soft Drink (glass)

4 Soft Drink (cans)

5 Soft Drink (plastic)

6 Sport Drink (glass)

7 Sport Drink (plastic)

8 Water (glass)

9 Water (plastic)

10 Wine/ Liquor (glass)

11 Wine/ Liquor (plastic/other)

12 Milk/Juice (Plastic)

13 Milk/Juice (glass)

14 Milk/Juice (Gable Top)

15 Foil Pouches

16 Aseptic (Box)

17 Broken Glass Container

18 Six pack plastic rings

CUPS

19 Plastic drink cups

20 Paper Cups (cold)

21 Paper Cups (Hot)

22 Polystyrene cups (foam)

23 Other paper cups

24 Cup Lids, Pieces lids

BAGS

25 Plastic retail bags

26 Paper retail bags

27 Paper bags – fast food

28 Plastic bags – not retail

29 Paper bags - not retail

30 Zipper bags/ sandwich

Boxes

31 Cardboard boxes/ box mat'l

32 Paperboard (cereal type)

33 Paper Beverage Cases

34 Polystyrene clamshells

35 Paper clamshells

36 Other Plastic Shells/Boxes

Other Containers & Packaging

37 Plastic Jars / Bottles/ Lids

38 Glass jars/ bottles misc.

39 Cans – steel

40 Cans – aluminium (not beverage)

41 Container lids

42 Aerosol cans (paint, oils, etc.)

64 Plastic packaging other

65 Paper packaging other

66 Plastic / composite other

67 Foil materials / foil pieces

75 Foil containers


WRAPS & TRAYS

43 Paper Food Wrap

44 Paper / Foil composite wrap

45 Plastic wrap

46 Polystyrene Trays

47 Paper Trays

48 Other Mat'l Trays

CANDY & GUM & SNACKS

49 Gum wrappers

50 Candy bar wraps

51 Candy pouches

52 Sweet packaging (describe)

53 Other confectionery (describe)

63 Snack food packaging (chips / peanuts etc)

FAST FOOD ITEMS

54 Condiment package (salt, ketchup, vinegar etc.)

55 Utensils

56 Name Brand (Fast Food etc.) Towels / Napkins /

Serviettes

57 Paper Fast Food Plates

58 Poly Fast Food Plates

59 Other Plastic Fast Food Plates

60 Plates - Other Materials

68 No Brand Name Towels / Napkins / Serviettes

HOUSHOLD ARTICLES

61 Clothing or clothing pieces

62 Other cloth

81 Vehicle & Metal Road Debris

82 Construction debris

83 Tire & Rubber debris

84 Home Articles

PRINTED MATERIALS

69 Lottery ticket debris

70 Printed material (newspapers, flyers, books etc.)

71 Stationary(school, bus. etc.)

72 Receipts (business forms , bus transfers etc. )

TOBACCO PRODUCTS

73 Cigarette / cigar debris (>4")

74 Tobacco other (packs, matches, cellophane)

APPENDIX 2 – Site Locations AB Highways - Site Locations

Site Id AB Trans

Id

Map

Source

Map

Page

Lat & Long Nearest

Municipality

Highway Control

Section

Directions

1 168 MapArt 96 / 56 N 53˚ 25.526 ' W

113˚ 45.759'

Devon Hwy.# 60 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy 60

immediately north of Township Road 514 (Woodbend Road).

CAH sign on site (In Memory of Adam Booth).

2 165 MapArt 56 N 53˚ 32.918 ' W

114˚ 06.513'

Stony Plain Hwy.# 16A 14 Site is on the eastbound lane of Highway 16A between Beach

Corner Road - RR15 and (Allan Beach Road - RR13 to in the

south ditch. Site begins at the Weather Radar Station.

3 170 MapArt 56 N 53˚ 34.178 ' W

114˚ 03.016'

Stony Plain Hwy.# 16 14 Site is on eastbound lane of Hwy. #16 between Rge. Rd. 12

(Rosenthal Rd.) and Hwy. 779. Site on south shoulder of Hwy.

#16 beginning at the CAH sign (Parkland Jays, Good Sam, RV

Club, Spruce Grove).

4 166 MapArt 56 N 53˚ 46.339 ' W

113˚ 38.735'

Morinville Hwy.# 2 36 From the eastbound lane of Secondary Highway #642 just past

Morinville turn south onto Hwy. #2. Site is on the southbound

lane of Hwy.#2 just south of Township Road 554 and Cardiff

Road intersection on the west shoulder. CAH sign on site

(Rebekahs & Oddfellows).

5 200 MapArt 56/96 N 53˚ 42.913 ' W

113˚ 33.321'

St Albert Hwy.# 37 4 Site is on eastbound lane of Hyw. #37 at intersection of Nelson

Rd. between Rge. Rd. 245 and Hwy.# 28 on the south shoulder.

6 167 MapArt 57 N 53˚ 34.216 ' W

113˚ 09.183'

Sherwood Park Hwy.# 16 20 Proceed westbound on Hwy# 16 from Rge. Rd 222 (Ardrossan

interchange). Site is just before Rge Rd. 224 on the north

shoulder of Hwy. #16. Site commences about 10' before the CAH

sign (Transalta Retirees)

7 164 MapArt 96/57 N 53˚ 26.821 ' W

113˚ 16.412'

Edmonton Hwy.# 14 4 Travelling westbound on Hwy.# 14 the site is between Rge. Rd.

231 and Rge. Rd. 233. Site is on the north shoulder of Hyw. #14

commencing approx. 18' west of the CAH sign (South Edmonton

Lions Club)

8 163 MapArt 57 N 53˚ 21.945 ' W

113˚ 14.749'

Beaumont Hwy.# 21 26 Travelling southbound on Hwy# 21 the site is between Twp. Rd.

512 and Twp. Rd. 510 (city line). Site is on the west shoulder of

Hwy.# 2 commencing approx. 20' north of the CAH sign (Good

News Riding Centre Ltd.).

9 169 MapArt 56/64 N 53˚ 13.298 ' W

113˚ 34.804'

Leduc Hwy.# 2 30 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy# 2 between Twp. Rd.492 and

Twp. Rd. 494 just south of Leduc. Site is on Hwy.#2 commencing

1.5km south of the weight scale on the west shoulder. CAH sign

on site (Leduc 7th Day Adventist Church).

10 201 MapArt 64 N 53˚ 11.231 ' W

113˚ 35.907'

Didsbury Hwy.# 2 30 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2.

Site is just 1km south of exit 508 for Twp. Rd. 490 (Glen Pk.

Main Rd.)

11 88 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 44.494 ' W

113˚ 38.647'

Ponoko Hwy.# 2 28 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just south of the overpass

for Hwy. #795. Site is on the west shoulder commencing at the

CAH sign (Ponoka Fish & Game Association).

12 100 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 40.252 ' W

113˚ 39.272'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just 500m south of Hwy.#

53 exit. Site cleaned by Red Deer Remand Centre Inmates.

13 85 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 37.804 ' W

113˚ 39.830'

Lacombe Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just south of exit 446 for

Mateika Rd. on the west shoulder. Site is cleaned by the Black

Elk Hockey Camp.

14 202 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 35.266 ' W

113˚ 39.802'

Lacombe Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on wet shoulder of southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of

Hwy. #815 and 0.8km northof exit 446 for Hwy.# 604.

15 96 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 31.168 ' W

113˚ 40.796'

Lacombe Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of Twp. Rd. 412 and

Milton Gadsby Lake Rd. intersections and prior to (north of) exit

431 to Lacombe Site is on the west shoulder of Hwy. #2 and is

cleaned by the Lacombe Handicraft & Lapidary Guild.

16 203 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 29.970 ' W

113˚ 43.645'

Lacombe Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 3km south of exit #431 for

Hwy. 2A. Site on west shoulder adjacent to the Wolf Creek Inn.


AB Highways - Site Locations

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17 79 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 29.090 ' W

113˚ 45.802'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 1km south of Rge. Rd. 270

on the west shoulder. Site is cleaned by Gordon & Lucille Redel.

18 84 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 27.645 ' W

113˚ 47.268'

Lacombe Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 on west shoulder

immediately south of exit 422b for Hyw. # 12. Site is adjacent to

Lacombe RV sales and is cleaned by the Lacombe Lions Club.

19 82 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 24.587 ' W

113˚ 49.189'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of Twp. Rd. 400 and

just 3km north of the 412 inerchange to Hyw. #597. Site is on the

west shoulder commening at the CAH sign (Soroptomist

International of Alberta

20 204 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 21.779 ' W

113˚ 49.885'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 26 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy.#2

south of Twp. Rd. 394 and just 2km south of exit 412 to Hwy.#

597.

21 91 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 16.430 ' W

113˚ 44.333'

Red Deer Hwy.# 11 14 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11

immediately east of Red Deer City Limits. Site commences at

CAH sign (Waskasoo Roamers).

22 205 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 16.441 ' W

113˚ 39.808'

Red Deer Hwy.# 11 14 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11approx

5km east of Red Deer City Limits and 2km east of Rge. Rd. 265.

23 94 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 16.170 ' W

113˚ 35.300'

Red Deer Hwy.# 11 14 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11 just

east of Hwy. #808 and the bridge over the Red Deer River. Site

commences at the CAH sign (Nova Chemicals)

24 99 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 15.999 ' W

113˚ 51.687'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 24 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

just 2.4km south of exit 401 to Hwy.# 11. Site is just past the

railway bridge over the Red Deer River and is cleaned by Red

Deer Remand Centre Inmates.

25 206 MapArt 64 N 52˚ 13.274 ' W

113˚ 48.855'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 24 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

just 1.2km south of exit 394 to Hwy.# 595. Site commences at

Gasoline Alley Leva Ave. sign.

26 73 MapArt 70 N 52˚ 08.554 ' W

113˚ 48.853'

Red Deer Hwy.# 2 24 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

immediately south of exit 384 to Hwy# 592 (W) and to Hwy.# 42

(E). Site commences CAH sign (RCMP Vetrans Assoc. Red

Deer).

27 72 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 47.284 ' W

114˚ 01.538'

Olds Hwy.# 2 20 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

just south of exit 340 to Hwy# 27 (to Olds). Site is cleaned by the

Kiwanis Club of Olds

28 207 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 43.959 ' W

114˚ 01.544'

Didsbury Hwy.# 2 20 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

just south of Twp. Rd. 322 (Amerada Rd.).

29 123 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 42.804 ' W

114˚ 01.541'


just 2km south of Twp. Rd. 322 (Amerada Rd.) and just north of

Rge. Rd. 320 and 1.5km north of exit 326 to Hwy.# 582. Site is

cleaned by the Fulkerth Cousins.

30 116 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 35.873 ' W

114˚ 01.526'


just 2km south of Twp. Rd. 310 (Bergthall Rd.) Site commences

at CAH sign (No Disignation). Site is cleaned by theArthritis

Society of Alberta

31 148 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 29.450 ' W

114˚ 01.530'

Crossfield Hwy.# 2 20 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

approx. 7.3km south of exit 315 to Hwy.# 581 and just north of

exit 305 to Hwy.# 580. Site commences adjacent to the Viterra

Feed Mill. Site is supposedlycleaned by Lee & Lisa Linderman.

32 117 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 26.499 ' W

114˚ 00.488'

Crossfield Hwy.# 2 18 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2.

Site is 3.4kms south of exit 305 to Twp. Rd. 292. Site is cleaned

by the Crossfield Lions.

33 208 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 23.261 ' W

113˚ 46.661'

Beiseker Hwy.# 72 10 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 72

approx. 15.3 km east of Hwy. #2 and just past Rge. Rd. 275.

34 209 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 23.212 ' W

113˚ 34.083'

Beiseker Hwy.# 72 10 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 72. Site

starts at intersection with Rge. Rd. 262.

35 144 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 20.200 ' W

113˚ 35.402'

Irricana Hwy.# 9 2 Site is on southbound lane on the west shoulder of Hwy.# 9 at

intersection of Rge. Rd. 263. Site is supposedly cleaned by The

Co-operator Insurance

36 129 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 21.713 ' W

114˚ 00.125'

Airdrie Hwy.# 2 18 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

just 1.5km south of Hwy.# 72 just past the rest area. Site is

cleaned by the Airdrie Rotary Club.



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37 127 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 17.587 ' W

114˚ 00.023'

Airdrie Hwy.# 2 18 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

just south of exit 285 to Hwy.# 567. Site is adjacent to the Airdrie

Registry. Site is cleaned by the Airdrie Registries.

38 114 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 15.358 ' W

114˚ 09.863'

Airdrie Hwy.# 772 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy.# 772

just 1.5km south of the intersection with Hyw.# 567. E621st

Menonite Church Youth Group.

39 210 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 18.047 ' W

114˚ 09.951'

Airdrie Hwy.# 772 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 772

immediately north of the intersection of Hwy. #567. Site

commences behind the Goldenrod Hall.

40 153 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 16.244 ' W

114˚ 19.086'

Airdrie Hwy.# 567 2 Site is on the south shoulder of the westbound lane Hwy.# 567

just .5km east of the intersection of Hwy.# 766.

41 211 MapArt 70 N 51˚ 18.001 ' W

114˚ 28.226'

Cochrane Hwy.# 22 16 Site is on west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hyw.# 22 just

south of Twp. Rd. 272 and 3 km north of Hwy.# 567.

42 108 MapArt 69 N 51˚ 13.610 ' W

114˚ 34.666'

Cochrane Hwy.# 1A 6 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A

approx. 7.4km west of Hwy.# 22. Site is cleaned by the Saints

Rugby Club.

43 142 MapArt 69 N 51˚ 13.481 ' W

114˚ 38.325'

Exshaw Hwy.# 1A 4 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and

is 1.4km east of Hwy.# 40. Site is adjacent to the Petro Canada

Wildcat Hills Gas Plant and is cleaned by them.

44 154 MapArt 69 N 51˚ 06.143 ' W

115˚ 05.240'

Calgary Hwy.# 1A 4 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and

is at the intersection of Hwy.# 1X commencing at the CAH sign.

Site is supposedly cleaned by Bighorn Meadows.

45 212 MapArt 75 N 51˚ 03.928 ' W

115˚ 08.677'

Exshaw Hwy.# 1A 2 Note: Site moved from Hwy. #1 to #1A. Site is on north shoulder

of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and is 5.7km west of the

intersection of Hwy.# 1A and Hwy.#1X. Site commences 1km

west of Greymont Exshaw Plant.

46 118 MapArt 75 N 51˚ 03.245 ' W

115˚ 15.920'

Canmore Hwy.# 1A 2 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A

approx. 4.6km east of Elk Run Blvd. (Canmore). Site commences

at the CAH sign (Bank of Montreal).

47 213 MapArt 69/75 N 51˚ 03.258 ' W

115˚ 18.627'

Hwy.# 1 2 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1 at

exit 93 to Hwy.# 742. Site is in the meridian between Hwy.# 1and

the 93 exit ramp.

48 149 MapArt 75 N 51˚ 03.893 ' W

115˚ 19.434'

Canmore Hwy.# 1 2 Site on north shoulder of westbournd lane of Hwy.1 just past the

Bridge over the Bow River. Site commences at the CAH sign

(United Towing, Canmore, Banff, Lake Louise). Site adjacent to 3

Sisters Mountains development.

49 119 MapArt 69 N 51˚ 05.744 ' W

115˚ 21.042'

Canmore Hwy.# 1 2 Site on north shoulder of westbournd lane of Hwy.1 just 1.0km

west of exit 89 to Canmore. Site cleaned by the Rotary Club of

Canmore.

50 130 MapArt 75 N 51˚ 05.560 ' W

115˚ 20.871'

Canmore Hwy.# 1 2 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. #1 east of

Canmore; past Dead Man's Flats and just past exit 89 (George

Bigby Sr. Rd.). Site commences at the CAH sign (Friday

Professional Group Inc.)

51 214 MapArt 69 N 51˚ 05.243 ' W

114˚ 31.580'

Canmore Hwy.# 1 6 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. #1 east of

Canmore and east of Hwy# 68 intersection and .6km just east of

Jumping Pond Rd.

52 124 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 46.886 ' W

113˚ 56.865'

Okotoks Hwy.# 2 12 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2 just

2.3km south of exit 222 to Hyw. #552. Site commences at CAH

sign (Concord Masonic Lodge).

53 138 MapArt 76 N 53˚ 45.603 ' W

113˚ 55.342'

Okotoks Hwy.# 2 12 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. approx.

5.3km south of exit 222 to Hyw. #552. Site commences at CAH

sign (Corintian Masonic Lodge NO. 22).

54 110 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 44.320 ' W

113˚ 55.805'

?? Hwy.# 2 12 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. just 1.1

km south of 338 Ave. Site commences at CAH sign (The Family

"Haines").

55 215 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 42.658 ' W

113˚ 52.946'

Bow Island Hwy.# 2 12 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. just

south of 370 Ave. And just past the Sheep River Bridge approx

.5km before (north) of exit 209 to Hwy. # 7 W. Site commences

the sign for exit 209 (Hwy.# 7 W & Hwy.# 547 E).

56 24 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 43.067 ' W

113˚ 37.036'

Gleichen Hwy.# 547 4 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy.# 547 approx.

5km east of the intersection of Hwy.#s 799 and 522. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Arrowood River Wranglers.

57 109 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 43.071 ' W

113˚ 25.965'

Gleichen Hwy.# 547 2 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy.# 547 approx.

0.8km east of the intersection of Herronton Rd. before the

intersection of Hwy. # 24. Site is supposedly cleaned by the

Blackfoot Rodeo Club.



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58 216 MapArt 77 N 50˚ 51.806 ' W

112˚ 58.981'

Gleichen Hwy.# 1 14 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.5km east of the intersection of Hwy. 901 at Rge. Rd. 223.

59 122 MapArt 77 N 50˚ 51.809 ' W

112˚ 52.411'

Gleichen Hwy.# 1 14 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.1km east of Rge. Rd. 215 and just west of the intersection of

Hwy. # 842. Site is supposedly cleaned by the Gleichen Masonic

Lodge #36

60 217 MapArt 77 N 50˚ 50.030 ' W

112˚ 39.108'

Bassano/Brook

s

Hwy.# 1 16 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.5km east of the intersection of Hwy. # 56.

61 218 MapArt 78 N 50˚ 43.359 ' W

112˚ 16.870'

Taber Hwy.# 1 16 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

3km east of the Rge. Rd. 171 and 13km west of Hwy. # 36.

62 25 MapArt 77 / 78 N 50˚ 39.141 ' W

112˚ 04.296'

Brooks Hwy.# 1 16 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

5km east site #218 between Spring Hill Canal and the Matzhiwan

Creek Spillway. Site commences at the CAH sign for Medicine

HatCollege - Brooks Campus.

63 26 MapArt 77 / 78 N 50˚ 37.774 ' W

111˚ 58.211'


3km east of Hwy. # 36. Site commences at the CAH sign (No

Dedication).

64 19 MapArt 78 N 50˚ 20.201 ' W

111˚ 22.713'


44km east of Hwy. # 876 and 2km west of Rge. Rd. 105.. Site

commences at the CAH sign (No Dedication). Site is supposedly

cleaned by the South AB. Hogosha Institute.

65 22 MapArt 78 N 50˚ 2.816' ' W

111˚ 09.158'

Suffield Hwy.# 1 20 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just

1.6km east of Hwy. # 884.

66 219 MapArt 79 N 50˚ 10.526 ' W

111˚ 01.077'

Suffield Hwy.# 1 20 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1

approx. 12km east of Hwy. # 884 and 1km east of Rge. Rd. 83.

67 64 MapArt 79 N 50˚ 07.741 ' W

110˚ 53.416'

Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 20 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just

past Rge. Rd. 73. Site commences at CAH sign (Medicine Hat

Optomist Club)

68 29 MapArt 79 N 50˚ 06.062 ' W

110˚ 49.489'

Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 20 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just

past the intersection of Hwy.# 524 and immediately before Rge.

Rd. 70.. Site commences at CAH sign (LDS First Ward Youth)

69 220 MapArt 79 N 50˚ 04.329 ' W

110˚ 45.501'

Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 20 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#

1immediately west of the Medicine Hat City Limits; 8km east of

Broadway Ave. through Redcliff.

70 65 MapArt 79 N 50˚ 00.179 ' W

110˚ 40.936'

Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 21 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#

1immediately southeast of the overpass for College Ave. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Medicine Hat Inmates.

71 18 MapArt 85 N 49˚ 54.133 ' W

110˚ 52.440'

Medicine Hat Hwy.# 3 16 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

commencing at Twp. Rd. #112. E81The Connection.

72 61 MapArt 85 N 49˚ 53.042 ' W

110˚ 53.854'

Taber Hwy.# 3 16 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just

past the intersection of Hwy. # 877. Site commences at the CAH

sign (Premium Sausage Inc.).

73 221 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 52.405 ' W

111˚ 02.554'


1km west of Rge. Rd. #83 (Gechter Corner Rd.) and just before

Rge. Rd. # 84.

74 16 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 52.411 ' W

111˚ 12.642'

Taber Hwy.# 3 14 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately west of Rge. Rd. #95. Site commences at CAH sign

(In Loving Memory of Ashley Nelson)

75 55 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 50.230 ' W

111˚ 27.494'


1km west of the intersection of Hwy. # 879 Site commences at

CAH sign (Knibbs In Loving Memory of Bert)

76 52 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 49.637 ' W

111˚ 35.109'

Taber Hwy.# 3 14 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at

Reg. Rd. #124. Site commences at CAH sign (Knibbs In Loving

Memory of Jack & Isabel)

77 15 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 49.445 ' W

111˚ 43.330'


immediately west of Reg. Rd. #134. Site commences at CAH

sign (Knibbs In Loving Memory of Reginald & Reima)

78 49 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 49.098 ' W

111˚ 48.609'


immediately before (east)of Reg. Rd. #142. Site commences at

CAH sign (Knibbs In Loving Memory of Vivian & Gordon Loxton

& Family)



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79 222 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 48.699 ' W

111˚ 59.498'

Purple Springs Hwy.# 3 12 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 west

of Purple Springs commencing at Reg. Rd. #154 .

80 13 MapArt 84 N 49˚ 47.925 ' W

112˚ 03.616'

Taber Hwy.# 3 12 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at the

intersection of Reg. Rd. #161. Site commences at CAH sign

(Prarie Buffalo Farms)

81 48 MapArt 83 / 84 N 49˚ 46.349 ' W

112˚ 12.000'


0.3km west of Reg. Rd. #171. Site commences at CAH sign

(Taber Lion Club)

82 223 MapArt 83 / 84 N 49˚ 45.276 ' W

112˚ 15.775'

Barnwell Hwy.# 3 10 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately west of Barnwell and Reg. Rd. #174.

83 8 MapArt 83 / 84 N 49˚ 45.377 ' W

112˚ 18.484'

Taber Hwy.# 3 10 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at

Reg. Rd. #180. Site commences at CAH sign (Potato Growers of

Alberta)

84 6 MapArt 83 / 82 N 49˚ 43.678 ' W

112˚ 37.470'

Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 10 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at

intersection of Hwy.# 845 through Coaldale. Site commences at

CAH sign (John & Jenny Voorsorst).

85 69 MapArt 82 N 49˚ 43.678 ' W

112˚ 37.470'

Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 10 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just

1km west of Reg. Rd. 211 across from the Victory Church. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Lethbridge inmates.

86 67 MapArt 83/100 N 49˚ 42.034 ' W

112˚ 50.231'

Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 8 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 west

of the Mayor Magrath Dr. interchange. Site is immediately west of

the Stafford Dr. Interchange. Site is supposedly cleaned by the

Lethbridge inmates.

87 5 MapArt 83 N 49˚ 42.779 ' W

112˚ 52.652'

Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 8 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately after leaving the City Limits just west of the Oldman

River Bridge. Site is between Bridge Dr. and Hwy.# 25 exit. Site is

cleaned by the Coulee Kruzers Jeep Club.

88 36 MapArt 83 N 49˚ 44.258 ' W

112˚ 55.800'

Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 8 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

just 2km west of Hwy. # 25 intersection. Site commences at the

CAH sign (St. Johns Ambulance Brigade).

89 224 MapArt 83 N 49˚ 50.934 ' W

113˚ 05.011'

Monarch Hwy.# 23 4 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 23

just 0.5km north of Twp. Rd. 104.

90 3 MapArt 83 N 49˚ 52.525 ' W

113˚ 05.136'

Nobleford Hwy.# 23 4 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 23

just 0.2km north of the intersection of Hwy. #519. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Providence Christian School.

91 2 MapArt 82 N 49˚ 52.416 ' W

113˚ 17.901'

Granum Hwy.# 519 2 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 519

just west of Rge. Rd. 251. Site is supposedly cleaned by the

Calvin Christian School.

92 225 MapArt 82 N 49˚ 50.682 ' W

113˚ 31.463'

Nobleford Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

immediately south of Twp. Rd. 104.

93 31 MapArt 82 N 49˚ 55.868 ' W

113˚ 32.205'

Granum Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2

north of Hwy. #519 intersection and 100 meters south of Rge.

Rd. 114. Site commences 120 feet in front (south) of the CAH

sign "Young Parkyn McNabb"

94 226 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 02.618 ' W

113˚ 35.391'

Claresholm Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1km north of Claresholm at intersection of Hwy. #520.

95 227 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 03.283 ' W

113˚ 35.711'

Claresholm Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2

approx. 2km north of Claresholm and Hwy. # 520

96 1 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 05.367 ' W

113˚ 36.703'

Claresholm Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1.0km north of Twp. Rd. 132. Site supposedly cleaned by the AT

Children's Project.

97 133 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 37.899 ' W

113˚ 50.172'

Calgary Hwy.# 2 12 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2

north of 466 Ave. E. Site supposedly cleaned by the BP

Volunteers - Calgary Reitrees.

98 137 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 31.726 ' W

113˚ 49.695'

High River Hwy.# 2 10 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

approx. 3km south of High River and just 1.5km north of 594

Avenue East. Site commences at the CAH sign " R. Montgomery

& Family ".

99 132 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 12.365 ' W

113˚ 39.364'

Stavely Hwy.# 2 10 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

just 1.7km south of Hwy. #529 intersection. Site commences at

the CAH sign "In Memory of MAJ. Bruce Fitzsimmons ".

100 33 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 10.743 ' W

113˚ 39.330'

Stavely Hwy.# 2 8 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

just 1km south of Stavely and Twp. Rd. 527. Site commences at

the CAH sign "Elks & Royal Purple ".

101 228 MapArt 76 N 50˚ 50.047 ' W

114˚ 00.471'

Calgary Hwy.# 2A 6 Site on the east shoulder of northbound lane of Hwy. #2A

immediately north of 242 Ave W.

102 229 MapArt 76/92 N 50˚ 53.575 ' W

114˚ 09.020'

Calgary Hwy.# 22X West 2 Site on north shoulder of westbound lane of Hwy. # 22X west of

Hwy. #2A intersection and just .7km west of the intersections of

37th St. and 96th St.

103 230 MapArt 76/92 N 50˚ 54.407 ' W

113˚ 55.745'

Calgary Hwy.# 22X East 4 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. # 22X east of

Hwy. #2 at the intersection 72 St.


APPENDIX 3 – Site Rankings

Rank Site Id Site_name Directions Items/

Site

Cleaned By

1 25 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2 just

1.2km south of exit 394 to Hwy.# 595. Site commences at Gasoline

Alley Leva Ave. sign.

132.5 Control Site

2 24 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

2.4km south of exit 401 to Hwy.# 11. Site is just past the railway

bridge over the Red Deer River and is cleaned by Red Deer

Remand Centre Inmates.

115.5 Red Deer

Remand Centre

Inmates

3 87 Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately after leaving the City Limits just west of the Oldman

River Bridge. Site is between Bridge Dr. and Hwy.# 25 exit. Site is

cleaned by the Coulee Kruzers Jeep Club.

113 Coulee Kruzers

Jeep Club -

Lethbridge

4 86 Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 west of

the Mayor Magrath Dr. interchange. Site is immediately west of the

Stafford Dr. Interchange. Site is supposedly cleaned by the

Lethbridge inmates.

106 Lethbridge

inmates

5 84 Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at

intersection of Hwy.# 845 through Coaldale. Site commences at

CAH sign (John & Jenny Voorsorst).

96.5 John & Jenny

Voorsorst - W of

Lethbridge

6 5 St Albert Hwy.# 37 Site is on eastbound lane of Hyw. #37 at intersection of Nelson Rd.

between Rge. Rd. 245 and Hwy.# 28 on the south shoulder.

90.5 Control Site

7 17 Edmonton Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 1km south of Rge. Rd. 270 on

the west shoulder. Site is cleaned by Gordon & Lucille Redel.

89.5 Gordon & Lucille

Redel

8 70 Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#

1immediately southeast of the overpass for College Ave. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Medicine Hat Inmates.

83.5 Medicine Hat

inmates

9 9 Leduc Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy# 2 between Twp. Rd.492 and

Twp. Rd. 494 just south of Leduc. Site is on Hwy.#2 commencing

1.5km south of the weight scale on the west shoulder. CAH sign on

site (Leduc 7th Day Adventist Church).

81.5 Leduc 7th Day

Adventist

Church

10 52 Okotoks Hwy.# 2 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2 just 2.3km

south of exit 222 to Hyw. #552. Site commences at CAH sign

(Concord Masonic Lodge).

68.5 Concord

Masonic Lodge

11 2 Stony Plain Hwy.# 16A Site is on the eastbound lane of Highway 16A between Beach

Corner Road - RR15 and (Allan Beach Road - RR13 to in the south

ditch. Site begins at the Weather Radar Station. Edmonton area

63 Unknown

12 103 Calgary Hwy.# 22X

East

Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. # 22X east of

Hwy. #2 at the intersection 72 St. Calgary area

60.5 Control Site

13 11 Ponoko Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just south of the overpass for

Hwy. #795. Site is on the west shoulder commencing at the CAH

sign (Ponoka Fish & Game Association).

56.5 Ponoka Fish &

Game

Association

14 102 Calgary Hwy.# 22X

West

Site on north shoulder of westbound lane of Hwy. # 22X west of

Hwy. #2A intersection and just .7km west of the intersections of

37th St. and 96th St.; Calgary area

52.5 Control Site

15 48 Canmore Hwy.# 1 Site on north shoulder of westbournd lane of Hwy.1 just past the

Bridge over the Bow River. Site commences at the CAH sign

(United Towing, Canmore, Banff, Lake Louise). Site adjacent to 3

Sisters Mountains development. Canmore area

50.5 United Towing

Services

16 50 Canmore Hwy.# 1 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. #1 east of

Canmore; past Dead Man's Flats and just past exit 89 (George

Bigby Sr. Rd.). Site commences at the CAH sign (Friday

Professional Group Inc.)

50.5 Friday

Professional

Group Inc.

17 37 Airdrie Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2 just

south of exit 285 to Hwy.# 567. Site is adjacent to the Airdrie

Registry. Site is cleaned by the Airdrie Registries.

49.5 Airdrie

Registries

18 29 Didsbury Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2 just

2km south of Twp. Rd. 322 (Amerada Rd.) and just north of Rge.

Rd. 320 and 1.5km north of exit 326 to Hwy.# 582. Site is cleaned

by the Fulkerth Cousins.

47.5 The Fulkerth

Cousins

19 10 Didsbury Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2. Site

is just 1km south of exit 508 for Twp. Rd. 490 (Glen Pk. Main Rd.)

46 Control Site

20 69 Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#

1immediately west of the Medicine Hat City Limits; 8km east of

Broadway Ave. through Redcliff.

46 Control Site



Site

Cleaned By

21 101 Calgary Hwy.# 2A Site on the east shoulder of northbound lane of Hwy. #2A

immediately north of 242 Ave W. Calgary area

46 Control Site

22 18 Lacombe Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 on west shoulder immediately

south of exit 422b for Hyw. # 12. Site is adjacent to Lacombe RV

sales and is cleaned by the Lacombe Lions Club. Lacombe area

45.5 Lacombe Lions

Club

23 26 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

immediately south of exit 384 to Hwy# 592 (W) and to Hwy.# 42 (E).

Site commences CAH sign (RCMP Vetrans Assoc. Red Deer). Red

Deer area

45.5 RCMP Veterans

Association –

Red Deer

24 88 Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just

2km west of Hwy. # 25 intersection. Site commences at the CAH

sign (St. Johns Ambulance Brigade).

45.5 St. Johns

Ambulance

Brigade

25 1 Devon Hwy.# 60 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy 60

immediately north of Township Road 514 (Woodbend Road). CAH

sign on site (In Memory of Adam Booth).

45 In Memory of

Adam Booth

26 15 Lacombe Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of Twp. Rd. 412 and

Milton Gadsby Lake Rd. intersections and prior to (north of) exit 431

to Lacombe Site is on the west shoulder of Hwy. #2 and is cleaned

by the Lacombe Handicraft & Lapidary Guild. Lacombe area

44 Lacombe

Handicraft &

Lapidary Guild

27 55 Bow Island Hwy.# 2 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. just south

of 370 Ave. And just past the Sheep River Bridge approx .5km

before (north) of exit 209 to Hwy. # 7 W. Site commences the sign

for exit 209 (Hwy.# 7 W & Hwy.# 547 E).

44 Control Site

28 21 Red Deer Hwy.# 11 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11

immediately east of Red Deer City Limits. Site commences at CAH

sign (Waskasoo Roamers). Red Deer area

42.5 Waskasoo

Roamers

29 36 Airdrie Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2 just

1.5km south of Hwy.# 72 just past the rest area. Site is cleaned by

the Airdrie Rotary Club. Airdrei area

42 Airdrie Rotary

Club

30 42 Cochrane Hwy.# 1A Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A

approx. 7.4km west of Hwy.# 22. Site is cleaned by the Saints

Rugby Club.

42 Saints Rugby

Club

31 54 ?? Hwy.# 2 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. just 1.1 km

south of 338 Ave. Site commences at CAH sign (The Family

"Haines").

40 The Family

"Haines

32 7 Edmonton Hwy.# 14 Travelling westbound on Hwy.# 14 the site is between Rge. Rd. 231

and Rge. Rd. 233. Site is on the north shoulder of Hyw. #14

commencing approx. 18' west of the CAH sign (South Edmonton

Lions Club) Edmonton area

39 South Edmonton

Lions Club


south of Twp. Rd. 322 (Amerada Rd.).

39 Control Site


2km south of Twp. Rd. 310 (Bergthall Rd.) Site commences at CAH

sign (No Disignation). Site is cleaned by theArthritis Society of

Alberta

36.5 Arthritis Society

of Alberta

35 22 Red Deer Hwy.# 11 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11approx

5km east of Red Deer City Limits and 2km east of Rge. Rd. 265.

Red Deer area

36 Control Site

36 82 Barnwell Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately west of Barnwell and Reg. Rd. #174.

35.5 Control Site

37 20 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy.#2 south

of Twp. Rd. 394 and just 2km south of exit 412 to Hwy.# 597.

35 Control Site

38 79 Purple

Springs

Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 west of

Purple Springs commencing at Reg. Rd. #154 .

32.5 Control Site

39 98 High River Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

approx. 3km south of High River and just 1.5km north of 594 Avenue

East. Site commences at the CAH sign " R. Montgomery & Family

".

32.5 R. Montgomery

& Family

40 6 Sherwood

Park

Hwy.# 16 Proceed westbound on Hwy# 16 from Rge. Rd 222 (Ardrossan

interchange). Site is just before Rge Rd. 224 on the north shoulder

of Hwy. #16. Site commences about 10' before the CAH sign

(Transalta Retirees)

31.5 Transalta

Retirees



Site

Cleaned By

41 53 Okotoks Hwy.# 2 Site on west shoulder of the southbond lane of Hwy.# 2. approx.

5.3km south of exit 222 to Hyw. #552. Site commences at CAH sign

(Corintian Masonic Lodge NO. 22).

31.5 Corintian

Masonic Lodge

NO. 22

42 59 Gleichen Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.1km east of Rge. Rd. 215 and just west of the intersection of

Hwy. # 842. Site is supposedly cleaned by the Gleichen Masonic

Lodge #36

30.5 Gleichen

Masonic Lodge

#36

43 12 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just 500m south of Hwy.# 53

exit. Site cleaned by Red Deer Remand Centre Inmates. Red Deer

area

29.5 Red Deer

Remand Centre

Inmates

44 47 Hwy.# 1 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1 at

exit 93 to Hwy.# 742. Site is in the meridian between Hwy.# 1and

the 93 exit ramp.

29.5 Control Site

45 8 Beaumont Hwy.# 21 Travelling southbound on Hwy# 21 the site is between Twp. Rd. 512

and Twp. Rd. 510 (city line). Site is on the west shoulder of Hwy.# 2

commencing approx. 20' north of the CAH sign (Good News Riding

Centre Ltd.).

29 Good News

Riding Centre

Ltd

46 27 Olds Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2 just

south of exit 340 to Hwy# 27 (to Olds). Site is cleaned by the

Kiwanis Club of Olds. Near Town of Olds

28.5 Kiwanis Club of

Olds

47 60 Bassano/Broo

ks

Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.5km east of the intersection of Hwy. # 56.

28 Control Site

48 96 Claresholm Hwy.# 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1.0km north of Twp. Rd. 132. Site supposedly cleaned by the AT

Children's Project.

27 AT Children's

Project

49 39 Airdrie Hwy.# 772 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 772

immediately north of the intersection of Hwy. #567. Site

commences behind the Goldenrod Hall.

26.5 Control Site

50 44 Calgary Hwy.# 1A Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and is

at the intersection of Hwy.# 1X commencing at the CAH sign. Site

is supposedly cleaned by Bighorn Meadows.

26.5 Bighorn

Meadows

51 49 Canmore Hwy.# 1 Site on north shoulder of westbournd lane of Hwy.1 just 1.0km west

of exit 89 to Canmore. Site cleaned by the Rotary Club of Canmore.

Canmore area

24 Rotary Club of

Canmore

52 13 Lacombe Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just south of exit 446 for

Mateika Rd. on the west shoulder. Site is cleaned by the Black Elk

Hockey Camp.

23.5 Black Elk

Hockey Camp

53 61 Taber Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

3km east of the Rge. Rd. 171 and 13km west of Hwy. # 36.

23.5 Control Site

54 89 Monarch Hwy.# 23 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 23 just

0.5km north of Twp. Rd. 104.

23 Control Site

55 58 Gleichen Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

1.5km east of the intersection of Hwy. 901 at Rge. Rd. 223.

22.5 Control Site

56 64 Brooks Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx

44km east of Hwy. # 876 and 2km west of Rge. Rd. 105.. Site

commences at the CAH sign (No Dedication). Site is supposedly

cleaned by the South AB. Hogosha Institute.

22.5 South AB.

Hogosha

Institute

57 71 Medicine Hat Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

commencing at Twp. Rd. #112. E81The Connection.

22.5 The Connection

58 40 Airdrie Hwy.# 567 Site is on the south shoulder of the westbound lane Hwy.# 567 just

.5km east of the intersection of Hwy.# 766.

22 Unknown

59 41 Cochrane Hwy.# 22 Site is on west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hyw.# 22 just

south of Twp. Rd. 272 and 3 km north of Hwy.# 567.

21.5 Control Site

60 45 Exshaw Hwy.# 1A Note: Site moved from Hwy. #1 to #1A. Site is on north shoulder of

the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and is 5.7km west of the

intersection of Hwy.# 1A and Hwy.#1X. Site commences 1km west

of Greymont Exshaw Plant. Exshaw area

21.5 Control Site

61 56 Gleichen Hwy.# 547 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy.# 547 approx. 5km

east of the intersection of Hwy.#s 799 and 522. Site is supposedly

cleaned by the Arrowood River Wranglers. Near arrowwood

21.5 Arrowwood River

Wranglers

62 81 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just

0.3km west of Reg. Rd. #171. Site commences at CAH sign (Taber

Lion Club). Taber area

21.5 Taber Lion Club

63 67 Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just past

Rge. Rd. 73. Site commences at CAH sign (Medicine Hat Optomist

Club). Medicine hhat area

21 Medicine Hat

Optomist Club



Site

Cleaned By

64 14 Lacombe Hwy.# 2 Site is on wet shoulder of southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of Hwy.

#815 and 0.8km northof exit 446 for Hwy.# 604.

20.5 Control Site

65 83 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at Reg.

Rd. #180. Site commences at CAH sign (Potato Growers of Alberta)

20.5 Potato Growers

of Alberta

66 65 Suffield Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just

1.6km east of Hwy. # 884.

20 Cornerstone

Christian School

67 51 Canmore Hwy.# 1 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy. #1 east of

Canmore and east of Hwy# 68 intersection and .6km just east of

Jumping Pond Rd.

19.5 Control Site

68 68 Medicine Hat Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 just past

the intersection of Hwy.# 524 and immediately before Rge. Rd. 70..

Site commences at CAH sign (LDS First Ward Youth)

19.5 LDS First Ward

Youth

69 43 Exshaw Hwy.# 1A Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A and is

1.4km east of Hwy.# 40. Site is adjacent to the Petro Canada

Wildcat Hills Gas Plant and is cleaned by them. Exshaw area

19 Petro Canada

Wildcat Hills

Plant

70 38 Airdrie Hwy.# 772 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy.# 772

just 1.5km south of the intersection with Hyw.# 567. E621st

Menonite Church Youth Group.

18.5 1st Menonite

Church Youth

Group


5km east site #218 between Spring Hill Canal and the Matzhiwan

Creek Spillway. Site commences at the CAH sign for Medicine

HatCollege - Brooks Campus. Brooks area

18 Medicine Hat

College - Brooks

Campus

72 92 Nobleford Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2

immediately south of Twp. Rd. 104.

18 Control Site

73 94 Claresholm Hwy.# 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1km north of Claresholm at intersection of Hwy. #520.

18 Control Site

74 16 Lacombe Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 3km south of exit #431 for

Hwy. 2A. Site on west shoulder adjacent to the Wolf Creek Inn.

17 Control Site


3km east of Hwy. # 36. Site commences at the CAH sign (No

Dedication).

17 Unknown

76 3 Stony Plain Hwy.# 16 Site is on eastbound lane of Hwy. #16 between Rge. Rd. 12

(Rosenthal Rd.) and Hwy. 779. Site on south shoulder of Hwy. #16

beginning at the CAH sign (Parkland Jays, Good Sam, RV Club,

Spruce Grove).

16 Parkland Jays,

Good Sam, RV

Club, Spruce

Grove

77 95 Claresholm Hwy.# 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2

approx. 2km north of Claresholm and Hwy. # 520

15.5 Control Site

78 72 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just past

the intersection of Hwy. # 877. Site commences at the CAH sign

(Premium Sausage Inc.).

15 Premium

Sausage Inc.

79 91 Granum Hwy.# 519 Site is on the north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 519

just west of Rge. Rd. 251. Site is supposedly cleaned by the Calvin

Christian School.

15 Calvin Christian

School

80 93 Granum Hwy.# 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 north

of Hwy. #519 intersection and 100 meters south of Rge. Rd. 114.

Site commences 120 feet in front (south) of the CAH sign "Young

Parkyn McNabb"

15 Young Parkyn

McNabb LLP

81 19 Red Deer Hwy.# 2 Site is on southbound lane of Hwy. #2 south of Twp. Rd. 400 and

just 3km north of the 412 inerchange to Hyw. #597. Site is on the

west shoulder commening at the CAH sign (Soroptomist

International of Alberta

13.5 Soroptomist

International of

Alberta

82 23 Red Deer Hwy.# 11 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.#11 just east

of Hwy. #808 and the bridge over the Red Deer River. Site

commences at the CAH sign (Nova Chemicals). East of Red Deer

13.5 Nova Chemicals

Inc.

83 73 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just 1km

west of Rge. Rd. #83 (Gechter Corner Rd.) and just before Rge. Rd.

# 84.

13.5 Control Site

84 85 Lethbridge Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just 1km

west of Reg. Rd. 211 across from the Victory Church. Site is

supposedly cleaned by the Lethbridge inmates. Lethbridge area

13.5 Lethbridge

inmates

85 34 Beiseker Hwy.# 72 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 72. Site

starts at intersection with Rge. Rd. 262.

12.5 Control Site

86 4 Morinville Hwy.# 2 From the eastbound lane of Secondary Highway #642 just past

Morinville turn south onto Hwy. #2. Site is on the southbound lane

of Hwy.#2 just south of Township Road 554 and Cardiff Road

intersection on the west shoulder. CAH sign on site (Rebekahs &

Oddfellows).

12 Rebekahs &

Oddfellows



Site

Cleaned By

87 35 Irricana Hwy.# 9 Site is on southbound lane on the west shoulder of Hwy.# 9 at

intersection of Rge. Rd. 263. Site is supposedly cleaned by The Co-

operator Insurance

12 The Co-operator

Insurance

88 99 Stavely Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1.7km south of Hwy. #529 intersection. Site commences at the

CAH sign "In Memory of MAJ. Bruce Fitzsimmons ".

12 In Memory of

MAJ. Bruce

Fitzsimmons

89 66 Suffield Hwy.# 1 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 1 approx.

12km east of Hwy. # 884 and 1km east of Rge. Rd. 83.

11 Control Site

90 97 Calgary Hwy.# 2 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy. #2 north

of 466 Ave. E. Site supposedly cleaned by the BP Volunteers -

Calgary Reitrees.

11 BP Volunteers-

Calgary Retirees

91 46 Canmore Hwy.# 1A Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 1A approx.

4.6km east of Elk Run Blvd. (Canmore). Site commences at the

CAH sign (Bank of Montreal).

10 Canmore Lions

Club

92 78 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3

immediately before (east)of Reg. Rd. #142. Site commences at

CAH sign (Knibbs In Loving Memory of Vivian & Gordon Loxton &

Family)

10 Knibbs Vivian &

Gordon Loxton &

Family

93 80 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at the

intersection of Reg. Rd. #161. Site commences at CAH sign (Prarie

Buffalo Farms)

10 Prarie Buffalo

Farms

94 100 Stavely Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. #2 just

1km south of Stavely and Twp. Rd. 527. Site commences at the

CAH sign "Elks & Royal Purple ".

10 Stevely Elks &

Royal Purple

95 33 Beiseker Hwy.# 72 Site is on south shoulder of the eastbound lane of Hwy.# 72 approx.

15.3 km east of Hwy. #2 and just past Rge. Rd. 275.

9.5 Control Site


immediately west of Reg. Rd. #134. Site commences at CAH sign

(Knibbs In Loving Memory of Reginald & Reima)

9 Knibbs - in

Memory of

Reginald &

Reima97 57 Gleichen Hwy.# 547 Site on south shoulder of eastbound lane of Hwy.# 547 approx.

0.8km east of the intersection of Herronton Rd. before the

intersection of Hwy. # 24. Site is supposedly cleaned by the

Blackfoot Rodeo Club.

8 Blackfoot Rodeo

Club


immediately west of Rge. Rd. #95. Site commences at CAH sign (In

Loving Memory of Ashley Nelson)

7.5 In Loving

Memory of

Ashley Nelson

99 76 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 at Reg.

Rd. #124. Site commences at CAH sign (Knibbs In Loving Memory

of Jack & Isabel)

7 Knibbs - in

Memory of Jack

& Isabel

100 32 Crossfield Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2. Site

is 3.4kms south of exit 305 to Twp. Rd. 292. Site is cleaned by the

Crossfield Lions.

6 Crossfield Lions

101 75 Taber Hwy.# 3 Site is on north shoulder of the westbound lane of Hwy.# 3 just 1km

west of the intersection of Hwy. # 879 Site commences at CAH sign

(Knibbs In Loving Memory of Bert)

6 Memory of Bert

Knibbs

102 90 Nobleford Hwy.# 23 Site is on the east shoulder of the northbound lane of Hwy.# 23 just

0.2km north of the intersection of Hwy. #519. Site is supposedly

cleaned by the Providence Christian School.

6 Providence

Christian School

103 31 Crossfield Hwy.# 2 Site is on the west shoulder of the southbound lane of Hwy. # 2

approx. 7.3km south of exit 315 to Hwy.# 581 and just north of exit

305 to Hwy.# 580. Site commences adjacent to the Viterra Feed

Mill. Site is supposedlycleaned by Lee & Lisa Linderman.

5 Lee & Lisa

Linderman


APPENDIX – 4

Branded Litter Audit (2009)

DRAFT 1

PREPARED FOR

ALBERTA TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC OPERATIONS

EDMONTON, AB T6B 2X3

PREPARED BY MGM Management www.mgm-management.com September 2009

http://www.mgm-management.com/


Branded Litter Survey

1.0 Methodology – Branded Litter Using the Surveyor Site Form (with 84 categories of large litter) as a guide, data observing the names of manufacturers and brand owners of littered materials were recorded. Branded litter is described as any large litter (i.e. over 4 square inches) that has a recognizable brand name affixed. Where doubt occurred in the brand of the item no entry was made. Auditors identified litter by brand name, which was later transcribed onto Site Survey Forms, for data entry and analysis.

2.0 Branded Litter Results 2.1 Beverage Branded Litter Beer cans represent a more significant contribution to large litter along Alberta highways as compared to urban litter audit results. A total of 110 beer cans were observed along Alberta highways during the audit, of which 86 could be identified by their brand. For comparative purposes, in a recent litter audit in a major Alberta city in 2009, only 10 beer cans were observed during the audit. Beer Cans

Beer Cans

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Budweiser 27.5 32.0%

Kokanee 20 23.3%

Molson 9 10.5%

Labatts 8 9.3%

Lucky Lager 6.5 7.6%

Coors 4 4.7%

Pilsner 2.5 2.9%

Bush 2 2.3%

Boxer Lager 1.5 1.7%

Miller 1 1.2%

Old Milwalkee 1 1.2%

Olympia 1 1.2%

Rainier 1 1.2%

Sleaman's 1 1.2%

Total branded items 86 100.0%

Beer Can Brands

Budweiser,

32.0%

Kokanee, 23.3%

Molson, 10.5%

Labatts, 9.3%

Lucky Lager,

7.6%

Boxer Lager,

1.7%

Sleaman's, 1.2%

Olympia, 1.2%

Rainier, 1.2%

Old Milwalkee,

1.2%

Miller, 1.2%

Coors, 4.7%

Bush, 2.3%

Pilsner, 2.9%


Budweiser, Kokanee, Molson and Labatts beer cans made up 74% of the branded litter documented during the audit. Beer Bottles Only 8 branded glass beer bottles were observed during the Alberta highways litter audit. Beer Bottles

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Budweiser 3 37.5%

Kokanee 2 25.0%

Molson 1 12.5%

Miller 1 12.5%

Birra Marritti 1 12.5%

Total branded items 8 100%

Beer Bottles

Miller, 12.5%

Birra Marritti,

12.5%

Molson, 12.5% Kokanee,

25.0%

Budweiser,

37.5%


2.2 Soft Drink Cans - Branded Litter

Fifty-three soft drink cans were observed in the 2009 highway litter audit, of which 41 were identified according to their brand markings. Soft drink containers as a sub-category make up 1.6% of total litter as such are a relatively small contributor to large litter on Alberta highways.

Soft Drink Cans

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Coca-Cola 10 24.4%

Pepsi 9 22.0%

Red Bull 5 12.2%

7 Up 4 9.8%

President's Choice 3 7.3%

C Plus 2 4.9%

Rockstar 2 4.9%

A&W 1 2.4%

Biox 1 2.4%

Energy Drink 1 2.4%

Safeway 1 2.4%

Sprite 1 2.4%

TNT 1 2.4%



Soft Drink Can Brands

C Plus, 4.9%

A&W, 2.4%

Biox, 2.4%

Energy Drink,

2.4%

Safeway, 2.4%Sprite, 2.4%

TNT, 2.4%

Rockstar, 4.9%

President's

Choice, 7.3%

7 Up, 9.8%Red Bull,

12.2%

Pepsi, 22.0%

Coca-Cola,

24.4%


2.3 Bottled Water - Branded Litter

Discussion: Bottled water has continued to be a growth packaged beverage for people on the go. Sales of bottled water have been reported growing at over 10% per year in various trade magazines.

Ten brands of water bottles were observed as litter on Alberta highways in the 2009 litter audit:

Bottled Water (plastic)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Monte Clair 5 22.7%

Aquafina 4 18.2%

Nestle 4 18.2%

Desani 2 9.1%

Ice River Springs 2 9.1%

Glacier 1 4.5%

Kirkland 1 4.5%

Montanas Treasure 1 4.5%

Refresh 1 4.5%

Tim Hortons 1 4.5%


Bottled Water

Kirkland, 4.5%

Montanas

Treasure, 4.5%

Glacier, 4.5%

Ice River

Springs, 9.1%

Refresh, 4.5%Tim Hortons,

4.5%

Desani, 9.1% Nestle, 18.2%

Aquafina,

18.2%

Monte Clair,

22.7%


2.4 Sport Drinks - Branded Litter Discussion: Very few sport drink beverage containers were observed during the audit. Only 6 were documented, of which Gatorade and Power Flow were observed equally.

2.5 All Other Beverage - Branded Litter Wine & liquor large litter was not a significant component of total large litter in the Alberta highways litter audit with only 3% of all beverage containers being wine / liquor containers. In Total wine / liquor bottles are less than 1% of total large litter. Milk and juice containers were also a small contributor to overall large litter observed during the audit, at less than 1% of total large litter. The table below describes the brands observed.

Liquor / Wine Containers (glass & plastic)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Smirnoff 6 67%

Seagrams 1 11%

Blarney 1 11%

Motts 1 11%


Milk / Juice Containers (gable & plastic)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Dairyland 6 60%

Minute Maid 2 20%

Milk 2 Go 1 10%

Saputo 1 10%


3.0 Cups, Lids and Cup Debris Branded Litter This category encompasses all cold and hot drink cup litter, including lids. In city settings, sites near coffee shops, fast-food outlets or other over-the-counter drink outlets usually have the most significant accumulations of cup litter. In the Alberta highways litter audit observers noted a significant amount of cup litter located throughout the audit area. Total cup litter in the audit area was nearly 10% of total litter, whereas the average is 7.6 in 73,507 observations from all previous litter audits. Cup litter, especially hot drink cup litter from coffee shops is an issue adjacent Alberta highways. A presentation of the brand observations for this subcategory appears on the next page.


It is of note that the Tim Horton’s brand of plastic cold cups were the most significant brand of litter noted, mainly ice coffee drinks. McDonalds cold cups were the next most significant brand of plastic cup documented. Thirty-eight plastic cups were observed of which 21 were identified by brand. Similarly, McDonald’s paper cups for cold drinks accounted for 1/3 of the paper cup litter observed in the sub-category. Ninety-eight paper cups were observed of which 72 were identified by brand.

Plastic Cups (cold drinks)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Tim Hortons 8 38.1%

McDonalds 4 19.0%

Petro Canada 3 14.3%

Macs 2 9.5%

7 Eleven 1 4.8%

Booster Juice 1 4.8%

Pepsi 1 4.8%

Starbucks 1 4.8%


Paper Cups (cold drinks)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

McDonalds 24 33%

A&W 10 14%

7 Eleven 6 8%

Coca-Cola 5 7%

Dairy Queen 4 6%

Pepsi 4 6%

Tim Hortons 4 6%

Wendys 4 6%

Subway 3 4%

Macs Milk 2 3%

Taco Bell 2 3%

Arbys 1 1%

Empire Theatre 1 1%

KFC 1 1%

Peter's Drive In 1 1%


Hot paper cups are used throughout the coffee shop industry. The table below describes the observations of branded cup litter from this segment. A total of 134 paper cups used for hot drinks were documented during the audit. Of these 109 were identified by brand, as illustrated below.


Paper Cups (hot drinks)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Tim Hortons 88 81%

7 Eleven 9 8%

McDonalds 3 3%

Bello 2 2%

Seatles Best 2 2%

A&W 1 1%

International Treats 1 1%

Java Stop 1 1%

Maxwell House 1 1%

Mother Parker 1 1%


4.0 Bag Branded Litter 4.1 Paper Bags (Fast food) The McDonalds brand accounted for 50% of the observed paper bag litter from fast food outlets observed during the audit.

Paper bags (fast food)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

McDonalds 11 50%

Tim Horton 4 18%

7 Eleven 3 14%

Taco Bell 2 9%

Dairy Queen 1 5%

Wendy's 1 5%


5.0 Boxes, Cardboard Boxes, Other Containers, Food Wrap Boxes The boxes sub-category of litter, contributed a relatively small amount of large litter to the overall litter picture in Edmonton at .2% of total large litter observed (46 items). McDonald’s food boxes were a significant contributor to the brands observed. The brand observations are presented on page 84.

The Tim Horton’s coffee brand is a dominant trade mark in Alberta for hot beverages, as the data to the left shows. This company’s brand of cup litter dominates in every litter audit conducted, by the consultant, in Canada, for this category.


Paperboard food (fast food)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

7 Eleven 11 24%

McDonalds 8 18%

Baker Boys 7 16%

Wendy's 7 16%

Hot Stuff Food 4 9%

A&W 2 4%

Dairy Queen 1 2%

Hot Stuff Food 1 2%

Java Stop 1 2%

Pango Pizza 1 2%

Oscar Mayer 1 2%

Tim Hortons 1 2%


6.0 Fast Food Litter Brands Identified 6.1 Food Wraps - Brands Branded food wraps include paper food wraps, plastic food wrap and composite wrapper materials used to package food service items (sandwiches etc.).

Paper food wraps (fast food)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

McDonalds 15 54%

Tim Hortons 9 32%

Arby's 1 4%

Dairy Queen 1 4%

KFC 1 4%

Subway 1 4%


Paper food wrap litter was a relatively small proportion of large litter observed, at 1.45%. The McDonalds restaurant brand and the Tim Horton’s brand of food wrapper litter accounted for 86% of food wrapped brands observed along highways where sites were audited. See chart below for details.


Paper/ Foil Composite wraps (fast food)

Items

% of Sub-

Category

A&W 5 45%

McDonalds 3 27%

Dairy Queen 2 18%

Taco Bell 1 9%


6.2 Take-Out Extra Branded Litter

Take-out extras constitute 1.3 % of large litter observed along Alberta highways where audited, with 46 items recorded. Fifty-nine per cent of the take out litter observed were condiment packages. Heinz and A & W condiment packages made up 2/3 (66%) of the littered items observed in this sub-category.

Condiment packaging

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Heinz 8 44%

A&W 4 22%

McDonalds 2 11%

Wings 2 11%

House Recipe 1 6%

Mac's Milk 1 6%



7.0 Confectionary Branded Litter Confectionary products comprised about 4 % of total large litter observed during the audit which is a significant amount of litter. This amount of confectionary litter is half of what is normally found in an urban setting where this category usually accounts for 9% of large litter. Below we illustrate the brands of products observed in this sub-category.

7.1 Brands of Candy Wrap Litter In the Alberta highways litter audit 69 candy wraps of which 51 could be identified by brand. It was noted that the contribution to total large litter from candy wrappers was 3.9% as compared to the average for this cub-category of nearly 9% in urban settings. This is because other kinds of litter are more prominent on highways, such as paper, plastic, vehicle debris and home articles, which are not as significant in cities. The brand identity of these confectionary wraps are illustrated on page 87.


Candy Wrappers & Packaging

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Nestle 9 18%

Hersheys 7 14%

Cadbury 5 10%

Nature Valley 5 10%

Kellogg's 4 8%

Mars 4 8%

Brach's Fruitos 2 4%

Hersheys 2 4%

Kerrs 2 4%

Linde 1 2%

Damla 1 2%

Honey Time 1 2%

Maynards 1 2%

Mentos 1 2%

Nutri Grain 1 2%

Vicks 1 2%

Quaker 1 2%

Ricola 1 2%

Toberlone 1 2%

Proctor & Gamble 1 2%



7.2 Brands of Gum Wrap Litter Gum packaging litter along with confectionary wrappers are a modest contributor to overall large litter on Alberta highways, combined they total just over 3% of large litter. Gum packaging litter along highways is less of an issue than it is in urban settings where gum deposits on sidewalks and streets create a mess that municipalities have to clean up. That is not an issue on the shoulders of highways.

Four brands make up 83% of branded gum litter observed (Trident, Excel, Stride and Dentyne). The table and chart below illustrates these data.

Gum Wrappers & Packaging

Items

% of Sub-

Category

Excel 12 34%

Trident 9 26%

Stride 5 14%

Dentyne 3 9%

Bazooka 1 3%

Clorets 1 3%

Double Bubble 1 3%

Nicorette 1 3%

Splash 1 3%

Wrigleys 1 3%


Gum packaging

Bazooka, 3%

Double Bubble,

3%Clorets, 3%

Nicorette, 3% Splash, 3%Wrigleys, 3%

Dentyne, 9%

Stride, 14%Trident, 26%

Excel, 34%


8.0 Branded Printed & Fibre Materials In the sub-category of branded litter, printed material represents about 9.5% of the total litter observed and as such is a significant sub-category of large litter. It is of note that this sub-category contributed half as much total large litter in the overall highways audit, as compared to city audits where this category provides 19% (73,507 observations, 2002 – 2009). Clearly in urban setting the likelihood of newspapers, receipts, flyers and other printed fibre being littered is greater than along highways.

In this category, the consultant found that discarded newspapers and non-branded napkins were the most significant contributor to Printed and Fibre making up 90% of this sub-category. while contributing 12% of total litter. The printed materials that could be identified by brands are illustrated below.

8.1 Printed Materials

Printed Materials

Items

% of Sub-

Category Items

% of Sub-

Category

BMO 5 12% McSweeny 1 2%

Husky 4 10% Micro Ban 1 2%

Dairy Queen 3 7% Molson 1 2%

McDonalds 3 7% Nissan 1 2%

After Market Rewards 1 2% Nobility 1 2%

Belanger 1 2% Papa Murphys Pizza 1 2%

Best Western 1 2% RBC 1 2%

Canadian Tire 1 2% Ricki's 1 2%

CIBC 1 2% Sharp Line 1 2%

Dietrich Framing 1 2% Stanley 1 2%

Disney 1 2% Sylvania 1 2%

Encorp Pacific 1 2% Team Works 1 2%

Epcor 1 2% Telus 1 2%

Flame Tree Publishing 1 2% Toro 1 2%

Joiner Group 1 2%

KFC 1 2% Total branded items 42 100%

Macs Milk 1 2%


9.0 Tobacco Litter The amount of large tobacco litter observed on Alberta highways contributed 9.2 % of total litter. This a significantly higher level of tobacco litter (about 70% higher) compared to the average found in aggregated litter observations in audits performed between 2002 – 2009 in other jurisdictions (9.2 % of total litter in Alberta highways vs. 5.3% observed in 70,094 observations). Tobacco product litter was noticeably evident along Alberta highways as compared to other audits conducted by the consultant in urban locations. Below we present data of brand observations of tobacco products observed during the Alberta highways litter audit. Tobacco packaging

Items

% of Sub-

Category Parent Company

Canadian Classic 29 25% Rothmans, Benson & Hedges

Players 27 23% Imperial Tobacco

Export A 18 15% JTI-Macdonald

Du Maurier 15 13% Imperial Tobacco

Marlboro 7 6% Philip Morris

Accord 3 3% Philip Morris

Matinee 3 3% Imperial Tobacco

Peter Jackson 3 3% Imperial Tobacco

Captain Black 2 2% Unknown

Colts Cigars 2 2% Unknown

Copenhagen 2 2% Unknown

Ansui 1 1% Unknown

Blackstone 1 1% Unknown

Bulls Eye Cigarello 1 1% Unknown

Number 7 1 1% Rothmans, Benson & Hedges

Prime Time Cigarello 1 1% Unknown

Viscount 1 1% Rothmans, Benson & Hedges

Total branded items 117 100% Four companies account for

91% of tobacco litter. Four brands of tobacco products contributed 91% of tobacco branded litter observed during the survey: Imperial Tobacco (Du Maurier, Players, and Peter Jacksons), Canadian Classics, and JTI-Macdonald (Export A, Camel) and Rothmans, Benson & Hedges (Canadian Classics, Viscount, Number 7) and Philip Morris (Marlboro, Accord) brands were the predominant tobacco brand marks observed.

alberta transportation litter audit 2009 · 2017. 5. 16. · alberta transportation - litter audit...

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