School of Agriculture of North-EasternIng. Oscar GarcíaEnglish

Vocabulary

Vargas Salguero Alex DionelGrupo 4

10 of march of 2015

QuantifiersSome/Any

The quantifiers indicate a name. They are responses to the question "How many?". Like the articles, quantifiers define a name and are always located in front of the name. Some can be used only with countable nouns, others only with countless names and others with both.

•There are too many changes for me. (Hay demasiados cambios para mí.)

There are so many things I want to do! (¡Hay tantas cosas que deseo hacer!)

We have so much work to do! (¡Tenemos tanto trabajo que hacer!)

•There is too much work. (Hay demasiado trabajo.)

He does not have any money. (No tiene dinero.)

Are there any changes? (¿Hay algunos cambios?)

Is there any milk? (¿Hay leche?)

•I do not have any cats. (No tengo ningún gato.)

Preposition place

The Prepositions of place are placed behind the main verb, usually the verb "to be" (be, be) in any of the past, present or future times and its both simple and compound forms.

We have seen the different uses of the three most common prepositions ("in", "at", "on") in the previous lesson. Below other prepositions of place.

•The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado está junto al banco.) •PlaySit next to (beside) me. (Siéntate a mi lado.) •I sit by the window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.)

•PlayOur house is by the river. (Nuestra casa está cerca del río.)

•The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda está entre el banco y la estación de tren.) •PlayShe is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.)

•The church is behind the school. (La iglesia está detrás de la escuela.) •PlayHe is standing behind you. (Está de pie detrás de ti.)

•The ball is under the chair. (La pelota está debajo de la silla.) •PlayThe dog is under the tree. (El perro está debajo del árbol.)

Time preposition

The Prepositions of time are used to indicate when something happened. As we saw in the previous lesson, the three most common prepositions ("in", "at", "on"), can be used as prepositions prepositions of place or time. Then other common prepositions of time are presented.

•Call me before one. (Llámame antes de la una.)

They arrived before me. (Llegaron antes que yo.)

We will see you after the movie. (Te veremos después de la película.)

I arrived after them. (Llegué después de ellos.)

•Don’t talk during the movie. (No hables durante la película.)

I don’t like to watch television during the day. (No me gusta ver la televisión durante el día.)

•I lived in England for three years. (Viví en Inglaterra durante tres años.)

He studied for the exam for one week. (Estudió para el examen durante una semana.)

Present Perfect Simple

The perfect present is roughly equivalent to the Spanish preterite. We will see the differences in the section on uses. Overall it is a mixture between the present and the past. We used it for past actions that are important in this.

•I've talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.) •PlayShe's gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.) •PlayWe've been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.) •PlayThey've learned English. (Han aprendido inglés.)

Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences

•I haven't talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.) •PlayShe hasn't gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.) •PlayWe haven't been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.) •PlayThey haven't learned English. (No han aprendido inglés.)

•Have you talked to Peter? (¿Has hablado con Peter?) •PlayHas she gone to work? (¿Ha ido a su trabajo?) •PlayHave you been to London? (¿Has ido a Londres?) •PlayHave they learned English? (¿Han aprendido inglés?)

Interrogative Sentences

Reported speechWhen we communicate or report what someone else has said, there are two ways: using the direct speech or speech.

Direct Speech

When we report exactly what someone else has said, we use the direct style. With this style what the person has said is placed between quotation marks ("...") and shall be verbatim.

•"I am going to London next week," she said. ("Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo.) •Play"Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked. ("¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?," él preguntó.) •PlayAlice said, "I love to dance." (Alice dijo, "Me encanta bailar.") •PlayChris asked, "Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night?" (Chris preguntó, "¿Te gustaría cenar conmigo mañana por la noche?")

Reported Speech

Indirect speech, unlike the direct style, do not use the quotes and need not be verbatim. In general, when indirect speech is used, the tense changes. Here you have an explanation of the changes they undergo tenses.

Sometimes "that" is used in the affirmative and negative to introduce what the other person has said phrases. On the other hand, interrogative sentences can be used "if" or "whether"

She said Dan was living in San Francisco

She said he was American.

They asked me why I was working so hard

PlayMary said that she was

happy to see me.Play

He asked me if I was busy that night.

Past tense of “there is/there are

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and was.

In some languages, the grammatical expression of past tense is combined with the expression of other categories such as mood and aspect (see tense–aspect–mood). Thus a language may have several types of past tense form, their use depending on what aspectual or other additional information is to be encoded. French, for example, has a compound past (passé composé) for expressing completed events, an imperfect for expressing events which were ongoing or repeated in the past, as well as several other past forms.

Some languages that grammaticalise for past tense do so by inflecting the verb, while others do so periphrastically using auxiliary verbs, also known as "verbal operators" (and some do both, as in the example of French given above). Not all languages grammaticalise verbs for past tense – Mandarin Chinese, for example, mainly uses lexical means (words like "yesterday" or "last week") to indicate that something took place in the past, although use can also be made of the tense/aspect markers le and guo.

The "past time" to which the past tense refers generally means the past relative to the moment of speaking, although in contexts where relative tense is employed (as in some instances of indirect speech) it may mean the past relative to some other time being under discussion.[1] A language's past tense may also have other uses besides referring to past time; for example, in English and certain other languages, the past tense is sometimes used in referring to hypothetical situations, such as in condition clauses like If you loved me ..., where the past tense loved is used even though there may be no connection with past time.

Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.

She kissed me on the cheek.

It rained yesterday.

Angela watched TV all night.

John wanted to go to the museum.

Examples of negative sentences in the Past TenseI didn't want to go to the dentist.

She didn't have time.

You didn't close the door.

He didn't come to my party.

They didn't study so they didn't pass the test.

We didn't sleep well last night.

Introductioin to the passive voice

So far we have talked about the active voice where we focus the action of the verb in the subject. But when we give more importance to action and not to those who have made, use the passive voice.

He ate all of the cookies. (Comió todas las galletas.)

All of the cookies were eaten. (Todas las galletas fueron comidas.)

•The speech is written for the president. (El discurso está escrito para el presidente.) •PlayThe house was built in 1975. (La casa fue construida en 1975.) •PlayMy wallet has been stolen. (Ha sido robada mi cartera.) •PlayThe room will be cleaned while we are out. (Se limpiará la habitación mientras estemos fuera.)

Adverbs of frequencyAdverbs of frequency, as the name suggests, adverbs are used to indicate the frequency with which perform certain actions.

Frequency adverbs in English are:

ALWAYS- siempreUSUALLY – normalmente (también se puede traducir por "soler")OFTEN - a menudoSOMETIMES – a vecesRARELY- rara vezHARDLY EVER - casi nuncaNEVER – nunca

CARACTERÍSTICAS1. Siempre acompañan al verbo y su posición en la frase es el siguiente:

- Los adverbios de frecuencia se ponen siempre antes del verbo.My husband often cooks dinner (mi marido hace la cena a menudo)She never speaks in class (ella nunca habla en clase)I don't usually go to the beach (normalmente no voy a la playa / no suelo ir a la playa)Do you normally go out on Saturdays? (¿Sales normalmente los sábados?)

¡Excepción! Con el verbo to be se ponen detrás.  She is always late (ella siempre llega tarde)The weather in summer is usually very good (el tiempo en verano es normalmente muy bueno, el tiempo en verano suele ser muy bueno)When I was a child, I was often late for school (cuando era niña, llegaba a menudo tarde al colegio)      2. Los adverbios de frecuencia se usan con el presente simple ya que indican con que frecuencia se hace algo.I usually get up at 7 o’clock (normalmente me levanto a las 7)

3. Excepcionalmente, usamos always con el presente continuo para quejarnos de algo.You are always talking nonsense (siempre estás diciendo tonterías)She is always interrupting me (ella siempre me interrumpe)

4. Se puede usar never con el presente perfecto. Se pone entre el verbo auxiliar have y el participio pasado (-ed para verbos regulares o tercera columna para verbos irregulares).

I have never visited Madrid (nunca he visitado Madrid)

Prepositions “For/Since

Prepositions are a party of English hardest learn to speakers of Spanish language because the direct translation is often impossible. Prepositions can be translated differently depending on the situation or context of use. It is therefore advisable to store the different variations and uses depending on whether we talk about prepositions of place, movement or time. We shall see that many of the prepositions are repeated in different sections.

Note: The prepositions are always followed by a noun, not a verb (except in the form of gerund).

•I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.)

•PlayThe cat is in the box. (El gato está dentro la caja.) •PlayI found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu dirección en la guía telefónica.) •PlayMy parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el lunes.)

•PlayWe went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Méjico en mayo.) •PlayI always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las mañanas.) •PlayI will see him in a week. (Le veré en una semana.) •PlayShe was born in 1976. (Nació en 1976.)

Past simple of “can”

There are many ways to talk about the past in English, but the simple past is the most common form. The simple past in English is equivalent to indefinite imperfect and past tense of Spanish. We use the past simple to complete actions in the past. The time period of these actions is not important as in Spanish. In the past simple regular verbs and no irregular verbs.

Affirmative Sentences•She was a doctor. (Ella era doctora.) •PlayThe keys were in the drawer. (Las llaves estaban en el cajón.) •PlayI wanted to dance. (Quería bailar.) •PlayHe learned English. (Aprendió inglés.) •PlayThey believed him. (Le creímos.)

Negative Sentences•She wasn't a doctor. (Ella no era doctora.) •PlayThe keys weren't in the drawer. (Las llaves no estaban en el cajón.)

Interrogative Sentences

•Was she a doctor? (¿Ella era doctora?) •PlayWere the keys in the drawer? (¿Estaban las llaves en el cajón?)

Bibliography

Curso-ingles.com