ALEXANDER ALEXANDER MACKENZIE MACKENZIE

CANADA’S SECOND PRIME CANADA’S SECOND PRIME MINISTERMINISTER

ALEXANDER MACKENZIEALEXANDER MACKENZIE• CANADA’S SECOND PM

•FIRST “LIBERAL” PM

•REALLY COALITION OF PARTIES THAT AGAINST JOHN A MACDONALD

•UNITED AGAINST JOHN A BECAUSE OF PACIFIC SCANDAL

BORN IN SCOTLAND IN 1822 (3BORN IN SCOTLAND IN 1822 (3RDRD OF TEN KIDS) OF TEN KIDS)

AGE 13 FATHER DIED, ALEXANDER APPRENTICES TO AGE 13 FATHER DIED, ALEXANDER APPRENTICES TO MASONMASON

AGE 16 JOURNEYMAN’S PAPERSAGE 16 JOURNEYMAN’S PAPERS

1842 EMIGRATED TO CANADA TO FOLLOW 1842 EMIGRATED TO CANADA TO FOLLOW SWEETHEART HELEN NEILSWEETHEART HELEN NEIL

VISITED EVERY NIGHTVISITED EVERY NIGHT

MARRIED HELEN NEIL IN 1826 HAD THREE CHILDREN MARRIED HELEN NEIL IN 1826 HAD THREE CHILDREN BUT ONLY ONE LIVED. HELEN NEIL DIES IN 1852 BUT ONLY ONE LIVED. HELEN NEIL DIES IN 1852 (REMARRIES IN 1853)(REMARRIES IN 1853)

WORKED HARD AS A MASON TO MAKE MONEY TO WORKED HARD AS A MASON TO MAKE MONEY TO MARRY HERMARRY HER

EARNED REPUTATION AS VERY HONEST, AND EARNED REPUTATION AS VERY HONEST, AND HARDWORKING MANHARDWORKING MAN

BELIEVED IN A MAN’S MAKING HIS OWN WAY BELIEVED IN A MAN’S MAKING HIS OWN WAY THROUGH HARD WORKTHROUGH HARD WORK

HATED ARISTOCRACY, TITLES, MAN EARNED HIS HATED ARISTOCRACY, TITLES, MAN EARNED HIS OWN REWARD (EXPLAINS LATER MOVE AWAY OWN REWARD (EXPLAINS LATER MOVE AWAY FROM BRITISH COLONY TO CANADIAN AUTONOMY)FROM BRITISH COLONY TO CANADIAN AUTONOMY)

ALWAYS EMBARRASSED BY LACK OF SCHOOLING ALWAYS EMBARRASSED BY LACK OF SCHOOLING SO SELF TAUGHT. READ LAW, POLITICS ETCSO SELF TAUGHT. READ LAW, POLITICS ETC

BELIEVED THAT IF YOU WANTED SOMETHING YOU BELIEVED THAT IF YOU WANTED SOMETHING YOU COULD EARN IT THROUGH HARD WORKCOULD EARN IT THROUGH HARD WORK

ENTERED POLITICS IN PART BECAUSE OF THISENTERED POLITICS IN PART BECAUSE OF THIS

MACKENZIE TOOK GREAT PRIDE IN HIS MACKENZIE TOOK GREAT PRIDE IN HIS WORKS (THIS HARDWORKING SELF MADE WORKS (THIS HARDWORKING SELF MADE MAN ATTITUDE EXPLAINS WHY REFUSED MAN ATTITUDE EXPLAINS WHY REFUSED KNIGHTHOOD THREE TIMES)KNIGHTHOOD THREE TIMES)

WELLAND CANAL, TOWERS OF FORT WELLAND CANAL, TOWERS OF FORT HENRY (WALLS FIVE FEET TEN INCHES HENRY (WALLS FIVE FEET TEN INCHES THICK)THICK)

THIS PRIDE IN EARNING YOUR WAY WAS THIS PRIDE IN EARNING YOUR WAY WAS WHY HE CALLED ELECTION IN 1874, WHY HE CALLED ELECTION IN 1874, WANTED HIS OWN MANDATEWANTED HIS OWN MANDATE

TWO OF MACKENZIE’S LASTING CONSTRUCTION WORKS.

THE WELLAND CANAL AND THE TOWER AT FORT HENRY IN KINGSTON ONTARIO

ELECTION OF 1874ELECTION OF 1874 MACKENZIE CAMPAIGNED ON THREE BASIC MACKENZIE CAMPAIGNED ON THREE BASIC

PROMISES ALL VERY MUCH IN KEEPING WITH HIM PROMISES ALL VERY MUCH IN KEEPING WITH HIM AS A PERSONAS A PERSON

ONE: ELECTION REFORM: SECRET BALLOT, SAME ONE: ELECTION REFORM: SECRET BALLOT, SAME DAY VOTING, ENFRANCHISING MORE THAN DAY VOTING, ENFRANCHISING MORE THAN PROPERTY HOLDERS, AN AUDITOR GENERAL ETCPROPERTY HOLDERS, AN AUDITOR GENERAL ETC

TWO: CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM: LESS TWO: CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM: LESS DEPENDENCE ON BR AND THE BEGINNING OF DEPENDENCE ON BR AND THE BEGINNING OF CANADIAN IDENTITY. CANADIAN IDENTITY.

THREE: FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY: GLOBAL THREE: FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY: GLOBAL RECESSION AND SO LIBS UNDER MACKENZIE RECESSION AND SO LIBS UNDER MACKENZIE PROMISED TO CUT FUNDING TO SAVE MONEY.PROMISED TO CUT FUNDING TO SAVE MONEY.

ALSO USED PACIFIC SCANDAL TO ALSO USED PACIFIC SCANDAL TO DISCREDIT MACDONALDDISCREDIT MACDONALD

ELECTION RESULTSELECTION RESULTS

PEIPEI 6-0, 6-0, NSNS 17-4, 17-4, NBNB 11-5, 11-5, QUEQUE 33-32 (BIG 33-32 (BIG BUSINESS MACKENZIE LIKES BUSINESS MACKENZIE LIKES TEMPERANCE) , TEMPERANCE) , ONTONT 64-24, 64-24, MANMAN 2-2, 2-2, BC BC 0-6 0-6 (133-73)(133-73)

JOHN A THINKS OF RESIGNING, BUT JOHN A THINKS OF RESIGNING, BUT CONVINCED TO SIT IN OPPOSITIONCONVINCED TO SIT IN OPPOSITION

MACKENZIE’S REIGNMACKENZIE’S REIGN TRIES RECIPROCITY (H OF R YES!) (SENATE NO) TRIES RECIPROCITY (H OF R YES!) (SENATE NO)

STILL MANIFEST DESTINY AND ECONOMIC STILL MANIFEST DESTINY AND ECONOMIC WARFAREWARFARE

WITHOUT RECIPROCITY GLOBAL RECESSION HITS WITHOUT RECIPROCITY GLOBAL RECESSION HITS CANADA HARDCANADA HARD

FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY MAKES HIM CUT FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY MAKES HIM CUT SPENDING, FIRST CUT PACIFIC RAILWAYSPENDING, FIRST CUT PACIFIC RAILWAY

PROMISE TO START IN 2 YEARS BROKENPROMISE TO START IN 2 YEARS BROKEN

AMOR DE COSMOS THREATENS ANNEXATION BY AMOR DE COSMOS THREATENS ANNEXATION BY USAUSA

LORD DUFFERIN GOES TO BC TO QUIET THEM LORD DUFFERIN GOES TO BC TO QUIET THEM DOWNDOWN

MACKENZIE SAW THIS AS INTRUSION AND VOWED MACKENZIE SAW THIS AS INTRUSION AND VOWED TO LIMIT GG ROLE IN CANADA (REMEMBER NOT TO LIMIT GG ROLE IN CANADA (REMEMBER NOT PRO TITLE, BRITISH MONARCHY ANYWAY)PRO TITLE, BRITISH MONARCHY ANYWAY)

NEW RAILWAY PLAN WAS TO BUILD SMALLER NEW RAILWAY PLAN WAS TO BUILD SMALLER LINKS IN BETWEEN WATERWAYSLINKS IN BETWEEN WATERWAYS

THOUGHT WOULD BE CHEAPER, BUT REALLY THOUGHT WOULD BE CHEAPER, BUT REALLY WOULD NOT HAVE BEENWOULD NOT HAVE BEEN

IN SHORT BREAKS BC ACTIN SHORT BREAKS BC ACT

NOW BREAKS MANITOBA ACTNOW BREAKS MANITOBA ACT

MÉTIS MUST PROVE TITLE TO LAND, AND MÉTIS MUST PROVE TITLE TO LAND, AND PERMANENTLY SETTLEPERMANENTLY SETTLE

LAND GRANT FOR FUTURE “HALF BREEDS” LAND GRANT FOR FUTURE “HALF BREEDS” TAKEN AWAYTAKEN AWAY

MACKENZIE KNEW MÉTIS WOULD SIMPLY MACKENZIE KNEW MÉTIS WOULD SIMPLY MOVE RATHER THAN LIVE THIS WAY, AND MOVE RATHER THAN LIVE THIS WAY, AND WAS RIGHT THEY MOVE TO SASKWAS RIGHT THEY MOVE TO SASK

MACKENZIE OPENS UP RED RIVER FOR MACKENZIE OPENS UP RED RIVER FOR REAL SETTLEMENTREAL SETTLEMENT

NOW WORKS ON REST OF WESTNOW WORKS ON REST OF WEST

1876 INDIAN ACT (WARDS OF THE STATE) 1876 INDIAN ACT (WARDS OF THE STATE)

REMEMBER INDIANS GOT NAME FROM COLUMBUS REMEMBER INDIANS GOT NAME FROM COLUMBUS THOUGHT WAS IN HINDUSTAN (IN DIOS OR WITH THOUGHT WAS IN HINDUSTAN (IN DIOS OR WITH GOD FOR RELIGIOUS HINDUS) NAME JUST STUCKGOD FOR RELIGIOUS HINDUS) NAME JUST STUCK

RESERVATION SYSTEM ESTABLISHED, FORCED RESERVATION SYSTEM ESTABLISHED, FORCED NATIVES ON TO SMALL PARCELS OF LAND, NATIVES ON TO SMALL PARCELS OF LAND, RELIANT ON GOV’T HANDOUTSRELIANT ON GOV’T HANDOUTS

SUPPORTS NORTH AMERICAN POLICY OF SUPPORTS NORTH AMERICAN POLICY OF BUFFALO DECIMATION TO FORCE NOMADIC BUFFALO DECIMATION TO FORCE NOMADIC TRIBES TO RESERVATIONSTRIBES TO RESERVATIONS

DOES NOT FULLY COMBAT SMALLPOX EPIDEMICS DOES NOT FULLY COMBAT SMALLPOX EPIDEMICS IN NATIVE COMMUNITIESIN NATIVE COMMUNITIES

BY 1877 MACKENZIE HAS OPENED THE WESTBY 1877 MACKENZIE HAS OPENED THE WEST

MACKENZIE ANYTHING GOOD?MACKENZIE ANYTHING GOOD? WELL HE WAS THE ROMANTIC DUDE/STALKERWELL HE WAS THE ROMANTIC DUDE/STALKER

STARTED THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE TO STARTED THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE TO PATROL THE WEST AND KEEP OUT THE PATROL THE WEST AND KEEP OUT THE BOOTLEGGERS FROM THE USBOOTLEGGERS FROM THE US

HE STARTED CANADA’S OWN SUPREME COURT IN HE STARTED CANADA’S OWN SUPREME COURT IN 18751875

HE STARTS THE RMC SO CANADA CAN HAVE ITS HE STARTS THE RMC SO CANADA CAN HAVE ITS OWN MILITARY OFFICERSOWN MILITARY OFFICERS

HE PASSES ELECTIONS ACT WHICH GUARANTEES HE PASSES ELECTIONS ACT WHICH GUARANTEES FREER ELECTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY.FREER ELECTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY.

BRINGS IN AN AUDITOR GENERAL FOR FINANCES BRINGS IN AN AUDITOR GENERAL FOR FINANCES IN 1878IN 1878

CANADA’S ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE WAS ESTABLISHEDTO TRAIN A CANADIAN OFFICERCORPS AND HELP MOVE CANADAAWAY FROM BRITAIN

FORT MACLEOD ONE OF THE FIRSTNWMP STATION IN THE WEST.

THE NWMP BILL WAS INTRODUCEDBY MACDONALD, BUT THE FORCEITSELF IS REALLY A MACKENZIE IDEA

CANADA’S SUPREME COURT, ALTHOUGH THIS WAS NOT THE FIRST BUILDING, THE IDEA OF THE SUPREME COURT ALSO GOESBACK TO MACDONALD AND MACKENZIE

WHILE ELECTIONS CANADAIS A MODERN INVENTION, ELECTORAL REFORM WASALSO THANKS TO MACKENZIE

HE PASSES LEGISLATION OF DISCLOSURE HE PASSES LEGISLATION OF DISCLOSURE FOR ELECTION FUNDS TO AVOID FOR ELECTION FUNDS TO AVOID PATRONAGE. PATRONAGE.

YET COULD NOT SOLVE RECESSION AND YET COULD NOT SOLVE RECESSION AND THIS KILLS HIS POLITICAL CAREERTHIS KILLS HIS POLITICAL CAREER

MACDONALD SEES OPPORTUNITY TO GET MACDONALD SEES OPPORTUNITY TO GET BACKBACK

IF US WON’T GIVE CANADA RECIPROCITY, IF US WON’T GIVE CANADA RECIPROCITY, THEN RAISE TARIFFS TO SUPPORT CDN THEN RAISE TARIFFS TO SUPPORT CDN ECONOMYECONOMY

1878 ELECTION1878 ELECTION

AS 1878 APPROACHES MANY ISSUES AS 1878 APPROACHES MANY ISSUES HURTING MACKENZIEHURTING MACKENZIE

MANY FELT CANADA MOVING AWAY FROM MANY FELT CANADA MOVING AWAY FROM BR TOO QUICKLYBR TOO QUICKLY

MANY BLAMED LIBS FOR FAILING MANY BLAMED LIBS FOR FAILING ECONOMYECONOMY

BC ANGRY AT NO RAILWAY AND INDUSTRY BC ANGRY AT NO RAILWAY AND INDUSTRY WANTED THE JOBS THAT WOULD COME WANTED THE JOBS THAT WOULD COME WITH CONSTRUCTIONWITH CONSTRUCTION

MACDONALD DEVELOPS NATIONAL POLICY (LOOK MACDONALD DEVELOPS NATIONAL POLICY (LOOK AT THE NAME OF THIS)AT THE NAME OF THIS)

HIGH TARIFFS ON USA GOODS WOULD HELP THE HIGH TARIFFS ON USA GOODS WOULD HELP THE INDUSTRY OF QUE AND ONTINDUSTRY OF QUE AND ONT

WOULD HURT MARITIME FARMERS, BUT WHO WOULD HURT MARITIME FARMERS, BUT WHO CARES…VOTES ARE IN CENTRAL CANADACARES…VOTES ARE IN CENTRAL CANADA

INDUSTRIALISTS PUSH THEIR WORKERS TO VOTE INDUSTRIALISTS PUSH THEIR WORKERS TO VOTE CONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVE

PRO IMPERIALISTS ALSO VOTE CONSERVATIVEPRO IMPERIALISTS ALSO VOTE CONSERVATIVE

ELECTION RESULT 137-69 AND MACDONALD IS ELECTION RESULT 137-69 AND MACDONALD IS BACKBACK

MACKENZIE DEJECTED, STAYS MACKENZIE DEJECTED, STAYS LEADER OF THE LIBERALSLEADER OF THE LIBERALS

1880 RESIGNS AS LEADER EDWARD 1880 RESIGNS AS LEADER EDWARD BLAKE TAKES OVERBLAKE TAKES OVER

REMAINED MP UNTIL DEATH IN 1892REMAINED MP UNTIL DEATH IN 1892

THE GRAVE OF ALEXANDER MACKENZIEIN SARNIA ONTARIO. ALSO THE MAN WHO REPLACED HIM AS LIBERAL LEADER

FOR ONE HUNDRED PLUS YEARS HE WAS THE ONLY LEADER OF THE LIBSNEVER TO BECOME PRIME MINISTER. NOW THIS LOVABLE LIBERAL LOSER HAS COMPANY WITH STEPHAN DION.