AlexanderAlexanderSyria, Phoenicia and Syria, Phoenicia and

EgyptEgypt

A map of Phoenicia and A map of Phoenicia and EgyptEgypt

DRAW THIS MAP INTO YOUR BOOKDRAW THIS MAP INTO YOUR BOOK

QUESTIONQUESTION

WHY DID ALEXANDER CONTINUE ON WHY DID ALEXANDER CONTINUE ON HIS PREPLANNED COURSE, HIS PREPLANNED COURSE, CONQUER SYRIA AND EGYPT CONQUER SYRIA AND EGYPT INSTEAD OF ADVANCING INTO INSTEAD OF ADVANCING INTO PERSIAPERSIA

STUDY GUIDE pg 43-44:STUDY GUIDE pg 43-44:Alex’s speech at Tyre:Alex’s speech at Tyre:

When Alexander received the news When Alexander received the news from Tyre (that the Tyrians refused from Tyre (that the Tyrians refused to let him sacrifice to Hercules to let him sacrifice to Hercules [Melcarth]), he angrily sent the [Melcarth]), he angrily sent the envoys back and, calling together his envoys back and, calling together his Companions and the generals, the Companions and the generals, the battalion and squadron commanders, battalion and squadron commanders, he made the following speech:he made the following speech:

““Friends and allies, while the Persians control the sea, I do not Friends and allies, while the Persians control the sea, I do not see how we can safely advance against Egypt. Nor is it safe see how we can safely advance against Egypt. Nor is it safe to pursue Darius leaving in our rear the neutral city of Tyre to pursue Darius leaving in our rear the neutral city of Tyre and Egypt and Cyprus under Persian rule. It would be and Egypt and Cyprus under Persian rule. It would be particularly dangerous in view of the situation in Greece; for if particularly dangerous in view of the situation in Greece; for if our forces advanced against Babylon and Darius, the Persians our forces advanced against Babylon and Darius, the Persians might regain control of the towns on the coast and with a might regain control of the towns on the coast and with a larger expedition transfer the war to Greece wehre the larger expedition transfer the war to Greece wehre the Spartans are our declaredenemies and the city of Athens is Spartans are our declaredenemies and the city of Athens is kept loyal for the present more by fear than by good will to us. kept loyal for the present more by fear than by good will to us.

But if Tyre were destroyed the whole of Phoneicia would be in But if Tyre were destroyed the whole of Phoneicia would be in our hands and the Phoenician fleet, the largest and best part our hands and the Phoenician fleet, the largest and best part of the Persian navy, would in all probability come over to us. of the Persian navy, would in all probability come over to us. For if their cities are not occupied, the Phoenician oarsmen For if their cities are not occupied, the Phoenician oarsmen and marines will not put up with risking danger at sea for the and marines will not put up with risking danger at sea for the sake of others. After this Cyprus will either join us of its own sake of others. After this Cyprus will either join us of its own free will or it will easily be captured by a naval attack. Then, if free will or it will easily be captured by a naval attack. Then, if we sail with the Macedonian ships and those from Phoenicia, we sail with the Macedonian ships and those from Phoenicia, after Cyprus is taken our command of the sea will be secure after Cyprus is taken our command of the sea will be secure and our expedition to Egypt will thus be an easy matter. and our expedition to Egypt will thus be an easy matter. Finally, when we have brought Egypt over to our side we shall Finally, when we have brought Egypt over to our side we shall have no reason left for disquiet about Greece and our own have no reason left for disquiet about Greece and our own country, and we shall make our expedition agianst Babylon country, and we shall make our expedition agianst Babylon with security at home, with greater prestige, and with the with security at home, with greater prestige, and with the Persians excluded both from the sea at all points and from the Persians excluded both from the sea at all points and from the territory west of the Eurphrates.territory west of the Eurphrates.

PHOENICIAPHOENICIA

USING THE SLIDE BEFORE AND READ USING THE SLIDE BEFORE AND READ Hamilton pgs 70-71 Hamilton pgs 70-71

a)a) Name four major cities mentionedName four major cities mentioned

b)b) Lack unity – why? Significance of Lack unity – why? Significance of this?this?

DARIUS NEGOITATING FOR HIS DARIUS NEGOITATING FOR HIS FAMILYFAMILY

Before the city fell a second embassy came from Darius. Before the city fell a second embassy came from Darius. The Persian king offered Alexander a ransom of 10 The Persian king offered Alexander a ransom of 10 000 talents for his family, and all territory west of the 000 talents for his family, and all territory west of the Euphrates, and proposed that Alexander should Euphrates, and proposed that Alexander should become his ally and marry his daughter. We are not become his ally and marry his daughter. We are not told when this offer was made, whether before or after told when this offer was made, whether before or after the break up of the Persian fleet, but once again the break up of the Persian fleet, but once again Alexander completely rejected Darius’ offer. The Alexander completely rejected Darius’ offer. The country and its treasures, he asserted, were already country and its treasures, he asserted, were already his; if he wished, he would marry Darius’ daughter his; if he wished, he would marry Darius’ daughter with or without his permission. Parmenio, we are told, with or without his permission. Parmenio, we are told, remarked that if he were Alexander he would accept remarked that if he were Alexander he would accept the offer, to which Alexander made the celebrated the offer, to which Alexander made the celebrated replay, ‘So would I, if I were Parmenio.’ This exchange replay, ‘So would I, if I were Parmenio.’ This exchange may simply be part of the denigration of Parmenio, but may simply be part of the denigration of Parmenio, but even if it actually took place, we are not entitled to even if it actually took place, we are not entitled to assume, as many do, that Philip would have agreed assume, as many do, that Philip would have agreed with his marshal. We just do not know.with his marshal. We just do not know.

QUESTIONQUESTION

What offer did Darius makeWhat offer did Darius make

What was Alexander’s replyWhat was Alexander’s reply

EGYPT - MEMPHISEGYPT - MEMPHIS Reading Hamilton 73-7 & SG 37-38 Reading Hamilton 73-7 & SG 37-38

Answer these questions:Answer these questions:

1.1. How was he welcomed here?How was he welcomed here?

2.2. What did he do here? What do his What did he do here? What do his actions reveal about his actions reveal about his personality?personality?

3.3. What festivities took play here? What festivities took play here? Why?Why?

SIWAHSIWAH

1.1. What was this?What was this?

2.2. What is it’s significance?What is it’s significance?

3.3. Why did Alexander go there? Date?Why did Alexander go there? Date?

4.4. What were some legendary stories What were some legendary stories that surround this expedition?that surround this expedition?

5.5. Result? What controversy was Result? What controversy was created by this?created by this?