Alexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America

Five Values 1. Laissez-Faire- government policy of “hands off” economy

2. Individualism-free to flourish without regard to station in life

3. Populism-participation of common people

4. Egalitarianism- society of equals

5. Liberty-protection from tyranny, rule of law, religious faith

Founding Father’s Line-up

1. Benjamin Rush-Father of American Medicine, signer of D of I 2. John Jay - Federalists Papers, first Chief Justice of Supreme Court, neg. US borders 3. John Peter Muhlenberg-clergymen recruited soldiers to fight British 4. Jonathan Trumball, Sr. – colonial governor sided with colonists against the British, helped supply Washington’s army 5. John Hancock-Pres. Second Continental Congress, signer of D of I 6. John Witherspoon-signer of D of I, Pres. Of New Jersey College (Princeton) 7. Charles Carroll- helped to finance the war with his own money, signer of D of I 8. John Locke- theory that governments were to protect natural God given rights

Charters of Freedom

1. Dec. of Independence – “We Hold these truths to be self-evident”

2. Constitution – Preamble- a. form a more perfect union b. establish justice c. insure domestic tranquility d. provide for the common defense e. promote the general welfare

3. Bill of Rights – first ten amendments 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. self-incrimination, double jeopardy, private property taken without compensation

Principles of the US Constitution

Seven Principles 1. Checks and Balances- prevents one branch from becoming too powerful. ie, presidential Veto

2. Federalism - powers divided between national and state governments, working together

3. Sep. of Powers- divide power between 3 branches; legislative, executive, judicial

4. Limited Government- powers of government are limited to those mentioned in the Constitution

5. Republicanism –democratic government of representatives elected by the people

6. Popular Sovereignty- powers of the government come from the consent of the governed

7. Individual Rights – rights guaranteed by the constitution

Bill of Rights

1st TEN AMENDMENTS I. – RAPPS- religion, assembly, petition, press speech II. Right to bear arms -

III. Quartering of Troops- IV Search and Seizure- protects against unreasonable searches and seizure

V. Criminal Proceedings;Due Process; Eminent Domain – -grand jury, double jeopardy, self-incrimination;eminent domain

VI. Speedy and Public Trial- impartial jury

VII. Civil Trials – jury trial in civil cases

VIII. Punishment for Crimes- protection against cruel and unusual punshishment

IX Unenumerated Rights- just because rights are not listed doesn’t mean you don’t have that right

X. Reserved Power Amendment- powers not granted to the federal government are reserved to the states

Westward Expansion Klondike Gold Rush – “gold in ‘em ‘ ar hills” 1896 Alaska settlers poured into area

Manifest Destiny- US was destined to expand from coast to coast Homestead Act- cheap land for farming, conflict with Indians Cattle Boom-drive cattle across open plains to RR stations, sent cattle east to big cities Railroads – transcontinental railroad, completed 1869 Utah – - national market - bring settlers west Indian Wars-defeat indians, Wounded Knee; placed on reservations throughout the west; Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse Dawes Act-attempt to assimilate Indians, gave families land to farm, Indian Schools taught trades Farm Issues- crop failure, inflation, debt, natural disaster, lack of government help, - populist movement – address issues, silver

POLITICAL MACHINES

Who was the famous political

boss of Tammany Hall,

NYC?

Boss Tweed Corruption

Bribery

BUSINESS

Free enterprise, laissez-faire government

and abundant resources caused —

large scale economic growth

Led to growth of industry / corporations /

trusts / monopolies

Entrepreneurs

Andrew W. Carnegie - Gospel of

Wealth (philanthropy)

John Rockefeller – Standard Oil

List workplace abuses—

long hours, low wages, unsafe

conditions

Why was this called the Gilded Age?

Thin layer of prosperity

covering abuses by corps.

What was Social Darwinism?

survival of the fittest, no govern.

intervention

IMMIGRATION

Push factors?

war, natural disaster

Pull factors?

Jobs, education, land, opportunity

New immigrants from

southern/eastern Europe

What was nativism?

Favoring native born over immigs.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)—What

was the economic impact?

Wages increase, unemployment

declines

Social Gospel – Christian value that

motivated social reform efforts (ex.

Salvation Army)

What was Americanization?

adopting American customs

URBANIZATION

Rural to urban-Why did people

move?

Rapid growth brought

problems:

Overcrowding

Sanitation problems

Tenements

Infrastructure

Corruption

TECHNOLOGY

Elevator

Telephone/telegraph

Oil drilling

Bessemer Process

Electricity

How did technology impact

business?

Expansion of businesses,

overproduction, need for markets

overseas

Progressive Era Reforms

Instructions: Trace the problems to the reform and then explain the impact.

Problem Muckraker Reform What impact did the reform

have?

Economic

1. Monopolies/trusts

2. Banks

3. Laissez-faire government

Ida Tarbell = Standard Oil

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Business regulation:

o Interstate Commerce Act

o Sherman Anti-Trust Act

o Clayton Anti-Trust

prevent unfair business practices, restore

competitive market place

Federal Reserve Act 1913

—Established the Federal Reserve

System to help with economic issues,

control the flow on money eliminate

drastic fluctuation in economy

16th Amendment—

o Income Tax

Social

1. Civil Rights

2. Suffrage

3. Working conditions

4. Living conditions

5. Consumer safety

Ida B. Wells - lynching

W.E.B. DuBois- founded NAACP

Elizabeth Cady

Stanton – women’s rights

Susan B. Anthony

Jane Addams, Jacob Riis

Booker T.

Washington- gradual equality

Upton Sinclair

wrote —The Jungle

NAACP

19th Amendment

Settlement houses

Education

Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Protects consumers from harmful food and

drugs

Labor Unions — AFL, Knights of Labor

Political

1. Government corruption

2. Amendments

Lincoln Steffens

Robert LaFollette

Initiative— introduce bills & vote

Recall— remove elected official

Referendum— directly on ballot

Direct Primary—selection of cand

17th Amendment—Senators

Civil Service Reform—no spoils

system

gives citizens more control of

government, more opportunities to

participate

Environment

1. Abuse of natural

resources

Teddy Roosevelt

John Muir

National Park Service Act

National Park System

8

American Imperialism From Isolationism to Expansionism

Why? Examples:

Military

o Alfred T. Mahan argued for a strong

navy in his book “Influence of Sea Power

Upon History”

o Protection of territories

o Refueling ports

Economic/Political

o Need for raw materials and markets.

o Open Door Policy— U.S. declares continued

trade with _China_.

o Boxer Rebellion

o Dollar Diplomacy— Taft’s idea to give

_financial _ support to other countries.

o Roosevelt Corollary— justified sending U.S.

troops to intervene in Central America.

Social

o Spread of American institutions

o Missionary zeal

o Christian Duty

Annexation of Hawaii

o Sandford B. Dole – helped overthrow Queen

o Missionaries

o Military Port- fueling station

Commodore Perry opens Japan to trade

Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt pushed for

expansionism— what is that?

social gospel- white man’s burden

Christian duty

How was this different from previous U.S. foreign policy?

-isolationism

Panama Canal

o Huge undertaking that Theodore Roosevelt

oversaw

o Improved trade and military movement

o Malaria/challenges of geography

Think About It: How did these events move the U.S. into the position as a world power?

9

When?1914-1918___

World War I—Why is this a Turning Point?

Technological Innovations?

submarines

machine guns

poison gas

tanks/planes

Effects of Technological

Innovations

Western Front— hundreds of

miles of battle front along eastern

France

Trench warfare … led to a

Stalemate led to …

Massive casualties

Treaty of Versailles—

Germany reparations and

accept war guilt

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points

created League of _Nations_

Great Migration- African Amer.

Move north

U.S. returns to isolationism

International instability

Espionage Act of 1917/Sedition Act

restricted freedom of speech_

Selective Service Act – Drafted

Who?

President Wilson initially declared

neutrality

Alliances: _Allies __ vs. _Central Powers__

American Expeditionary Forces

(AEF) led by__John Pershing___

Argonne Forest one of the most

famous battles (1918)because

turning point; _ Allied victory_ Alvin York won the Medal of Honor

Another

Turning

Point!

Militarism: strong military

Alliances:linked together

Imperialism:compete for

colonies

Nationalism: national pride

Assassination of Arch Duke

Ferdinand_1914__

When__1917__

Lusitania is sunk

Germany’s unrestricted

_submarine warfare__ warfare

Ties to Allies

Zimmerman_Telegram

Sussex Pledge- promise to

warn passagengers before

attack

11

Spanish American War

Review this short war and its impact by filling in the blanks

When?

1898

___USS MAINE______ is sent

to Cuba to protect U.S.

interests

Explodes and seen as an attack

on the U.S.- sabatage

Where?

Havana, _Cuba_____

San Juan Hill Victory of Rough

Riders led by

Teddy Roosevelt

Philippines

How?

Media—

Yellow journalism increases

support

Land—

U.S. fought Spain in Cuba

and the Phillipines

Sea—

U.S. defeats _Spain quickly

Significance

U.S. acquired territory from

Spain—Guam, Puerto Rico,

and Philippines

Platt Amendment— U.S.

could intervene in Cuba

Why is this war considered

a turning point?

US wins; now a world power

Who?

Yellow journalism—Pulitzer

and Hearst newspapers used

this exaggerated form of

journalism

U.S. vs.

Spain

Why?

DéLome letter calls President

McKinley weak. Americans are

___Outraged_ and protest

USS Maine sinks and the U.S.

blames ___Spain_____

10

“Business in the Front”

POLITICAL

“Return to Normalcy” — President Harding’s

reduced role of U.S. government / laissez-faire

policies

Harding & Teapot Dome Scandal

18TH Amendment—Prohibition of Alcohol

19th Amendment— women’s right to vote

21st Amendment—repeal prohibition

ECONOMIC

$Economic Boom—How did these impact the

Economy?

$Mass Production/Assembly Line-

$Henry Ford

$Laissez-Faire – “hands off”

$Buying-on-Credit

SOCIAL

o Red Scare/Sacco-Vanzetti— targets of navists

o Growth of nativism

o Immigration Quota/Citizenship Act of 1924

o Eugenics- selective breeding

o Great Migration influenced culture

o Social Darwinism-survival of the fittest applied

to society and business

“Change in the Back”

SOCIAL—modernism v. traditionalism

Adventure—

o Charles Lindbergh— first to cross Atlantic in plane

o Glenn Curtiss — Aviation Pioneer that was 1st to

design seaplane that could take off and land on water

Changing Role of Women—

o Flappers

o Frances Willard — Temperance Movement

o Women’s Rights Movement

Cultural Values—

o Prohibition Organized Crime

o Scopes “Monkey” Trial— clash between traditionalism

and modernism over teaching evolution.

Clarence Darrow – defense attorney

William Jennings Bryan – prosecutor

Art, Music & Literature

o Jazz Age – birth of new music

o Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes

Marcus Garvey

o Tin Pan Alley—

o Lost Generation —F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great

Gatsby; Ernest Hemingway; Sinclair Lewis

12

19

20

’s

Warning Signs—

Overproduction

Speculation and _buying____on margin

Buying on credit

Bad banking practices

Federal trade policies 1929 What was Black Tuesday? Stock market crash

19

30

’s

Immediate reactions—

People who invested in stock market couldn’t repay loans

Bank runs/failures

Reduced demand for goods/unemployment

Hoover—

Rugged__individualism____

Believed government involvement should be limited

Reconstruction Finance Corp.

Mexican Repatriation Act— Hoover passed act to send Mexican American immigrants to

their home country

Hoovervilles

Effects of the Great Depression—no safety net at the time

Widespread unemployment

Business failures

Foreclosures

Homelessness – hobos

Americans looked to government to solve economic problems

Dust Bowl—

Where? midwest

Why? 10 yr drought

Impact? Worst natural disaster in US history; millions left region

Dorothea Lange—photographer who captured the difficulties

FDR is elected (1932)—

Promised a New Deal- turning point in government involvement in the economy

“Fireside Chats” reassured Americans

Eleanor Roosevelt —political activist

Frances Perkins – 1st female U.S. Cabinet member as Secretary of Labor

New Deal provided—

Relief—bank holiday—CCC, PWA, WPA, (Alphabet Soup) programs

Recovery —support production

Reform—FDIC; Security Exchange Commission; Social Security Act

Opposition—

A number of people were critical of FDR’s New Deal including constitutional challenges that the federal government

was overstepping its power

FDR’s Court-packing—

FDR plan to add appointed justices to the Supreme Court to vote in favor of New Deal

Viewed as challenge to separation of powers

New Monetary Policy—

Moved from gold standard to fiat (paper) money to expand money supply and stimulate economy

13

FDR’s NEW DEAL Instructions: What is important about the following—

Relief

(Short-term)

Is like — bandaide

Recovery

(Stimulus)

Is like — cast

Reform

(Systematic)

Is like —new limb

Bank Holiday:

closed all banks until they were

financially stable

Emergency Mortgage Loans:

Work Relief Programs:

Civilian Conservation Corps

Public Works Program

Works Progress Admin.

National Recovery Administration:

set price and production controls and

minimum wage

Agricultural Adjustment

Administration:

paid farmers to plant less; gov’t bought farm

surplus to control prices

Social Security Administration provides

unemployment insurance, retirement pemsions –

workers pay in contributions:

Securities & Exchange

Commission: watches stock market activity and

prevent fraud

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.: insure bank

deposits up to$ 250,00

Tennessee Valley Authority: created dams along

the Tennessee River to provide electricity

14

Decreased

spending

Decreased

wages

Unemployment

Increased

spending

Increased

employment

Increased wages

All of these

are in effect

today!

Pacific Theatre

Hideki Tojo— emperor of Japan

Flying Tigers — Volunteers pilots help China

against Japan

Bataan Death March—60 mile march

through jungles of Philippines faced

starvation and death

Island-Hopping— US pacific strategy

Navajo Code Talkers— used to send

messages

Chester Nimitz—US Navy Admiral defeated

Japanese at Battle of Midway

Douglas Macarthur— US Army Command.

In Pacific

George Marshall— Chief of Staff “Organizer

of Victory

Battle of Midway- US victory/ turning

point

Atomic bombs dropped- Truman;

Hiroshima/Nagasaki-save lives

American Home Front: Isolationism to

War

Neutrality Acts/Lend Lease Act—keep US out

of war/ allowed US to sell, lease or lend to

Britain

Roosevelt— Pres. During most of WWII

Appeasement— giving in to demands to avoid

war

Pearl Harbor— surprise attack by Japan, US

declares war

Executive Order 9066 + Internment Camps—

Japanese Americans placed in camps

Office of War Information + Propaganda—

make public aware of how they could help

War bonds, rationing, victory gardens— ways

to support war effort

Volunteering/patriotism— Women- Afric.Amer.

Enlist— brought an end to Depression

Mobilization— prepare for war, War Prod.

Board

Vernon J. Baker— African-Amer. Medal of

Honor

U.S. entry—

Adolf Hitler— leader of Germany

Benito Mussolini— leader of Italy

Joseph Stalin— leader of USSR/ Allies

Dictatorship— single leader total control

Aggression— Hitler’s move through Europe

Winston Churchill— leader of Britain

Fascism—extreme nationalism

George Patton— US Commander led army

through Africa and Italy

Dwight Eisenhower- Supreme US Comm.

Led invasion of France at Normandy

Omar Bradley-led first army through France

D-Day Invasion & Normandy—

Tuskegee Airmen— Afric-Amer. Fighter pilot

unit led to integration of military

Holocaust— Hitler’s genocide

Liberation of concentration camps— Allies

realize the extent of the Holocaust

June 6, 1944 D-Day Invasion

Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor

1942 Midway Aug. 1945 Atomic Bombs

A Battle of

Ideology

United

States/

Western

Europe

U.S.S.R.

(Soviet

Union)

Who was

involved?

Political Characteristics:

- Communists party control

- One party leader

Economic

characteristics:

- Command economy

- No economic freedoms

- No private property

- State ownership of business

Political Characteristics:

-multi-party system

- Freedom of expression, religion

Economic Characteristics:

-free market

-economic freedom

-private ownership of business

-supply and demand determine

price

Truman Doctrine — aid to free countries resisting

communism

Containment Policy —prevent the spread of comm.

Marshall Plan — aid to European countries to rebuild

NATO/Collective Security — US /Western Allies

Domino Theory — fear of spread of Comm /Vietnam

Eisenhower Doctrine — Middle East/

Warsaw Pact— Soviet response to NATO

Satellite Nations — eastern European countries

part of USSR/ Poland

Iron Curtain —imaginary line btwn free and

communist/Churchill

Berlin Wall —wall built to divide city between free & soviet 16

Space Race— sputnik

Education Priorities—

math/science

Moon-Landing—1969

Arms Race—atomic weapons

Red-Scare—fear of Comm.

HUAC—house of un-amer.

Act. Comm

Joseph McCarthy— McCath

Rosenberg Trials— spys

Venona Papers—confirmed

spys

Détente—relax tensions/nixon

Star Wars—Reagan/

Presidents’ Views?

Truman—containment

Eisenhower—domino theory

Kennedy—flexible response

Johnson—domino theory

Nixon—détente/normalization

Ford—détente

Carter—negotiation/human

rights

Reagan—Regan Doctrine

Bush—End of the Cold War

Europe

Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift aid to

city

Berlin Wall

SOVIET UNION

Sputnik—1957

TURNING POINT! Ignites Space Race

Arms Race – a-bombs

Breakup of U.S.S.R.- 1990’s

China Mao Zedong — What happened

in 1949?

Korea

Korean War

Reasons:

Outcomes:

China

Mao Zedong –communists

revolution

Korea- reasons- containment

Outcome- 39th parallel/ same

as before the war

Korean War Reasons: Outcomes:

Vietnam—

Domino Theory— fear that ones goes more will follow

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution— blank check to LBJ

Escalation/combat— LBJ sends more soldiers

Roy Benavidez—Mex-Amer. Medal of Honor winner

Tet Offensive— major Vietcong Offensive/throughout

VN

Anti-War Movement—protesting war

Vietnamization— Nixon’s plan to end war in VN

Fall of Saigon— communists takeover after US

withdraw

War Powers Resolution—limits Pres. Actions in war

CUBA

Fidel Castro—Which form of

government? - communists

Bay of Pigs Invasion—Why? – overthrow

Castro/unsuccessful

Cuban Missile Crisis—What happened?

-russia placing missiles in Cuba/

Kennedy forces them out

17

Baby Boom — increase in

population

What was the impact? Housing,

transportation, schools, hospitals

Transportation—

Interstate Highway Act-

connected nation, IKE

Migration -suburbs

Business Growth —

Franchises (McDonalds)

Communication (TV) - ads

Science —

Polio & Measles vaccine- Jonas

Salk

Advances in surgery

Pop Culture— rock & roll

Increased consumption/spending

Economic prosperity

More leisure time

Non-Conformist Ideas

GI Bill/Servicemen’s Readjustment Act provided—

Low cost mortgages

Money for college

What impact did this have?

need for housing, suburbs,

Religious resurgence—

”E Pluribus Unum” motto meaning—out of many

comes one—became official in 1956

“In God We Trust” national motto adopted in

1956

Growth of churches

Fear of Communism

Beat Generation

Jack Kerouac

Rebelled against conformity

1950

Housing Boom

Growth of the

suburbs__

Levittown

Legislation/Landmark Court Cases

Civil War Amendments:

13th —abolish slavery

14th —citizenship

15th —voting for African-American Males

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) —separate is equal

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) —segregation of

children of groups illegal

Executive Order 9981, (1948) — Truman integrates

military

Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D. (1948) —

segregation of Mex-Amer. Children illegal

Sweatt v. Painter (1950) — UT Law school must

admitt African-American

Legislation (cont.)

Hernandez v. Texas (1954) —Mex-Amer entitled to 14th

amendment

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) —separate was not

equal

Civil Rights Act of 1957 —Civil Rights Comm. –Federal

Courts could register Afri-Amer to vote, Civil Rights

Division of Justice Dept.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 —prohibited discrimination

based on race, gender in public accommadations

24th Amendment — (prohibited poll taxes in federal

elections) barriers to voting eliminated

1965 Voting Rights Act —eliminated literacy tests, led

to increase in Afri-Amer voting

Affirmative Action (1965) —take positive steps to

increase number of minorities in work place, colleges,

recruit minority applicants

Edgewood v. Kirby – equal funding for all students

in Texas, rich areas and poor areas

Founding of NAACP (1909)—W.E.B. DuBois —

National Assoc. for the Advancement of Colored People

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)— 15 month long

boycott led by MLK, Rosa Parks – successful

Little Rock Nine (1957) —Ike sent National guard to escort

students to class

Sit-Ins (1960-61) —student led movement to integrate

public facilities

Selma March- march to capital of Alabama for voting

rights

Freedom Rides (1961)—intigrate interstate bus terminals,

violent, many arrested

James Meredith (`1962)—Univ. of Miss student violence,

JFK sent Nat. guard to restore order

Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)-famous MLK letter,

explaining to many that the time for waiting was over

March on Washington (1963) —force the Fed. To take a

stand at the national level, led to Civil Rights act of 64;

famous “I Have a Dream “ speech

Civil Rights Movement

INSTRUCTIONS: Review the different approaches and leadership of various reform efforts by completing the organizer

African Americans Women Hispanic Americans American Indian

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Civil Disobedience —

SCLC/SNCC

disobey unjust laws

Montgomery Bus Boycott

March on Washington

Selma March

Influenced by —

Gandhi

Gathered widespread

support by — using non-

violence

Famous Quotes/Speeches

”I Have A Dream”

Letter from Birmingham

Turning Point —

o Assassinated 1968-

Memphis, Tenn.

Malcolm X

Views —

segregation of races,

’any means necessary’

Influenced by —

Muslim

Nation of Islam

Assassinated 1965-

Rival Nation of Islam

members

Black Panthers

Views —

Militant

Black Power

Community –based

political organization—

Leaders—

Stocky Carmichael

Huey Newton

Bobby Seale

Betty Friedan

wrote —

Feminine Mystique__

National Organization for

Women (NOW) – chief

voice of Women’s

Movement

Gloria Steinam —

Ms Magazine

Roe v. Wade (1973)

legalized —

abortion__

Equal Pay Act —

women same pay as men

for same job

Title IX (1972) — banned

sex discrimination in

education

Cesar Chavez and Dolores

Huerta

led the United —

Farm Workers_______

(UFW)

o Boycotts

-target consumers

Hector P. Garcia started

GI Forum for —

Latin-American____

rights.

LULAC —League of United

Latin American Citizens

La Raza Unida —

United Race Party

MAYO-Mexican American

Youth Organization

Chicano Mural Movement

—pride in Mex. Amer.

Heritage, culture

American Indian

Movement (AIM) —

-temporarily occupied

government buildings at;

Alcatraz

Wounded Knee

Introduced term Native

American

and

brought attention to

discrimination and bias

****RED POWER*****

21

Report Card on the 1970s Presidents

President Describe the topic or event Give them a Grade

Example:

Nixon-R

Détente

Nixon’s foreign policy to relax Cold War tension with the Soviet Union and China through diplomacy A

Nixon Normalization in Relations with China

1st president to visit china after revolution of 1948;increase trade

Nixon First Amendment Rights Tinker v. Des Monies (1968) —students allowed to wear arm bands as a protest of war

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) —freedom of religion, amish children not required to attend public school after

8th grade

Nixon Environmental Protection Act (EPA) & Endangered Species Act

Protection of the environment

Nixon Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Phyllis Schlafly – conservative opposed ERA, reduce rights of women; failed to pass, extended, failed

Nixon War Powers Act

Limit the power of the President in any conflict without a formal declaration of war

Nixon Fall of Saigon

communists took control of South Vietnam, reunifying all of Vietnam under communists control

Nixon Watergate Scandal

President Nixon was found to be involved in covering up for members of his staff for criminal activity; led to

impeachment vote, resignation of Nixon

Ford-R Pardon of Nixon

Raised tremendous controversy when President Ford granted Nixon a full and complete pardon

Carter-D Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) – imposed embargo on US, led to energy crisis, prices

skyrocketed - stagflation

Department of Energy - Cabinet level position created by Carter in response to the energy crisis

Carter Community Reinvestment Act

Require banks to make credit available in poor communities

Carter Panama Canal Treaty

Turn over control of the canal to Panama by the end of the century

Carter Camp David Accords

peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, ending 30 yrs of fighting

Carter Iran Hostage Crisis

Iranian students seized US embassy and held them hostage for over a year

22

Republican (1981-1989)

Supported by social conservatives —Phyllis Schlafly, led opposition to ERA

Won using conservative ideas (remember Goldwater 1964) and optimism

What was Reaganomics?

supply-side economics

cut taxes to business, wealth

What was “Peace through Strength”? -Star wars – “Let he who desires peace prepare for war” How was the U.S. involved in the Iran-Contra Affair?

sold weapons to Iran for release of Hostages. Money sent to rebels in Nicaragua

• Why were U.S. Marines in Lebanon?

International peace-keeping force, attacked by

suicide bomber 241 American Marines killed

Appointed Sandra Day O’Connor first woman to U.S. Supreme Court (1981)

Ronald Reagan George Bush

Republican (1989-1993)

What is significant about the

Americans with Disabilities Act?

prohibited discrimination of people with

disabilities in employment

What signifies the end of the Cold

War?

eastern European countries moved

away from Communism, Berlin Wall

comes down,

o When? 1991

Why did the U.S. get involved in the

Persian Gulf War?

Iraq invaded Kuwait,

greatest foreign policy

achievement

People moving from Rust Belt region

to the Sunbelt region

People moved from industrial

Mid-west to Southwest for jobs

Moral Majority

Conservative lobby group

Formed by television

evangelist Jerry Falwell

Opposed ERA

Heritage Foundation

Conservative think tank

Promoted free

enterprise, civil rights,

limited government and

strong national defense

National Rifle Association

After assassinations in

the 1960s the Gun

Control Act of 1968

NRA became more active

and was a conservative

political group supporting

2nd Amendment Rights

mendment rights.

Bill Clinton

1993-2001

George W. Bush

2001-2009

Barack Obama

2009-2017

Economic

Issues

Attempted health care reform with

Hillary Clinton leading task force – did

not pass Congress

Supported welfare reform, lower taxes,

and stricter crime prevention measures

GATT — Changed to World Trade

Organization

NAFTA— impacted trade in_N. America_

Financial Crisis of 2008 led to—

Home foreclosures

Fear of financial failures

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008)

gave billions of dollars to prevent banks and

businesses from failing

American Recovery and Reinvestment

Act of 2009 gave economic stimulus –

create new jobs, 700 billion, save auto

industry

Banking and credit reform – regulate

credit cards, banks

Political

Issues

Ross Perot —3rd party candidates can

impact elections

Contract with America was supported by

__Republicans___ proposed by Newt

Gengrich, Republican Speaker of the

House

Balkan Crisis

2000 Election — what was unique?

Gore won pop. Vote – lost election – Supreme

Court ruled no recount- Bush wins

2001 Terrorist Attack — Turning Point

9/11 - Homeland Security, TSA

U.S. Patriot Act created to—

conduct sweeping searches, monitor activity

—Iraq – Remove Saddam Hussein

—Afghanistan- search for bin Laden

2008 Election Turning Point – First

African American President – social

media, grassroots ,

Affordable Care Act – health care for all,

attempted by every Democratic Pres.

Since 1940’s

Appointed _Sonia Sotomayor_ 1st Hispanic

American to U.S. Supreme Court

Social

Issues

Scandal led to impeachment (formal

accusation) by the House of

Representatives__________

____Senate__ vote did not remove the

president

No Child Left Behind was created to

—Make schools accountable for

teaching all students

Hurricane Katrina caused by natural

disaster and human factors (levee

failure, delayed rescue) – Bush

criticized for delayed reaction, led to

many people deaths

Appointed— Hillary Clinton

_as Secretary of State

Influence of Oprah Winfrey – star

power, $$$$$$$$,

24

Technological Innovation

How have these improved business and American’s standard of living?

Satellites— orbit the earth send signals –space junk, pictures

Cell phones— instant info and connection, issues? ------

Personal computers— manage info, save info, reduce work load,

Robotics— aid in manufacturing, reduce employment

Just-in-time inventory management— parts arrive at the precise time in the manufacturing process

Information technology— increase in production, high tech jobs

Genetic engineering— thousands of diseases such as cancer may be cured

Time-Study Analysis- how long to perform a task, help manage workers and production

Business Marketplace

How does free enterprise impact the creation of discoveries in the U.S.?

powerful incentive to meet consumer demands, free to produce and choose products

What contribution have these entrepreneurs made to the United States?

Bill Gates— Microsoft

Sam Walton— Wal-Mart

Esteé Lauder— cosmetics

Lionel Sosa—Hispanic owned ad

agency

Robert Johnson— BET

Oprah Winfrey— influence public opinion, philanthropy

25

Globalization

How have these encouraged globalization?

Internet— world wide linking of computers,

e-commerce, doing business on computer

Growth of multi-national corporations—

multi-national corps. Can move production to other places to avoid taxes and regs.

Energy needs—rising population has led to greater need for energy, nuclear, solar, hydro,

Dangers of explosions, storms, leaks, global warming acid rain, ozone layer

American culture— energy conservation, environmental issues

Gilded Age Industrialization/Child Labor

Urbanization/How the other half lives

Immigration/Nativism Westward Expansion/Manifest Destiny Americanization/

Assimilation

Imperialism/Panama Canal/TR 20’s/Flappers Stock Market Crash/ Depression

Spanish American War WW I Progressive Era

Depression 30’s New Deal/ 3R’s WW II

Arms Race/Cold War Baby Boom/ Suburbs Rosa Parks/Montgomery

Bus Boycott

Space Race/1969 Sputnik 1957 MLK/Assassinated 1968

Cesar Chavez United Farm Workers

Anti-War Movement 70’s Watergate/Lack of Confidence in Gov’t

1991 – Fall of Communism 9/11/2001

Election 2008