algebraic expression angle

Vocabulary Flash Cards

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algebraic expression

angle

base (of a power)

coordinate plane

equation

exponent

expression

factor

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A figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint

An expression that contains numbers, operations, and one or more symbols

8 , 6x a b+ × −

A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line and a vertical number line.

The base of a power is the repeated factor.

See power.

The exponent of a power indicates the number of times a base is used as a factor.

See power.

A mathematical sentence that uses an equal sign to show that two expressions are equal

4 16, 7 21= + =x a

When whole numbers other than zero are multiplied together, each number is a factor of the product.

2 3 4 24,× × = so 2, 3, and 4 are factors of 24.

A mathematical phrase containing numbers, operations, and/or variables

12 6, 18 3 4+ + ×

8 , 6+ × −x a b

vertex

x

y

3

4

5

2

1

−3

−2

−4

−5

4 5321O−2−3−4−5

Quadrant II Quadrant I

Quadrant IVQuadrant III

The origin isat (0, 0).

x-axis y-axis



negative number

ordered pair

origin

percent

polygon

polyhedron

positive number

power

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A pair of numbers (x, y) used to locate a point in a coordinate plane; The first number is the x-coordinate, and the second number is the y-coordinate.

The x-coordinate of the point ( )2, 1− is 2,− and

the y-coordinate is 1.

A number less than 0

0.25, 10, 500− − −

A part-to-whole ratio where the whole is 100

37

37% 37 out of 100100

= =

The point, represented by the ordered pair (0, 0), where the horizontal and vertical number lines intersect in a coordinate plane

See coordinate plane.

A solid whose faces are all polygons

A closed figure in a plane that is made up of three or more line segments that intersect only at their endpoints

A product of repeated factors

�

51 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 21

power is used as a factor 5 times.2

= • • • • ��

A number greater than 0

0.5, 2, 100 exponent base

1

−2 21

(−2, 1)

O x

y



prism

pyramid

quadrilateral

ray

regular polygon

solid

solution (of an equation)

terms (of an algebraic expression)

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A polyhedron that has one base; The lateral faces are triangles.

A polyhedron that has two parallel, congruent bases; The lateral faces are parallelograms.

A part of a line that has one endpoint and extends without end in one direction

A polygon with four sides

A three-dimensional figure

See three-dimensional figure.

A polygon with congruent sides and congruent angles

The parts of an algebraic expression

The terms of 4 7+x are 4x and 7.

A value that makes an equation true

6 is the solution of the equation 4 2.− =x

lateral face

base

baselateral face

base



three-dimensional figure

two-dimensional figure

variable

vertex (of an angle)

whole numbers

x-axis

y-axis

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A figure that has only length and width

A figure that has length, width, and depth; also known as a solid

The point at which the two sides of an angle meet

See angle.

A symbol that represents one or more numbers

x is a variable in 2 1.x +

The horizontal number line in a coordinate plane


The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…

The vertical number line in a coordinate plane




absolute value

additive inverse

Additive Inverse Property

integers

opposites

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

Chapter 1



The opposite of a number

The additive inverse of 8 is 8.−

The distance between a number and 0 on a number line; The absolute value of a number a is written as .a

5 5− =

5 5=

The set of whole numbers and their opposites

3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,− − −… …

The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is 0.

( )8 8 0+ − =

Two numbers that are the same distance from 0, but on opposite sides of 0

3− and 3 are opposites.



rational number

repeating decimal

terminating decimal

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Chapter 2



A decimal that has a pattern that repeats

0.555... 0.5

1.727272... 1.72

=

=

A number that can be written as a

b where

a and b are integers and 0b ≠

3

3 ,1

= 2 2

5 5

−− =

1

0.25 ,4

= 1 4

13 3

=

A decimal that ends

1.5, 2.58, 5.605−



Addition Property of Equality

Division Property of Equality

equivalent equations

factoring an expression

like terms

linear expression

Multiplication Property of Equality

simplest form (of an algebraic expression)

Chapter3 Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Chapter 3



Dividing each side of an equation by the same number produces an equivalent equation.

3 18

3 18

3 3

6

− =− =− −

= −

y

y

y

Adding the same number to each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.

5 1

5 5

4

− = −+ +

=

x

x

Writing an expression as a product of factors

( )5 15 5 3x x− = −

Equations that have the same solutions

2 8 0x − = and 2 8x =

An algebraic expression in which the exponent of the variable is 1

1

4 , 3 5, 56

x x x− + −

Terms of an algebraic expression that have the same variables raised to the same exponents

4 and 8, 2x and 7x

An algebraic expression is in simplest form when it has no like terms and no parentheses.

26 9 , 3 5a a t+ +

Multiplying each side of an equation by the same number produces an equivalent equation.

( )

63

3 3 63

18

= −

• = • −

= −

x

x

x



Subtraction Property of Equality

Chapter 3



Subtracting the same number from each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.

5 25

5 5

20

w

w

+ =− −

=



Addition Property of Inequality

Division Property of Inequality

graph of an inequality

inequality

Multiplication Property of Inequality

solution of an inequality

solution set

Subtraction Property of Inequality

Chapter 4 Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Chapter 4



When you divide each side of an inequality by the same positive number, the inequality remains true. When you divide each side of an inequality by the same negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol must be reversed for the inequality to remain true.

4 12

4 12

4 43

x

x

x

> −−>

> −

5 30

5 30

5 56

x

x

x

− >− <− −

< −

When you add the same number to each side of an inequality, the inequality remains true.

3 10

3 3

7

x

x

− > −+ +

> −

A mathematical sentence that compares expressions; It contains the symbols , , , or .< > ≤ ≥

4 14, 5 12x x− < + ≥ −

A graph that shows all the solutions of an inequality on a number line

2> −x

A value that makes an inequality true

A solution of the inequality 3 9+ > −x is 2.=x

When you multiply each side of an inequality by the same positive number, the inequality remains true.

When you multiply each side of an inequality by the same negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol must be reversed for the inequality to remain true.

( )

92

2 2 92

18

< −

• < • −

< −

x

x

x

36

6 6 36

18

<−

− • > − •−

> −

x

x

x

When you subtract the same number from each side of an inequality, the inequality remains true.

7 20

7 7

27

+ > −− −

> −

x

x

The set of all solutions of an inequality

−1−3 −2 0 1 2 3



complex fraction

constant of proportionality

cross products

Cross Products Property

direct variation

proportion

proportional

rate

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Chapter 5 Chapter 5



The number k in the direct variation equation y kx=

The constant of proportionality in the equation 2 is 2.y x=

A fraction that has at least one fraction in the numerator, denominator, or both

1412

The cross products of a proportion are equal.

=2 43 6

2 6 3 4• = •

In the proportion ,a c

b d= the products a d•

and b c• are called cross products.

=2 43 6

2 6 and 3 4• •

An equation stating that two ratios are equivalent

3 12

4 16=

Two quantities x and y show direct variation when ,=y kx where k is a number and 0.≠k

The graph of y kx= is

a line with a slope of k that passes through the origin.

A ratio of two quantities with different units

You read 3 books every 2 weeks.

Two quantities that form a proportion are proportional.

Because 3

4 and

12

16 form a proportion,

3

4 and

12

16 are proportional.

x

y3

2

1

−3

321−2−3 −1

y = 2x



ratio

slope

unit rate

Chapter 5 Chapter 5

Chapter 5



A ratio of the change in y (vertical change) to the change in x (horizontal change) between any two points on a line; It is a measure of the steepness of a line.

change in slope

change in

y

x=

A comparison of two quantities using division;

The ratio of a to b ( )where 0≠b can be written

as a to b, a : b, or .a

b

4 to 1, 4 : 1, or 4

1

A rate with a denominator of 1

The speed limit is 65 miles per hour.

x

y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Slope =

3

2 32



discount

interest

markup

percent of change

percent of decrease

percent error

percent of increase

principal

Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Chapter 6 Chapter 6



Money paid or earned for the use of money

See simple interest.

A decrease in the original price of an item

The original price of a pair of shoes is $95. The sale price is $65. The discount is $30.

The percent that a quantity changes from the original amount

amount of changepercent of change

original amount=

The percent of change from 20 to 25 is:

25 20 5

25%20 20

− = =

The increase from what a store pays to the selling price

A store buys a hat for $12 and sells it for $20. The markup is $8.

The percent that an estimated quantity differs from the actual amount

amount of errorpercent error

actual amount=

Estimated length: 16 feet Actual length: 21

Percent error: 21 16

, or 23.8%21

−

The percent of change when the original amount decreases

percent of decrease

original amount new amount

original amount

−=

The price of a shirt decreases from $20 to $10.

The percent of decrease is 20 10

, or 50%.20

−

An amount of money borrowed or deposited

You deposit $200 in an account that earns 4% simple interest per year. The principal is $200.

The percent of change when the original amount increases

percent of increase

new amount original amount

original amount

−=

The price of a shirt increases from $20 to $30.

The percent of increase is 30 20

, or 50%.20

−



simple interest

Chapter 6



Money paid or earned only on the principal

=I Prt

You put $200 into an account. The account earns 5% simple interest per year. The interest earned after 3 years is $200 0.05 3,× × or $30. The account balance is $200 $30 $230+ = after 3 years.

Simple Interest Annual interest rate (in decimal form)

Principal Time (in years)



adjacent angles

complementary angles

congruent angles

congruent sides

kite

scale

scale drawing

scale factor (of a scale drawing)

Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Chapter 7 Chapter 7



Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90°

Two angles that share a common side and have the same vertex

1 and 2∠ ∠ are adjacent.

2 and 4∠ ∠ are not adjacent.

Sides that have the same length

Side AB and side FG are congruent sides.

Angles that have the same measure

A ratio that compares the measurements of a drawing or model with the actual measurements

12 cm : 1 cm

2 in.

15 ft

A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides and opposite sides that are not congruent

A scale without units

See ratio.

A proportional, two-dimensional drawing of an object

A blueprint or a map

1 234

30°60°

12

60°60°

120°120°

A

B

F

G



scale model

supplementary angles

vertical angles

Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Chapter 7



Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180°

A proportional, three-dimensional model of an object

The angles opposite each other when two lines intersect; Vertical angles are congruent angles.

1 and 3 are vertical angles.

2 and 4 are vertical angles.

∠ ∠∠ ∠

135° 45° 3 4

24

3

1



center (of a circle)

circle

circumference

composite figure

diameter (of a circle)

pi

radius (of a circle)

semicircle

Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Chapter 8



The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a point called the center

The point inside a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle

See circle.

A figure made up of triangles, squares, rectangles, semicircles, and other two-dimensional figures

The distance around a circle

The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter

The value of π can be approximated as 3.14 or22

.7

The distance across a circle through the center

See circumference.

One-half of a circle

The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle

See circumference.

centercircle

C

d

rsquare

triangle



cross section

lateral surface area (of a prism)

regular pyramid

slant height (of a pyramid)

Chapter 9 Chapter 9

Chapter 9 Chapter 9



The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a prism

( )( ) ( )( )2

Lateral surface area 2 4 3 2 5 3

24 30 54 cm

= +

= + =

A two-dimensional shape formed by the intersection of a plane and a solid

The intersection of the plane and the cone is a circle.

The height of each triangular face of a pyramid

A pyramid whose base is a regular polygon

5 cm4 cm

3 cm

slant height



biased sample

compound event

dependent events

event

experiment

experimental probability

favorable outcomes

Fundamental Counting Principle

Chapter 10 Chapter 10






An event that consists of two or more events

Spinning a spinner and flipping a coin

A sample that is not representative of a population; One or more parts of the population are favored over others.

You want to estimate the number of students in your school who like to play basketball. You survey 100 students at a basketball game.

A collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment

Flipping heads on a coin

Two events such that the occurrence of one event affects the likelihood that the other event(s) will occur

A bag contains 3 red marbles and 4 blue marbles. You randomly draw a marble, do not replace it, then randomly draw another marble. The events “first marble is blue” and “second marble is red” are dependent events.

Probability that is based on repeated trials of an experiment

( ) number of times the event occursevent

total number of trialsP =

A basketball player makes 19 baskets in 28 attempts. The experimental probability that the player makes a

basket is 19

, or about 68%.28

An investigation or procedure that has varying results

Rolling a number cube

An event M has m possible outcomes and event N has n possible outcomes. The total number of outcomes of event M followed by event N is

.m n×

You have 7 shirts, 5 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes. You can make 7 5 2 70× × = different outfits.

The outcomes of a specific event

When rolling a number cube, the favorable outcomes for the event “rolling an even number” are 2, 4, and 6.



independent events

outcomes

population

probability

relative frequency

sample

sample space

simulation







The possible results of an experiment

The outcomes of flipping a coin are heads and tails.

Two events such that the occurrence of one event does not affect the likelihood that the other event(s) will occur

You flip a coin and roll a number cube. The events “flipping tails” and “rolling a 4” are independent events.

A number from 0 to 1 that measures the likelihood that an event will occur

See experimental probability and theoretical probability.

An entire group of people or objects

Population: All of the 14-year-old females in the United States

Sample: All of the 14-year-old females in your town

A part of a population

See population.

The fraction or percent of the time that an event occurs in an experiment

You flip a coin 20 times. If you flip heads 11 times, the relative frequency of flipping heads

is 11

, or 55%.20

An experiment that is designed to reproduce the conditions of a situation or process

The set of all possible outcomes of one or more events

You flip a coin twice. The outcomes in the sample space are HH, HT, TH, and TT.



theoretical probability

unbiased sample




A sample that is representative of a population; It is selected at random and is large enough to provide accurate data.

You want to estimate the number of students in your school who like to play basketball. You survey 100 students at random during lunch.

The ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes when all possible outcomes are equally likely

( ) number of favorable outcomesevent

number of possible outcomes=P

When rolling a number cube, the theoretical

probability of rolling a 4 is 1

.6

algebraic expression angle

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