algonquin college - jan ladas1 community dental health review

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 1 Community Dental Health Review Review

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Page 1: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 1

Community Dental Health

ReviewReview

Page 2: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 2

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities

1. Health Promotion: Awareness/Improvement/Responsibility

2. Education:

Teaching/Learning/Behavior Modification

3. Clinical Therapy:

Care/Treatment

Page 3: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 3

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities

4. Research:Scientific Investigation/Study/Reporting

5. Change Agent:Catalyst for process of change

6. Administration:Policy Development/Management Processes

* All responsibilities mean a commitment toLifelong Learning to maintain competence.

Page 4: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 4

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Private

Practice

Health Promoter: Enabling clients to increase awareness,

responsibility and improvement of their health Practice preventionEducator: Teaching / learning from clients Motivating and modifying behaviour of clients

Page 5: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 5

Clinician: Preventive, therapeutic and ongoing care

procedures Technology used appropriately

Researcher: Investigating, studying and keeping

current with knowledge that validates D.H. practice

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Private

Practice

Page 6: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 6

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Private

Practice

Change Agent: Managing the process of change catalyst, solution giver, resource link/process

helper advocator for rights and well-being

Administrator: Management process and policy development Record keeping Office policy Cost Effectiveness

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 7

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Community Health

Health Promoter: Increase awareness, personal responsibility

and improvement of oral health in the community

Resource person for other health professionals

Educator / Program Planner: In response to needs and resources in the

community Dental health advisor

Page 8: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 8

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Community Health

Clinician: Screening surveys Preventive care, referrals and client

follow-ups

Researcher: Keeping current

Page 9: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 9

Dental Hygienist’s Key Responsibilities In Community Health

Change Agent: For health policies – rights and well-being Catalyst, solution-giver, resource link Process helperAdministrator: Maintains records, data input, analysis and

dissemination Policy and procedure management Ensures cost-effectiveness

Page 10: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 10

Phases Of Process Of Care

Private PracticeAssessment of:- Client’s medical and

dental history- Socio-cultural history- Oral exam

Diagnosis of:

- Patient’s oral hygiene status

Public HealthAssessment of:- Needs of the

community and the target population

- Analyzes assessment

Diagnosis of:- Community dental

hygiene status

Page 11: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 11

Phases Of Process Of Care

Private Practice

Planning of:- Treatment needs

and priorities- Method of payment

Public Health

Planning of:- Program based on

data, priority and resources

- Funding sources

Page 12: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 12

Phases Of Process Of Care

Private Practice

Implementation of: Treatment plan and

co-ordination of treatment with other professionals

Changing when necessary

Public Health

Implementation of: Varied personnel

are involved Changing plan

when necessary

Page 13: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 13

Phases Of Process Of Care

Private Practice

Evaluation During treatment,

specific intervals or on completion of treatment

Public Health

Evaluation Ongoing in terms

of:

- effectiveness

- efficiency

- appropriateness

- adequacy

Page 14: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 14

Role Of Dental Hygienist Role Of Dental Hygienist In Community HealthIn Community Health

School dental health program Screening, referrals, follow ups Resource person in dental health to staff Providing clinical services where

appropriate Maintaining records and data input Assisting in developing education

materials

Page 15: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 15

Role Of Dental Hygienist Role Of Dental Hygienist In Community HealthIn Community Health

Dental indices surveys Organizing and implementingDental health advisor in the community MultidisciplinaryDental health programs Plan, organize, implementIn-service trainer to the community On requestSpecial dental health activities Dental hygiene week, dental health month, health fairs

Page 16: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 16

Role Of Dental Hygienist Role Of Dental Hygienist In Community HealthIn Community Health

As well as: Be familiar with all current legislation and

regulations Compile records, reports and statistics for

dissemination Role model for dental services on committees

and programs as assigned Function as a “team” member in all activities

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 17

Target PopulationsTarget Populations Family caregivers (parents, relatives, etc.) School teachers / staff Health care workers – providers of direct patient

care Hospice workers – for terminally ill Persons with medical conditions Developmentally disabled Hearing impaired / deaf Visually impaired / blind

Page 18: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 18

Target PopulationsTarget PopulationsThings to consider: Age specific competencies Cultural diversity Beliefs, values, attitudes, perceptions,

expectations and needs Barriers to dental care: age, language, disabilities,

finances, transportation, access to care, fear, misunderstanding, trust, illiteracy, denial of disease, social issues and habits

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 19

Criteria For Public Criteria For Public Health DecisionsHealth Decisions

1. Disease or other threat to health is widespread

2. Knowledge exists on how to prevent or cure the condition

3. Such knowledge is not being applied

W.H.O. Definition of healthW.H.O. Definition of health“A state of complete physical / mental and social well-

being and not merely the absence of disease”

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 20

Community Prevention Community Prevention ProgramsPrograms

Prevention – primary goal

Primary prevention

- Most effective

- Prevents disease before it occurs – fluoridization /

immunization, diet, physical activity

Page 21: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 21

Community Prevention Community Prevention ProgramsPrograms

Prevention – primary goal Secondary prevention

- Treats disease after it occurs- Promptly- Reduce prevalence- Shorten duration

- Screening / referrals- Early & accurate diagnosis

Page 22: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 22

Community Prevention Community Prevention ProgramsPrograms

Prevention – primary goalTertiary prevention

- Limits or rehabilitates a disability from disease

– e.g. - Prostheses provided- Reduce complications

* Community prevention programs used only when shown to be effective by well-designed clinical studies and evidence-based research

Page 23: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 23

World Health World Health OrganizationOrganization

Activities Maintains country profile development

(information on oral disease and services, tobacco use, sugar consumption, fluoride/fluoridization)

Implements and evaluates community preventive programs (affordable oral care)

Public education / health promotion

Page 24: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 24

World Health World Health OrganizationOrganization

ACTIVITIES Advocacy and legislation promotion Information dissemination

(41 W.H.O. centers worldwide)

Page 25: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 25

Current Dental Public Current Dental Public Health PracticeHealth Practice

1. Water Fluoridization

2. Prevention of oral cancer

3. Reduction of dental problems

4. Education

5. Nutrition

6. Injury prevention

7. Research and development

Page 26: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 26

1. Water FLUORIDIZATION1. Water FLUORIDIZATION

1901-08 Dr. Fredrick McKay observed “Colorado Brown Stain”(Motteling and brown opacities

of the teeth – less caries)1920 Common link – shared water

source – water analysis showed nothing

1925 McKay advised using water from outside source – resulted in less

motteling

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 27

1. Water FLUORIDIZATION1. Water FLUORIDIZATION1930 Improved water analysis method

showed correlation between increased fluoride resulted in

more motteling then termed “Dental Fluorosis”

1931 Dr. H. Trendley DeanGoal: to define the minimal level of fluoride to inhibit caries without Fluorosis- developed Fluorosis indexResult: caries rate down at F.

Level up to 1.0 p.p.m.

Page 28: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 28

2. Prevention Of Oral Cancer2. Prevention Of Oral Cancer W.H.O. – A Global Concern W.H.O. – A Global ConcernTobacco CessationHow to reduce oral cancer:1. Train health care workers to look for early signs2. Education of the public – advertising (causes and

signs)3. Involve other educators (teachers)4. Public policy – taxes / bans5. Individual counseling6. Prevention / cessation programs7. Social acceptance changes

Page 29: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 29

3. Reduction Of Dental 3. Reduction Of Dental ProblemsProblems

Technology / research & development Fluoride – variety of sources Improved access to care Early interventions / injury prevention

campaigns Improved oral health education /

promotion Improved nutrition awareness

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 30

Preventive Properties Preventive Properties Of FluorideOf Fluoride

CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY – SIX PRINCIPALS

1.Studied groups not individuals “Colorado Springs Community”

2.Examined “well” and “ill” people – long term residents more affected

3.Looked at relative prevalence surrounding areas studied

Page 31: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 31

Preventive Properties Preventive Properties Of FluorideOf Fluoride

CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY – SIX PRINCIPALS

4.Broad goal established, e.g. association between prevalence of fluorosis or caries and fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas

5.Required 2 demonstrations - association itself is dependable and

predictable from population to population- other factors could not be responsible

Page 32: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 32

Preventive Properties Preventive Properties Of FluorideOf Fluoride

CLASSICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY – SIX PRINCIPALS

6.Support for association between fluoride and dental health is gained through additional studies

FINAL CONCLUSION

Water can be fluoridated to optimal level to reduce caries without increasing fluorosis

Page 33: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 33

Ministry Of Health ProgramMinistry Of Health ProgramChildren In Need Of TreatmentChildren In Need Of Treatment

C.I.N.O.T.C.I.N.O.T. Dental Screening Program– 3 Hygienists

High/Moderate Risk Elementary Schools- screening of selected students and data recording- intensive follow-ups and referrals

- take home notice- phone contact/consultation- follow up school screening

- provision of preventive services- exam, prophylaxis, sealants, fluorides

Page 34: Algonquin College - Jan Ladas1 Community Dental Health Review

Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 34

Ministry Of Health ProgramMinistry Of Health ProgramChildren In Need Of TreatmentChildren In Need Of Treatment

C.I.N.O.T.C.I.N.O.T. Dental Screening Program– 3 Hygienists

High/Moderate Risk Elementary Schools- Dental Health Education and Promotion

- clients, caregivers, school staff- resource person

- for students / caregivers- in the community- for other health care providers

Year 2000: - 60 schools screened- 1500 CINOT referrals- 480 clinic services

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 35

TerminologyTerminologyEPIDEMIOLOGY:

The study of the amount, distribution, determinants and control of diseases and health conditions among given populations.

Endemic:

A relatively low, but constant level of occurrence of a disease or health condition in a population.

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 36

TerminologyTerminologyEpidemic:

A disease or condition occuring among many individuals in a community or region at the same time and usually spreading rapidly. Often called an “outbreak” of disease. Widespread outbreaks across a region or continent may be termed pandemic in extent.

Disease rates:The number of cases or deaths among a population or target group during a given time period, expressed as a ratio. Rates are often statistically “adjusted” to make valid comparisons across different populations or to detect trends within the same population.

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 37

TerminologyTerminologyMortality:

The ratio of the number of deaths from a given disease or health problem to the total number of cases reported.

Morbidity:

The ratio of “sick” (affected) individuals to well individuals in a community. It often measures the level of nonfatal health consequences (severity) of a disease or condition.

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 38

TerminologyTerminologyPrevalence:

A numerical expression of the number of all existing cases of a disease or problem in a population measured at a given point or period of time.

Case rate:Frequency of occurrence of a condition.

Incidence:The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time.

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Algonquin College - Jan Ladas 39

TerminologyTerminology

Etiology:The theory of causation for a disease or condition.

Risk factors:Characteristics of an individual or population, which may increase the likelihood of experiencing a given health problem (e.G., Age, gender, educational level, socioeconomic status).

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TerminologyTerminologyIndex:

A standardized method used to describe the status of an individual or group with respect to a given condition. Indexes usually involve a graduated scale for measuring the extent of the health problem.

Surveillance:Methods or systems used to monitor disease and morbidity in a population periodically or on an ongoing basis. It is an important function of the centers for disease control (CDC) and health departments, etc.