algorithmic sketchbook_ornella_altobelli.pdf

8/10/2019 Algorithmic Sketchbook_Ornella_Altobelli.pdf

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A L G O R I T H M I CS K E T C H B O O K

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 01Triangulation02

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The use of the geometry command is used with the populate 3D command to es-tablish a random set of points within the form of geometry in use (in this case thecube). The use of the number slider allows the control the number of points withinthe geometry. The Voronoi 3D command establishes volumes between the points

within the structure of the geometry. Through the deleting of volumes withinthe geometry a variety of forms are established through the bake command.


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04 ALGORITHMIC TASK 02


One Point set to XY Plane which is then runethrough the rectangle command. the size ofthe rectangle is controlled by the X, Y, andRadius inputs with controlled values fromthe number sliders. The panel indicates thegeometry that has been created and thevalues binding its size.

By setting multiple points to the point commandin Grasshopper and using the Point List commandto connect the points and number them. Thenumber slider is used to control the font/label size.Mesh quad allows the setting of the integer (thespecific point) and allows the control of the order

of points within the mesh through inputs A, B, Cand D. Running the Quad mesh to the mesh inputproduces the mesh in the order inputted throughthe selection of integers.

Two curves in Rhino are set to the curves inputted into Grasshopper.These curves have interval points produced through the dividecommand. These points are inputted into the arc command and isorientated on the z axis. Points along the arc are then produced throughthe divide curve command, the number of points is controlled by anumber slider.


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ALGORITHMIC TASK 02curve intersection

Using the Transform menu: Understanding geometry, transformations and

intersectionsBegin with a sphere in Grasshopper and set multiple numbers for the radius therebyproducing two spheres through the input of multiple radius. in the Vector menu underthe drop down menu Grid select the Populate Geometry command which randomly inputsthe geometry with points. Using the Jitter command the organization of the pointsare shuffled through three different seed values (2, 3 and 4)- this command allowsthe manipulation of lists. This give three different orders which allows the use of thecommand Circle 3Pt (which requires 3 points to output a circle). in order to gain access tothe 3 lists the command Explode Tree is used to again access to the lists stored in thejitter component. Circles are therefore outputted through outputs from the Explode Treecommand and the inputs of the Circle 3Pt command. The curves are then Grafted andSimplified followed by the loft command in order to see the (cone) geometry generated.To find the intersections between these curves the Multiple Curves command is usedon both sets of curves and then a line is produced between these points with the linecommand (highlighting the possibility for fabrication through the production of notches).


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06 ALGORITHMIC TASK 02contours and projection


Working with a surface developed in Rhino the contour command is employed withthe constraint of the X plane/direction, the surface boundaries and a numberslider indicating the distance of offset between contours. The contours are thenprojected to the X plane and subsequently lofted.


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Addition of vectorsMathematical operationsProcess of adding 2 vectors togetherVectors described numerically through 3 coordinatesThe addition of vectors is explored through two processes in this grasshopper scheduleThe vectors are plugged into the vector display port to reveal the vectors in the rhino display. the deconstruct vector is run todecomposes the vector into its component parts to then run them through the addition (A+B) command. The Vector XYZ command isused to plug this deconstruct-ed data into the vector display.

Subsequently, the second attempt at addition was achieved through the connection of the vector to the Addition (A+B) command andthe connection to the vector display command.


07 ALGORITHMIC TASK 02 vector additionVector geometryVector defining direction and magnitude of geometry in Grasshopper.Controls movement, scale and rotationsSet one vectorVectors defines 3 coordinatesLink vector to panel to reveal coordinates (ordered x,y, z)Unit vector equals 1Can set factor to unit vector through number slidersPlanes have a position in space


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08 ALGORITHMIC TASK 02 tutorial task

Tutorial task 2Create a set of points-- use gh toconvert them to lines, then to sur-faces, then curves, and then backto pointstry converting the surface to othergeometry types like meshes, then

back to lines/curves and pointsagainThe points from rhino are run through the linecommand, the point on curve (curve point)comman allows the creation of an extra pointat some point along the the line.

The vector command with a z input valuethrough the number slider runs throughthe move command. The arc comman isused in conjunction with the move inputto form an arc in the z axis.

The divide curve command is added to theinput with definition of the added curves inorder to form points along the curve thatmirrior the arc form.


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10 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03 experimentation


The initial step was to generate a circle and offset it 6 times along the Z-axis at even spacings usingthe move command. Scale numbers are inputted to allow the circles to reduce in size. The surface isthen lofted along these curves.The end points component is used to locate the common point of each circle, an interpolate curvecommand is then used to generate a curve along these points. This curve is then divided into 40 pointswith the input of a number slider and the divide commands. The Polygon command is used to generatetriangles from these division points by controlling the number of edges to 3, the size of the triangles isthen controlled through a number slider inputted into the R component. The rotation command is thenused to spiral these points around the curvature of the form, however, a series command is required toinform the gradual rotation of the form. The series has the same input value as the divide componentand generates a rotation along the same plane.


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The rotation of these triangles is lofted. Thedomain component is used to define numericalrange from 0-360. This numerical range

divided by a range component into 10 partsand the result is used as angle factors for arotate component, whereby the elements aredistributed all around the base circle.

Mirror is used in the XY plane to generate thehelical shape. Select the components whichgenerated the composition and bake them intorhino.


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Experimentation - Swiss Re Building


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13 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03 move command & data matching


a point was inputted in rhino and thenmoved with the move command. Thisfunction retains the original point asgrasshopper requires an original referencepoint. The point is moved along the Y-axisat a length of 20. These points are thenused to generate a line by inputting thereference point and the moved point. Thisline is then moved along the X-axis at anoffset value of 8. These two lines are thendivided into 8 points through the dividecurve command and the use of a numberslider to determine the quantity of points.

In the display menu the draw commandsoption depicts the symbols on thecommands which denote their action.

In the edit menu select group which enablesyou to select a particular compont(s) togroup them and label them as such.


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14 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03move command & data matching


Trim End command -takes the shortest listand stops generating atthe final point.

Repeat Last command-takes the last point in theshortest list and repeatsuntil longest list runs out.

Hollistic Command- theidea of cross refrencing.the command createsevery connection possiblefrom the lists.

Data matching is used when a component has accessto differently sized lists of inputs. Using the pointsgenerated through the task on the previous page, the 3algorithms used to approach this were investigated.


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15 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03points, lists & data matching


Here the generation of a grid in order to explore the idea of lists being the data structureof an ordered set of elements.

Understanding the lines/wires in grasshopper:Orange line = no dataSolid single line = one piece of data (ie: 1 point)Double solid lines= list of data(ie: multiple points)Dotted/stroked line= multiple lists of data (output is lists of lists)


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16 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03 creating a gridshell: shift list &explode tree


Input a set of curves the divide curve command is used to generate points along these

curves. The explode tree command is used to separate data into points which are then fedinto the arc through 3 points command generating a arc through these derived points. Thesurface is then lofted and the contours are edited through shift commands and numbersliders as well as geodesic curve commands.


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17 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03 controlling the algorithm: sets menu


This exploration looked at patterning lists, cull patterns, list lengths, series, list item, jitter, partition listand the sets menu.Commands:SubdivideFlatten Tree

CullVoronoiItemPartition


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18 ALGORITHMIC TASK 03creating a pattern


Creating pattern with theuse of the series com-mand, pts command and cullcommand. Cull was used toenable the weave commandwhich generated the criss-crossing pattern. Polyline andloft where used to close theform.


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The algorithmic sketchbook has been a great tool in exploring and discussing

the algorithmic experiments we have made. The opportunity to investigatethe menu options, in conjunction with video tutorials and personal exploration,has enabled me to gain a familiarity with the design tools available. Theexperiments within this journal highlight a common theme of computationaldesign, that being that form is generated by design parameters void ofcompositional intent on the part of the designer.

A limitation that continues to impact upon my ability to generate thesealgorithmic experiments is that design through computation is limited to whatwe know with regard to parametric design and algorithmic coding. Thus it isessential to develop upon this sketchbook with further experimentation toenable a greater knowledge base to further assist in the final design.

A surface pattern wasgenerated through thetechniques explored in thetutorial videos and previousalgorithmic activitiescomposed in this journal. Asurface was also generatedusing the methods from thegridshell tutorial.

The Map to Surface tool wasused to reflect this generatedpattern into the formgenerated by the surface.


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22 ALGORITHMIC TASK 04 eld fundamentals and charges


Introducing parameter space, data types and functionsCharges and fieldVector- fie ldPoint charge- generated a field (differentiate does not create values, enables evaluationof the object)Line charge- tensor display- tensor vectorsPoint charge - direction display - displays forces directions in color

DIRECTION DISPLAY

TENSOR DISPLAY


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23 ALGORITHMIC TASK 04 phyllotaxis


SERIES, BOOLEANS AND COMPOSING ALGORITHMSSERIES- (SETS-SEQUENCE-SERIES)CREATES A SET OF DISCRETE NUMBERS BASED ON A START VALUE, STEP SIZE ANDTHE NUMBER OF VALUES IN THE SERIESC-INPUT REQUIRES INTEGERSFUNCTION- ASSOCIATES MEMBERS OF ONE SET TO A MEMBER OF ANOTHER SETMATH- SCRIPT- EXPRESSIONSequence ManipulationBoolean- property of a statement being true or falseList cullingGates and dispatching (list dropdown) - look for certain coordinatesVoronoi command used to generate patterning


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24 ALGORITHMIC TASK 04expressions method 1


Script menu evaluateThe curves are inputted and lofted. The brep is then deconstruct and then subdivide togenerate a set of points.


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Script menu- evaluateUsing the input of an attractor point


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Script menu- creating an expression


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27 ALGORITHMIC TASK 04 fractels


A 3 sided polygon is generated through a polygon command,and extruded through an expression along the z axis through anextrusion command.


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Capping is used to seal the pyramid. A deconstruct brepcommand is used to divide the pyramid which is then scaledand trimmed, followed by capping. This process is repeated inorder to generat the second form.


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Input the brep surface into the grasshopper script to generate a variety of patterns.


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30 ALGORITHMIC TASK 04 experimenting



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31 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05 evaluating elds


Field componentsPoint charge commandVector -> fields -> point charge

Reference curves through set multiple curvesDivide curve- flatten outputField line - iterative process - going to run algorithm over and overMerge field - multiple fields into oneFline needs a reference pointSpin force - rotational push on charge*Move points along z-axis (original points on curve) to add complexity


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32 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05evaluating elds



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Using graph mappers to alter and manipulate the profile of thecurves.


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Manipulating height of the polylines through a number slider.


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VERTICAL PUSH - CREATING 3D FORMSDivide curves into points with divide curve component

Graph mapper >BezierComputes values - works within parameter spaceRange component plugged into number sliderGraph controls curvesMove- interpolates curve

37 A GO C AS 0


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37 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05 graph controllers


Set of circles - manipulating their radiiRange between 0 and 1 as default -- change to 0.1 to 1(circles can not have a radius of 0)Circles controlled by graph mapperBezier - graph mapper styleVoronoi pattern distributed along divide surfaceDivide component flattened so that the Voronoi component divides the whole circle noteach individual circle

Cull pattern with panel input voronoi

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38 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05graph controllers




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39 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05graph controllers


Changing geometry type to polygons and changingthe graph configuration



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Using the Polygon geometry and the graph mapper (set to Beziergraph type/style).The pattern was culled using the panel input set to False, True,False.



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41 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05 image sampling


Reparamertize - all points will reside withindomains set by surfaceSet image sampler to clamp

Use color brightness feature0.0 to 0. 1 - parameter spaceSubdivide surface - using an image samplerdistribute circles through an expression.



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Overlapping patterns through the input of two image sam-plers. Controlling the radius through a number slider.



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Move circles along the z-axis.


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45 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05reverse engineering


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1- curves plotted and manipulatedin Rhino2- Multiple curves set inGrasshopper and lofted3- contours created in X and Ydirection at even spacing4- Tight contouring, small distanceinput5- Uniform contouring, averagedistance input6- Loose contouring, large distanceinput7- Tight contouring withrectangular box geometry in the Zdirection8- Uniform contouring withrectangular box geometry in the Zdirection, wide rectangles9- Uniform contouring with

rectangular box geometry in the Zdirection, narrow rectangles



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46 ALGORITHMIC TASK 05 reverse engineering


The initial surface that was generated for the reverse engineering task was created through the points manipulation on 4 curvesin rhino. These curves were then lofted using grasshopper after defining the curves. By dividing the surface a grid of points werecreated, this output was flattened to create one list of points. The lofted surface was then contoured in both the x and y axis inorder to create an even grid across the surface. These contours were then piped to replicate the metal pipe construction of thesynaesthetic pavilion. A number slider was used to control the radius of this piped geometry. The grid of points were then used todistribute rectangular geometry across the surface of the loft, with number sliders controlling their dimensions. A rectangular boxgeometry was used to extrude the 3Dimensional forms extruding in the Z-direction.



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Curves plotted and manipulated in Rhino

Multiple curves set in Grasshopper and lofted

Contours created in X and Y direction at evenspacing

Divide surface, project points at 30 degrees fromoriginal points. Field line created with projectedpoints using point charge off original surfacedivide. Field lines divided into 4 segments

Curves translated in the Z-axis using a graphmapper to create interpolated curves

Offset interpolated curves at a distance of 0.3

Curves piped at a radius of 0.2

Ruled surfaces created between interpolatedcurves and offset curves



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Predefined data treesSurface points - lists of listsData tree - display of data structure



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Longest data matchingData tree can change directionalityGraft tree command

Param viewer - branchesTree display (double click) - provides a visual representa-tionTree statistics (tree tab under sets)Flatten collapse all paths into 1Path mapper - lexical operations on data trees



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Tree menuVisualizing an ordering systemTree statistics

Paths as lists Length as lists

Count number of pathsSimplify tree

Gets rid of all common/shared data



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2 components/indexs to the path object to describe where those points are in the data structure1st component - which path2nd component- which index within the list

Row/column/height (z-axis location)Tree item- select a particular component through a panelFlip matrix- swaps order of pointsie. Rows to columns/ columns tor rows



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Shift path componentRelative item component

Used in patterningOffsetting through panelPolyline -->planar surface

Create null mapping -- not changing datastructureItem indexGrafting - takes every index/item of a list -makes the index a new branch

Points stored as a hierarchyData trees grow incrementally and linearEach level represents and action takenMalleable



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55 ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 B4 Matrix


1

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B

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D

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ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 B4 Matrix

Using the Biothing Serrourssi Pa-vilion Grasshopper definition asa starting point. Projecting thepipe and rectangular box geom-etry from the base curves. Pipestake directionality determined bygraph mapper from

The box geometry is projectedoff the Biothing base curvesusing original definition direc-tionality.

The Voxel size is reduced to 3. Distributi on of panels is reducedthrough number sliders.

Panels are distributed throughoriginal surface subdivision.

Cull pattern placed on transla-tion vecotr of surface points.Perpendicular frames rotated inXZ plane.

Increased cone radius, increasedcone height.

Cull faces removes mesh facesaccording to rule True False False.

Pipe geometry projected usingBiothing base curves and graphmapper.

The box geometry is projectedoff the Biothing base curvesmanipulating original graphmapper.

Pipe and box geometry inputinto Biothing definition but notprojected into the Z direction.

List length is grafted which ro-tates the rectangular geometry.

Graft the Brep input for theBrep area component.

Graft the Brep input for theBrep area component.

Changed rotation of perpendicu-lar frames, further increasednumber of surface points.

Increase in cone radius andheight in the negative plane

Decrease input surface divisions.

The Box Rectangle output fromthe original definition is inputinto the box corners input fromthe Voxelizator Project definition(co-ed-it.com).

The Voxel size is reduced to 1. Surface grid is culled through therandom sorting through numbersliders.

All faces are culled through thenumber slider (set to 0) of therandom sorting c omponents.

Change input surface to anorganic shape built from curves.

Cul l Pattern appl ied to grid Increase input surface points ,Increased cone surface division.

Surface CP and Inside Brep isgrafted. Divide Length is inputinto the one list length and output into 3 series components.

Panel distribution is gener-ated through the original dividesurface grid generated by thePanels Dispatch Project.

Panels are distributed throughoriginal surface subdivision.

Cull pattern to points, increasedmultiplication of movement,changed angle of rotation ofperpendicular frames, increasedsurface points and reducednumber of frames.

Cone height inverted. Cone radiusand opening increased.

Increase input surface divisionsto 32 x 27.

Using the Panels dispatchProject (co-ed-it.com) defini-tion and surface as a startingpoint. Surface is populated usingthe box geometry from originaldefinition.

Using the Panels dispatch Proj-ect (co-ed-it.com) definition as astarting point the original curveswere inputted. Point Surfacegrid is culled through the randomsorting through number sliders.

Curves of the reverse engi-neered definition were pluggedinto the second series of OfficedAs Banq Restaurant definition.Translate planes in x axis andloft between to create panels.

Plugged new surface pointsinto Skylar Tibbets VoltDomdefinition.

Cone subsurface divided intopoints. Delaunay mesh andDelaunay edges applied to thepoints.

1

A

B

C

D

E

2 3 4 5 6 7



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57 ALGORITHMIC TASK 06successful iteration




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58 ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 iteration 1D


Employing the forces employed in the Biothing to directthe panels created through rectangular box geometry.



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59 ALGORITHMIC TASK 06 iteration 2D




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59 iteration 4E


Area component is flattened in orderto create waffle structure.



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61 iteration 5D


Rotate Component used to generate variation inthe contours. Frames move below the ground plain.



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design exploration

Number slider value decreased in order to reduce thenumber of PFrames.

Loft is offset by a value governed by the numberslider in order to increase the thickness of theframes.



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Traveling salesman- clusters

Traveling salesman - shortest route between many pointsRecursive algorithms - critical to development of complex patterns andfabricationEvaluating data

Establish the base algorithmCluster inputs and outputs, then Cluster all byright clicking selected objects.

Repeat clustered component in a linearfashion in order to replicate the algorithm -recursive system.



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Traveling salesman- clusters & history

To edit clusters just double click it and it will open in a separate fileAdding history to clusters

Adding components to the original definition by doubleclicking the cluster. This history is applied to all copies ofthe cluster.

By connecting the clustered components a polyline is able to beformed between the points

PYTHONEncapsulating a set of code and running it a set number of timesPython component not present in Grasshopper?Creating scripts to write codeRecursive functionEnables the repetition of components without manually copyingthem - defines the whole algorithm


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Tensile and rigid bodies- Kangaroo introduction

Not simulating a real world representation of these forces - providing a sugestion of how materials willreact in real world situations. Weaver Bird Plugin

Join Meshes and weld = merges duplicate edgesConvert edges of mesh to springsAnchor all the naked edges of the mesh

Kangaroo Physics engineshould be present here.

Kangaroo Physics engineshould be present here.


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68 ALGORITHMIC TASK 08l d


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Voussoir cloud input

no mesh weld component

Using Voronoi component to divide thesurface the offset of three points aremoved and lofted in order to createa tubular structure. Anchor pointsare then established Crv CP definedby number sliders to determine thespacing between each point.

69 ALGORITHMIC TASK 08V i F Fi di


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Voussoir Form Finding

Force driven simulation to develop vaultsTimer determines how often the form reacts

Attempt failed due to absence of Kangaroo physics engine

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AA driftwood

71 ALGORITHMIC TASK 08G di d


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Gradient descent

Recursive pattern=- effects of gravity appliedDemonstrates a gradient descent algorithm and a variation using clusters andcopy-paste iteration.

Creating a cluster:

Step OneStep Two

Step Three

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Gradient descent

73 ALGORITHMIC TASK 08Gradient descent


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Gradient descent

Manipulating the base Algorithm throughvectors.

74 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09design proposal experimentation


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design proposal experimentation

with lunchbox plugin



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Panel 1-Diamond panels distributed onto surface > u & v = 8-Random split list- creates two random surfaces (seed value= 6)-One surface offset by distance of 1

Panel 2-Quad panels- quadrangle panels on surface-Random split list- creates two random surfaces (seed value= 6)-One surface offset by distance of 1





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Panel 3-Triangle panels-panel frame - creates offset frame using panelpanels offset

Panel 4-Hexagonal structure-u & v = 10- Lines piped, radius=0. 11-Pipes-cap holes





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Panel 5-Hexagonal structure-u & v = 10- lines piped, radius=0. 11-pipes-cap holes- patch surface- returns a patch surface using a list of edge curves

Panel 6- Braced grid 2D structure

creates 2-direction braced grid structure-lines a and b piped, radius=0. 1-cap holes





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Panel 7-Space truss structure 1-Lines a and b piped

Panel 7_03-space truss structure 1-lines a, b and web piped





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Panel 8-Space truss 1-Web (centre lines of the web structure) piped

Panel 9-Space truss 1-Lines a&b piped radius=0.03-Web lines piped, radius= 0. 1-Piped geometry run through panel frame

des g p oposa e pe e tat o


80 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09L-Systems and Loops with Hoopsnake


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y p p



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y p p



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y p p

83 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Extracting Open Street Map Data with Elk


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84 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Particle Trajectories and Loops with Anenome


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85 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Particle Trajectories and Loops with Anenome


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86 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Live Data Feeds and Responsive Geometry


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with Fire y

87 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Live Data Feeds and Responsive Geometry


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with Fire y

88 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Live Data Feeds and Responsive Geometryh


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with Fire y

89 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Live Data Feeds and Responsive Geometryi h Fi


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with Fire y

90 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Live Data Feeds and Responsive Geometryith Fi


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with Fire y

91 ALGORITHMIC TASK 09Structural Analysis with Galapagos


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94 ALGORITHMIC TASK 10Introduction to Radiation Analysis with Ladybug


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Introduction to Radiation Analysis with Ladybug


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Sizes of extrusions is directly proportion-al to the annual record radiation at thispoint as defined by the weather datainput through landybug. The extrusionsare developed through the WeaverBird

Plugin.

99 ALGORITHMIC TASK 11sun responsive patterns


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Closest point, visualized through line geometry


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103 ALGORITHMIC TASK 11Isosurfacing and Minimising with Millipede: MarkFornes - Under Tension


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algorithmic sketchbook_ornella_altobelli.pdf

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