Alice, Olivia and WillAlice, Olivia and Will

Definition of ANTI Definition of ANTI

NATALISTNATALIST::The policy of the The policy of the

government to slow the government to slow the population growth by population growth by

attempting to limit the attempting to limit the number of birthsnumber of births

INDIAINDIABackground informationBackground information

India has had a sudden fall in death rate due to India has had a sudden fall in death rate due to improvements in food supply, hygiene and improvements in food supply, hygiene and medical caremedical care

High birth rate means there has been a dramatic High birth rate means there has been a dramatic increase in populationincrease in population

Contraceptives and family planning were Contraceptives and family planning were available to familiesavailable to families

In 1972, abortions were allowed by law and In 1972, abortions were allowed by law and sterilization programmes became widespreadsterilization programmes became widespread

INDIA’S POPULATION INDIA’S POPULATION STATISTICSSTATISTICS

The population in India at 0:00 hours in the 1The population in India at 0:00 hours in the 1stst of March of March stood at 1,027,015,247 persons, crossing the one billion stood at 1,027,015,247 persons, crossing the one billion markmark

Between 1991 and 2001, the population grew by 21.34 %Between 1991 and 2001, the population grew by 21.34 % Males = 531, 277, 078Males = 531, 277, 078

Females = 495, 738, 169Females = 495, 738, 169 Although India only occupies 2.4% of the world’s land area, Although India only occupies 2.4% of the world’s land area,

it supports 15% of the world’s populationit supports 15% of the world’s population Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 The magnitude of the annual increase in population can be The magnitude of the annual increase in population can be

seen in the fact that India adds almost the total population seen in the fact that India adds almost the total population of Australia every yearof Australia every year

Between 1947 and 1991, India’s population more than Between 1947 and 1991, India’s population more than doubleddoubled

In 1901, India counted 77 persons per sq kmIn 1901, India counted 77 persons per sq km In 1981, there was 216 persons per sq kmIn 1981, there was 216 persons per sq km

INDIA’S FACTSINDIA’S FACTS

At the beginning on the century, endemic disease, periodic At the beginning on the century, endemic disease, periodic epidemics and families kept the death rate high…enough to epidemics and families kept the death rate high…enough to balance out the high birth ratebalance out the high birth rate

Between 1911 and 1920, the birth and death rates were Between 1911 and 1920, the birth and death rates were virtually equal; about 48 births and 48 deaths per 1000virtually equal; about 48 births and 48 deaths per 1000

By the mid 1990s, the estimated birth rate had fallen to 28 By the mid 1990s, the estimated birth rate had fallen to 28 per 1000per 1000

The estimated death rate had fallen to 10 per 1000The estimated death rate had fallen to 10 per 1000 The future configuration of India’s population depends on The future configuration of India’s population depends on

what happens to the birth ratewhat happens to the birth rate Even the most optimistic projections do not suggest that Even the most optimistic projections do not suggest that

the birth rate could drop below 20 per 1000the birth rate could drop below 20 per 1000

POPULATION INCREASEPOPULATION INCREASE In 1981, the population census showed that there were 12 In 1981, the population census showed that there were 12

million more people than the government thoughtmillion more people than the government thought India is a democracy so laws could not be introduced to India is a democracy so laws could not be introduced to

limit the number of babies bornlimit the number of babies born There is a nation wide campaign persuading people to have There is a nation wide campaign persuading people to have

less babiesless babies Contraception, such as the pill and the coil are being used Contraception, such as the pill and the coil are being used

to limit birth ratesto limit birth rates

THE POLICYTHE POLICY The anti natalist policy was unpopular and ended The anti natalist policy was unpopular and ended

in 1977in 1977 In 1978, the legal age of marriage was raised In 1978, the legal age of marriage was raised

from 15 to 18 but this was ignoredfrom 15 to 18 but this was ignored Only 25% of women use contraceptionOnly 25% of women use contraception In 1952, India was the first country in the world to In 1952, India was the first country in the world to

launch the national programme, emphasising launch the national programme, emphasising family planning to the extent necessary to reduce family planning to the extent necessary to reduce birth rate to stablebirth rate to stable

India launched its policy through mass media e.g. India launched its policy through mass media e.g. radio and TV adsradio and TV ads

EFFECTS OF THE POLICYEFFECTS OF THE POLICY

To solve the population problems, the To solve the population problems, the Indian government must quickly Indian government must quickly administer population regulations so that administer population regulations so that couples have on average two childrencouples have on average two children

The governments persuasive campaign for The governments persuasive campaign for two child families and India’s obsession two child families and India’s obsession with having sons has lad to an increase in with having sons has lad to an increase in woman abortion female foetuses so make woman abortion female foetuses so make sure they have a boy, if not twosure they have a boy, if not two

INDIA V CHINAINDIA V CHINA

POPULATION PROJECTIONS POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR INDIA (millions)FOR INDIA (millions)

March March 19911991

March March 20012001

March March 20112011

March March 20162016

846.3846.3 1012.41012.4 1178.91178.9 1263.51263.5

India’s demographic achievement due to the policy

• Reduced crude birth rate form 40.8 in 1951, to 26.4 in 1998

• Quadrupled the couple protection rate

• Reduced crude death rate

• Achieved nearly universal awareness of the need for family planning

• Halved infant mortality rate from 146 per 1000 in 1951, to 72 per 1000 live births in 1998

POPULATION DENSITY, by Will – POPULATION DENSITY, by Will – well researchedwell researched

PROPAGANDA POSTERSPROPAGANDA POSTERS

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Due to the policy, birth rate has Due to the policy, birth rate has declined but there is still natural declined but there is still natural increaseincrease

Infant mortality has been Infant mortality has been reduced as has death rate, reduced as has death rate, therefore there is still a slight therefore there is still a slight increase in the populationincrease in the population