alice’s little parade struts with restoration and new ... · live musical accompaniment, i urge...
TRANSCRIPT
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Alice’sLittleParadestrutswithRestorationandNewMusicScore
ByDaveBossert
(ThetitlecardforALICE’SLITTLEPARADE)Alice’sLittleParadewasfirstreleasedonFebruary1,1926,andwaspartoftheAliceComedies
seriesdirectedbyWaltDisney.Theseries,whichconsistsof57silentshortsmadebetween
1923and1927,wascreatedbyWaltandanimatorUbIwerks.ThefilmstarsMargieDavis,the
secondofthefourgirlswhoplayedAlicethroughouttheseries,alongsideherfaithfulanimated
catpalJulius,wholookssuspiciouslylikeFelixtheCattowardstheendoftheseries.Ashas
beenthecasewithanumberofsilenteracartoonsandshorts,thistitlewasscarceandtoget
ascompleteaprintaspossiblerequiredusingmultiplefilmcopies.
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(MargieDavis,thesecondoffouractressesthatplayedAlicewithheranimatedpalJulius)
Inthiscase,Alice’sLittleParadewassourcedfromsurviving16mmand35mmprints
courtesyofTommyJoseStathers.Digitalscansweredoneofbothprintsandthe‘bestof’
portionswereeditedtogethercreatingthemostcompleteprintknowntoexist.Thiswas
followedbyastunningdigitalrestorationcompletedbySteveStanchfieldandhisteamat
ThunderbeanAnimation.Aswithallrestorationefforts,choiceshavetobemadeforthesakeof
theentirefilmandalevelofcleanupappropriatesothatthefilmcontinuestofeelofthetime
periodinwhichitwasmade.Thisbecomesasubjectiveendeavorwiththeinputofmorethan
oneindividualknowledgeablewiththematerial.It’snotperfect,nothingeveris,butitisthe
bestthatcanbeaccomplishedwiththeresourcesavailableandnodoubtcanbeimproved
uponshouldadditionalprintssurfacethatareevenmorecomplete.
Thereconstructionanddigitalcleanupofthisfilmwereonlypartoftheprocessinthe
restorationandpreservationofAlice’sLittleParade.Musicalsoneededtobeaddedsincethisis
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asilentfilmandhadnosoundtrack.Whenfirstreleased,beforefilmshadsynchronizedsound,
theonlyaudioavailablewhenviewingamoviewasprovidedbyatheaterorganistorpianist
whoaccompaniedthefilmwithmusic.Typically,therewasnoscorereleasedwiththeseshorts
andthetheaterkeyboardistimprovisedtothefilmusingmostlypublicdomainmusic.Inthe
early1920s,thereweresheetmusicandmusiccompilationbookspublishedfilledwithmusicin
thepublicdomainthatwascategorizedundertopicssuchas“chatter,birds,children,dances,
doll,festival,firefighting,funeral,gruesome”andmanymore.Undereachoftheseheadings
therecouldbeseveralmusicalselectionsthatthekeyboardistcouldusetoconveythe
appropriatefeelingtohelpsupportthescreenactionofthefilm.
(Asimilargaginwhichthecanonballstopsinmid-airandhasafacialreactionalsoappearedintheOswaldshortGREATGUNS.)
Themusicactsasasupportingcharacterforsilentfilmsbuildingtensionwhereneeded,
accentingtheactionandoftenenhancingvisualgagsandcomedy.Itwasthetraininggrounds
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forwhatevolvedintocartoonmusicandwhatbecameknownattheDisneyStudiosand
elsewhereintheindustryas“MickeyMousing,”wherethemusicfollowedandaccentedthe
screenaction.WaltDisneyenjoyeditwhenmusicwould“hit”thespecificaction,thoughthis
canneverappeartobeforced.Thatphilosophyisthebedrockofcartoonmusictoday.
MarkWattersisveteranfilmcomposerandhadscoredanumberoftherecentlyfound
andrestoredOswaldtheLuckyRabbitcartoons.Astudentofcinemamusic,hehasasensibility
towardsthesilentfilmeraandadeepknowledgeofhowscoreswereconstructedduringthat
period.Watters’workontheOswaldcartoonstookitscuesfromtheearliestMickeyMouse
shorts,whichactedasaroadmaptohowCarlStallingscoredthoseshorts.Stallingwasthefirst
musicdirectorattheDisneyStudios.AfriendofWalt’sfromKansasCity,hecuthismusical
chopsasatheaterorganistandwaswellversedinusingfamiliarpublicdomainmusicto
enhancethescreenactionofsilentfilms.WattershadasimilarapproachinscoringtheOswald
shortsHungryHoboes,AfricaBeforeDarkandPoorPapa,witheachusingmusicthatresonated
withtheaudience.Forinstance,inPoorPapaWattersused‘ThisIstheWayWeWashOur
Clothes,’‘Rock-a-byeBaby,’andthewell-known‘Brahms’Lullaby’andWagner’s‘Rideofthe
Valkyrie,’whichservedastheclimacticfinish.ForAfricaBeforeDark,hechosetousethe
familiartune,‘A-HuntingWeWillGo,’butmodifieditandothermelodiestocapturethatsame
“junglestyle”ofthecartoon.
InthediscussingthemusicforAlice’sLittleParade,WattersandItalkedabouttheidea
oftryingtobreakawayfromwritingascorethatreliedheavilyontheuseofmusicinthepublic
domain.Obviously,there’sasensibilitytoitthatevokesanothererabuttherewasreallyno
reasonwhythemusichadtosoundnostalgic.Hewantedtowriteanoriginalscorewith
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minimalquotingofpublicdomainmusic.Theuseofmusicinthepublicdomainwasprevalent
inanimationduringthelate‘20sandthroughoutthe‘30sandbeyondforthemerefactthatit
didn’tcostanything—noroyaltiesorlicensingfees,itwasfree.So,forWatters,therewasno
reasonforhimtohavetoussuchmusicwhenhecouldcomposeanoriginalworkthathadthe
flavorofthetimeperiod.Yet,therewasoneinstanceinthisnewscorewherehedidchooseto
useafamiliarthemeandthatwascalled‘HereWeGo-RoundtheMulberryBush,’whichwas
writteninthe1830s.Thetunehadvarioustitlesanddifferentlyricsovertheyearsbutmost
peopleknowthesongfromchildhood—“…herewego-roundthemulberrybush,themulberry
bush...”Heusedthatthemebecauseitwasappropriatetothescreenactioninonepartof
Alice’sLittleParade.“Thelyricsofthissongare,inasense,asetofinstructionssowhentwo
miceareexplainingtoadonkeyhowtheyplantolaunchcannonballswiththehelpofhishind
legs,Ithoughtitwasmostappropriatetousethistune,”saidWatters.
(‘HereWeGo-RoundtheMulberryBush’wasusedinthissectionasanappropriatethemeforthescreenaction.)
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SincetheAliceComediespredatetheOswaldshorts,onewouldthinkthatusingmore
musicinthepublicdomainwouldbeappropriate.But,ontheOswaldshorts,Watterssaid,“I
thinkitwasmoreofmewantingtoimaginewiththeOswaldshortsthatIwasthinkingalotof
whatwouldWaltwant,ifWaltwerealive,andheweredirectingmeonwhattowritefor
those—whatwouldIwanttogivehim.”OnAlice’sLittleParade,“Isupposeafterdoingthree
Oswald’sIkindoffeelconfidentinthinkingthatIdon’tnecessarilyhavetodothat,Icanwrite
somethingthatwouldsoundalittlemorecontemporaryinplacesyetstillhavecertainnostalgic
qualities.”ThatdoesnotmeanhewouldhavewrittenaRockorHip-Hopscore,butrathera
scorethathadavintagequalitywithoutitnecessarilybeingfromthe1920s.
TheotherconsiderationthatWatterswasconscienceofwaswhetherornothewould
haveaclicktrack.Theclicktrackisexactlythat,soundclicksthatactasametronomefor
keepingthetempoofthemusic.Theconductorandthemusicianshearthoseclicksthrough
headphones.Forprojectsinthepast,therewasabudgettocreateaclicktrackforthescore
butonAlice’sLittleParade,well,let’sjustsaythatwehadaveryleanbudgetthatcouldnot
accommodatetheclicktrack.Instead,Wattersusedwhatareknownasstreamerswhichare
visualcuesthattheconductorandmusicianscanseeonstrategicallyplacedmonitorsduring
therecordingsessionorliveperformance.Itisjustadifferentwayofleadingtheorchestraand
accomplishingthesamegoalastheclicktrack,whichiskeepingthemusicinsyncwiththe
picture.“Iwasdelightedthere’sonlytwotemposinthewholepieceandIwasalsodelightedat
howfortunateIwaswithhowthingslanded,”Watterssaid,“Becauseit’spureluckofthedraw
thatyouknowthingsaregoingtolandonabeatorinthemiddleofthebeatsothatyoucanhit
anactionmusically.But,forthisshort,itworkedoutreallywell.”
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Musicisanimportantpartofcomplimentingandhighlightingthescreenactioninany
film—itisasupportingcharacter—especiallyinsilentfilmslikeAlice’sLittleParade.Without
music,thegagsandsituationsarelessimpactfulanddiminishtheviewingexperienceasa
whole.Filmpuristsmaywanttowatchsilentcartoonswithnosound,butthatisnothowthey
wereintendedtobeviewed.Beforesynchronizedsound,thefilmmakersreliedonthetheatres
toaddthemusicwithinhousemusiciansandsometimesevensuppliedscoreslikeCharlie
Chaplindidforsomeofhisfilms.Iprefertoviewanimatedfilmsfromthesilenterawitha
robustmusicscorethatiscomposedexpresslyforeachindividualcartoonsothatIcanbefully
absorbedinthecartoonexperience.Ifyouhavenothadtheopportunitytoseesilentfilmswith
livemusicalaccompaniment,Iurgeyoutojumpatthenextopportunity.Seeingthesefilmsina
vintagetheaterwithatwenty-eight-pieceorchestraisacompletelyimmersiveeventandthe
bestwaytoexperiencethesecartoonsasfarasI’mconcerned.
ThenewscoreforAlice’sLittleParade,writtenbyMarkWatters,premieredonFebruary
10,2018,toarobustcrowdinaprogramtitledAnimatusEventus(CartoonSuite),presentedby
theRiversidePhilharmonicattheRiversideMunicipalAuditoriuminRiverside,California.The
musicwasconductedunderthebatonofMaestroWatters.Alice’sLittleParadewillbescreened
atothereventsandfestivalsinthecomingyear.
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TheentireprojectbudgetwasraisedthroughthePatreonplatformthatallowedfor
crowdfundingthesupportnecessarytocompletetherestorationandpreservationofthisfilm.
ThoseattheExecutiveProducerandProducersupportlevelsreceivedcreditattheendofthe
film.Ifyouwouldliketobecomeasupporterofrestoringandpreservingscarceandlost
cartoons,pleasevisitwww.patreon.com/davidbossert.
AbouttheAuthorDavidA.Bossertisanartist,filmmaker,andauthor.Heisa32-yearveteranofTheWaltDisneyCompanyandisanindependentproducer,creativedirector,andwriter.BossertisconsideredanauthorityandexpertonDisneyanimationhistory.HeisamemberoftheCalArtsBoardofTrusteesandisavisitingscholaratCarnegieMellonUniversity’sEntertainmentTechnologyCenter(ETC)inPittsburgh.Bossertco-authoredDisneyAnimated,whichwasnamediPadAppof2013byAppleandwonaprestigiousBritishAcademyofFilmandTelevisionArts(BAFTA)award.Heisalsotheauthoroftheseveralbooksincludinghislatest;OswaldtheLuckyRabbit:TheSearchfortheLostDisneyCartoons,andTheArtofTennesseeLoveless:TheMickeyMouseTENxTENxTENContemporaryPopArtSeriespublishedbyDisneyEditions.Learnmoreatwww.davidbossert.com
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