all about bipolar disorder
TRANSCRIPT
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: [email protected]
Disclaimer
Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating states of depression and mania Formerly called manic-depressive disorder Characterized by two (bi-) opposing poles
(-polar) of emotion Doom of depression and lack of inhibition of
mania directly contradict each other
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar I – Most extreme form of disorder involving a manic or mixed episode (alternation between depression and mania within a day for several days) as well as a depressive episode
Bipolar II – Involves hypomania (less severe than mania: lack of psychotic hallucinations or delusions)
Cyclothymic disorder – Hypomania with relatively mild depressive periods
Frequent cycling between emotional poles may also occur
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Depressive state Lethargy Feelings of worthlessness Loss of interest in loved ones and friends Lack of motivation to carry out tasks and take part
in activities Mania
Hyperactive euphoria Extreme optimism, but disposition to irritation Lack of inhibitions (may lead to reckless and
irresponsible choices) Overactive, over energetic, and restless Creativity surges
Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder
Although many symptoms of mania can be maladaptive, mania has historically shown to bring boosted creativity which many harnessed in their music, texts, and other works Poet Walt Whitman Author Virginia Woolf Author Samuel Clemens (pen name Mark
Twain) Author Ernest Hemingway Artist Vincent van Gogh
Notable People with Bipolar Disorder
Notable People with Bipolar Disorder Pictured
From left to right, top to bottom: Twain, van Gogh, Whitman, Woolf, Hemingway
Gender-neutral disorder Affects men and women equally, but women may
mix and cycle between states more quickly and may be more inclined to depressive states than manic states
Found in all sorts of races, ages, social classes, and ethno cultural groups
Affects roughly 5.7 million American adults (2.6% of the United States population)
Up to 20% of those with bipolar disorder successfully complete suicide, reducing the expected life span by roughly 9 years
Strong hereditary influence with a heritability of 0.71
Facts, Statistics, and Demographics of Bipolar Disorder
One monozygotic (identical) twin with bipolar disorder predicts a corresponding diagnosis of the other twin in 70% of cases In contrast, one dizygotic (fraternal) twin with bipolar
disorder predicts a corresponding diagnosis of the other twin in less than 20% of cases
Neurotransmitter imbalances due to gene coding variations relevant to bipolar disorder Noradrenaline and serotonin relevant to bipolar disorder
Excessive levels in mania and inadequate levels in depression
Some theorize dopamine and glutamate to be involved in psychotic symptoms of Bipolar I mania
Biochemical Basis of Bipolar Disorder
Omega-3 fatty acid may aid brain function and may be effective in combatting depression and bipolar disorder Found in walnuts and fish
Manic states involve sped up and increased brain activity
Depressed states involve slowed down and decreased brain activity
Physiologically, those with bipolar disorder may have smaller frontal lobes (if left untreated), progressively shrinking amygdalae, and enlarged ventricles
The Brain and Bipolar Disorder
The Brain and Bipolar Disorder Visualized
From left to right, top to bottom: PET scans of alternating emotional states, enlarged ventricle imaging, amygdala shrinkage graphs
There are many false notions about bipolar disorder: Mania is better and safer than depression Bipolar disorder is an official name for mood swings One will inevitably end up with bipolar disorder if it runs
in the family People with bipolar disorder are dangerous and tend to
violently affect other Depressive episodes just need some positive thinking The euphoria of mania balances out the hopelessness of
depression, so bipolar disorder isn’t all that bad Mania is fun Bipolar disorder is an excuse for inability to deal with the
real world
Common Myths about Bipolar Disorder
Several truths contradict the myths of bipolar disorder: Reckless choices surrounding mania can pose serious
danger to one’s health, relationships, and career Strong biological influence, but there is no guarantee
of passing on bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental illness: there is no
“toughing it out” and thinking positively isn’t the panacea some may treat it to be
People with bipolar disorder are not significantly more likely to cause external violence than others despite some suicidal tendencies
Truths about Bipolar Disorder
Medication Lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotic drugs,
benzodiazepines, antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy
Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy Behavioral therapy Cognitive-behavioral therapy Interpersonal (relationship-based) therapy
Managing a balanced and healthy lifestyle Regular sleep and eating Avoid alcohol and drugs
Treating Bipolar Disorder
I feel overloaded and disconnected from the real world with false sensations and thoughts…
During psychosis…
I can identify and work with my thoughts and reduce stress on myself and my relationships…
When I have therapy…