*

* located in Milwaukie, Oregon

54 55Unit 5

Before You Read Match the phrases below with the correct explanation for each one.

7. Why did Will leave his job at the Battle Creek Sanitarium? a. He was not being paid enough. b. He and his brother argued about the business. c. He needed more time to develop his cornflakes recipe. d. He wanted to start his own company.

8. What does the text suggest about Will Kellogg? a. He was not interested in nutrition. b. He had always wanted to be rich. c. He was generous to others. d. He was very similar to his brother.

Questions 9-10 refer to sections A, B, C, and D.9. Which texts mention problems connected to eating cereals? a. A and B c. A, C, and D b. A and C d. all sections

10. What can be inferred about breakfast cereals? a. Most people know the ingredients in cereals. b. It’s important to know what they contain. c. There were more varieties of cereals available

100 years ago than today. d. Cereals are not as popular as they were in the

early 1900s.

Question 1 refers to section A.1. Why does Mrs. Hunt ask the parents for information? a. to make sure no one is given unsuitable food b. to help the children with their project work c. to check if parents agree to the field trip d. to find out if the children eat healthily

Questions 2-3 refer to section B.2. What is the purpose of the text? a. to publicize a special event b. to explain how cereals are made c. to advertise a place of interest d. to encourage parents to teach their kids about cereals

3. Why does the text mention the “good old days”? a. to show that products are made in the traditional way b. to emphasize how old Bob’s Red Mill factory is c. to contrast the factory’s products with others d. to explain the history of the company

All About Food5

Questions 4-5 refer to section C.4. What is the writer’s opinion of many children’s cereals? a. They are unsuitable for adults. b. Children will only eat them if they contain chocolate. c. They are the best choice for schoolchildren. d. They contain unnecessary ingredients.

5. In the second sentence of paragraph 3, what does them refer to?

a. children b. artificial colorings c. children’s cereals d. sugar and salt

Questions 6-8 refer to section D.6. Why did Will Kellogg start making cereals? a. He wanted to be a successful businessman. b. He was trying to impress his brother. c. It was part of his job at the sanitarium. d. A doctor advised him to eat more healthily.

1. A nutritious meal

2. Dairy products

3. Not edible

4. No artificial ingredients

5. Soft drinks available here

...... a. You cannot eat it.

...... b. They sell fizzy drinks.

...... c. This meal is good for you.

...... d. They are made from milk.

...... e. The product is completely natural.

A

Tour the place where Bob’s famous whole-grain cereals are made. A visit to our factory is a fun and educational outing, with edible treats along the way!

• Watch wheat being ground into flour using actual grinding

stones just like in the “good old days”.

• Walk down the factory aisles with our “Grain Guides” and

watch employees operating state-of-the-art machines when

packaging our products.

• End your tour at our Visitor’s Center for the highlight of your

visit with delicious samples of our organic cereals and cookies!

• Visit our café for a wide variety of healthy foods, from

gluten-free pancakes to our specialty sandwiches.

Tours at 10 am, Mon-Fri. Call ahead to make a reservation. Tel: (503) 654-3215

B

Dear Parents,

A field trip for the 7th grade to Bob’s Red Mill is scheduled for Wednesday, March 16. Admission is free, but the cost of transportation is $5 per child. The trip is part of our work this semester on nutrition and healthy eating. Students will see how breakfast cereals and other whole-grain products are produced, and learn more about the ingredients that go into them. The students can also sample different kinds of freshly baked cereals straight from the oven.

Please indicate on the permission slip attached if your child has an allergy to wheat, dairy products or nuts.

Sincerely yours,Mrs. J. HuntMrs. Hunt7th grade teacher

Will Keith Kellogg (1860-1951) was born and brought up in Battle Creek, Michigan. He left school at the age of 14 but despite this, he went on to become a successful businessman. He founded a company that changed the breakfast cereal industry forever.

In 1880, he joined his older brother, Dr. J.H. Kellogg, who was running a health resort called Battle Creek Sanitarium. Employed at a low salary, Will was nonetheless involved in many aspects of the business, and his duties included developing nutritious food to serve to the guests. The brothers discovered how to make toasted wheat flakes, which they then began selling by mail order. Kellogg also developed a recipe for flakes made of corn – cornflakes – and their cereal business started to grow.Several disagreements over how to run their new business resulted in Will leaving to start his own cereal company. With his hard work and clever marketing, his company became the world’s leading cereal producer and Kellogg himself became a millionaire. He never felt comfortable with his great wealth, however, and gave away large amounts of money. In 1930, he set up the Kellogg’s Child Welfare Foundation, which remains one of the largest charities in the USA.

MillMillBob’sBob’sRedRed

Part 2 Read the four texts on pages 54-55 and answer questions 1-10 below. Reading

C

D

WWWOODWARD SCHOOL

FOOD & HEALTH45

Many busy people no longer have time for breakfast. However, it is often considered the most important meal of the day. Skipping breakfast may mean we don’t obtain our daily quota of vitamins and other essential nutrients. Breakfast is even more important for growing children – in fact, studies show that eating breakfast helps children do better in school. So what should we be putting on the family breakfast table? A bowl of cereal with milk is the obvious answer. Cereals are typically low-fat and cholesterol-free, and are an excellent source of iron and vitamins. Milk is an important part of any child’s diet, and one which is all too often replaced by soft drinks.

Choose your cereal carefully though – children’s breakfast cereals may not be the best option. Many contain high levels of sugar and salt as well as artificial colorings to make them look more attractive. It’s a myth that kids won’t eat cereals if they are not chocolate-flavored or shaped like a cartoon character. There are dozens of healthier kinds of cereals available – think about serving pure cereals, like granola, and adding fresh fruit to give your children an even better start to the day.

A Good Start to the Day!

35124

11

99

1010

22

33

5

6

8

7

10

4

9

1010

10

VocabularyWords from the Text

A Match the phrases (1-7) with the explanations (a-g).

...... 1. field trip (Text A)

...... 2. freshly baked (Text A)

...... 3. highlight of your visit (Text B)

...... 4. call ahead (Text B)

...... 5. skipping breakfast (Text C)

...... 6. founded a company (Text D)

...... 7. mail order (Text D)

a. that have just been prepared

b. the most exciting part of the trip

c. set up a business

d. phone before (visiting)

e. not eating a meal in the morning

f. educational excursion

g. buying and having something delivered

B Circle the correct word.

SWEET NOTHINGS Sugar gives food a sweet flavor but has no real nutritional value. It (1) contains / obtains nothing but calories. That’s why foods with lots of sugar should only be eaten as (2) specialties / treats. Today, to reduce our sugar intake, there are (3) lines / dozens of foods available that contain (4) artificial / unique sweeteners instead of sugar. Everything from bread to breakfast (5) recipes / cereals, and from diet soda to other kinds of (6) pure / soft drinks are advertised as low in sugar. In fact, sales of artificial sweeteners have recently reached over $3 billion.

Doctors, however, are worried that these (7) products / industries are not healthy either. They warn us that in addition to being unhealthy, eating these low-sugar foods may prevent us from developing a taste for foods that are more (8) nutritious / attractive. What’s more, low-sugar foods may actually contain a lot of calories because more flour and other (9) varieties / ingredients are added in place of the sugar.

Expansion

C Phrasal Verbs – out Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. The meaning in color can help you.

come • run • get • make • eat • set • pick • try

1. “I don’t really feel like cooking tonight.” “OK. Let’s ...................... out.” have a meal

in a restaurant

E Adjective suffixes -ive / -al / -ous / -y 1. Form adjectives for the words (1-20) using one

of the suffixes above. Make any necessary changes.

1. nutrition...... 8. health...... 15. addition......

2. produce...... 9. attract...... 16. effect......

3. education...... 10. taste...... 17. salt......

4. thirst...... 11. include...... 18. origin......

5. hunger...... 12. impress...... 19. critic......

6. spice...... 13. luxury...... 20. trend......

7. space...... 14. number......

2. Find at least three adjectives in Exercise 1 that describe:

• a person .................... .................... ....................

• a meal .................... .................... ....................

• a restaurant .................... .................... ....................

f

2. ................ bread 5. ................ sausages

3. ................ cheese 6. ................ an egg

1. ................ onions 4. ................ a sauce

F Easily Confused Words Circle the correct word.

1. If you like the soup, is it tasty or tasteful?

2. If you go to the doctor, will he write you a recipe or a prescription for medication?

3. Is a top chef an excellent cook or cooker?

4. If you accidentally drop your glass, do you spill or pour your drink?

5. Is too much sugar fatty or fattening?

6. If you make bread, do you roast or bake it?

7. If you like one food in particular, is that your favorite dish or plate?

8. If you are at a restaurant, do you look at the menu or catalog before you order?

9. Do you get dressed in a suit and tie at a formal or typical dinner?

10. If you squeeze your own oranges, is the juice natural or physical?

Exam Practice

Circle the correct answer.

1. My next check-up at the doctor is .... for April 10. a. slipped c. sampled b. skipped d. scheduled

2. Joan mixed the .... together in the bowl before baking the cake.

a. flour c. ingredients b. cereal d. nutrition

3. This store has a whole range of .... products. a. formal c. dull b. fatty d. dairy

4. The university was .... in 1875. a. contained c. founded b. obtained d. produced

5. My sister helped me .... out the right clothes to wear to the interview.

a. pick c. come b. choose d. make

6. Uncle Joe gives the kids little .... when he visits. a. tastes c. plates b. treats d. products

7. You can find fruit and vegetables in the first .... of the store.

a. aisle c. timetables b. column d. trends

8. The pie was delicious so I asked Sue for the .... . a. prescription c. menu b. catalog d. recipe

Gerunds• as the subject of a sentence Eating a lot of fast food is unhealthy.• after prepositions Lucy is interested in studying about nutrition.• after certain verbs and expressions I’m looking forward to seeing you.

Infinitives• after certain verbs (+ object) Jane hopes to meet nice people in her new job. Tom asked me to go to a movie with him tonight.• after certain adjectives I was surprised to hear the news about Bill.• with the first / the last and with superlatives Rick is always the first to know the latest news.

Notes

• Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with no change in meaning.

Tony loves to bake / baking.

• Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive, but there is a change in meaning.

He’s on a diet so he’s stopped having lunch. He was hungry so he stopped to have lunch.

make / let + object + bare infinitive• Make expresses the idea that someone is

forced to do something. My parents make me tidy my room.• Let means allow. My brother lets me borrow his iPod.

A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in color.

1. Would you mind ...................... (help) me with this?

2. It’s no good ...................... (complain) about your weight if you’re not willing ...................... (change) your eating habits.

3. In addition to ...................... (tell) us about healthy eating, the cook showed us ways of ...................... (prepare) some delicious dishes.

4. We can’t afford ...................... (eat out) very often, but I enjoy ...................... (invite) friends over for dinner.

5. It’s difficult ...................... (be) sure that the food we buy is safe nowadays.

6. You should avoid ...................... (eat) fried foods if you’re trying ...................... (lose) weight.

7. Young people tend ...................... (prefer) junk food to traditional dishes.

8. ...................... (boil) vegetables for a long time destroys the vitamins in them.

helping

56 Unit 5 57

Grammar Gerunds and Infinitivesmake / let

See the Grammar Appendix, pages 141-142.

2. “Have you read Dr. Atwood’s diet book?” “No. When did it ...................... out?” be published

3. “Did you enjoy the cooking class you took?” “Yes! I ...................... a lot out of it.” benefit from an

experience

4. “Which cake shall we buy?” “I can’t decide – you ..................... one out!” choose

5. “Would you like to have breakfast?” “Yes, but don’t forget we’ve ...................... out of

eggs.” use up

6. “What kind of pie is this?” “Apple and raisin – I was ...................... out a new

recipe.” test

7. “The heating bill came today.” “Okay. I’ll ...................... out a check.” write

8. “How long will it take us to get to the picnic area?” “If we ...................... out at 10, we’ll be there around

lunchtime.” start a journey

D Related Words – Talking about Cooking What can you do with these foods? Label the pictures with the words below.

grate • fry • stir • chop • slice • boil

eat

attractive

nutritiousal

chop

abdecg

come

got

pick

run

trying

make

set

stir

slice fry

grate boil

iveal

yy

yous

yive

yiveive

ous

alive

yal

aly

ous

hungry productivehealthynutritious spicy

impressive trendyspacious

complainingto change

tellingpreparing

to eat outinviting

to be

eatingto lose

to prefer

Boiling

t

i

s

i

See Teacher’s Guide for extra answers.

C Complete the article with the correct relative pronouns.

KIDS – TIME TO START EATING BREAKFAST!

Research has shown that children (1) ......................... eat breakfast achieve higher math and reading scores. It is also believed that a shortage of vitamins or iron may be a reason (2) ......................... some children behave badly. At some U.S. schools, (3) ......................... breakfast is now served in the school cafeteria, behavior and grades have improved.

A healthy breakfast, (4) ......................... includes eggs or cereal, milk and fruit, not only contains the nutrients (5) ......................... young people need for growth, but it provides them with the energy to concentrate. Unfortunately, families today are often too busy to sit down and eat breakfast together. Children (6) ........................ parents leave for work early are unlikely to get breakfast at the beginning of the day, (7) ......................... a nutritious meal is so important. This can have an effect on their success at school.

B For each of the sentence beginnings below, mark the ending(s) which are possible.

1. We all expected …

...... to win the match. ...... having a good time. ...... you to arrive an hour ago.

2. I regret …

...... you to be ill. ...... spending so much money. ...... to say you have not passed the test.

3. The girl kept …

...... to look at her watch. ...... interrupting me. ...... me to wait for an hour.

4. I intend …

...... taking a long vacation soon. ...... us have lunch outside. ...... to be home by midnight.

5. His parents didn’t let …

...... him go to summer camp. ...... having a party. ...... him to buy a motorbike.

6. Sue was the last …

...... turning up. ...... to turn up. ...... that turned up.

7. Jerry wants …

...... me to help him. ...... that I will help him. ...... to get some help.

8. My sister suggested …

...... to have a picnic. ...... me to see the doctor. ...... sending her some flowers.

D Choose the correct phrase. Some of the phrases are relative clauses.

1. she told you I told you about who told you where you told me

a. The place ........................................ to meet you is too far away.

b. Jim must have been the person ..............................the secret.

c. Did you believe the story .................................. ?

d. Fran is the aunt .......................................... – the one who is a chef.

2. which was in in which that it was in when it was in

a. I used all the cheese ........................................ the refrigerator.

b. I told you .......................................... this closet. You should have looked more carefully!

c. This episode is the one ....................................... the hero is shot.

d. The cream should have been added to the mixture........................................ the bowl, not in the oven!

where you told me

58

who

59Unit 5

✓

✓

E Circle the correct word.

1. Wherever / Whatever you go, you can find a fast food restaurant.

2. You can invite whenever / whoever you like.

3. Take whatever / wherever you want.

4. Whatever / However you do, I’ll always love you.

5. You can choose whichever / whatever of the two guidebooks you prefer.

Exam Practice

Circle the correct answer.

1. When I was young, my parents made me .... all the food on my plate.

a. eating c. eat b. to eat d. ate

2. When you .... , just tell me. a. want to leave c. want leaving b. wanting leaving d. wanting to leave

3. You can get information by .... this number. a. calling c. which you call b. to call d. you call

4. “Dinner will be ready in an hour.” “That’s fine. I don’t mind .... .” a. to wait c. waiting b. that we waiting d. I wait

5. “Where’s she going?” “To the parking lot. She forgot .... her car.” a. locking c. lock b. to lock d. locked

6. Dr. Slones is the only dentist .... . a. I trust c. whose I trust b. who to trust d. I trust him

7. Was that the girl .... your calculator? a. who she borrowed c. that she borrowed b. who borrowed d. she borrowed

8. “I can’t make up my mind.” “.... you decide to do, I’ll support you.” a. What c. Whatever b. That d. Which

9. “Didn’t you know Ellen was leaving?” “No, I’m always the last .... any news.” a. hearing c. I hear b. that hear d. to hear

10. I highly recommend the restaurant .... forGreg’s birthday.

a. where we went c. which we went there b. that we went d. where we went there

Relative Clauses whoever / whatever / however / whichever / whenever / wherever

Defining relative clauses add essential information about the noun that comes before them.• The man who owns the dairy farm has invited

all schoolchildren to visit.• There are ads on the Internet which are hard

to ignore.• This is the shopping mall that Ann told us about.• The boy whose father has a health shop doesn’t

eat junk food.• This is the part of the shop where the bread is kept.• I’ll always remember the day when / that we visited

a chocolate factory.• He missed the bus. That’s the reason why he’s late.Notes • The relative pronoun that may be used to replace

who or which. • The relative pronouns who, that and which may be

omitted when they refer to the object of the relative clause.

The computer (that) we bought last week isn’t working.

This is the best chocolate cake (that) I’ve ever tasted.

Non-defining relative clauses add extra information about the noun. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.• The new shop, which opens next week, sells bread.• The Kellogg’s company, whose most famous product

is cornflakes, was founded by W.K. Kellogg.• We could visit Kalamata, where the famous olives

are grown.• Brian Randolph, who runs an organic farm, is a

successful businessman.

Notes• We cannot use that in non-defining relative clauses.• The relative pronoun who or which cannot be omitted.

whoever / whatever / however / whichever / whenever / wherever = it doesn’t matter who /what / how, etc.You can come over whenever you want; I’ll be home all day.

See the Grammar Appendix, page 143.

• candy• chips• fries• soda• cookie• stove• can (of food)

• sweet(s)• crisps• chips• fizzy drink• biscuit• cooker• tin

American English

British English

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

why

where

that / which

that / which

whose

when

who told you

she told youI told you about

which was in

that it was in

in which

when it was in

✓

C Work on language: Comparing

When you are talking about more than one solution to a problem, you may need to compare them and say which one is better. Don’t forget to use comparatives correctly. (For help, see the Grammar Appendix, pages 150-151.)

Speaking Part 2: Help Solve a Problem

A Getting ready Answer the questions below.

• What kind of sports do you play? Do you think you get enough exercise?

• How often do you eat healthy food? How much junk food do you eat?

• In your opinion, which is an easier way to lose weight – going on a strict diet or eating healthy foods and exercising? Which is better for you?

B Read the task below. Who are you giving advice to? What should you do to get information about the problem?

Your SkillsListening The dialogues in Part 1 of the Listening test

often include references to food or objects found in the kitchen.

A Look at the pictures below and label them.

frying pan • toaster • cutlery • kettle • carton • towel

Exam Practice: Part 1

You will hear eight short conversations. Each is followed by a question. Circle the correct answer.

B Now listen to six short dialogues. Match each one to the correct picture in Exercise A.

C Agreeing and Disagreeing Read the dialogues below. Is the answer yes or no? Pay attention to the phrase in color.

1. “Shall I make you one?” “You bet!” ............

2. “What about using these glasses?” “Best not to.” ............

3. “Just pick up some orange juice, could you?” “Sure thing!” ...........

4. “Will they be able to help?” “I guess so.” ............

5. “Is it OK if I make myself some coffee?” “By all means.” ............

6. “Could you lend me the money?” “It’s out of the question.” ............

7. “Can I try your ice cream?” “Go ahead.” ............

8. “Are these sandwiches for us? “Help yourself.” ...........

D Listen to three dialogues and answer the questions below. Note down the phrase which the speaker used that gave you the answer.

Dialogue 1. Will the woman bring potato chips to the meeting? ...............

....................................................................

Dialogue 2. Will the man have dessert? ...............

....................................................................

Dialogue 3. Will the couple go out for dinner tonight?

............... ..................................................

a. ................... b. ................... c. ...................

yes

carton

d. ................... e. ...................

SituationI am a friend of yours and I have a problem. Find out what my problem is and offer me some good advice.

FirstYou should first look at the pictures below and ask:

• Who is the person?

• What is the problem?

• What are the options?

• What is the advantage of each solution?

Then When you have all the information you need, explain which option you think would be best and why. You can choose one of the solutions given in the pictures or suggest your own solution. Remember to use the information you learn from asking questions to explain your ideas.

60 61Unit 5

Complete the following sentences with the correct comparative form.

1. I think it’s .............................. (good) to exercise than to go on a diet.

2. You feel .............................. (energetic) when you eat healthy food.

3. They say that exercise makes you feel ...................... (stressed) as well as making you .............................. (fit).

4. Fruit and vegetables are .............................. (nutritious) than fast foods.

5. Exercising at home is not .............................. (enjoyable) as playing sports with friends.

D Work with a partner 1. Do the task with a partner.

When you are listening, if the speakers agree about something shown in one of the pictures, write ✓next to that picture. When they disagree, write ✗. This can help you answer the question.

forget it

no

A

8.

7.

6.

$65 $90$150

5.

4.

3.

2.

B C

1.

f. ...................

Student A: Follow the instructions in the task in Exercise B. Use the Speaking Guide to help you.

Student B: You are the examiner. Turn to page 154 and use the information to answer Student A’s questions.

2. Discuss the following questions.

• There is too much pressure on young people to be thin. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?

• Do you think it’s important to exercise?

Help Solve a Problem

Remember• Ask questions to find out what the problem is and what

possible solutions there are.

• Choose a solution from the task or suggest your own.

• Say why the solution you chose is better than the others. Use comparatives to do this.

Introducing your own ideasThere is another way.

Of course, there is something else that he / she could try.

If I were you, I’d suggest something else. He / She should …

Personally, I think …

I wonder if … has thought of … (+ing)

SPEAKING

G U I D E

The instructions tell you that you can suggest your own solution. This is a good idea because you can show that you know a wide range of vocabulary. But don’t ignore the two choices offered. Discuss them with the examiner first.

A B C

A B C

A B C

A B C

A B C

A B C

A B C

kettle toaster

frying pan cutlerytowel

no

yes

yes

yes

no

yes

yes

noI’m afraid … / That’s a shame.

There’s no way …no

a friend (the examiner), ask four questions

better

more energetic

less stressedfitter

more nutritious

as enjoyable

5 2 6

341

Accept all logical answers.

See Teacher’s Guide for model speaking.

See Teacher’s Guide for possible answers.

WRITING

G U I D E

Letter : Expressing a Preference

Writing Letter : Expressing a Preference

A Lead-in Discuss the following statements with your classmates. Say what is true for you.

• I hardly ever have breakfast. I prefer to skip it.

• I believe that what you eat for breakfast can affect how well you do at school.

• I think we should learn about nutrition at school.

B Working with a task 1. Read and analyze the task

Read the newspaper article and the task. Then answer the questions that follow.

• Who are you writing to?

• What are the two proposals you have to discuss? Underline them in the article.

• What should you give your opinion about?

• What kind of examples are you asked to include?

2. Brainstorm ideas

1. Do you think students would eat breakfast at school?

2. Give some examples of the kinds of things young people eat for breakfast. How healthy are they?

3. How much do teenagers know about healthy eating? How do you think they would react to having classes on nutrition?

4. Which of the proposals in the article do you prefer? Give at least two reasons why.

School Nutrition ProgramOur local high school may become the first school in the state to begin a free breakfast program. In a new nationwide program, whose aim is to improve young people’s health, school cafeterias offer a free breakfast of cereal, milk and fruit every day. However, some school officials are critical of this program. They believe that the breakfast program is a waste of money, and insist that offering classes on nutrition for our students would be a better alternative.

TASK A: LETTER Write a letter to the newspaper giving your opinion on the two proposals. Say which proposal you think is better. Explain your ideas and give examples from your personal experience. Begin your letter, Dear Editor.

4. Organize your ideas Complete the plan according to the model.

...................................

...................................

...................................

...................................

1. Read and analyze the task.

What must you write?

Who is going to read this?

What proposal must you discuss?

What must you give your opinion about?

2. Brainstorm ideas.

What kind of food could a health food bar sell?

healthy snacks / whole-wheat sandwiches / fresh fruit juices / food with high nutritional value

How popular would it be with students / parents / school officials?

beneficial / worthwhile / advisable

pointless / (un)popular / a waste of time / expensive

young people are (not) health conscious

teenagers prefer tasty / unhealthy snacks

they are (not) aware of the benefits of healthy eating

teenagers care about their weight / figures

parents / school officials would welcome /

be against the move because of operating costs

What are the advantages / disadvantages of vending machines?

cheap / no operating costs / profit for schools

often don’t sell healthy food / fresh fruit / drinks

3. Organize your ideas. Follow the plan on page 62.

4. Write your letter. Think about language. Remember to use connectors like the ones below to link your ideas.

Adding ideas in addition, / moreover, / furthermore, / as well / also

Contrasting however, / although / despite / in spite of

Giving examples for instance, / for example, / such as

Giving personal examples In my experience, /As far as I know, / As a … , I …

Summarizing To sum up, / In conclusion,

5. Check your letter carefully. Make sure your paragraphs are well organized and that you’ve used a wide range of vocabulary.

62 63Unit 5

3. Working with a model Read a model answer. Which proposal does the writer prefer? Does he use any of your ideas?

Dear Editor,

I read the article in the newspaper about how to improve the eating habits of students at school. As a teenager, I think the best idea would be to offer free breakfasts every day.

Breakfast is believed to be the most important meal of the day, yet many children do not have time to eat at home. They often eat croissants or pies, which are not very nutritious, on their way to school. Offering free breakfasts would help young people make healthy choices. I also think pupils would enjoy socializing with their friends during the meal.

Although classes on nutrition can be useful, I do not believe they would be as effective as free breakfasts. Teenagers prefer to make their own choices rather than listen to advice. Moreover, learning about nutrition would not improve eating habits if healthy foods were not available in the cafeteria or in stores near the school.

I believe that students would be more likely to eat a good breakfast if it were provided at school. I therefore think that the free breakfast program should be introduced.

I hope you will take my opinion into account.

Sincerely,

Chris Makris

5. Think about language A. Topic sentences The writer discusses one

proposal in each paragraph. He introduces ideas in the topic sentence, then he develops the ideas and gives examples in the rest of the paragraph.

1. Underline the topic sentences in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of the model letter.

2. How do the supporting sentences in Paragraph 2 relate to the topic sentence? Match.

a. Sentence 2 ..... presents a solution

b. Sentence 3 ..... gives a result

c. Sentence 4 ..... gives another benefit

B. Linking ideas Help your reader understand how your ideas are linked. Complete the sentences below using connectors from the list in step 4 in the Writing Guide.

1. It is not difficult to prepare nutritious meals at home. ...................... , many people prefer to buy ready-made meals.

2. Young people do not always choose food and drinks that are healthy. ...................... , they prefer canned drinks to fresh juice.

3. Fresh juices should be sold at school. ..................... , a range of healthy sandwiches could be provided.

C. Vocabulary You can improve your writing by using a wide range of vocabulary. Try to replace simple words like good or bad with more specific words like effective or harmful.

1. Underline positive adjectives in the model.

2. Complete with a suitable adjective from step 2 in the Writing Guide.

a. Carbonated soft drinks are said to be u...................... .

b. I think it may be w...................... to advertise milk so that young people understand how b...................... it is.

c. Fast food is generally more p...................... than salad. However, it has little or no n...................... value.

d. It’s p...................... to tell young people to eat healthily if good foods are unavailable.

C Your task Read the newspaper article and the task below.

Follow the steps in the Writing Guide to help you write your letter.

Refreshment Bar for Students? Some schools are considering providing a refreshment bar where students can sit and enjoysnacks as well as hot and cold drinks. Another option is to have a local food company install vending machines containing potato chips, candy bars and soft drinks. The parents would like the refreshment bar to sell healthy food, but school officials are concerned that healthy snacks like fruit and salads would not be popular enough with students to cover the costs.

TASK A: LETTER Write a letter to the newspaper giving your opinion of the two proposals. Say which of them you think is preferable. Explain your ideas and give examples from your personal experience. Begin your letter, Dear Editor.

Detailed Plan

a

General Plan for a Letter Expressing a Preference

Opening Par. 1 Introduce the topic and statewhich proposal you support.

Par. 2Give reasons for choosing one proposal.

Par. 3Give reasons against the other proposal.

Conclusion Par. 4Restate the proposal you prefer.

editor of a newspaper

both proposalsand which one is better

examplesfrom your own experience

Accept all logical answers.

I read the article … offer free breakfasts

help young people make healthy choices / socializing at breakfast

teens don’t listen to adviceno healthy food at / near school

introduce free breakfast program

b

c

However

For example

In addition

nhealthyorthwhile

eneficial

opularutritional

ointless

the proposal for free breakfasts

Ex. 5A1

Ex. 5A1

See Teacher’s Guide for model writing.

See model, page 62 for answers.

See model for bracketed answers.

VocabularyCircle the correct answer.

1. Diet sodas contain .... sweeteners. a. attractive b. artificial c. productive d. additional

2. I can’t drink milk. I’m allergic to .... products. a. fizzy b. spicy c. dairy d. tasty

3. I’ve ordered some new clothes from this mail order .... .

a. menu b. catalog c. prescription d. delivery

4. If we .... out early in the morning, there will be less traffic.

a. pick b. try c. set d. run

5. My aunt .... her own bread every day. a. cooks b. roasts c. boils d. bakes

6. The .... of our vacation was a cruise down the river.

a. highlight b. specialty c. impression d. memory

7. Fish is a very good .... of protein and vitamins. a. level b. grade c. source d. sample

8. I don’t drink wine. Can I have a .... drink instead? a. soft b. thirsty c. pure d. tasteful

9. I’m afraid a loan is .... . We are not allowed to lend money to anyone under 21.

a. in favor b. out of the question c. by all means d. at a later date

10. Did you know that the museum building was.... a prison?

a. firstly b. naturally c. originally d. physically

GrammarCircle the correct answer.

21. The hotel was .... decorated. a. tasted b. tasteful c. tastefully d. tasty

22. The orphanage was founded .... 1842. a. in b. by c. of d. to

23. We should .... ahead to check the opening times before we set off for the museum.

a. go b. call c. look d. run

24. “What time does the mall close?”“.... I know, it’s open till 9 every night.”

a. As far b. As far as c. As much d. Such as

25. “Can you work late tonight?”“I guess .... . I don’t have any other plans.”

a. yes b. it c. so d. to

26. .... I don’t usually like spicy food, I enjoyed my dinner at the Indian restaurant.

a. However b. Despite c. Although d. Moreover

27. “It’s my grandmother’s birthday tomorrow – what can I get her?”“Have you thought of .... her a fruit basket?”

a. send b. to send c. be sent d. sending

28. “Let’s go camping next weekend.”“I don’t think my parents would .... that.”

a. let to do b. let me to do c. let me doing d. let me do

29. We’ve been working hard all morning. Let’s stop .... some lunch.

a. have b. and having c. having d. to have

30. .... your own restaurant must be hard work. a. Run b. The running c. Running d. You run

64

11. Dad will never change his mind, so it’s .... talking to him.

a. pointless b. worthwhile c. formal d. advisable

12. All biology students go on a .... trip in October. a. taste b. treat c. field d. route

13. A glass of orange juice is more .... than a canned drink.

a. edible b. energetic c. luxurious d. nutritious

14. There are .... attractions for children on the tour.

a. numerous b. nutritional c. typical d. adventurous

15. More than a million people in this country work in the food .... .

a. aisle b. industry c. refreshments d. facilities

16. You can .... discount coupons by calling this phone number.

a. contain b. obtain c. operate d. indicate

17. We think about 100 guests will come but the .... number might be higher.

a. natural b. inclusive c. actual d. organic

18. Glenda prepared several delicious .... for us to try. a. slices b. cutlery c. plates d. dishes

19. I’m watching my figure so I’m going on a diet to .... weight.

a. miss b. disappear c. lose d. take

20. He carefully .... the milk out of the carton. a. spilled b. chopped c. poured d. stirred

31. The factory is .... open to the public. a. not long b. no longer c. any longer d. so long

32. “What should we do this afternoon?”“I suggest .... some cookies.”

a. baking b. to bake c. we are baking d. that bake

33. “Can I borrow your iPhone?”“You bet, but I expect .... it to me immediately.”

a. you to return b. that you return c. returning d. you’ll return

34. “Did you really build those shelves yourself?”“Sure. It’s easy .... them up if you know how.”

a. putting b. you put c. you to put d. to put

35. Look – that’s the gift store .... . Let’s go in. a. Jenny told us about b. which Jenny told us c. that Jenny told about d. who Jenny told

36. Deborah makes cookies .... are tastier than those from the bakery.

a. whatever b. which c. they d. which they

37. Max drinks too much soda. That’s the reason .... his teeth are so bad.

a. where b. which c. why d. because

38. Lots of Beth’s friends came to her birthday party, .... in a pizza restaurant.

a. that was held b. which was held c. was held d. where it was held

39. That’s the girl .... father is a chef. I bet she knows how to cook.

a. who b. whose c. which d. that her

40. Welcome to our restaurant. You may sit .... you like.

a. wherever b. in which c. where that d. in where

65 Review Unit 5

Review Unit 5