All About Sentence Parts (and why you care)

Take Notes on this:

•Define “clause”

•Define “phrase”

•Define and differentiate 2 types of clauses

•Identify and give examples of 2 types of conjunctions

•Define and write examples of 3 sentence types

Clauses and Phrases

both are groups of words

A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb

A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb

Clauses and Phrases

A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb

A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb

Americans must be on time for everything

on time

for everything

Clause or Phrase?

walking on the shore

Loudly called his name

With yellow and red polka dots

It was

Americans with power

They care too much

P

P

P

P

C

C

Clauses

Clauses are the essential building blocks of sentences

The number of clauses in a sentence determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence.

ClausesThe number of clauses in a sentences determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence

1 clause

= Simple sentence

=American must be on time for everything

0 clause

must be on time for everything

Fragment==

Types of Clauses

independent dependent

Can stand alone as a sentence

Cannot stand alone as a sentence

Ex: Americans love their freedom.

Ex: because Americans love their freedom.

Dependent Clauses

Subordinate clauses

Start with a subordinating conjunction

EX: because, while, although, as,

so that,

Relative Clauses

Start with a relative pronoun

Ex: that, which, who

Dependent or Independent ?

Americans value material goods

that in some countries, tradition is more important than it is in America

who consider hard work more valuable than inheritance

Time matters

independent

dependent

dependent

independent

Conjunctions

Connect sentence parts

Coordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

for, and, nor, but, or,

yet, so

Although, because, so that, if,

since

Connect equal parts Connect unequal parts

Compare Subordination and Coordination

Coordination

We care about our country, but we care more about individual rights

Subordination

Although we care about our country, we care more about individual rights Two INDEPENDENT

clauses carry equal grammatical weight

Subordinate clause carries LESS grammatical weight

than independent clause

Sentence types

Simple Sentence

One independent

clauseAmericans value work.Generally,

hard

Sentence types

Compoun

d

Sentence

Two (or more) independent

clauses

Americans value work, and they value its rewards.

Sentence types

Complex

Sentence

One (or more) independent

clause(s) and one (or more) dependent

clause(s)

Since Americans value hard work,

they also value its rewards.

Finding the Subject

•The subject of the sentence is in the INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

•The subject of the sentence cannot be in a prepositional phrase

•A compound sentence will have more than one subject.

Finding the Subject

•Around my house my mother is the Queen.S

,

•When it snows we warm up her car and

we scrape all the snow off of it. S

S ,,

Punctuating Using Clauses

I C +, + I C = Comma Splice

I C = I ndependent ClauseSimple Sentence (SS)

I C + I C = Run On (BAD)

(BAD)

Punctuating Using Clauses

IC +, FB + IC CS = Compound SentenceGood!

IC + ; IC CS = Compound Sentence

Good!

My mother loves us, and we love her.

My mother loves us; we love her.

Punctuating Using Clauses

SC = subordinate clause

SC+, + ICComplex Sentence

CXGOOD!

IC + SCComplex Sentence

CXGOOD!

Although she is young, she is wise.

She is wise although she is young

Punctuating Using Clauses

I C+RC+SC = Complex Sentence(CX)

SC+, I C+ RC = Complex

Sentence (CX)

Punctuating Using Clauses

Words or phrases before the subject that are not PART of the subject are separated from the subject with a comma

Even though she is working a lot, at

8:00 am she will arrive on time and ready for her class.

,

,

On Labor Day we will not have class.S

S