all about words list

8/3/2019 All About Words List

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eclectic/klek.tk/adjective FORMALMethods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine whatever seem the best or

most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single

systeman eclecticstyle/approachan eclectictaste in literature

eclectically /klek.t.kli/adverb

eclecticism /klek.t.s.z m/noun [ U ]

assorted adjassortment nchequered adj GOOD AND BAD 1choice n VARIETY 2cross n MIXTURE 4crucible n MIX 3diversity neclecticism n, at eclectic (adj)

farrago nheterogeneity n, at heterogeneous (adj)hodgepodge nhotchpotch njumble n MIXTURE 1medley n MIXTURE 1mlange nmelting pot nmiscellaneous adjmiscellany n MIXTURE 1mishmash nmix n COMBINE 1mixed adj 1mixed bag nmixture n 1mongrel adjmultiplicity nodds and ends npanoply npatchwork n 2plurality n DIFFERENT 2potpourri n 2ragbag nselection n 2sundries n

sundry adjvariety n TYPE 3variously advcheckered adj, at chequered (adj) GOOD AND BAD 1hodgepodge n, at hotchpotch (n)odds and sods n, at odds and ends (n)all shapes and sizesin any shape or formall manner of sth


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It takes all sorts (to make a world).of every stripethis and thatthis, that and the other, at this and thatVariety is the spice of life.

egregious /gri.ds/adjective FORMALDISAPPROVINGoften of mistakes, extremely bad

It was an egregious errorfor a statesman to show such ignorance.acute adj EXTREME 1acutely adv EXTREMELY 1acuteness n, at acutely (adv) ACCURATELY/CLEVERLYchronic adj BAD 2critical adj SERIOUS 4critically adv, at critical (adj) SERIOUSdesperate adj SERIOUS 1dire adj 1

egregious adjfatal adj 2fatally adv, at fatal (adj)grave adjgravely adv, at grave (adj)gravity n SERIOUS 2grievous adjgrievously adv, at grievous (adj)heaviness n TO A GREAT DEGREE 2heavy adj TO A GREAT DEGREE 2serious adj BAD 1severe adj VERY SERIOUS 1severely adv NOT KINDLY 2

severity n SERIOUS 1stiff adj SEVERE 5stiffness n SEVERE 3stringent adj SEVERE 1stringency n, at stringent (adj) LIMITING MONEYstringently adv, at stringent (adj) LIMITING MONEYswingeing adjterminal adj EXTREME 3utmost adjuttermost adj, at utmost (adj)be no laughing mattermortal enemy/danger/threat, etc.

jettison /det..s n//det -/verb [ T ]1. to get rid of something or someone that is not wanted or needed

The station has jettisoned educational broadcasts.2. to decide not to use an idea or plan

We've had to jettison our holiday plans because of David's accident.3. to throw goods, fuel or equipment from a ship or aircraft to make it lighter

The captain was forced to jettison the cargo and make an emergency landing.


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abandonment n, at abandon (v) STOPbanish v 2bin vcarbon capture ncast v SKIN 14change v CLOTHES/BEDS 8

chase v GET RID OF 5clear-out ncut v REMOVE 3cut n PART REMOVED 6defoliate vdefoliation n, at defoliate (v)denude v 1discard v 1dismantle v 2disposal n 1ditch v GET RID OF 1doff vdrop v STOP 8

dump v GET RID OF 3dumping ndumping ground neliminate v 1eliminate v 2elimination n 1eradicate veradication n, at eradicate (v)erase v SOMETHING PAST 4erasure n, at erase (v) SOMETHING PASTevacuate vevacuation n, at evacuate (v)

expunge v 1expunge verb [ T ] FORMAL1. to rub off or remove information from a piece of writingHis name has been expungedfrom the list of members.

expurgate vexpurgate verb [ T usually passive ] FORMAL

to remove parts of a piece of writing that are considered likely to cause offenceThe book was expurgated to make it suitable for children.

expurgated adj, at expurgate (v)expurgation n, at expurgate (v)flay v 1fly-tipping nfly-tipping noun [ U ]

illegally leaving things that you do not want next to a road, in fields, in rivers,

etc.

fly-tip v, at fly-tipping (n)jettison v 1jettison v 3junk v


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leach vlose v NOT HAVE 6neutralization n, at neutralize (v) CHEMISTRY/ELECTRICITYoff adv GET RID OF 8offload vpick v REMOVE 3

purge v REMOVE PEOPLE 1purge nscrap v THROW AWAY 2scrape v REMOVE 1shake v GET RID OF 8shed v GET RID OF 1shed v GET RID OF 2shift v GET RID OF 3shoo vslough vstrike v REMOVE 7strip v REMOVE COVER 1strip v REMOVE PARTS 3

strip v REMOVE PARTS 4tip v RUBBISH 8carbon capture and storage n, at carbon capture (n)CCS n, at carbon capture (n)neutralisation n, at neutralization (n)dump v, at tip (v) RUBBISH 8cast sb/sth aside/offcast sb/sth outchuck sth away/outdispense with sth/sbdispose of sb/sthdo away with sth

fling sth/sb outflush sth outfree sb from/of sthpension sth offrid sb/sth of sth/sbshrug sth off NOT KEEP 2shuck sth off 2shuffle sth offsling sth outslough sth off 1slough sth off 2take sth down REMOVE 1throw sth away/out

toss sth asideturf sth outwalk sth offweed sth/sb outwork sth offby a process of eliminationflush sth down the toiletget rid of sth agood riddance (to bad rubbish)


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get/be shot of sthdrop sb/sth like a hot potatodrop it/the subjectconsign sth to the dustbinchuck/throw/toss sth/sb overboardbe scattered to the four winds

see the back of sb/sththrow the baby out with the bath-water

charisma /krz.m/noun [ U ]a special power which some people have naturally which makes them able to

influence other people and attract their attention and admirationOn screen Garbo had this great charisma so that you couldn't take your eyes off

her.How did a man ofso little personal charisma get to be prime minister?

affinity n 1allure n

appeal n QUALITY 3appeal v ATTRACT 4arrest v ATTRACT NOTICE 3attract v 1attract v 2attraction n 2bait n OFFER 2beckon v 2become v SUIT 2beguile vbewitch v 1captivate vcharisma n

charm n ATTRACTION 1charm vcharm offensive nchemistry n RELATIONSHIP 2come-on n 2counterattraction ncrowd-puller ncuteness n, at cute (adj) CLEVERdisarm v PERSONALITY 2draw v ATTRACT 2draw n ATTRACTION 1enchant v PLEASE 1enchantment n, at enchant (v) MAGICentice venticement n, at entice (v)glamorousness n, at glamorous (adj)glamour nglitter n EXCITEMENT 1incentive nlure n 1lure v


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magnet n ATTRACTION 2magnetism n ATTRACTIVE QUALITY 1modesty n CLOTHES/BEHAVIOUR 3pull v ATTRACT 4pull n ATTRACTION 3pull n ATTRACTION 4

pulling power nseduce v ATTRACT 2seduce v ATTRACT 3seduction n ATTRACTING 1seductiveness n, at seductive (adj) ATTRACTINGspellbinder nsuavity n, at suave (adj)tantalize vtantalizing adjtantalizingly adv, at tantalizing (adj)tempt v 1temptation n 2glamor n, at glamour (n)

tantalise v, at tantalize (v)tantalising adj, at tantalizing (adj)tantalisingly adv, at tantalizingly (adv)jump out at sbcatch someone's attention/imagination/interest, etc.draw your eye(s)charm the pants off sbbe under sb's spelltickle your fancy

charismatic /kr.zmt.k//-mt -/adjective CHARACTER1. describes a person who has charismaFew were able to resist this charismatic and persuasive leader.

adorable adjaesthetic adj 1aesthetic adj 2aesthetically adv, at aesthetic (adj)alluring adjalluringly adv, at alluring (adj)angelic adjangelically adv, at angelic (adj)appealing adj 1

appealing adj 2appealingly adv, at appealing (adj)arresting adjartistic adj 3attractive adjattractively adv, at attractive (adj)beauteous adjbeautiful adj 1beautifully adv, at beautiful (adj)


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becoming adjbeguiling adjbeguilingly adv, at beguiling (adj)bewitching adjbijou adjbijou adjective [ before noun ] UK

(especially of a building) small but attractive and fashionableThe harbour front is lined with bijou cafs and bars.The estate agent described the flat as a bijou residence .

blooming adjbonny adjcharismatic adj CHARACTER 1charming adj 1charmingly adv, at charming (adj)cherubic adjchocolate-box adjclassical adj TRADITIONAL 3classy adjcomely adjcontagious adj 3cunning adj ATTRACTIVE 2curvaceous adjcute adj ATTRACTIVE 1cutely adv, at cute (adj) CLEVERdaintily advdainty adjdarling adj 2dashing adjdashingly adv, at dashing (adj)dazzling adj 2

debonair adjdebonair adjective SLIGHTLYOLD-FASHIONED

(especially of men) attractive, confident and carefully dressed

a debonair appearance/mannera debonair young man

decorative adjdecoratively adv, at decorative (adj)delectable adjdelectably adv, at delectable (adj)disarming adj, at disarm (v) PERSONALITYdistinguished adj 2dreamy adj 2elegant adj 1elegantly adv, at elegant (adj)enchanting adjendearing adjendearingly adv, at endearing (adj)engaging adjenticing adjenticingly adv, at enticing (adj)entrancing adj, at entrance (v)


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esthetic adjexquisite adj BEAUTIFUL 1exquisitely adv, at exquisite (adj) SHARPeye candy neye-catching adjfair adj BEAUTIFUL 16

feline adj 2fetching adjfetchingly adv, at fetching (adj)finely adv EXCELLENTLY 3gay adj HAPPY 3glam adjglamorous adjglamorously adv, at glamorous (adj)glorious adj BEAUTIFUL/NICE 2gloriously adv, at glorious (adj) BEAUTIFUL/NICEglossy adj 3good-looking adjgorgeous adj

gorgeously adv, at gorgeous (adj)graceful adj MOVEMENT 1gracefully adv, at graceful (adj) BEHAVIOURhandsome adj ATTRACTIVE 1handsome adj ATTRACTIVE 2haunting adjimposing adjinfectious adj 2inviting adj 1inviting adj 2invitingly adv, at inviting (adj)irresistible adj

irresistibly adv, at irresistible (adj)jolly adj ATTRACTIVE 3knockout adjlovable adjlovely adj BEAUTIFUL 2lush adj ATTRACTIVE 3magnetic adj ATTRACTIVE 2magnificent adjmajestic adjmajestically adv, at majestic (adj)melting adjmesmerizing adjnice-looking adj

noble adj CAUSING ADMIRATION 3ornamental adjpert adj 1photogenic adjpicture-postcard adjpicturesque adjpicturesquely adv, at picturesque (adj)poetic adj 2prepossessing adj


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presentable adjprettily advpretty adjproportioned adjpulchritudinous adj, at pulchritude (n)radiant adj HAPPY/BEAUTIFUL 1

ravishing adjrich adj HAVING A LOT OF STH 6rugged adj STRONG 3ruggedly adv, at rugged (adj) STRONGsculptured adj 2seductive adj ATTRACTING 2seductively adv, at seductive (adj) ATTRACTINGseraphic adjseraphically adv, at seraphic (adj)shapely adjshimmering adj 2slimming adj 2smart adj STYLISH 2

spiffy adjstately adjstatuesque adjstriking adj 2stunning adj BEAUTIFUL 1stunningly adv, at stunning (adj) SHOCKINGstyle n HIGH QUALITY 5suave adjsuavely adv, at suave (adj)suit v BE RIGHT 2svelte adjsweet adj PLEASANT 4

sweetly advsylphlike adjtasteful adjtastefully adv, at tasteful (adj)telegenic adjtempting adjtemptingly adv, at tempting (adj)voluptuous adj 2voluptuously adv, at voluptuous (adj)well-built adj 3winning adj 2winsome adjwinsomely adv, at winsome (adj)

esthetic adj, at aesthetic (adj) 1esthetic adj, at aesthetic (adj) 2esthetically adv, at aesthetically (adv)glamourous adj, at glamorous (adj)glam adj, at glamorous (adj)loveable adj, at lovable (adj)mesmerising adj, at mesmerizing (adj)poetical adj, at poetic (adj) 2go together LOOK GOOD 1


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photograph well/badlybe beautifully/well, etc. turned outBeauty is in the eye of the beholder.cut a fine figurecut quite a figure/dash, at cut a fine figuredrop-dead gorgeous

easy on the eye/earlook/feel (like) a million dollarslook/feel (like) a million bucks, at look/feel (like) a million dollarsbe a picturenot be just a pretty facea sight for sore eyes

charismatic /kr.zmt.k//-mt -/adjective CHURCH2. belonging or relating to various groups within the Christian Church who believe

that God gives people special powers, such as the ability to make others well again andto speak to him in a special language

the charismatic movement

Anglican adjAnglican adjective

relating to the Church of England, or an international church connected with it

Desmond Tutu became the most famous Anglican archbishop in South Africa.Outside England, the Anglican Church is often referred to as the Episcopal(ian)

Church.an Anglican priest

Anglicanism n, at Anglican (n)Anglo-Catholic adjBible-bashing adj, at Bible-basher (n)

Calvinist adj 1Calvinist adjective ( ALSOCalvinistic )

1. relating to the Christian teachings of John Calvin, especially the belief that

God controls what happens on Earth

Calvinist doctrine

Calvinist adj 2Calvinist adjective ( ALSOCalvinistic )

2. having severe moral standards and considering pleasure to be wrong or notnecessary

Her parents have very Calvinist attitudes.

Calvinism n, at Calvinist (adj)charismatic adj CHURCH 2Christendom nChristian adj 1Christianity nChristian Science nthe Church of England nC of E adj nCoptic adj


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Coptic adjectiveof or connected with the ancient Christian Church of Egypt, which is now based

in Egypt and Ethiopia

a Coptic monastery

denomination n RELIGIOUS GROUP 1

denomination noun RELIGIOUS GROUP1. [ C + singular or plural verb ] a religious group which has slightly different

beliefs from other groups which share the same religionProtestantism and Roman Catholicism are both denominations of the Christian

faith.

denominational adjecclesiastical adjecclesiastical adjective ( ALSOecclesiastic ) SLIGHTLYFORMAL

belonging to or connected with the Christian religion

ecumenical adj

ecumenical adjective FORMALsupporting and encouraging unity between the various types of the Christianreligion

an ecumenical service

ecumenicism n, at ecumenical (adj)evangelical adj RELIGION 1evangelical adjective RELIGION

1. belonging to one of the Protestant Churches or Christian groups which

believe the teaching of the Bible and persuading other people to join them to beextremely important

the Evangelical movement

evangelical n, at evangelical (adj) OPINIONSevangelicalism n, at evangelical (adj) OPINIONSevangelistic adj, at evangelist (n)evangelism n, at evangelize (v) RELIGIONhappy clappy adjhigh church adjinterdenominational adjJudaeo-Christian adjlow church adjLutheran adjLutheran adjective

of or relating to the part of Protestant Christianity that is based on the ideas of

the German religious leader Martin Lutherthe Lutheran church

Methodism nMethodism noun [ U ]

the beliefs and activities of a Christian group which follows the teachings of

John Wesley

Methodist n adj, at Methodism (n)


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nondenominational adjPentecostalism nPentecostal adj n, at Pentecostalism (n)Presbyterian adjPresbyterian adjective

relating or belonging to a Christian group which has members especially in

Scotland and the US

Presbyterian n, at Presbyterian (adj)Proddy nProddy noun [ C ] OFFENSIVE

a Protestant, especially in Ireland

Protestantism n, at Protestant (adj)the Reformation nthe Sally Army nthe Salvation Army nUnitarian n

Unitarian noun(a member of) a division of the Christian church which does not believe in theTrinity

Unitarian adj, at Unitarian (n)Bible-thumping adj, at Bible-bashing (adj)ecclesiastic adj, at ecclesiastical (adj)Judeo-Christian adj, at Judaeo-Christian (adj)Sally Army n, at the Salvation Army (n)the Kirkthe Kirk

the Church of Scotland

the (Greek/Russian/Eastern) Orthodox ChurchPuritanismPuritanism

the beliefs and behaviour of a Puritan

the Roman Catholic Churchnoun [ S ]the part of the Christian religion which is ruled by the Pope in Rome

the Angelus n 1the Angelus noun [ S ]

1. prayers said in the morning, in the middle of the day and in the evening in

the Roman Catholic Church

the Angelusthe Angelus noun [ S ]

2. the ringing of bells to show that it is time for these prayers

n 2

beatify vbeatify verb [ T ]


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to announce formally in the Roman Catholic Church that someone who is deadhas lived a holy life, usually as the first stage in making that person a saint

beatification n, at beatify (v)Catholicism n, at Catholic (n)Cistercian n adj

conclave n 2concordat nconcordat noun [ C ] SPECIALIZED

a formal agreement, especially on religious matters, between the RomanCatholic Church and a particular country

confessional nex cathedra adj advex cathedra adjective [ before noun ] , adverb FORMAL

with complete authority, or said by the Pope to be true and so accepted by all

members of the Roman Catholic Church

Hail Mary nthe Holy See nthe Immaculate Conception nthe Inquisition nliberation theology nRC adj nRoman Catholic adj, at Roman Catholic (n)the Roman Catholic Church nRoman Catholicism nthe Spanish Inquisition nStations of the Cross ntabernacle n 3

tabernacle /tb.nk.l //--/noun [ C ]1. OLDUSE a place of worship

2. OLDUSE For the Jews in ancient times, a tabernacle was a type of tent moved

from place to place and used for worship.3. SPECIALIZED in a Roman Catholic church, the box in which holy bread and wine

are kept

transubstantiation ntransubstantiation noun [ U ] SPECIALIZED

the belief, especially by Roman Catholics, that during Mass (= a religious

ceremony) bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Jesus Christ

the Vatican n 1

the Vatican n 2the Madonnaenter a convent

panache/pn/noun [ U ]a stylish, original and very confident way of doing things that makes people admire

youThe orchestra played with great panache.


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He dressed with panache.

amour propre namour propre noun [ U ] LITERARY

a belief and confidence in your own ability and value

aplomb nassertive adjassertively adv, at assertive (adj)assertiveness n, at assertive (adj)assertiveness training nassurance n CONFIDENCE 2assured adj CONFIDENT 1assuredly adv CONFIDENTLY 1attitude n CONFIDENCE 2bold adj NOT SHY 4brass n CONFIDENCE 4breezy adj HAPPY 2bullish adj ATTITUDE 1

can-do adjcertain adj IN NO DOUBT 1certainty n IN NO DOUBT 2certitude nconfidence n CERTAINTY 1confident adjconfidently adv, at confident (adj)convinced adj 1convinced adj 2dignity n 2dogmatic adjdogmatic adjective DISAPPROVING

If someone is dogmatic, they are certain that they are right and that everyoneelse is wrong.

dogmatically adv, at dogmatic (adj)dogmatism ndogmatist nego n 1forward adj CONFIDENT 3forwardness nfresh adj TOO CONFIDENT 12inadequacy n 2inadequate adj 3morale n

panache npoise npolished adj SKILLED 2positive adj CERTAIN 2positiveness n, at positive (adj) BLOOD TYPEpositively adv CERTAIN 2pride n SATISFACTION 1pride n RESPECT FOR YOURSELF 3proud adj RESPECTING YOURSELF 2


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proudly advrakish adj 1rakishly adv, at rakish (adj)sassy adj 2secure adj CONFIDENT 4security n CONFIDENCE 6

self-assertive adjself-assured adjself-assurance n, at self-assured (adj)self-belief nself-confident adjself-confidence n, at self-confident (adj)self-confidently adv, at self-confident (adj)self-congratulatory adjself-congratulation n, at self-congratulatory (adj)self-esteem nself-respect nself-respecting adj, at self-respect (n)self-worth n

sure adj 9surefooted adj CONFIDENT 2surefootedly adv, at surefooted (adj) CONFIDENTsurefootedness n, at surefooted (adj) CONFIDENTsurely adv 1self-assured adj, at assured (adj) CONFIDENT 1brazen sth outpride yourself on sthpump sb upI'll be boundknow/say for certainrespect yourself

be sure of/about sbbe sure of yourselfbe sure of sth(as) bold as brasshold your head (up) highknow your own mindput your shirt on sthto be surestand/walk tall

factitious/fkt.s/adjective FORMALfalse or artificial

He has invented a wholly factitious story about his past.

affectation naffected adjaffectedly adv, at affected (adj)arch adjarchly adv, at arch (adj)artificial adj 2artificially adv, at artificial (adj)


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arty-farty adjcamp adj 2campy adjcheesy adj BAD STYLE 2cloying adj TOO EMOTIONAL 2cloyingly adv, at cloying (adj) TOO EMOTIONAL

constrained adj 2contrived adj 1contrived adj 2cupboard love ncutesy adjemptiness n NOT SINCERE 2empty adj NOT SINCERE 2factitious adjfalse adj NOT SINCERE 5falsely adv NOT SINCERELY 3falsity n NOT SINCERE 2fey djfeyness n, at fey (adj)

forced adj 3front n APPEARANCE 9glib adjglibly adv, at glib (adj)glibness n, at glib (adj)histrionic adjhistrionically adv, at histrionic (adj)histrionics nhokey adjhollow adj NOT SINCERE 3hollowness n, at hollow (adj) SOUNDhollowly adv NOT SINCERE 1

insincere adjinsincerely adv, at insincere (adj)insincerity n, at insincere (adj)la-di-da adjlah-di-dah adjmannered adjmelodramatic adjmelodramatically adv, at melodramatic (adj)meretricious adjoily adj TOO FRIENDLY 3oleaginous adjphoney adjphoney n, at phoney (adj)

pious adj PRETENDING 2piously adv, at pious (adj) PRETENDINGposey adjprecious adj NOT NATURAL 2preciousness n, at precious (adj) DISLIKEpreciously advprecocious adj 2pretension n 2pretentious adj


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pretentiously adv, at pretentious (adj)pretentiousness n, at pretentious (adj)pseudy adj, at pseud (n)pseud(o)- prefixrent-a- prefixsaccharine adj

show n FALSE APPEARANCE 6slick adj 2slimy adj 2smarmy adjsmarm v, at smarmy (adj)smarmily adv, at smarmy (adj)smooth adj INSINCERE 4smoothie n INSINCERE 2stagy adjstudied adjsugary adj 2theatre n BEHAVIOUR 4theatrical adj BEHAVIOUR 2

theatricality n, at theatrical (adj) BEHAVIOURtheatrically adv, at theatrical (adj) BEHAVIOURtwo-faced adjartsy-fartsy adj, at arty-farty (adj)falseness n, at falsity (n) NOT SINCERE 2lah-di-dah adj, at la-di-da (adj)phony adj, at phoney (adj)pretentiousness n, at pretension (n) 2pretension n, at pretentiousness (n)smoothy n, at smoothie (n) INSINCERE 2stagey adj, at stagy (adj)theater n, at theatre (n) BEHAVIOUR 4

camp it upponce about/around LIKE A WOMAN 1ring/sound hollowtalk the talk ... walk the walk

suborn (s -brn )tr.v.suborned, suborning, suborns1. To induce (a person) to commit an unlawful or evil act.2. Lawa. To induce (a person) to commit perjury.b. To procure (perjured testimony).

to suborn (third-person singular simple presentsuborns,present participlesuborning, simple

past and past participlesuborned)

1. Toinduce someone to commit an unlawfulormalicious act, or to commit perjury
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborns#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborns#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborning#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborned#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborned#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inducehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inducehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commithttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unlawfulhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unlawfulhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malicioushttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perjuryhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborns#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborning#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/suborned#Englishhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inducehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/commithttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unlawfulhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malicioushttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perjury


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2. Will DeGuerin suborn perjury?

Think Progress DeLay Will Prove His Conspiracy Theories When Its Timely

3. Israel did not consult us on whether it could attack the USS

Liberty in the Six-Day War, or suborn Jonathan Pollard to lootour security secrets, or transfer our weapons technology toChina.

Matthew Yglesias David Petraeus, Jew-Hater

4. I could understand if the "excesses" of the "Obama-Pelosi-Reidagenda" were going towards ... an unnecessary war, forexample, or into their or their friends own pockets, or to thecorporations of large political contributors, or to suborn perjury.

Rubio calls Crists Senate pick disappointing

Main Entry:subornPronunciation:s*-*b*rn

Function:transitive verb

Etymology:Middle French suborner, from Latin subornare, from sub- secretly + ornare tofurnish, equip more at ORNATE

Date:1534

1 : to induce secretly to do an unlawful thing2 : to induce to commit perjury; also : to obtain (perjured testimony) from a witness

subornation \*s*-*b*r-*n*-sh*n\ noun

suborner noun

Main Entry:suborn

Pronunciation:s*-*b*rn


Etymology:Middle French suborner, from Latin subornare, from sub- secretly +

ornare to furnish, equip more at ORNATE

Date:1534

1 : to induce secretly to do an unlawful thing

2 : to induce to commit perjury; also : to obtain (perjured testimony) from a

witness

subornation \*s*-*b*r-*n*-sh*n\ noun

suborner noun
http://thinkprogress.org/2005/09/30/delay-conspiracy/http://yglesias.thinkprogress.org/archives/2010/03/david-petraeus-jew-hater.phphttp://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/08/28/rubio-calls-crists-senate-pick-disappointing/http://thinkprogress.org/2005/09/30/delay-conspiracy/http://yglesias.thinkprogress.org/archives/2010/03/david-petraeus-jew-hater.phphttp://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/08/28/rubio-calls-crists-senate-pick-disappointing/


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Supererogation (Late Lat.supererogatio, payment beyond what is due or asked, from super,

beyond, erogare, to pay out, expend, ex, out, rogare, to ask) is the performance of more than is

asked for, the action of doing more than duty requires. Supererogatory, in ethics, indicates an

act that is good but not morally required to be done. It refers to an act that is more than

necessary, when another course of action, involving less, would still be an acceptable action. It

differs from a duty, which is an act that would be wrong not to do, and from acts that are morally

equivalent. Supererogation may be considered as performing above and beyond a normative

course of duty to further benefits and functionality.

Contents

[hide]

1 In Christianity

2 In Islam

3 Discussion

4 External links

[edit]In Christianity

In the theology of the Roman Catholic Church, "works of supererogation" (also called "acts of

supererogation") are those performed beyond what God requires. For example, in 1

Corinthians 7,Saint Paul says that while everyone is free to marry, it is better to refrain from

marriage and remain celibate to better serve God. The Roman Catholic Church holds thatthe counsels of perfection are supererogatory acts, which specificChristians may engage in

above their moral duties. Similarly, it teaches that to determine how to act, one must engage in

reasonable efforts to be sure of what the right actions are; after the reasonable action, the person

is in a state ofinvincible ignoranceand guiltless of wrongdoing, but to undertake more than

reasonable actions to overcome ignorance is supererogatory, and praiseworthy.

supererogation

noun\s-pr-er--g-shn\

Definition of SUPEREROGATION

: the act of performing more than is required by duty, obligation, or need

Origin of SUPEREROGATION
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#In_Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#In_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#Discussionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supererogation&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supererogation&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Corinthianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Corinthianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Paulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Paulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counsels_of_perfectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincible_ignorancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincible_ignorancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincible_ignorancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#In_Christianityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#In_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#Discussionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supererogation#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supererogation&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Corinthianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Corinthianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Paulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counsels_of_perfectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincible_ignorance


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Medieval Latin supererogation-, supererogatio, fromsupererogare to perform beyond

the call of duty, from Late Latin, to expend in addition, from

Latin super- + erogare to expend public funds after asking the consent of the people,

from e- + rogare to ask more at RIGHT

First Known Use: 1526

perjury/p.d r.i//p.d-/noun [ U ] LEGALthe crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truthShe was sentenced to two years in jail forcommittingperjury (= telling lies in a

law court) .

artifice nbad faith ncanard n

canard noun [ C ] LITERARYa false report or piece of information which is intended to deceive people

charade n FALSE SITUATION 1concoct v 2corruption n BAD 1deceit ndeceitfulness n, at deceit (n)deception ndeceptiveness n, at deceptive (adj)delude vdeviousness n, at devious (adj) NOT DIRECTdisinformation ndistort vdistortion n, at distort (v)duplicitous adjduplicity nfabricate vfabrication n, at fabricate (v)falsehood n 1falsehood n 2falsification n, at falsify (v)fib vfib n, at fib (v)fiction n 2

flannel vflannel verb [ I or T ] -ll- UK INFORMAL

to use a lot of words to avoid telling the truth or answering a question, often inorder to deceive

flim flam nhalf-truth nhogwash nhumbug n DISHONESTY 1
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/righthttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/righthttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right


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hypocrisy nimpropriety ninvent v NOT TRUE 2jive v TALK 2lie v SPEAK FALSELY 6lie n

lie detector nmanufacture v INVENT 2mendacity nmendacity noun [ U ] FORMAL

the act of not telling the truth

Politicians are often accused of mendacity.

misinformation n 1mislead vmisrepresent vmisrepresentation nmyth n FALSE IDEA 2mythologize vperjure yourself vperjury npolygraph nporkie npork pie n LIE 2propagandize v, at propaganda (n)propagandist npropagandist adj, at propagandist (n)sharp practice nshiftiness n, at shifty (adj)skew vskulduggery n

sleaze factor nsnow v TRICK 3story n DESCRIPTION 3travesty ntravesty noun [ C ] SLIGHTLYFORMAL

something which fails to represent the values and qualities that it is intendedto represent, in a way that is shocking or offensive

Their production of 'Macbeth' was quite the worst I've ever seen - it was atravesty.

Langdale described the court ruling as a travestyof justice .

twist v CHANGE 3untruth n 1venality n, at venal (adj)weasel words nwhite lie nwhopper n 2polygraph n, at lie detector (n)mythologise v, at mythologize (v)pork pie n, at porkie (n)propagandise v, at propagandize (v)skullduggery n, at skulduggery (n)


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make sth up INVENT 1put sth about/aroundtake sb in DECEIVE 2bear false witnesscobblersspeak with a forked tongue

spin (sb) a story/tale/yarntell a lie/lieseconomical with the truthfeed sb a linelie through your teethbe a pack of liesbe a tissue of lies, at be a pack of lieslive a liestretch the truthLook who's talking!You're a fine one to talk!, at Look who's talking!You can/can't talk!, at Look who's talking!You should talk!, at Look who's talking!

talk the talk ... walk the walkIt takes a thief to catch a thief.

Main Entry:perjury

Pronunciation:*p*r-j*-r*, *p*rj-r*

Function:noun

Date:14th century

: the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by swearing to what is untrue or

by omission to do what has been promised under oath : false swearing

FACTIOUS

Main Entry:factiousPronunciation:*fak-sh*sFunction:adjective

Etymology:Middle French or Latin; Middle French factieux, from Latin factiosus, from

factioDate:1532


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: of or relating to faction: as a : caused by faction *factious disputes* b : inclined to

faction or the formation of factions c : SEDITIOUS

factiously adverbfactiousness noun

fractious/frk.s/adjectiveeasily upset or annoyed, and often complaininga fractious child

Main Entry:fractious

Pronunciation:*frak-sh*s

Function:adjective

Etymology:fraction (discord) + -ous

Date:1714

1 : tending to be troublesome : UNRULY *a fractious crowd*

2 : QUARRELSOME, IRRITABLEfractiously adverb

fractiousness noun

argumentative adjargumentatively adv, at argumentative (adj)bad-tempered adjbilious adj 2bolshy adjbolshy , bolshie adjective UK INFORMAL

describes someone who often argues and makes difficulties

He's a bit bolshy these days.

cantankerous adjchippy adjcontrariness ncontrary adj NOT REASONABLE 3crabby adjcrabbily adv, at crabby (adj)crabbiness n, at crabby (adj)cranky adj UNPLEASANT 1crotchety adjcrusty adj EASILY ANNOYED 2curmudgeonly adj, at curmudgeon (n)disputatious adj, at dispute (v)dyspeptic adj 2

fractious adjfractiousness n, at fractious (adj)grouchy adjgrouchiness n, at grouchy (adj)grumpy adjgrumpily adv, at grumpy (adj)grumpiness n, at grumpy (adj)huffy adjhuffily adv, at huffy (adj)


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ill-tempered adj 1impatient adj 1impatiently adv, at impatient (adj)irascible adjirascibly adv, at irascible (adj)irascibility n, at irascible (adj)

irritable adjirritably adv, at irritable (adj)irritability n, at irritable (adj)narky adjobstreperous adjobstreperous adjective FORMAL

too eager to have an argument; difficult to deal with and noisy

obstreperous customers

obstreperousness n, at obstreperous (adj)ornery adjornery adjective US

likely to get angry and argue with peopleHe had been in an ornery mood all day, rowing with his wife and his boss.

peevish adjpeevishly adv, at peevish (adj)peppery adj 2petulant adjpetulance n, at petulant (adj)petulantly adv, at petulant (adj)pugnacious adjpugnacity n, at pugnacious (adj)quarrelsome adjquick-tempered adj, at quick temper (n)

ratty adjscrappy adj ARGUMENT 2sensitivity n UPSETTING 3short adj NOT PATIENT 9short-tempered adjshrewish adj, at shrew (n) WOMANsnappish adjsnappishly adv, at snappish (adj)sour adj BAD FEELING 2sourly adv, at sour (adj) BAD FEELINGsourness n, at sour (adj) BAD FEELINGspiky adj BAD MOOD 2stroppy adjstroppily adv, at stroppy (adj)stroppiness n, at stroppy (adj)surly adjsurliness n, at surly (adj)testy adjtestily adv, at testy (adj)testiness n, at testy (adj)tetchy adjtetchily adv, at tetchy (adj)


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tetchiness n, at tetchy (adj)touchily adv, at touchy (adj)touchiness n, at touchy (adj)truculent adjtruculent adjective

unpleasant and likely to argue a lot

a truculent teenagerI found him truculent and unpleasant.

truculence n, at truculent (adj)truculently adv, at truculent (adj)bolshie adj, at bolshy (adj)crabbed adj, at crabby (adj)pugnaciousness n, at pugnacity (n)sensitiveness n, at sensitivity (n) UPSETTING 3snappy adj, at snappish (adj)hot temperhave a quick temperbe like a bear with a sore headlike a (real) bear, at be like a bear with a sore headget out of bed (on) the wrong sideget up on the wrong side of the bed, at get out of bed (on) the wrong sidehave a short fusebe hell on wheelsbe spoiling for a fightwear thin 1

fictitious /fkt.s/adjectiveinvented and not true or not existing

He dismissed recent rumours about his private life as fictitious.Characters in this film are entirely fictitious.

euphoria /juf.ri.//-fr.i-/noun [ U ]extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situationThey were in a state ofeuphoria for days after they won the prize.

afterglow nbliss nbonus n 2carelessness n, at careless (adj) NO WORRY

cheer n HAPPINESS 2cheerfulness n, at cheerful (adj)cheeriness n, at cheery (adj)chirpiness n, at chirpy (adj)delectation ndelight n 1delirium n 2ecstasy n EMOTION 1Elysium n


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Elysium noun [ U ] ( ALSOthe Elysian fields ) LITERARYa state of great happinessEverything was perfect. She was in Elysium. Main Entry:ElysiumPronunciation:i-*li-zh*-*m, -z*-Function:noun

Inflected Form:plural -siums or Elysia \-zh*-*, -z*-\Etymology:Latin, from Greek *lysionDate:1567

1 : the abode of the blessed after death in classical mythology2 : PARADISE 2

enchantment n, at enchant (v) MAGICenjoyment neuphoria nexaltation n HAPPINESS 1exultation n, at exult (v)feast n ENJOYABLE THING 2felicity n HAPPINESS 1fulfilment n FEELING 2gaiety ngladness n, at glad (adj)glee nglow n FEELING 2good adj SATISFACTION 19goody n PLEASANT THING 1gratification n, at gratify (v)halcyon days nhalcyon daysplural noun LITERARY

a very happy or successful period in the past

She recalled the halcyon days of her youth.

happiness nheaven n 2high n MENTAL STATE 2high spirits nidyll nindulgence n 1intoxication n 2jauntiness n, at jaunty (adj)joie de vivre njoie de vivre noun [ U ] FORMAL

a feeling of great happiness and enjoyment of life

joviality n, at jovial (adj)joy n HAPPINESS 1joy n HAPPINESS 2joyfulness n, at joyful (adj)joyousness n, at joyous (adj)jubilation nmirth nnostalgia n


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perkiness n, at perky (adj)pleasantness n, at pleasant (adj)pleasure nprivilege n 2rapture n 1rejoicing n

relish n ENJOYMENT 2revelry nsavour n 1schadenfreude nschadenfreude noun [ U ]

a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction when something bad happens to someoneelse

sensuality n, at sensual (adj)sensuousness n, at sensuous (adj)stardust nsunshine n PLEASURE 2treat n SPECIAL EXPERIENCE 1well-being nthe Elysian fields n, at Elysium (n)fulfillment n, at fulfilment (n) FEELING 2idyl n, at idyll (n)savor n, at savour (n) 1wellbeing n, at well-being (n)with (gay/wild) abandonthe delights of sthfor funrapturesbed of roseshave your cake and eat it

for the fun of it, at for fun

eugenics /juden.ks/noun [ U ] SPECIALIZEDthe study of methods of improving humans by allowing only carefully chosen people

to reproduceEugenics was the central, and most controversial, part of his social philosophy.

saviour sibling noun [ C ]a child who is born with particular genes that have been chosen in order to

treat an older brother or sister who has a disease

eulogy /ju.l.di/noun [ C or U ] FORMALa speech, piece of writing, poem, etc. containing great praise, especially for

someone who recently died or stopped working

He was the most self-effacing of men - the last thing he would have relished was aeulogy.

The song was a eulogyto the joys of travelling.


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acclaim nacclaim vacclamation naccolade nadulation nadulatory adj, at adulation (n)

applaud v CLAP 1applaud v PRAISE 2applause nbackslapping ncelebrate v PRAISE 2cheer vcheer n SHOUT 1cheering ncitation n PRAISE 3cite v PRAISE 4clap v MAKE NOISE 2clap n NOISE 1commend v

commendation n 1compliment n 1compliment n 2compliment vcomplimentary adj PRAISING 1congratulate vcongratulatory adj, at congratulate (v)congratulation n 2credit n PRAISE 1decorate v HONOUR 3dedicate v BOOK, ETC 2dedication n BOOK, ETC 2

enthrone v 2eulogize veulogy neulogistic adj, at eulogy (n)exalt v 1exalt v 2exaltation n MAKE IMPORTANT 3extol vfelicitations nfte vglorify v 1glorification n, at glorify (v)glowing adj

good adj HIGH QUALITY 4gush v EXPRESS 2gushing adjgushingly adv, at gushing (adj)hand n CLAP 10handclap nhonour v REWARD 3laud vlaudatory adj


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laurel wreath n 2mention n 3ovation npaean npaean noun [ C ] LITERARY

a song, film or piece of writing that praises someone or something very

enthusiasticallyThe song is a paean to solitude and independence.

panegyric npanegyric noun [ C ] FORMAL

a speech or piece of writing that praises someone very much and does notmention anything bad about them

She delivered a panegyricon the President-elect.

plaudit npraise v SHOW APPROVAL 1praise n APPROVAL 1puff n PRAISE 3rave v ENTHUSIASTIC 2recognize v ACCEPT 3rhapsodic adj 1rhapsody n 2rhapsody noun [ C ]

2. FORMAL a speech or piece of writing that contains powerful feelings andenthusiasm

slow handclap nstanding ovation ntribute n RESPECTFUL ACTION 1

vaunted adjvaunted adjective FORMAL

praised often in a way that is considered to be more than acceptable or

reasonableHis (much) vaunted new scheme has been shown to have serious

weaknesses.

eulogise v, at eulogize (v)gushy adj, at gushing (adj)gushily adv, at gushingly (adv)honor v, at honour (v) REWARD 3puff piece n, at puff (n) PRAISE 3

recognise v, at recognize (v) ACCEPT 3big sb/sth upbuild sth/sb upcheer sb oncredit sb with sth 2hail sb/sth as sthheap sth on sbcongratulationsbe a credit to sb/sth


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do your family/parents/teacher, etc. creditbe mentioned in dispatchesthink/speak highly of sblaurelsa slap on the backpay tribute to sb/sth

earn/get/score brownie pointscredit where credit's duegive sb (a) fivefull marks to sbgive it up for sbhave (got) to hand it to sbhats off to sbtake your hat off to sblay it on a bit thicklay it on with a trowel, at lay it on a bit thickooh and aahpat sb on the backa pat on the back

round of applauseit says a lot for sb/sthsing the praises of sb/sthYou're a star!Good/great stuff!There's a good boy/girl/dog!well doneput in a good word for sb

Main Entry:eulogyPronunciation:*y*-l*-j*Function:noun

Inflected Form:plural -giesEtymology:Middle English euloge, from Medieval Latin eulogium, from Greekeulogia praise, from eu- + -logia -logyDate:15th century

1 : a commendatory oration or writing especially in honor of one deceased*she delivered the eulogy at his funeral*2 : high praise

synonyms see ENCOMIUM:Main Entry:encomiumPronunciation:en-*k*-m*-*m

Function:noun

Inflected Form:plural -miums also encomia \-m*-*\Etymology:Latin, from Greek enk*mion, from en in + k*mos revel,celebrationDate:1567

: glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise; also : an expression of thissynonyms ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a

formal expression of praise. ENCOMIUM implies enthusiasm and warmth in


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praising a person or a thing *received encomiums from literary critics*.EULOGY applies to a prepared speech or writing extolling the virtues and

services of a person *delivered the eulogy at the funeral service*.PANEGYRIC suggests an elaborate often poetic compliment *her lyricalmemoir was a panegyric to her mentor*. TRIBUTE implies deeply felt praiseconveyed either through words or through a significant act *the concert was

a musical tribute to the early jazz masters*. CITATION applies to the formalpraise of a person offered in a military dispatch or in awarding an honorary

degree *earned a citation for bravery*.eulogistic \*y*-l*-*jis-tik\ adjectiveeulogistically \-ti-k(*-)l*\ adverb

Main Entry:eupepticPronunciation:y*-*pep-tik

Function:adjective

Date:1699

1 : of, relating to, or having good digestion

2 : CHEERFUL, OPTIMISTIC

Main Entry: euphausiidPronunciation:y*-*f*-z*-*dFunction:noun

Etymology:New Latin Euphausia, genus of crustaceans

Date:1885

: any of an order (Euphausiacea) of small usually luminescent malacostracan crustaceans

that resemble shrimps and in some areas form an important element in marine planktoneuphausiid adjective

euphemism/ju.f.m.z m/noun [ C or U ]a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word

'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for'old person'.The article made so much use of euphemism that often its meaning was unclear.

circumlocution n

circumlocution noun [ C or U ] FORMAL(an example of) an indirect way of saying something, especially something

unpleasant'Economical with the truth' is a circumlocution for 'lying'.Politicians are experts in circumlocution.

circumlocutory adj, at circumlocution (n)digress vdigression n, at digress (v)discursive adj 2elliptical adj LANGUAGE 2


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elliptically adv, at elliptical (adj) LANGUAGEequivocate vequivocate verb [ I ] FORMAL

to speak in a way that is intentionally not clear and confusing to other people,especially to hide the truth

She accused the minister of equivocating, claiming that he had deliberately

avoided telling the public how bad the problem really was.

equivocation n, at equivocate (v)euphemism neuphemistic adj, at euphemism (n)euphemistically adv, at euphemism (n)evasive adj 1evasively adv, at evasive (adj)evasiveness n, at evasive (adj)hedge v 2implicit adj SUGGESTED 1indirect adj NOT OBVIOUS 2mealy-mouthed adjmeander v NO PURPOSE 3mincing adj SPEAK 1obfuscate vobfuscation n, at obfuscate (v)oblique adj NOT DIRECT 3obliquely adv, at oblique (adj) NOT DIRECTobscure v 2parry v 2preamble n 2prevaricate vprevarication n, at prevaricate (v)roundabout adj

sanitize v CHANGE 2sidestep v 2skirt v 2stray v 2suggestion n 2tacit adjtacitly adv, at tacit (adj)tangential adj, at tangent (n) TRIANGLEunderlying adjunspoken adjveiled adjwander v SUBJECT 2sanitise v, at sanitize (v) CHANGE 2

skirt around/round v, at skirt (v) 2get on to/onto sth SUBJECT 1gloss over sthmove off sth/on (to sth)talk round/around sthtiptoe round/around sth/sbevade the issue/question, etc.get off the trackdraw a veil over sth


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beat around the bushbeat about the bush, at beat around the bushgo (all) round the housesgo/fly off at a tangentgo off on a tangent, at go/fly off at a tangent

euphonious /juf.ni.s//-fo-/adjective FORMALhaving a pleasant sound

audible adjaudibly adv, at audible (adj)bass adjbrassy adj SOUND 2clear adj PURE 5crackly adj, at crackle (v)creaky adj 1creakily adv, at creaky (adj)creakiness n, at creaky (adj)

deep adj LOW 2deepen v LOW 4depth n LOW SOUND 8discordant adj 1dissonant adj, at dissonance (n)dulcet adj 1dulcet adjective

1. LITERARY describes sounds that are soft and pleasant to listen to

ear-splitting adjeuphonious adjfull adj STRONG 17

fullness n STRONG QUALITY 4grating adjharmonious adj MUSIC 1high adj SOUND 6high-pitched adj NOISE 2hollow adj SOUND 4hollowly adv SOUND 2inaudible adjinaudibly adv, at inaudible (adj)inaudibility n, at inaudible (adj)low adj SOUND 7low-pitched adjmellifluous adj

melodic adj 2melodious adj-pitched suffixplaintive adjplaintively adv, at plaintive (adj)plaintiveness n, at plaintive (adj)pounding n SOUND 2pure adj NOT MIXED 3raucous adj


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raucously adv, at raucous (adj)raucousness n, at raucous (adj)resonance n SOUND 1rhythmic adjrhythmically adv, at rhythmic (adj)shrill adj 1

shrillness n, at shrill (adj)shrilly adv, at shrill (adj)silvery adj SOUND 2sonorous adjsonorously adv, at sonorous (adj)squeaky adj SOUND 1squelchy adj, at squelch (n)staccato adj adv 2staccato adjective , adverb

2. describes a noise or way of speaking that consists of a series of short and

separate sounds

She gave staccato replies to every question.

sweet adj PLEASANT 3timbre ntinny adj SOUND 1tone n MUSICAL QUALITY 7tuneful adjtunefully adv, at tuneful (adj)tunefulness n, at tuneful (adj)tuneless adjtunelessly adv, at tuneless (adj)ear-piercing adj, at ear-splitting (adj)fulness n, at fullness (n) STRONG QUALITY 4rhythmical adj, at rhythmic (adj)

out of tune(as) clear as a belleasy on the eye/ear

aggrandizement , UK USUALLYaggrandisement /grn.dz.mnt/noun [ U ]FORMALDISAPPROVING

increase in power or importanceHe gives a lot of money to charity, butpersonalaggrandizement/self-

aggrandizement is his motive.

aggregate /g.r.gt/noun [ C or U ]something formed by adding together several amounts or things; a totalThey purchased an aggregate of3000 shares in the company.Snowflakes are loose aggregates ofice crystals.

Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the finalon aggregate (= addingtogether the goals in both matches) .

congregate /k.gr.get//k-/verb [ I ]to come together in a large group of people or animals


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A crowd congregatedaroundthe entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch aglimpse of the stars of the show.

muster verb [ I or T ] TOGETHER2. (especially of soldiers) to come together, especially in preparation for

fighting, or to cause to do thisThe twelfth division mustered on the hill.The general mustered his troops .

corral verb [ T ] -ll-2. to bring a group of people together and keep them in one place, especially

in order to control them

Police corralled most of the demonstrators in a small area near the station.

segregate /seg.r.get/verb [ T ]1. to keep one group of people apart from another and treat them differently,

especially because of race or sexa segregated school/societyBlacks were segregatedfrom whites in every area of life.2. to keep one thing separate from anotherThe systems will have to be able to segregate clients' moneyfrom the firm's own

cash.

compartmentalize , UK USUALLYcompartmentalise verb [ T ]to separate something into parts and not allow those parts to mix togetherHis life was carefully compartmentalized, with his work in one city and his

social life in another.

demarcate verb [ T ] ( US ALSOdemark)to show the limits of somethingParking spaces are demarcated by white lines.Responsibilities within the department are clearly demarcated.

sequester verb [ T ] KEEP SEPARATE2. US LEGAL to keep a jury together in a place so that they cannot discuss the

case with other people or read or hear news reports about it

cordonsth/somewhere offphrasal verb [ M ]If people in authority, such as the police, cordon off a building or area, they

put something around it in order to stop people from entering it

They've cordoned off the whole area because of a suspected bomb.

pejorative/pdr..tv//-dr..t v/adjective FORMALdisapproving or suggesting that something is not good or is of no importance

Make sure students realise that 'fat' is an unflattering or pejorative word.It comes as quite a shock to still hear a judge describing a child as 'illegitimate',

with all the pejorative overtones of that word.Main Entry:2pejorative


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Function:adjectiveEtymology:Late Latin pejoratus, past participle of pejorare to make or become

worse, from Latin pejor worse; akin to Sanskrit padyate he falls, Latin ped-, pes foot more at FOOT

Date:circa 1888

: having negative connotations; especially : tending to disparage or belittle :DEPRECIATORY

pejoratively adverb

aloof adj 2astringent adj SEVERE 2astringent adjective SEVERE

2. describes remarks which are clever but unkind or criticize someoneastringent criticismher astringent wit

astringently adv, at astringent (adj) SEVEREastringency n, at astringent (adj) SEVERE

barbed adj 2captious adjcaptious adjective FORMAL

often expressing criticisms about matters which are not important

critical adj NOT PLEASED 1damning adjdeprecating adj NOT VALUING 1deprecating adjective ( ALSOdeprecatory ) NOT VALUING

1. showing that you think something is of little value or importance

Her deprecating smile clearly showed that she thought I'd said somethingstupid.

deprecating adj NOT APPROVING 3deprecatingly adv, at deprecating (adj) NOT APPROVINGderogatory adjdisapproving adjdisparaging adjdisparagingly adv, at disparaging (adj)hard-hitting adjhypercritical adjpejorative adjpointed adj CRITICISM 2pointedly advpungent adj 2

scathing adjscathingly adv, at scathing (adj)snide adjsnideness n, at snide (adj)snidely advsniffy adjuncomplimentary adjvenomous adj HATE 2venomously adv, at venomous (adj) HATE


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vinegary adj 2vitriolic adj, at vitriol (n)vitriolically adv, at vitriol (n)withering adj 2deprecatory adj, at deprecating (adj) NOT VALUING 1deprecatory adj, at deprecating (adj) NOT APPROVING 3

speak ill of sba cheap shot

amenable /mi.n.bl /adjectivewilling to accept or be influenced by a suggestionShe might be more amenable to the idea if you explained how much money it

would save.Do you think the new manager willprove more amenable to our proposals?

on yourmettleready to do something as well as you can in a difficult situation

Both players were on their mettle in the final round.Cooking for such important people reallyputs you on your mettle.

desultory/des. l.t r.i//-tr-/adjective FORMALwithout a clear plan or purpose and showing little effort or interestShe made a desultory attempt at conversation.He wandered around, clearing up in a desultory way.

adrift adj 2aimless adjaimlessly adv, at aimless (adj)aimlessness n, at aimless (adj)airy-fairy adjblind alley ndead loss n 1 dead loss noun [ S ] INFORMAL

1. an activity or process that is not at all effective or successfulYesterday's meeting was a dead loss - nothing was decided.

desultory adjdesultorily adv, at desultory (adj)directionless adjdud adjempty adj WITHOUT PURPOSE 3expendable adjeye candy nfeeble adj 2feebly adv, at feeble (adj)flabby adj WEAK 2flaccid adj 2fool's errand nfrivolous adj 2frivolousness n, at frivolous (adj)fruitless adj


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fruitlessly adv, at fruitless (adj)fruitlessness n, at fruitless (adj)futile adjfutility n, at futile (adj)good-for-nothing adjhopeless adj 1

idle adj NO PURPOSE 4impractical adj 1impractical adj 2impractical adj 3inane adjinane adjective

extremely silly or with no real meaning or importance

He's always making inane remarks.There are too many inane quiz shows on television these days.

inanely adv, at inane (adj)inanity n, at inane (adj)ineffective adjineffectively adv, at ineffective (adj)ineffectual adjineffectually adv, at ineffectual (adj)inefficient adjinefficiently adv, at inefficient (adj)inefficiency n, at inefficient (adj)inexpedient adjmeaningless adj NO MEANING 1meaninglessness n, at meaningless (adj) NOT IMPORTANTmooch v MOVE 1mooch verb MOVE

1. [ I usually + adverb or preposition ] INFORMAL to walk or act slowly and

without much purposeDISAPPROVINGStop mooching (about/around) in your room and do something

useful!

mooch nmoon vmotiveless adjnegate vnegation n, at negate (v)no-good adjnugatory adjnugatory adjective FORMAL

worth nothing or of little valuea nugatory amount

ornamental adjotiose adjotiose adjective FORMAL

describes a word or phrase, or sometimes an idea, that is unnecessary or hasbeen used several times


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The use of the word 'recumbent' is surely otiose after the word 'recline'.

pants adjpants adjective [ after verb ] UK SLANG

not useful or of bad quality

This music is pants.

pathetic adj UNSUCCESSFUL 2pathetically adv, at pathetic (adj) UNSUCCESSFULpitiful adj 2pointless adjpointlessly adv, at pointless (adj)pointlessness n, at pointless (adj)purposeless adjpurposelessly adv, at purposeless (adj)purposelessness n, at purposeless (adj)quixotic adjquixotic adjective LITERARY

having or showing ideas that are different and unusual but not practical orlikely to succeed

This is a vast, exciting and some say quixotic project.

quixotically adv, at quixotic (adj)romantic adj 3romantic nself-defeating adjshuffle v MOVE AROUND 3unavailing adjunfavourable adjunfavourably adv, at unfavourable (adj)unrealistic adj

unrealistically adv, at unrealistic (adj)unwieldy adj NOT EFFECTIVE 2useless adjuselessly adv, at useless (adj)uselessness n, at useless (adj)vain adj NOT SUCCESSFUL 1vainly advwindow dressing n DECEIVING 2 window dressing noun [ U ] DECEIVING

2. DISAPPROVING things that are said or done in order to make an attractive

effect but which are of no real importanceNever mind the extra day's holiday, the free health care, and all the other

window dressing in the company's offer - the point is, how much more money are wegetting?

worthless adj NOT IMPORTANT 2worthlessness n, at worthless (adj) NOT IMPORTANTunfavorable adj, at unfavourable (adj)mess with sthbe no goodbe/mean nothing


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for nothing bfor showin vainbe (strictly) for the birdsuntil you are blue in the facebe chasing your tail

shifting/rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanicshut/close the stable/barn door after the horse has boltedbe (living) in a dream worldbe not any/much good, at be no goodwhat good is ...what's the good of ..., at what good is ...run round like a headless chickenfor the hell of itIt's more than my job's worth.be at a loose endbe lost on sba mug's gameoutlive your usefulness

be past your sell-by dateWhat's the use of...?What use is...?, at What's the use of...?water off a duck's back

expedience /kspi.di. n t s/noun [ U ] ( ALSOexpediency ) FORMALwhen something is helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not

morally acceptableAs a matter ofexpedience, we will not be taking on any new staff this year.I think this government operates on the basis of expediency, not of principle.

expedient /kspi.di. nt/adjectiveFORMAL

helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable

It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished.The management has taken a series of expedient measures to improve the

company's financial situation.

expeditionary /ek.spd. n. r.i//-er-/adjectiveexpeditionary force/unita group of soldiers sent to another country to fight in a war

expedite/ek.sp.dat/verb [ T ]FORMAL

to cause to be done more quickly; to hurry

Something needs to be done to expedite the process.

expedition /ek.spd. n/noun SPEED3. [ U ] FORMAL speed in doing something

We will deal with your order with the greatest possible expedition.


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expeditious /ek.spd.s/adjective FORMALquickThe bank was expeditious in replying to my letter.

accelerate v 3

acceleration n 2alacrity nbustle vdouble-quick adv 1expedite vexpedition n SPEED 3expeditious adjexpeditiously adv, at expeditious (adj)frantic adj HURRIED 2frantically adv HURRIEDLY 1hasten v 1hasten v 2

hasten v 3hasty adjhastily adv, at hasty (adj)hastiness n, at hasty (adj)hop v 2hurried adjhurriedly adv, at hurried (adj)hurry vhurry njump v MOVE/ACT SUDDENLY 3mad adj HURRYING 4madly adv QUICKLY 1pounce v

precipitate adjprecipitate adjective ( ALSOprecipitous ) FORMAL

If an action is precipitate, it is done sooner or faster than expected and without

enough thought or preparationDon't be precipitate - think it through before you make a decision.

precipitately advprecipitately adverb FORMAL

in a way that is too sudden and without thinking

Scientists are annoyed that the research programme has been abandoned soprecipitately.

precipitation n QUICK ACTION 2prompt adjpromptly advquickie nrush v GO/DO QUICKLY 1rush n HURRY 1rush n HURRY 2rush n HURRY 3


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rushed adjrush job nscrabble v 3scramble n QUICK MOVEMENT 2scramble n QUICK MOVEMENT 3sharpish adv

smart adj QUICK 4snap adjspeed n RATE OF MOVEMENT 3speedy adjspeedily adv, at speedy (adj)throw v MOVE QUICKLY 3trot v HURRY 3precipitous adj, at precipitate (adj)bring sth forwardcobble sth togetherdash sth offgallop through sthhurry (sb/sth) up

patch sth togetherrattle sth offrattle through sthrush into sththrow sth togetherin double-quick timelike it's going out of fashionflat outmake light work of sth/doing sthbe quick to do sthnot take longin no time

against time/the clockget off your arseget your arse in gear, at get off your arselike nobody's businesslike the clappersagainst the clock 1with dispatchlike a dose of saltsat/on the doubleon the back of an envelopein a flashquick as a flash, at in a flashlike greased lightning

More haste less speed.jump the gunlike madget a move onhit/press/push the panic buttonbe on the run 2on the runmake short work of sthmake short shrift of sth


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step on itat the stroke of a penbe in a tearing hurryin next to no time, at in no timebe pressed for timelike there is/was no tomorrow

doff/df//df/verb [ T ] OLD-FASHIONEDto remove your hat, usually to show respect

Compare don

Main Entry: ineluctablePronunciation:*i-ni-*l*k-t*-b*l

Function:adjective

Etymology:Latin ineluctabilis, from in- + eluctari to struggle clear of, from ex- + luctarito struggle, wrestle; akin to Latin luxus dislocated more at LOCK

Date:circa 1623

: not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : INEVITABLE *an ineluctable fate*

ineluctability \-*l*k-t*-*bi-l*-t*\ noun

ineluctably \-*l*k-t*-bl*\ adverb

unwonted /nwn.td//-wn.t d/adjective [ before noun ] FORMALunusual; not often experienced or shownHe sprang to the telephone with unwonted eagerness.

guerrilla ( ALSOguerilla ) adjectiveusing unusual methods to get attention for your ideas, products, etcguerrilla marketing

incongruous adjectiveunusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happeningThe new computer looked incongruous in the dark book-filled library.Itseems incongruous to have a woman as the editor of a men's magazine.

transcendental adjective FORMALdescribes an experience, event, object or idea that is extremely special and

unusual and cannot be understood in ordinary waysa transcendental vision of the nature of God

Main Entry:caparisonPronunciation:k*-*per-*-s*n, -*pa-r*-

Function:nounEtymology:Middle French capara*on, from Old Spanish caparaz*n

Date:1579

1 a : an ornamental covering for a horse b : decorative trappings and harness

2 : rich clothing : ADORNMENT


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innocuous /nk.ju.s//-n.kju-/adjectivecompletely harmless (= causing no harm)Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous.

copper-bottomed adjective

1. UK describes a plan, deal or investment that can be trusted completelybecause it is safe and certain to succeed

inviolate adjective [ after verb ] FORMAL(that must be) not harmed or damagedFor centuries the tomb lay inviolate until, by chance, it was discovered by two

miners.

capitulate /kpt.j.let/verb [ I ]1. to accept military defeat

Their forces capitulated five hours after the Allied bombardment of the city began.2. to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly

The sports minister today capitulatedto calls for his resignation.

acquiesce verb [ I ] FORMALto accept or agree to something, often unwillingly

Reluctantly, he acquiescedto/in the plans.quietism noun [ U ] FORMAL

the belief that it is best to accept things in life and not try to change them

defer tosb/sthphrasal verb FORMALto allow someone or something to make decisions for you or tell you what to

do, even if you disagree with them, because of your respect for them or because of

their higher rank, authority, knowledge, etc.I have to defer to my boss on important decisions.I defer to (= accept) your judgment.

condescend to dosthIf you condescend to do something, you agree to do something which you do

not consider to be good enough for your social position

I wonder if Michael will condescend to visit us?

flout /at/verb [ T ]to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom

Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets.The orchestra decided to floutconvention/tradition, and wear their everyday

clothes for the concert.

breach n BROKEN PROMISE/RULE 1breach v BREAK PROMISE/RULE 1break v NOT OBEY 4-breaker suffix NOT OBEY 2

clean adj HONEST 3commission n CRIME 4

commission noun CRIME4. [ U ] FORMALORLEGAL the act of committing a crime

the commission of the crime/offence/murdercommit v CRIME 1comply vcontempt n NOT OBEYING 3


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contravene vcontravene verb [ T ] FORMAL

to do something that a law or rule does not allow, or to break a law or rule

This contravenes the Race Relations Act.

contravention n, at contravene (v)

contravention noun [ C or U ]By accepting the money, she was in contravention ofcompany regulationsdisobey venforce vflout vfollow v OBEY 5infraction ninfraction noun [ C or U ] FORMAL

when someone breaks a rule or lawAny attempt to influence the judges will be seen as an infraction ofthe rules.

infringe vinfringement nlaw-abiding adjlaw and order nlegit adjobey v 1observance nobserve v OBEY 4offend v COMMIT CRIME 2perpetrate vperpetration n, at perpetrate (v)recidivism n, at recidivist (n)recidivism noun [ U ]

recidivist /rsd..vst/noun [ C ] SPECIALIZEDa criminal who continues to commit crimes even after they have been punished

self-incrimination ntransgress vvenal adj 1violate v 1violate v 2violation ncontempt of court n, at contempt (n) NOT OBEYING 3abide by sthadhere to sth

conform to/with sthhold sb to sthstick to sth 2run/fall afoul of sth/sbaid and abet sbbe in breach of sththe guilty partyjump bailpervert the course of justice


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respect sb's wishesthou shaltbend the law/rulesgo by the book/do sth by the bookbuck the systemclean up your act

fall foul of sthon the right/wrong side of the law

impunity /mpju.n.ti//-.t i/noun [ U ]freedom from punishment or from the unpleasant results of something that has

been done

Criminal gangs are terrorizing the citywith apparent impunity.

.absolve vamnesty n 1

amnesty n 2clear v PROVE INNOCENCE 3clemency n KINDNESS 1clemency noun [ U ] FORMALKINDNESS

1. kindness when giving a punishmentThe jury passed a verdict of guilty, with an appeal to the judge for clemency.

commutation ncommutation noun [ U ] LEGAL

when a punishment is changed to one that is less severeHis execution became certain when the state board refused his request for

commutation.

commute v CHANGE 4diplomatic immunity ndischarge v ALLOW TO LEAVE 1discharge n PERMISSION TO LEAVE 1free pardon nimpunity npardon v 2pardon nparole nparole v, at parole (n)privilege n 4remission n REDUCTION 2

remission noun REDUCTION2. [ U ] UK LEGAL a reduction of the time that a person has to stay in prisonHe was given three months' remission for good behaviour.

remit v REDUCE 1reprieve n 1reprieve v 1royal pardon nscot-free adv


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spare v SAVE 1unpunished adjpardon n, at free pardon (n)get away with sth AVOID PUNISHMENT 1get (sb) off (sth) 1let sb off

get off lightlyget off lightly; let sb off lightlyget away with murderoff the hook 2

sine qua non /sn.e.kwnn//-non/noun [ S ] FORMALa necessary condition without which something is not possible

An interest in children is a sine qua non ofteaching.

nexus noun [ C usually singular ] FORMALan important connection between the parts of a system or a group of thingsTimes Square is the nexus of the New York subway.

nub noun [ S ]the most important or basic part of somethingWhat do you think is the nub ofthe problem?

the linchpin ofthe most important member of a group or part of a system, that holds together

the other members or parts or makes it possible for them to operate as intendedWoodford is the linchpin of the British athletics team.

vituperative /vatju.p r..tv//-tu.p.re.t v/adjective FORMALA vituperative spoken or written attack is full of angry criticismMiss Snowden yesterday launched a vituperative attack on her ex-boss and former

lover.

beef n COMPLAINT 3beef v

beefverb [ I ] INFORMALto complain

He was beefing abouthaving to do the shopping.

bellyache vbellyache verb [ I ] INFORMAL

to complain

I wish you'd stop bellyaching and just get on with the job.

bellyaching n, at bellyache (v)bemoan vbesiege v 3

bewail vbitch n COMPLAINT 4bitch vbleat v 2brouhaha nbrouhaha noun [ U ] OLD-FASHIONEDINFORMAL

a lot of noise or angry complaining about somethingthe brouhaha overhis latest film


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carp vcarp verb [ I ]

to complain all the time about matters which are not important

I can't stand the way he's always carping.

cavil v

cavil verb [ I ] -ll- or US USUALLY -l- FORMALto make unreasonable complaints, especially about things that are not

important

cavil n, at cavil (v)chunter vchunter verb [ I ] UK INFORMAL

to complain, especially in a low voiceAl was chuntering (on) aboutbeing the last to know what was happening.

clamorous adj 1clamour n 1

complain v 1complain v 2complainingly adv, at complain (v)complainant ncomplaint n REPORT OF A PROBLEM 1conchie nconchie noun [ C ]

OLD-FASHIONEDINFORMALFOR conscientious objector (= someone who refuses to

work in the armed forces for moral or religious reasons)

expostulate vexpostulate verb [ I ] FORMAL

to express disagreement or complaint

Walter expostulatedwith the waiteraboutthe size of the bill.

expostulation n, at expostulate (v)grievance ngripe ngripe v, at gripe (n)grizzle vgrizzle verb [ I ] DISAPPROVING

(especially of a young child) to cry continuously but not very loudly, or to

complain all the timeThe baby was cutting a tooth and grizzled all day long.They're always grizzling (= complaining) abouthow nobody invites them

anywhere.

groan n 2groan v 2grouch vgrouch ngrouse n COMPLAINT 2grouse vgrumble v 1


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grumbler n, at grumble (v)grumble nlike v ENJOY 2moan v COMPLAIN 2moaner n, at moan (v) COMPLAINmoan n COMPLAINT 2

moaning minnie nmurmur v COMPLAIN 2murmur n COMPLAINT 3mutter vmutter n COMPLAINT 2mutterings nnag vnagging adj 1nagging nnark n ANNOYING PERSON 3old woman npeep n SOMETHING SAID 1petty adj 2

protest n 1protest v 2protestation nquerulous adjquerulously adv, at querulous (adj)quibble vquibble noun [ C ] DISAPPROVING

a complaint or criticism about something that is not very important

My only quibble is that the colour wasn't very nice.

quibble nrail v

remonstrate vremonstrance n, at remonstrate (v)report v TELL 3represent v ACT FOR 3rumbling n 1squawk v 2squeal v 2start v BEGIN 5vituperative adjvituperation n, at vituperative (adj)wail v 2whine v 1whine v 2

whiner nwhinge vwhinge n, at whinge (v)whinger nclamor n, at clamour (n) 1cry out against sthharp onkick off COMPLAIN 2sit in COMPLAIN 1


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start on at sbwrite sb upno buts (about it)make an issue of sthlodge a claim/complaint/protest, etc.cry foul

gnash your teeth 2gnashing of teethteeth-gnashing, at gnashing of teethhuff and puff 2kick up a fuss/row/stinkmake a noise about sthmake noises 2make a noise, at make noises 2be/go on at sbPardon me for breathing/existing/living!make representations/a representation to sb/sthraise a rumpusraise a rumpus ( UK ALSOkick up a rumpus )

to make a forceful complaintYou should raise a rumpus about the lack of safety routines here.

kick up a rumpus, at raise a rumpuscreate/kick up/raise a stink

abjure /bd r //-dr/verb [ T ] FORMALto state publicly that you no longer agree with a belief or way of behavingHe abjured his religion/his life of dissipation.

demur verb [ I ] -rr-FORMAL

to express disagreement or refuse to do somethingThe lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred.

disavow verb [ T ] FORMALto say that you know nothing about something, or that you have no

responsibility for or connection with somethingThey were quick to disavow the rumour.She tried to disavow her past.

foreclose verb PREVENT2. [ T ] FORMAL to prevent something from being considered as a possibility in

the future

The leader's aggressive stance seems to have foreclosed any chance ofdiplomatic compromise.

gainsay verb [ T often in negatives ] gainsaid , gainsaid FORMALto refuse to accept something as the truth

Certainly there's no gainsaying (= It is not possible to doubt) the technicalbrilliance of his performance.nix verb [ T ] US INFORMAL


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to stop, prevent or refuse to accept somethingThe film studio nixed her plans to make a sequel.

punt verb KICK2. [ T ] US INFORMAL If you punt something, you decide not to do or include it

We were running out of time, so we decided to punt the sightseeing and just

go shopping.

repudiate verb [ T ] FORMALto refuse to accept something or someone as true, good or reasonableHe repudiated the allegation/charge/claim that he had tried to deceive them.I utterly repudiate those remarks.

be ill-disposed towardssbto not be friendly to someone or not support them

Most of the audience seemed ill-disposed towards the speaker.

adulation /d.jle. n/noun [ U ]very great admiration or praise for someone, especially when it is more than is

deservedMinelli is a born performer - she loves the excitement and she loves the adulation.

anachronism/nk.r.n.z m/noun [ C ]a person, thing or idea which exists out of its time in history, especially one which

happened or existed later than the period being shown, discussed, etc.For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed

to be protected.

anachronism nanachronistic adj, at anachronism (n)anachronistically adv, at anachronism (n)chronology nchronological adj, at chronology (n)chronologically adv, at chronology (n)contemporaneous adjcontemporaneous adjective FORMAL

happening or existing at the same period of time

The two events were more or less contemporaneous, with only monthsbetween them.

contemporaneously adv, at contemporaneous (adj)contemporary adj OF SAME PERIOD 2the fourth dimension nquality time n

retroactive adjretroactive adjective ( ALSOretrospective ) FORMAL

If a law or decision, etc. is retroactive, it has effect from a date before it wasapproved

the first British law to have retroactive effect

retroactively adv, at retroactive (adj)retrospective adjretrospective adjective


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relating to or thinking about the pasta retrospective album of solo Freddie Mercury tracks

retrospectively adv, at retrospective (adj)time n MINUTES/DAYS/YEARS 1time n PERIOD 12

-time suffixtime limit ntimeline n 1timeline n 2timing n 1twin adj 2retrospective adj, at retroactive (adj)cut into sthhave time

arbiter/.b.t r //r.b.t /noun [ C ]someone who makes a judgment or solves an argument or decides what will be

donethe arbiters of fashion/tasteThe government will be the finalarbiter in the dispute over the new road.

adjudicator n, at adjudicate (v)arbiter n-basher suffix CRITICIZE 2censor ncourt of inquiry ncritic n 1critic n 2examiner nexternal examiner ninvestigator n

judge n DECIDE 2judge n DECIDE 3jury n 2moderator n 3monitor n PERSON WHO WATCHES 1panel n TEAM 1panellist nreferee n JUDGE 2reviewer nstar chamber n star chamber noun [ C ] MAINLY UK FORMALDISAPPROVING

a court or other group which meets privately and makes judgments which can

be severe

panelist n, at panellist (n)

assiduous /sd.ju.s/adjective FORMALshowing hard work, care and attention to detailassiduous research/effortsan assiduous student


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The Government has been assiduous in the fight against inflation.assiduous adjassiduously adv, at assiduous (adj)assiduousness n, at assiduous (adj)concentrated adj GIVING ATTENTION 1conscientious adj

conscientiously adv, at conscientious (adj)conscientiousness n, at conscientious (adj)effort n 1elbow grease nexertion n EFFORT 1fight n 2hard adv USING EFFORT 1heroically adv, at heroic (adj)kill v EFFORT 4mightily advovercompensate vovercompensate verb [ I ]

to try too hard to correct a problem, therefore creating a new problem

Chris is one of those small men who overcompensate fortheir lack of heightwith a larger than life personality.

painstaking adjpainstakingly advperseverance npush n ATTEMPT 3rearguard action n rearguard action noun [ C or U ]

a final attempt to prevent something from happeningThe unions were determined to fighta rearguard action againstthe

government's plans to strip them of their powers.

shot n ATTEMPT 4slog n HARD WORK 1strenuous adjstrenuously adv, at strenuous (adj)struggle v FIGHT 5struggle n EFFORT 1thirsty work ntrial and error nplough through sth 2put sth in/put sth into sthwork up sth

apply yourselftake some doinglaboursbe at pains to do sthgo to/take great pains to do sthbust a gutbust a gut INFORMAL

to work very hard or make a big effort to achieve somethingI really bust a gut to get that report finished on time.


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hard at itset/put your mind to sthbe running on empty 1

avarice/v. r.s//--/noun [ U ]FORMAL

an extremely strong want to get or keep money or possessions; greedHer business empire brought her wealth beyond the dreams ofavarice (= an

extremely large amount of money) .

avarice navaricious adj, at avarice (n)avariciously adv, at avarice (n)consumerism n 2glutton ngluttonous adj 1gluttonously adv, at gluttonous (adj)gluttony ngourmand n

grabby, at grab (n)grasping adjgreed ngreedy adjgreedily adv, at greedy (adj)greediness n, at greedy (adj)greedy-guts nhog n PERSON 3hoggish adjMammon nMammon noun [ U ] LITERARY

the force which makes people try to become as rich as possible and the belief

that this is the most important thing in life

materialism n MONEY 1materialist n MONEY 1materialistic adjmercenary adjmoney-grubbing adjmoney-grubbing adjective DISAPPROVING

Someone or something that is money-grubbing has money as their maininterest and does anything they can to get a lot of it.

pig n EATS TOO MUCH 5piggy n

rapacious adjrapacious adjective FORMAL

having or showing a strong wish to take things for yourself, usually using unfairmethods or force

a rapacious landlord/businessmanher rapacious appetite for fame

rapaciously adv, at rapacious (adj)rapaciousness n, at rapacious (adj)


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rapacity n, at rapacious (adj)wolfish adjsb's eyes are bigger than their belly/stomach

beatific/bi.tf.k/adjectiveLITERARY

expressing happiness and calmness, especially in a holy wayThe angels in the painting have beatificsmiles .

beatific adjbeatifically adv, at beatific (adj)bittersweet adj EMOTION 1blissed out adj, at bliss (sb) outblissful adjblissfully adv, at blissful (adj)blithe adjblithely adv, at blithe (adj)blithe adjective OLD-FASHIONED

happy and without worryShe shows a blithe disregard for danger.

breezy adj HAPPY 2bright adj HAPPY 4brightly adv, at bright (adj) HAPPYbrighten v HAPPIER 2charmed adj 1cheerful adj 1cheerfully adv, at cheerful (adj)cheery adjcheerily adv, at cheery (adj)

chipper adjchipper adjective INFORMAL

very happy

You seem mighty chipper this morning - what's up?

chirpy adjchirpily adv, at chirpy (adj)chuffed adjchuffed adjective [ after verb ] UK INFORMAL

pleased or happyHe was really chuffed with his present.

contented adjcontentedly adv, at contented (adj)delighted adjdelightedly adv, at delighted (adj)delirious adj 2deliriously adv, at delirious (adj)ecstatic adjecstatically adv, at ecstatic (adj)elated adj


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enraptured adjepicurean adjepicurean adjective FORMAL

getting pleasure from food and drink of high quality

euphoric adj

euphorically adv, at euphoric (adj)exalted adj HAPPY 2exultant adjexultantly adv, at exultant (adj)festive adjfootloose adjfootloose adjective

free to do what you like and go where you like because you have no

responsibilitiesMy sister's married but I'm still footloose and fancy-free .

fulfilled adjgaily advgay adj HAPPY 2glad adjgladly advgleeful adj, at glee (n)gleefully adv, at glee (n)gruntled adjhappily adv PLEASED 1happy adj PLEASED 1happy camper n happy camper noun [ C ] HUMOROUS

someone who is happy with the situation they are in

She's just found out about the pay cut and she's not a happy camper.

high-spirited adj PERSON 1incandescent adj QUALITY 3jaunty adjjauntily adv, at jaunty (adj)jolly adj HAPPY 1joyful adjjoyfully adv, at joyful (adj)joyous adjjoyously adv, at joyous (adj)jubilant adjjubilantly adv, at jubilant (adj)

light-hearted adjloved-up adj 1loved-up adjective

1. SLANG feeling very happy, loved by other people, and loving other people,especially after taking drugs such as ecstasy

loved-up kids

made-up adj HAPPY 3made-up adjective HAPPY


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3. [ after verb ] NORTHERNINFORMAL very happy about something good whichhas happened

I was made-up when she offered me the job.

merrily adv 1merry adj HAPPY 1

nostalgic adjnostalgically adv, at nostalgic (adj)overjoyed adjperky adjperkily adv, at perky (adj)pleased adj 1proud adj SATISFIED 1proudly advrapturous adjrapturously adv, at rapturous (adj)sunny adj HAPPY 2swoon v 1thrilled adj

up adj HAPPY 3wrapped adj HAPPY 2rapt adj, at wrapped (adj) HAPPY 2bliss (sb) outbuck (sb/sth) upcheer (sb) upbe of good cheerin transports (of delight)be walking/floating on airnot believe your luckbright-eyed and bushy-tailedbe on cloud nine

be dancing in the streetsbe floating on airbe full of the joys of springbe as high as a kite 2jump for joylook/feel (like) a million dollarslook/feel (like) a million bucks, at look/feel (like) a million dollarsbe over the moon(as) pleased as Punchpleased with yourselfbe in seventh heaventhrilled to bitson top of the world

walk on air

Main Entry:bilkPronunciation:*bilk


Etymology:perhaps alteration of 2balk

Date:1647


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1 : to block the free development of : FRUSTRATE *fate bilks their hopes*

2 a : to cheat out of something valuable : DEFRAUD b : to evade payment of or to*bilks his creditors*

3 : to slip away from *bilked her pursuers*

bilker noun

bona fide( ALSObonafide ) /b.nfa.di//bo-/adjectivereal, not falseMake sure you are dealing with a bona fide company.

actual adj 1actually adv IN FACT 1apocryphal adjapocryphal adjective FORMAL

describes a story that is probably not true although often told and believed by

some people to have happened

an apocryphalstoryIt's a good story but I dare say it's apocryphal.

Main Entry:apocryphalPronunciation:-f*l

Function:adjective

Date:1590

1 : of doubtful authenticity : SPURIOUS2 often capitalized : of or resembling the Apocrypha

synonyms see FICTITIOUSapocryphally \-f*-l*\ adverb

apocryphalness noun

Main Entry:apocryphaPronunciation:*-*p*-kr*-f*

Function:noun plural but singular or plural in constructionEtymology:Medieval Latin, from Late Latin, neuter plural of apocryphus secret, not

canonical, from Greek apokryphos obscure, from apokryptein to hide away, fromapo- + kryptein to hide more at CRYPT

Date:14th century

1 : writings or statements of dubious authenticity2 capitalized a : books included in the Septuagint and Vulgate but excluded from

the Jewish and Protestant canons of the Old Testament see BIBLE table b : earlyChristian writings not included in the New Testament

authentic adjauthentically adv, at authentic (adj)

baseless adjbogus adjbona fide adjchimerical adj, at chimera (n)Main Entry:chimericalPronunciation:k*-*mer-i-k*l, k*-, -*mir-

Variant:also chimeric \-ik\Function:adjective

Etymology:chimera


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Date:1638

1 : existing only as the product of unchecked imagination : fantastically visionary or

improbable2 : given to fantastic schemes

synonyms see IMAGINARYchimerically \-i-k(*-)l*\ adverbMain Entry:chimera

Pronunciation:k*-*mir-*, k*-

Function:nounEtymology:Latin chimaera, from Greek chimaira she-goat, chimera; akin to Old

Norse gymbr yearling ewe, Greek cheim*n winter more at HIBERNATE

1 a capitalized : a fire-breathing she-monster in Greek mythology having a lion'shead, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail b : an imaginary monster compounded of

incongruous parts2 : an illusion or fabrication of the mind; especially : an unrealizable dream *a

fancy, a chimera in my brain, troubles me in my prayer John Donne*

3 : an individual, organ, or part consisting of tissues of diverse genetic constitutionconcrete adjcounterfeit adjde facto adj advde facto adjective [ before noun ] , adverb FORMAL

existing in fact, although not necessarily intended, legal or accepted

The city is rapidly becoming the de facto centre of the financial world.He's her de facto husband though they're not actually married.English is de facto the common language of much of the world today.If it is on British soil then it is de facto British.

documentary adj 2

dreamlike adjdummy n NOT REAL 2dummy adjeffective adj IN FACT 2effectively adv 2empirical adjempirical adjective

based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theoryThis theory needs to be backed up with solid empiricaldata/evidence .Empiricalstudies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely

effective.

empirically adv, at empirical (adj)exclude v 3fabulous adj NOT REAL 2factual adjfactually adv, at factual (adj)fairy-tale adjfaithful adj ACCURATE 4false adj NOT REAL 1falsely adv NOT TRUE 1fictional adj


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fictitious adjgenuine adj 1genuinely adv, at genuine (adj)gritty adj UNPLEASANT AND TRUE 3honest-to-goodness adjidealized adj, at idealize (v)

idealization n, at idealize (v)illusory adjimaginary adjincontrovertible adjincontrovertible adjective FORMAL

impossible to doubt because of being obviously trueincontrovertibleproof/evidenceHer logic is utterly incontrovertible.

incontrovertibly adv, at incontrovertible (adj)insubstantial adj IMAGINARY 2invention n NOT TRUE 2legendary adj FROM A STORY 2lifelike adjmade-up adj INVENTED 2mendacious adjmendacious adjective FORMAL

not telling the truth

Some of these statements are mi

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