all groups

7/25/2019 All Groups

1/76

TRANSITIONELEMENTS

REPRESENTATIVEELEMENTS

Groups 3-12 Groups 1, 2, 13 -18

ELEMENTS


2/76

STATES OF MATTER


3/76

Group 1 - the Alkali Metals

Group 2 - the Alkaline Earth etals


4/76

Groups 1 and 2

very reactive

always found in nature combined with otherelements.

all are metals except , the first element in Group 1

is placed in Group 1

but shares properties with Group 1 and Group 1!.


5/76

silvery solids with "

- low densities

#soft can be cut with $nife%

- low meltin& points

Group 1 : Alkali Metals

'eact by losin& 1 electron

are more reactive as you move down the column

explosively reactive with water (a) and *) are important in our cells

+ommonl forms salts #(a+l% and oxides

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr


6/76

denser

harder

hi&her meltin& point

less reactive

Group 2 : Alkaline Earth Metals

than the al$ali metal in the same period.

important in our bodies

+a #teeth, bones,muscles%

#/, 0(, '(%

'eact by losin& 2 electrons


7/76

Groups

13 - 18


8/76

Groups 1 and 2

all solids

all metals

Groups 13-18

a sin&le &roup can contain

metals

nonmetals

metalloids

solids

liuids

&ases.


9/76

Group 1!" the #oronFail$


10/76

Group 13The Boron Family

all are metals except Boron a !rittle semi-metal

"#E# $F B$%$&

emi-conductors

ssential plant nutrient

4oric acid

- deter&ent- insecticide- eye wash


11/76

luminum

ost abundant metal in arth5s crust

6i&ht wei&ht, non-corrosive metal

"#E#

+ans, luminum foil

/ots and pans

/lanes

0oors, windows


12/76

Gallium solid metal

melts at 37 +melts in your hand.

semiconductors.


13/76

"Group


14/76

non-metal

base of all livin& thin&s

'G(9+ +9':

49+9':

study of chemical reactions of + compounds in ourbody

exists as an element in several forms.


15/76

Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.

0iamonds- ardest material and form of +

- ;se < =ewellry, drill bits

Graphite

- oftest form of +

- ;sed as lubricant, pencils, semiconductor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png


16/76

9-6

ilicon Germanium


17/76


18/76

he heaviest elements in Group 1>.


19/76


20/76

Group 1(" the Nitro)enGroup


21/76

reuired by livin& thin&s proteins

Genetic material - 0(

ner&y stora&e - /

(9'G( (0 //';


22/76

87 ? of atmosphere is (2#diatomic atom%

(o color, taste, smell and non-toxic

ostly 9('


23/76

@e can5t use

(2&as in the air.


24/76

;

fertiliAers.

cleaner and disinfectant when dissolved in water.

e.&. @index


25/76

'($#'($%"#

A))$T%$'E#1% *(+TE#very reactive%

can5t be exposed to oxy&en in the air or it will

burst into flames.

2% %E,#less reactive%

used in matches

i&nites from the heat produced by friction


26/76

(96 B'

healthy teeth and bones.

/lants

< included in plantfertiliAers


27/76


28/76

Group 1*" the O+$)en Group


29/76

heavier members

ellurium

/olonium both metalloids.


30/76


31/76

27 ? of atmosphere readily combines with other elements

abundant in arth5s roc$s and minerals

reuired for combustion #respiration%


32/76

;//' /'

/rotects us from ;C radiation from sun

6@' /'

Bormed by car pollution

- part of smo& < toxic and irritant

0.00006%


33/76

eeth whitener

eeth whitener


34/76


35/76

one of the most commonly used chemicals in theworld.

D ) )

"#E#

+ar batteries

paints

fertiliAers deter&ents

synthetic fibers

rubber


36/76


37/76


38/76

conducts electricity when exposed to li&ht

"#E#

solar cells

li&ht meters

photo&raphic materials.

race amounts necessary for &ood health


39/76

Group 1," the alo)ens


40/76

Group , . The halo)ens

B

+l

4r

9

t


41/76

F - brown gasCl - green gas

Br - liquid

I - solid


42/76

Decreasing

reactivity

4) Reactivity DECREASES as you go down te grou!

Bluorine E +hlorine E 4romine E 9odine

F

Cl

Br

I


43/76

means Fsalt-former.

1% ll form salts with (a and with the other al$alimetals.

"a

#

Cl

-

"a Cl#

A$%A$I &etal # 'alogen I("IC SA$


44/76

' Cl# Cl '

B


45/76

Cl Cl

B2

+l2

4r2

92


46/76

Added to drin*ing water and toot!asteto !rotect teet

EF$("


47/76

Disin+ect water

Bleac ,witener)

.C

'Cl acid


48/76

disin+ectant in water treat&ent

+ire retardant ce&icals


49/76

/oiter0 iodine de+iciency

,added to salt to !revent it)

Antise!tic


50/76

Group 1/ . The No'le )ases

e

(e

r

*r

He

'n


51/76

&$B)E GA#E#

ave B;66 valence shell

e D 2, others D 8

reactivity is very low D almost 9('

rarely combine with other elements

;sually found uncombined in nature.

(E)+"M


52/76

(E)+"Mligter ten air

used in balloons and airsi!s

1ill run out in 23-3 yrs

esca!es to outer s!ace

&E$& )+G(T#


53/76

&E$& )+G(T#

&E$& )+G(T#


54/76

&E$& )+G(T# ach noble &as produces a uniue color.

elium < yellow

(eon - red-oran&e

r&on - blue-violet *rypton - white

Henon - blue


55/76

r&on

used in incandescent li&hts to conserve

filament

*rypton < cheap car li&hts

Henon < expensive car li&hts

strobe li&hts.


56/76

%A,$&-radioactive &as

-colorless, orderless, tasteless &as

-produced naturally as uranium decays in roc$sand soil

- can cause lun& cancer


57/76

TRANSITIONELEMENTS

REPRESENTATIVEELEMENTS

Groups 3-12 Groups 1, 2, 13 -18

ELEMENTS


58/76

TRANSITION

ELEMENTSrepresent the transitionbeteen !ro"p # elements an$ !ro"p & elements.


59/76


60/76

ll l


61/76

ll are metals.

their properties don5t chan&e as much asrepresentative elements when &oin& across aperiod.

ost are found in nature as

' -metal combined with otherelements
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/fontbote/teaching/lehne_oredressing/2_callion_ore.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/mineral/fontbote/teaching/lehne_oredressing/lehne_oredressing.html&usg=__ZDFv5rmcQBz0EmR8gVzed7cvxzQ=&h=517&w=780&sz=81&hl=es&start=4&um=1&tbnid=r4XrnS-V4sKITM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=142&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgold%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.icon-treasures.com/silver2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.icon-treasures.com/silver2.html&usg=__EG-UzeYWjUOkyjsBNtTHafIwx50=&h=413&w=400&sz=27&hl=es&start=9&um=1&tbnid=8GvtvX03ITxA3M:&tbnh=125&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsilver%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/usa/images-3/iron-ore.jpg&imgrefurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/usa/pages-3/Parents-arrested-after-making-child-eat-iron-weights-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html&usg=__MWDZuERvtLizTzHNG7lhxv_zYzY=&h=335&w=360&sz=103&hl=es&start=1&um=1&tbnid=qsEinDqKXKnvfM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diron%2Bore%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1


62/76

"#E#

ost have hi&her meltin& points than the

representative elements.

;(G( D the filaments of li&ht bulbs

the hi&hest m.p. of any metal #3,>17I+%

wont melt when a current passes throu&h it.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/5076945/220932_Full.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ehow.com/about_5076945_halogen-lights.html&usg=__wOionmixZMjNj5DpSDYx-RQzP9E=&h=375&w=500&sz=21&hl=es&start=13&um=1&tbnid=X04pW39mgMiIuM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtungsten%2Bfilament%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1


63/76

ME%"%.

has the lowest m.p. of any metal #


64/76

+%$& T%+A,

all have ma&neticproperties.

three elements in period > with very similar

properties- 9ron

- +obalt

- (ic$el

+%$& T%+A,


65/76

+%$& T%+A,

9ndustrial ma&nets- an alloy of nic$el, cobalt, and aluminum.

(i+ad batteries D (ic$el ) +admium.

9ron - part of hemo&lobin, transports oxy&enin the blood.

6 D Be ) other metals ) +

$)$%
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hospitalitywholesale.com.au/products/heavy-duty-stainless-steel-bucket1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wholesalekitchenware.com.au/kitchen-miscellaneous-buckets/heavy-duty-stainless-steel-bucket-buckets.html&usg=__fher0NXsxhQ2eloWkgF7IHPRG04=&h=400&w=400&sz=15&hl=es&start=14&um=1&tbnid=yvQr_u9Z9nX5JM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstainless%2Bsteel%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.electronicsnmore.com/images/batt-511.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.electronicsnmore.com/index.php%3Fmanufacturers_id%3D12&usg=__NORKA8dkacFmV_yYKj7iHbyOP84=&h=440&w=440&sz=134&hl=es&start=5&um=1&tbnid=ySr4mXuoMKV7vM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnicad%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26um%3D1


66/76

$)$%

any transition elements form substances with

brilliant colors.

ex. +obalt < blue

+opper < &reen

luminum oxide - red

(46 6


67/76

Gold ilver

/latinum

'uthenium

'hodium

/alladium smium

9ridium

9(' #or almost% do not combine easily with

other elements.

do not oxidiAe maintain their shine

can be used as catalysts.

(46 6

+6:


68/76

+6:

a substance that can ma$e somethin& happen

faster but is not chan&ed itself.

ex. /latinum

(ic$el

Kinc

+obalt.

(2) platinum(2) 2) platinum

+&&E% T%A+T+$& E)EME&T#


69/76

+&&E% T%A+T+$& E)EME&T#

2 series1%)A&T(A&+,E#

2% +9(90

T(E )A&T(A&+,E#


70/76

/%A%E EA%T( META)#0

ctually very common < not so rare

difficult to separate because so similar in properties

AT+&+,E#


71/76

AT+&+,E#

all radioactive

nuclei are unstable and decay to form other elements

nly natural +9(90 on arth

#because of lon& half-life%

horium < 1> billion years

/rotactinium < 32,777 years

;ranium L >.M billion years

#.&T(ET+ AT+&+,E#


72/76

#.&T(ET+ AT+&+,E#

made in nuclear power plants or labs by crashin& nuclear particleswith each other

HALF-LIVES

'ost (ery short

"#E#

/lutonium - nuclear weapons

mericium - smo$e detectors.

+alifornium-2M2 - $ill cancer cells.

(A)F )+E#


73/76

)n"nocti"m * ms Ra$on &.+#&,-* $

)n"nsepti"m *0 ms 'en$ele(i"m *.* $

)n"nhei"m #0 ms Fermi"m 00.* $

)n"npenti"m m /insteini"m .#-## y)n"n"a$i"m .&& m 1romethi"m 2.2& y

Darmsta$ti"m , m 3ctini"m #.2+6* y

Roent!eni"m 0 m 1oloni"m 0#. y

)n"ntri"m #0 m Californi"m -00.6 y

Franci"m #.2 m Ber4eli"m &2- y'eitneri"m &0 m Ra$i"m .*-50&y

)n"nbi"m ,0 m 3merici"m 2&++ y

assi"m . h 1rotactini"m ++ y

Bohri"m .* h Nept"ni"m #.,**506y

7eabor!i"m .-, h 8echneti"m ,.#506y

Nobeli"m #.2+ h C"ri"m .*6502y

D"bni"m *.*6 h 1l"toni"m 2.-&502y

3statine +.06 h )rani"m ,.,250-y

Larenci"m 0 h 8hori"m .,06500y

R"therfor$i"m &. h Bism"th .-50-y


74/76


75/76

,entistry and ,ental Materials

0entists have been usin& amal&am for over1M7 years to fill cavities in decayed teeth.

6G

D silver ) copper ) tin ) mercury

D Fsilver fillin&.


76/76

all groups

Documents