all-in-onesolar thermal coolingandheatingsystem · 2016. 8. 12. · dry air cooler solar system...
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Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
BAVARIAN CENTER FOR APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH
Australian Solar Cooling 2013 ConferenceApril 12th, 2013 North Ryde, Australia
ZAE BayernWalther-Meißner-Str.6, 85748 Garching
Germany
www.zae-bayern.de
All-in-one Solar Thermal Cooling and Heating System
Manuel Riepl & Martin Helm
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Motivation
Approach:
Up to now:
High initial costs for planning and installation and invest
No or just very few standardized Systems available
-> Large effort for control system and operation needed
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 2
Approach:
All-in-one system for all needs of the customer: Heating, cooling and DHW
preparation with only one pre-engineered system
Quick and cost effective planning and installation process due to readily
packaged system (hydraulics and controls)
Fit-and-forget high efficient absorption chiller/heat pump
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Motivation (energetic)
Solar CoolingConventional solar cooling system with single stage (single-effect, SE) absorption chiller
• Hot water driven single stage absorption chiller
→ hot water from solar collector (THW ~ 90°C)
• In case of insufficient solar radiation and parallel cooling demand a backup heat source is
needed (mostly fossil fired hot water boilers)
• Rather poor utilization of primary energy of fossil fuel due to limited efficiency of the single-
effect chiller (COPSE ~ 0,70)
Improved utilization of fossil fuel is imperatively essential for a positive primary
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 3
→ Improved utilization of fossil fuel is imperatively essential for a positive primary
energy ratio for such a solar-cooling system
E
C1 G1
SHX1
A
Sin
gle
Sta
ge A
bsor
ptio
n C
hille
r
Hot WaterStorage
Solar Collector
Fossil firedbackup vessel
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Motivation
Approach: Addition of a high temperature stage with a direct gas fired high temperature generator (G2)
• Usage of fossil driving heat (flue gas
from a natural gas burner)
in double effect (DE) absorption
chiller offers higher efficiency
COPDE ~ 1,2
• Coupling of single- and double
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 4
• Coupling of single- and double
effect chiller (DE/SE) allows
simultaneous usage of hot water
(solar collectors) and fossil driving
heat
(COPDE/SE ~ 1,0)
→ improvement of
primary energy ratio as
compared to a single-effect
fossil backed-up system
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Motivation – Primary Energy Balance of ST-Cooling
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 5
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
All-in-one solution
Solar
collectors
Central Control Unitcontrols/electrics
HT
Pre-Designed Energy System (Ready-To-Use)
Interface
Hydraulic loops
Electric
communication
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 6
Buffer
Tank
Cooling Tower
Absorption
Heatpump
Chiller
(Boiler)
User
HT
MT
NT
Hydraulic Unit
Cooling
Heating Burner
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Flexible modes of operation
SummerSolar Cooling – (SE) Solar/Gas Cooling (DE/SE) Gas Driven Cooling (DE)
SE SE
DE DE
40°C 40°C 40°C90°C 90°C
15°C 15°C 15°CCOP = 0,75 COP = 1,0 COP = 1,2
Biomassburner
Gas burner
Cooling and DHW preparation
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research
Spring/Autumn/WinterSolar Direct Heating Heat Pump Operation Boiler Mode
DE
35°C
15°C 15°C 15°C
10°C
35°C
35°C
COPCh= 0,75 COPch = 1,0 COPch = 1,2
COPHP = 2,2
Solar Heat
(low temp)
Or: low temp
ambient heat (geo)
COPHP= 1
Gas burner
Gas burner
Heating and DHW preparation
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Problems with solar cooling with absorption chiller
- wet cooling tower (legionella, fog, high water treatment costs
- high reject heat temperatures with dry air cooler,
- high electrical power consumption during grid peak load (costs)
Solution: latent heat storage as heat sink in the reject heat loop
Additional feature: PCM Storage
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 8
Solution: latent heat storage as heat sink in the reject heat loop
Problems with solar supported heating
-bulky sensible heat storages
- high energy losses, due to high storage temperatures (up to 95 °C)
- decreasing collector efficiency at high storage temperatures
Solution: latent heat storage as additional low temperature storage
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
System design of the
pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
15°C18°C
32°C
90°C
80°C40°C
50 % dryheat rejection
50 % loadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARCOOLING
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
15°C18°C
32°C
90°C
80°C40°C
50 % dryheat rejection
50 % loadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARCOOLING
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 9
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER
SOLARSYSTEM
40°C32°C
36°C
32°C
36°C
storage
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER
SOLARSYSTEM
40°C32°C
36°C
32°C
36°C
storage
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
unloadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARCOOLING
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
unloadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARCOOLING
System design of the
pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 10
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER26°C
18°C
<24°C
26°C
<24°CHEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER26°C
18°C
<24°C
26°C
<24°C
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
45 – 90°C
directly solar
loadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARHEATING
loading hot
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
45 – 90°C
directly solar
loadinglatent heat
storage
SOLARHEATING
loading hot
System design of the
pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 11
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER
25 - 45°C
32°C
25°C
loading hot water tank
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
DRY AIRCOOLER
25 - 45°C
32°C
25°C
loading hot water tank
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
preheating bylatent heat
storage
SOLARHEATING
unloading hot water tank
CHILLER
AUX.BOILER
HOTWATERTANK
preheating bylatent heat
storage
SOLARHEATING
unloading hot water tank
System design of the
pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 12
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
DRY AIRCOOLER
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
27°C32°C
25°C
water tank
HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM
SOLARSYSTEM
DRY AIRCOOLER
LATENTHEAT
STORAGE
27°C32°C
25°C
water tank
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Phase change materialcalcium chloride hexahydrate
Phase change temperature28 - 29 °C
Latent Heat Storage for
Solar Cooling and Heating Systems
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 13
28 - 29 °C
Dimension: LxWxH 1,2 x 0,8 x 1,9 m
Heat content: ~ 80 kWh (22-36 °C)
Prototype successfully tested in more
than 800 loading and unloading cycles
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Heat Storage Principles- sensible and latent -
Q
Qlatent + sensibel
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 14
TTST1 T2
Qsensibel
Qlatent + sensibel
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Capacity Performance - LOADING -Temperatures range 20 to 40 °C
15
20
25
24-32°C
24-34°C
24-36°C
T0:00 - Tstorage-IN
LOADINGCapacity / kW
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 15
0
5
10
15
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00
24-36°C
24-38°C
24-40°C
20-32°C
20-34°C
20-36°C
20-38°C
20-40°C
time / hh:mm
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
UNLOADING
30
35
40
45
32-24°C
34-24°C
36-24°C
UNLOADING cycles
Capacity / kW
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 16
0
5
10
15
20
25
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00
36-24°C
38-24°C
40-20°C
32-20°C
34-20°C
36-20°C
38-20°C
time / hh:mm
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Hydraulic scheme
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 17
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Reject Heat Circuit Capacities- Latent Heat Storage supports Dry Air Cooler during Daytime
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 18
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Reject Heat Circuit Temperatures- Constant Cooling Water Temperature even on hot Days -
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 19
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Reject Heat Circuit Capacities- Unloading of the Latent Heat Storage during Nighttime -
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 20
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Daily Loading and Unloadingof the Latent Heat Storage
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 21
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Güntner
S-GFH 067B/3-S(S)-F6/6P
Güntner
S-GFH 080.2A/1-E(J)-F4/8P
Güntner
S-GFH 080.2B/1-E(J)-F4/6P
L BS
Ø13
L
Ø17
BL
Ø17
B
Exemplary reject heat system design - T_ambient air = 32 °C -
Dry cooler 40/35 °CDry cooler 40/36 °C
+ latent heat storage 36/32°CDry cooler 45/40 °C
+
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 22
S-GFH 067B/3-S(S)-F6/6P(LxWxH 3.5x1.1x1.4 m)
Capacity 24.6 kWT_IN / OUT 40 / 35 °CFlow 4.58 m³/helect. power 0.39 kWSurface 409.0 m²Price (cooler)6330.00 EUR
chilled water 13 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers
T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 35/40 °C)
S-GFH 080.2A/1-E(J)-F4/8P(LxWxH 2.3x1.1x1.4 m)
Capacity 12.7 + 12 kWT_IN / OUT 40 / 36 / 32 °CFlow 2.96 m³/helect. power 0.11 kWSurface 163.2 m²Price (cooler)3799.00 EUR
chilled water 15 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima SuninversT_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 32/40 °C)
S-GFH 080.2B/1-E(J)-F4/6P(LxWxH 2.7x1.1x1.4 m)
Capacity 24.7 kWT_IN 45 / 40 °CFlow 4.60 m³/helect. power 0.11 kWSurface 197.6 m²Price (cooler)4056.00 EUR
chilled water 8 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers
T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 40/45 °C)
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
Conclusion
Goals:
Low planning and installation effort and costs
Development of an All-in-one Solution
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 23
Easy full-automatic operation with negligible maintenance demand
High primary energy savings and low electricity demand (aim: COP ele > 15)
Wide scope of applications and locations can covered
Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org
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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney
© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research