alma stands for “atacama large millimeter array” and is ......diego mardones, universidad de...
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An ARC model for Chile A proposal for the best Chilean use of ALMA
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Diego Mardones, Universidad de Chile
ALMA stands for “Atacama Large Millimeter Array” and is also the spanish word for Soul
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1. ALMA observatory: A world wide effort
• Construction between 2003 and 2013.
• US$1500 million by a European, North-American, and Eastern Asian consortium.
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World = ALMA partners + Chile + others
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1. ALMA observatoryEarly Science observations with 16 antennas began in October 2011
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8 antennas on site in October 2010
• 32 antennas in 2012
• 48 antennas +ACA in 2013
• Full array available from 2014
<2 years for full ALMA
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The ALMA observatory
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1. ALMA observatory• >260 Terabytes of data expected per year
• Chile has 10% observing time
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• 4 copies of full database: Chile &
• Regional Center (ARC) user support in Europe, USA, and Japan for
• proposal preparation, • data distribution• Pipeline for data reduction, resulting in fully calibrated images• Tools for spectral analysis, line fits, chemistry, radiation transfer
Charlottsville, USA Mitaka, Japan
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The ALMA observatory
6ARCs really are integrated in ALMA
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The ALMA observatory
732 astronomers, 18 computing, 6 administrative
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The ALMA observatory
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2. Chile
• Young community of 100 astronomers +50 graduate students with few interferometry experts (~10%)
• JAO operates in Chile through agreements of each of the three ALMA executives:
• U. of Chile with AUI and NAOJ
• Conicyt with ESO
• Each executive
• grants 10% of its observing time to Chilean proposers
• supports Chilean astronomers as “members”
• provides some annual support to Chilean astronomy (ALMA-Conicyt fund)
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generates either union or fights
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2. Chile, first option: just use the 3 ARCs
• Happening by default if we don’t do anything
• school of: “why bother if the ARCs serve us anyway, let’s spend the money on postdocs”
• Issues:
• Need to retrieve data from northern hemisphere, slow and expensive.
• difficult user support
• “left behind” software & analysis development and use
• Benefits:
• Access to broad range of ALMA expertise for help
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2. Chile, second: create new ARC
• Huge effort in human and computer resources.
• Dimensioned based either on data (~10%), or on community size (~2%).
• Hard to represent all of ALMA science with limited personnel.
• unlikely (and no need to) to replace all of the ARC expertise.
• But ARC personnel have duties in:
1. ALMA operations
2. Data services
3. User support
• Benefit: Chileans can support international communities …
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2. Chile, third way: ARC-node +network
• Keeps official access to 3 ARCS
• Communications with ALMA and with Chileans are critical
• Minimum personnel required:
1. astronomer for high level communications with ALMA & Chile
1. postdoc to coordinate user support between ALMA staff & Chile
1. postdoc to coordinate data services & distribution
1. computer engineer to coordinate software development
• Network and adequate information services to keep community informed/educated
• 1 staff + 1 postdoc from each Chilean institution.
• Dedicated hardware for ALMA data center, either 10% or 100% of data.
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mini-ARC
micro-ARC
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3. A Chilean ALMA Center
• Is essential to support Chilean astronomers for competitive use of ALMA
• Only possible through combined expertise in computer sciences and astronomy, currently being implemented as
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1. Chilean-ALMA Network: led by Diego Mardones from UChile (2011-2012)
• 2010 ALMA-Conicyt US$130 000 grant 31100018: “Chilean Network Coordination for an ALMA Regional Center”
• 1 Faculty + 1 postdoc per participating institution.
• 5(8) Chilean Universities & the ALMA observatory.
• Establishment of computer servers and coordination with Computer Science efforts.
• Sharing of technical ALMA expertise.
• Organization of Chilean ALMA schools + tutorials, travel support.
2010: chair of ALMA-Chile committee which defined the Chilean access to ALMA time.
2002-2007: Chilean member of the ALMA Science Advisory Committee.
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3. A Chilean ALMA Center
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2. Establishing Chilean ARC Functionality:
• 2011 ALMA-Conicyt grant 31110012: “Establishing a Chilean ALMA Regional Center” led by Diego Mardones (US$200 000; 2012-2013)
• Astronomers from Chilean ALMA Network + Computer Scientists from UTFSM (Mauricio Solar) and CMM
• Hiring of postdoc #2 to coordinate data services & distribution.
• Conicyt hired Ramiro Franco-Hernandez (postdoc #1, 2011-2015), head of user support.
part of ALMA system
Professors UTFSM: Mauricio Solar, Cecilia Reyes, Horstvon Brand, Luis Salinas, Hector AllendeOrganized International ALMA Common Software conferences 2007-2010
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3. A Chilean ALMA Center
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2. Establishing Chilean ARC Functionality:
• Computer Sciences led by Mauricio Solar from UTFSM (27 people)
• 2008 ALMA-Conicyt grant 31080031: “Computer Science for ALMA: Strengthening Research and Development”
• 2009 ALMA-Conicyt grant 31090034: “Software Development for ALMA: Strengthening Collaboration Networks”
• Additional support from ESO, ALMA, NRAO.
Professors UTFSM: Mauricio Solar, Cecilia Reyes, Horstvon Brand, Luis Salinas, Hector AllendeOrganized International ALMA Common Software conferences 2007-2010
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3. A Chilean ALMA Center
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3. Computing development proposals:
• 2012-2014 submitted joint Fondeff proposal: “Development of an Astro-informatics platform for large-scale data processing and an ALMA Regional Center” (US$500 000)
• Mauricio Solar (UTFSM) & Computer Scientists from UCh, UdeC, PUC, USACH, UTFSM;
• with Diego Mardones (UCh) & astronomers from UdeC & PUC.
• 2011 fondequip proposal to start the Chilean ALMA data archive (US$300 000 rejected; to reapply in 2012)
Mauricio Solar (UTFSM, IA & HPC); John Atkinson (UdeC, IA); Karim Pichara (PUC, data mining); Vistor Parada (Usach, Optimization); Marcelo Mendoza (UTFSM, data mining);Andrés Escala (Co-I of Kawacs; Chilean connectivity for astronomy).
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ALMA data ratesn End of 2011: typically 1 MByte/s
n 10-100 GB/day,
n 2014 on:
n expected 1 TB/day, up to 300 TB/yr
n more data per unit time
n better sensitivity and image capability
n More shorter projects, say 10-30 min obs.
n Also advent of Large legacy projects, teams, …
n Full projects from 10 GB to 100 TB
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3. Current Chilean Computing Resources
• Computer clusters at UChile and PUC are sufficient for hydrodynamical simulations and analysis of Early Science ALMA observations.
• U Chile Astronomy: 80 cores, 160 GB RAM,20 TB in discs, US$50k
• PUC Astronomy: 1024 cores, US$1 million
• National Lab for High Performance Computing (2011+); 2000 cores US$3 million
• Dedicated ALMA data computer US$250 000/yr
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3. A Chilean ALMA Center
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3. Problems:
• No support from Conicyt, including active administrative and legal discouragement of current initiative … a war I never suspected or wished to be involved in.
• No long-term funding identified.
• 2 postdocs US$100 000
• computing, administration
• travel, publications
Mauricio Solar (UTFSM, IA & HPC); John Atkinson (UdeC, IA); Karim Pichara (PUC, data mining); Vistor Parada (Usach, Optimization); Marcelo Mendoza (UTFSM, data mining);Andrés Escala (Co-I of Kawacs; Chilean connectivity for astronomy).
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Thank You