alteration in body temperature
TRANSCRIPT
ALTERED BODY
TEMPERATURE
PRESENTED TO,
MRS. PRIYADARSINI JOHN
ASSOC. PROFESSOR
D.Y.P.S.O.N
INTRODUCTION
Body Temperature reflects the balance between the heat
produced and the heat lost from the body , and is measured in
the units called degrees .temperature can be expressed as c
and f. normal is 37ºc and 98.6ºf measured under tongue ,
axilla and rectum. The body continuously produces heat as a
by-product of metabolism . When the amount of heat
produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost , the
person is in heat balance.
PHYSIOLOGY OF BODY
TEMPERATURE
Neural and vascular control
Heat producing mechanism
1. Basal metabolism
2. voluntary movements
3. Shivering
4. Non- shivering thermogenesis
Heat loss
1. Radiation
2. Conduction
3. Convection
4. Evaporation
5. Skin
Behavioural control
ALTERATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
A condition in which the normal regulation or exchange between
heat produced by the body and heat lost by the body is disturbed
in such condition either body temperature increases above the
normal or decreases below the normal set of point.
There are 2 two primary alterations in body temperature :
1. Pyrexia
2. Hypothermia
PYREXIA : Temperature above normal
97.4ºF – 99ºF. Temperature more than 105ºF
is hyperpyrexia.
TYPES OF FEVER
INTERMITTENT FEVER ALTERNATES REGULARLY BETWEEN A PERIOD OF NORMAL AND
ABNORMAL
REMITTENT FEVER FLUCTUATES > 20C ,ABOVE NORMAL BUT DOES NOT REACH NORMAL.
CONSTANT FEVER REMAINS CONSISTANTLY ELEVATED (< 20C )
RELAPSING FEVER TEMPERATURE NORMAL FOR ATLEAST A DAY , AGAIN FEVER.
RESOLUTION OF PYREXIA BY CRISIS
RETURNS TO NORMAL SUDDENLY.
RESOLUTION OF PYREXIA BYLYSIS
RETURNS TO NORMAL GRADUALLY
FEVER SPIKE A SHARP INCREASE IN BODY TEMPERATURE FOLLOWED BY A RAPID FALL.
TYPES OF PYREXIA
Hypothermia - below 95ºF (35ºC)
Subnormal - 95-98ºF (35 - 36.70ºC)
Low Pyrexia - 99-100ºF (37.2 - 37.8ºC)
Moderate Pyrexia – 100-103ºF (37.8 - 39.4ºC)
High Pyrexia – 103-105ºF (39.4 - 40.6ºC)
Hyper Pyrexia - 105ºF & above (40.6ºC & above)
STAGES OF PYREXIA
Onset or Invasion
Fastigium or Stadium
Deffervescence or Decline
CAUSES OF FEVER
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
ONSET ( COLD OR CHILL PHASE)
Increased heart rate
Increased respiratory rate
Shivering
Pallor, cold skin
Complaints of feelings
Cyanotic nail buds
Goose flesh, appearance of the skin
Cessation of sweating
COURSE( STADIUM/FASTIGIUM PHASE)
Absence of chills
Skin that feels warm
Photosensitivity
Glass eyed appearance
Increased pulse and respiratory rate
Increased thirst
Mild to severe dehydration
Drowsiness, restlessness, delirium or convulsion
Loss of appetite
Malaise, weakness and aching muscles.
DECLINE AND DEFERVESCENCE (FLUSH PHASE)
Skin that appears flushed and feels warm
Sweating
Decreased shivering
Possible dehydration
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Hyperthermia related to infection process or illness as
evidenced by fever spike
Activity intolerance related to generalized weakness.
Risk for impaired skin integrity related to obesity or
confinement to bed.
Risk for injury related to repetitive strain.
Fluid volume deficit related to excessive perspiration.
NURSING INTERVENTION
Regulation of body temperature.
Meeting the nutritional need.
Providing rest and sleep.
Maintenance of personal hygiene.
Safety factors.
Observation of the client.
CARE IN RIGOR
It is characterized by 3 stages:-
Cold stage
Hot stage
Stage of sweating.
CONCLUSION
Body temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of
a body or environment . It is the somatic sensation of
heat or cold . It is the degree or intensity of heat of a body
in relation to external environment . Humans capable of
maintaining their body temperature with in narrow limits.