altering consciousness with drugs psychoactive substances are drugs that affect consciousness,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• Psychoactive substances are drugs that affect consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior.
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• Regular and excessive use can lead to substance abuse (disrupts life/ relationships) or substance dependence (physical or psychological need for substance).
Altering Consciousness With Drugs
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• Regular and excessive use can lead to tolerance (need for higher dosages) or withdrawal (physical, behavioral, cognitive symptoms when reduced or stopped).
Altering Consciousness With Drugs
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Depressants
• Alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines are depressants that slow the activity of the central nervous system
• (reduce stress, induce sleep)
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• Alcohol use is associated with a range of medical and psychological consequences.
• One major effect is on parts of the brain responsible for inhibiting behavior.
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• The effects of alcohol are related to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), an indication of the amount of alcohol in the blood.
• Your BAC is determined by how much you drink, the time you take to drink it, your weight, and whether you have consumed food before or while drinking.
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• Expectations about the effects of alcohol can influence drinking patterns.
• The relation of alcohol to violence, however, seems to be due to its biological effects, not to expectations.
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• The rate of alcohol abuse and dependence is higher in men than in women.
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• Like alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines are depressants that slow the activity of the central nervous system.
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Lethargic State
• GREATLY decreased awareness accompanied by extreme physical changes:
• Drowsy, reduced heart rate, respiration and blood pressure.
• Smaller, slower focal point
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• Mental characteristics:
• Indecisive, confused, unable to concentrate, forgetful
• Emotional characteristics:
• Irritable, agitated, apathetic, inappropriate emotional reactions
Lethargic State
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Causes of Lethargy
• 1. Hormonal/ Chemical imbalance:
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Low Sugar “crash”
• Hypothyroid (slower metabolism)
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• 2. Depressants
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Sedatives – NyQuil
Tranquilizers (Valium/ Xanax)
Causes of Lethargy
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3. Emotional Reaction
Sadness
Boredom
4. Clinical Depression
5. Illness/ Injury
6. Exhaustion
Causes of Lethargy
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Hyper-Alert State
• Greatly increased awareness accompanied by major physiological changes
• Can be good (fight or flight)
or bad (harmful stressors)
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Altering Consciousness With Drugs
• Stimulants such as amphetamines speed up activity of CNS.
• most widely used stimulant is caffeine, found chocolate and beverages such as coffee.
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Stimulants: Hyper-Alert
• Nicotine, major component of tobacco smoke, associated with preventable diseases heart disease.
• Cocaine can get to brain quickly and cause powerful high followed by dramatic low.
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• Chemical/Hormonal imbalance• Hyperglycemia• Hyperthyroid (gland in neck,
controls metabolism)• Adrenaline (epinephrine) fight or
flight response
Causes of Hyper-Alert State
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• Emotional reaction
• Eustress – positive (laughter) Adrenalin/ epinephrine (fight infection)
• Distress – negative (stress)
–Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Hyper-Alert State
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• Stimulants
–Increase activity of the CNS
–Block dopamine reuptake
• Amphetamines, cocaine, Ritalin
• Caffeine, nicotine, No Doz
Hyper-Alert State
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State of Euphoria
• OVERWHELMING, intense POSITIVE feelings
• Focal point is inward
• Focus on how good you feel, lose touch with external reality
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1. Religious/ Occult experiences
–-praying to point of being overcome with emotion
2. Intense POSITIVE emotion
–Much more intense than positive eustress in hyper-alert state
Causes of Euphoria
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3. Narcotics/ Hallucinogens:Cause changes in thinking
(cognition), emotion, self-awareness and perceptions.
Affect a variety of neurotransmitter receptors.
Causes of Euphoria
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3. Drugs (cont’d)Ecstasy/ MDMA:
Rush of serotonin – pleasureHallucinogens: LSD, PCP,
marijuana (THC)Narcotics: - absence of pain
opium, morphine, codeine, heroine, percoset/ oxycotin
Causes of Euphoria
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• 4. Sexual arousal (orgasm)
Causes of Euphoria
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Meditation
• State of greatly increased internal awareness characterized by reduced physical activity and reduction of external/ environmental awareness
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• Inducement:
• Physical relaxation
–3 deep, cleansing breaths
–Stretching, yoga, isometrics
• Mental relaxation
–Internal focal point (breathing)
–Isolated audio stimuli
–Mantra – rhythmic chanting
Meditation
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Uses of Meditation
• 1. Stress control• 2. Religion• 3. Anger-management• 4. Medical conditions- heart,
migraines, and cancers
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How do I Meditate?
• There are numerous amounts of ways
• can do many of them at nearly any time
• 1. Deep cleansing breaths
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Inducing Meditation
• “In through the nose, out through the mouth”
• 2. Stretching• isometrics
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Hypnosis
• Hypnosis, a heightened state of suggestibility, can be traced to the 18th century, when Franz Anton Mesmer claimed he had the power to induce magnetic equilibrium in the bodies of his patients.
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• State of increased awareness characterized by susceptibility to unconscious suggestion
–Induced by someone else
–External focal point
–Suggestion planted in unconscious mind
Hypnosis
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Hypnosis• In age regression, a hypnotized
person appears to return to childhood or past lives.
• Research indicates age regression results in reporting of fantasies or memories suggested by the hypnotist.
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Hypnosis
• In age progression, a hypnotized person envisions a future event (success).
• Positive mental imagery.
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• altered state of consciousness?
• differ from a state of relaxation (meditative).
Hypnosis
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Hypnosis
• Hypnosis used to reduce pain in various kinds of medical treatments.
• What aspect of hypnosis responsible for pain reduction: relaxation, distraction, or expectations
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Hypnosis
• Differs from meditation because hypnosis is used as psychotherapy