alternate fuels
DESCRIPTION
Under section 91(4) of the Electricity Act 2003, theCommission can appoint consultants with specializedskills to assist the Commission in the discharge of itsfunctions as per stipulated terms and conditions. TheCommission notified the MERC (Terms & Conditionsof Appointment of Consultants) Regulation, 2004 forappointment of consultants in the Commission. In linewith these provisions, the Commission engagesconsultants to assist in carrying out variousadministrative, technical, financial and legal functions.Consultants appointed by the Commission include firmsand individuals. Individual consltants are mainlydesignated as Regultaory Experts, Regulatory Officersand Stipendiary Regulatory Analysts.A separate Organizational Chart showing the staffingpattern comprising of regular staff and Consultants isshown on last page No. 91 of this report.TRANSCRIPT
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ALTERNATIVE FUELS
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Current IFTA Alternative Fuels• Gasohol• Ethanol• Methanol• Propane (LPG)• Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG)• Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)• A-55• E-85• M-85
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E-85
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
ETH
ON
AL
GA
SOLI
NE
• ETHONAL
• GASOLINE
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M-85
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
ME
THO
NA
L
GA
SOLI
NE
• METHONAL
• GASOLINE
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A-55
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%N
APT
HA
WA
TER
BL
EN
DIN
G• Naptha• Water• Blending Agent
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By Lubrizol Corporation
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WATER
+
DIESEL
+
EMULSIFIER
PURINOX
=
EMULSIFIED DIESEL FUEL
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BIO-DIESEL
CORN OIL
VEGETABLE OIL
GREASE
Mixed with lye to separate the esters
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LIQUID NATURAL GAS• Lower cost to install
fueling facilities• LNG fuel tank
interchangeable with diesel fuel tank
• Higher cost per gallon
• LNG fuel tank and fuel is heavier
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LNG TANK INSTALLED
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• Lower cost per gallon• Lighter fuel tanks and fuel• Cost of installing fueling
facilities double that of an LNG facility• Fuel tanks are bulky and must
be protected, usually placed behind the cab of the truck
COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
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CNG TANKS ON VEHICLE
^CNG Tanks
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VEHICLES
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VEHICLE TYPES• DUAL FUEL
VEHICLES
• BI-FUEL VEHICLES
• HYBRID VEHICLES
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DEFINITION• DUAL FUEL
Vehicles that can operate on two fuels simultaneously
• GENERALLYDiesel and CNG or LNG
• BI-FUELVehicles
that operate on two fuels individually
• GENERALLYGasoline
and LPG
• HYBRIDVehicles
operate on two fuels simultaneously or individually
• GENERALLYGasoline
and E-85 or M85
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FUELS USED• Diesel Fuel Primary
fuel used to operate the engine
• LNG or CNGSecondary fuels introduced to reduce emissions. It can only be used in combination with diesel fuel
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DIESELMANIFOLD
DUAL FUELMANIFOLD
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FUEL SYSTEM• Starts and idles on diesel
• 160 degrees looks for alternative fuel.
• If alternative fuel is available the system begins injecting CNG or LNG
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PERCENTAGE OF FUEL
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
IDLE AVG. PEAK
DIESELLNGCNG
START & IDLE100% DIESEL
AVERAGES20 % DIESEL80 % CNGOR LNG
PEAK6% DIESEL94% CNGOR LNG
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CUSTOMER BASE
• Government entities• Private companies
with government contracts
• Private Companies interested in alternative fuel sources
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INTRASTATE CARRIERS
Diesel FuelTax paid when fuel is purchased
LNG & CNGTax paid by carrier directlyto the Board on a return orby purchasing Flat RateStickers
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DUAL FUEL & PTO
PTO VehiclesA customer base for dualfuel vehicles are wastedisposal companies. Thesevehicles operate PTO’s and claim refunds with the BOE
How do they claim refunds ?
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INTERSTATE CARRIERS• Diesel Tax
paid at the pump in California
• LNG or CNG Tax paid to the BOE Cannot use California Flat Rate Sticker
• Tax Reporting Join IFTA or buy fuel trip permits
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EXAMPLE OF DIESEL AND DUAL FUEL IFTA FLEET
• 10 Diesel vehicles• Travel 100,000 miles
a quarter between CA& NV
• 40% of those miles are in Nevada
• All fuel is purchased in California
• 10 Dual fuel vehicles• Travel 100,000 miles
a quarter between CA& NV
• 10% of those miles are in Nevada
• All fuel is purchased in California
How do they report?
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COMBINED DIESEL SCHEDULE
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DUAL FUEL CNG SCHEDULE
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SPLIT FLEET REPORTING
• Carrier must file two IFTA Reports
• The IFTA account number is coded to identify the dual fuel fleet
• Report an accurate fleet MPG
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DIESEL FLEET SCHEDULE
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DUAL FUEL DIESEL SCHEDULE
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DUAL FUEL CNG SCHEDULE
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CHALLENGES OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS
• Accounting for each new fuel type
• Standardized measurement of the fuel
(Therm vs. PSI)• Tax on new fuel types • Combination of fuels being
used
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The End