alternate test substrate for astm test method e2187-09 · 2016. 4. 26. · 0.008 ± 0.0005...

© 2013 Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. Confidential 1

Alternate Test Substrate For ASTM Test Method E2187-09

Dr. Joseph Wanna

SWM Intl.

100 North Point Center East, Suite 600

Alpharetta, GA

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1

2

3

4

Introduction

Stainless Steel 302 Properties

Test Results

Summary

Agenda

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Introduction:

ASTM test method E2187 “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition

Strength of Cigarettes” utilizes Whatman #2 filter paper.

Fire Safety Standard for cigarettes mandates that no more than 25% of cigarettes

give full length burn when tested on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper.

A replacement substrate is desired: uniform, reproducible, low cost, reusable,

multiple suppliers, gives comparable results to Whatman #2 filter paper

NIST identified stainless steel 302 plate that is 0.2mm (0.008 inches) thick1

Testing with one layer of #2 filter paper on top of the plate produced results very

similar to results obtained using 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper1

1Gann, R.; Robbins, A. P.; Guthrie, W. F.; “Alternate Substrate for ASTM E 2187”, ASTM meeting,

San Diego June 25, 2012

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SS 302 Properties

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SS 302 Properties

Property SS 302

Density (lb/in3) 0.29

Specific Heat (BTU/oF/lb 0-100oC) 0.12

Thermal Conductivity (BTU/ft2/hr/oF

at 100oC)

9.4

Composition (%) 0.15C, 17-19Cr, 8-10Ni,

2Mn, 1.0Si, 0.03S, 0.04P

Hardness: based on specified

minimum values for tensile strength

Soft, Half-Hard, Full-Hard

Thickness (inches) (manufacturer

specification)

0.008 ± 0.0005

Thickness (mm) 0.203 ± 0.013

Note: SS 304 has similar properties as SS 302 except it contains less carbon

(0.08%) and higher chromium (19-20%Cr).

SS302 available as sheets or coil

Suppliers with laser cutting tools can provide SS302 cut into 15cm

diameter circles that can fit exactly current filter paper holder

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SS 302 tested from two suppliers

Property SS 302 Supplier #1 Lower 10

Plates

Mid-

Range

Top 10

Plates

Avg. Thickness (avg. of 10 selected plates)

(mm)

0.1994 0.2018 0.2046

Min / Max Thickness (mm) 0.1986 0.2068

Hardness Full-Hardness

Ordered 80 plates from one supplier each plate 15cm diameter cut from flat sheets

Property SS 302 Supplier #2 Soft Half-Hard

Avg. Thickness (mm) 0.2006 0.2054

Min / Max Thickness (mm) 0.1987 / 0.2041 0.2041 / 0.2076

Ordered 40 plates from a second supplier, 20 Soft and 20 Half-Hard at 15cm diameter

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Plot of SS 302 Full-Hard thickness variation supplier #1

Plates used in testing are hi-lighted in red: lowest, middle, and highest 10 plates

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Plot of SS 302 Soft and Half-Hard thickness variation supplier #2

All 20 plates used in testing

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SS plate cut to fit in filter paper holder

No filter paper on top Filter paper on top

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Cigarette results: SE and FLB on SS plate

Below filter paper

after FLB

After using plates is cleaned

with mild detergent and re-used

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Results

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Cigarettes

Three prototype cigarettes were tested each giving three levels of %SE on

10 layers of filter paper according to ASTM E2187-09 Cigarette AA 87%SE (13% FLB)

Cigarette AG 55%SE (45% FLB)

Cigarette AM 15%SE (85% FLB)

Tested a control cigarette with no bands on 10 layers of filter paper and on

SS 302, one replicate (40 cigarettes): 0%SE (100% FLB) on both substrates; all cigarettes burned to completion.

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Results – Full-Hardness SS 302

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%SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard

Results Filter

Paper

Full-Hard

all SS 302

Thin

Plates

Medium

Plate

Thick

Plates

# Replicates (40cig/rep) 6 7 3 1 3

Avg. SE (%) 87.5 90.7 90 87.5 92.5

St. dev. 4.7 2.8 2.5 2.5

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Boxplot %SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard plate

Statistical analysis showed no difference

between results on 10 layer of filter

paper and Full-Hard SS 302 plate

SS 302 Cig AAFIlter Paper Cig AA

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

SE (

%)

Boxplot of FIlter Paper Cig AA, SS 302 Cig AA

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%SE cigarette AG on filter paper and SS 302 Full-Hard

Results Filter

Paper

Full-Hard

all SS 302

Thin

Plates

Medium

Plates

Thick

Plates

# Replicates (40cig/rep) 5 6 2 2 2

Avg. SE (%) 55.5 67.9 60.0 66.25 77.5

St. dev. 4.1 10.2 14.1 1.8

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Boxplot %SE cigarette AG on filter paper, all SS 302, and thin SS 302 Full-Hard plates

Statistical analysis showed no difference between

results on 10 layer of filter paper and thin Full-Hard

SS 302 plate

Statistical analysis showed there is a difference

between results on 10 layer of filter paper and

Full-Hard SS 302 plate

SS 302 Cig AGFilter Paper Cig AG

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

SE (

%)

Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AG, Full Hard all SS 302 Cig AG

Thin SS 302 Cig AGFilter Paper Cig AG

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

SE (

%)

Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AG, Thin SS 302 Cig AG

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%SE cigarette AM on filter paper and SS

302 Full-Hard

Results Filter

Paper

Full-Hard

all SS 302

Thin

Plates

Medium

Plates

Thick

Plates

# Replicates

(40cig/rep)

4 4 2 1 1

Avg. SE (%) 15.6 38.8 22.5 57.5 52.5

St. dev. 9.0 19.3 7.1

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Boxplot %SE cigarette AM on filter paper, all SS 302, and thin SS 302 Full-Hard plates

SS 302 Cig AMFilter Paper Cig AM

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

SE (

%)

Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AM, SS 302 Cig AM

Thin SS 302 Cig AMFilter Paper Cig AM

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

SE (

%)

Boxplot of Filter Paper Cig AM, Thin SS 302 Cig AM

Statistical analysis showed no difference

between results on 10 layer of filter paper

and Full-Hard SS 302 plate, but results are

closer for the thin plate

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Results – Soft and Semi-Hard SS 302

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%SE cigarette AA on filter paper and SS 302: Full-Hard, Soft, and Half-Hard

Results Filter

Paper

Full-Hard

SS 302

Soft

SS 302

Half-Hard

SS 302

# Replicates (40cig/rep) 6 7 2 2

Avg. SE (%) 87.5 90.7 68.75 62.5

St. dev. 4.7 2.8 1.8

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%SE cigarette AG on filter paper and SS 302: Full-Hard, Soft, and Half-Hard

Results Filter

Paper

Full-Hard

SS 302

Soft

SS 302

Half-Hard

SS 302

# Replicates (40cig/rep) 5 6 1 1

Avg. SE (%) 55.5 67.9 52.5 37.5

St. dev. 4.1 10.2

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Summary

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Summary

Cigarettes tested on SS 302 with one layer of filter paper gives equivalent

results to tests performed on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper

Best compatibility are Full-Hard SS 302 plates that are ~0.200mm thick

Additional specifications for the SS 302 need to be specified: Thickness tolerances

Hardness

Cut from flat sheets and not coil

SS 302 is available in 15cm diameter

Soft and Half-Hard plates did not give comparable results to those obtained

on 10 layers of Whatman #2 filter paper

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Acknowledgments

RJR for preparing the cigarettes

Brian Nguyen – SWM

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alternate test substrate for astm test method e2187-09 · 2016. 4. 26. · 0.008 ± 0.0005...

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