Alternative fuel cars

I. Cars powered with petroleumI.1 Petrol and diesel cars

I.2 LPG and GNV cars

II. Alternatives

II.1 Biofuels

II.2 Electric cars

II.3 Hybrid cars and regenerative breaking

II.4 Hydrogen and fuel cell cars

II.5 Other projects

1. Gasoline and diesel cars

Petrol (gasoline)

• lower purchase price

• larger model choice

• cheaper maintenance

• higher fuel price

• products more CO2

• shorter life of engine

• very flammable -> danger

Diesel

• lower price when fill up

• motors more reliable,

consumption 15% lower

• 20% less CO2 released

• purchase cost (+10%)

• more NOx discharged

2. LPG and CNG cars

LPG (Liquified petroleum gas)• less polluting

• cheaper

• extracted from oil

CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)• environmentally friendly• large reserves

And tommorow?Future oil production

Alternatives

1. Biofuels

• Biogas (anaerobic fermentation)

• Bioethanol (ethanol fermentation)

• Straight (or waste) vegetable oils

• Biodiesel (Transesterification: alcohol + ester → different alcohol + different ester )

- Less emission of sulfur and CO2- Can be use as a pure fuel- No taxe- Risk of irresponsible farming methods- Biodiesel production is more expensive than petrodiesel

one

2. Electric cars

Battery electric vehicle• Lead-acid battery• Nickel-cadmium battery• Lithium ion battery

• zero-emissions vehicle• range• cost• electricity production

3. The gasoline-electric hybrid car

gasoline-powered car:

fuel tank---> engine ---> transmission ---> wheels

electric car and acceleration of a hybrid car:

set of batteries ---> electric motor ---> transmission ---> wheels

Cruising

Passing

Regenerative braking

The electric motor acts as a generator and charges the battery set

Advantages

• increase the mileage• less emission and petroleum consumption than a gasoline-powered car• overcome the shortcoming of an electric car• drive as well as a usual car

Examples

Toyota Prius

Hydrogen & fuel cell

Advantages

• high efficiency• emission-free• no moving parts, do not involve combustion

-> reliable

Disadvantages

• cost• manufacture, vehicule integration• hydrogen production

5. Other projects...

Compressed-air cars

Solar cars

ConclusionA faire !!!

A lot of alternatives exist…they all have advantages, disadvantages and specific needs… so there is still work (chemin a faire) to do with the conception but a………..