alternative lifting methods
TRANSCRIPT
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Crane Safety on
Construction SitesSupervis ion and Management of Crane Operat ions
Alternative Lifting Methods
Presented by the Construc t ion Inst i tute of ASCE
Funded by an OSHA
Susan Harwood Train ing Grant
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Disclaimers
This material was produced under grant SH-17794-08-60-F-51 from the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names,
commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
This course is intended to provide general information to engineers and managers for use
in identifying and addressing their responsibilities with respect to construction worksite
safety. The program cannot possibly cover all safety issues that may be encountered at the
construction worksite, and it is not a substitute for prudent judgment or professional
expertise. It does not constitute legal advice. The information provided in this course
should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability forany general or specific application. ASCE and the Construction Institute disclaim all
warranties regarding this course, whether implied, express or statutory, including without
limitation, any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for use, or fitness for a particular
purpose. ASCE and the Construction Institute make no representation concerning the
accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus,
method, product, or process discussed in this course and assume no
liability therefore. Anyone utilizing the information provided in this course assumes allresponsibility or liability arising from such use.
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May be preferred when: Handling long pieces
When obstructions may restrict a single crane
Utilization of equipment on site
The extra capacity works well with the nature of theload
Loads must be placed at an angle When dictated by center of gravity issues
To offload from double-bolstered railcars or haulingequipment
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Things to Consider:
Nearly all crane and lifting safety plans mandate areduction in chart capacity for multi-crane lifts (someexclude tail cranes)
A greater chance of side loading either crane exists
Load distribution can change if one crane gets noticeablyhigher than the other
Swinging and hoisting at the same time are notrecommended
If one crane fails, the other will have all of the load
A first rate signalman is required as well as goodcommunications
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes
Horizontal Loads The two cranes used on
this concrete beam allowed
the beam to be landed first
on one end
The two cranes wereprobably on the jobsite,
resulting in cost savings
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes
Horizontal Loads
Here two matched
cranes lift an
asymmetrical load
Careful CG calculationand load distribution is
very important
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes Horizontal
Loads Two unequal cranes lifting aprocess module
This lift was carefully
planned, allowing the larger
crane to lift at a greaterradius and allowing for a
proportional lift
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes
Horizontal Loads
Connecting two similar
cranes with a long lift beam
enables the cranes to
reduce their respectiveoperating radii, thereby
increasing their lifting
capacities
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes Horizontal
Loads
This is an excellent use
of two cranes
The duct needs to be
lifted at an angle for
correct placement
With a single crane lift,
the rigging must be
selected to provide the
correct angle
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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More Than Two Cranes
Lifts like this roof raising
are normally restricted tolifting only
Loadings must be carefully
calculated
Communication is most
critical Chart deductions are
essential
Ground surface should be
level, firm, and matted as
deemed necessary
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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More Than Two Cranes: Roll Up Another possibility is this this
roll-up of an offshore jacket
section
The many cranes will lift only
and walk in tightly-controlledunison until the jacket section
is rotated to the desired
position
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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TWO CRANES: VERTICAL LIFTS
Utilizing two cranes to make a vertical liftshould require a high level of planning . It
is essential to consider:
The orientation and the initial layout
Boom side clearance and two-blocking
The changing of loads on all cranes
Minimum and maximum radii Method of safely unhooking the rigging
Insure one crane doesnt get ahead of the
other
A lift of this nature should always be an
engineered lift
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes: Tailing
Most larger vertical loads requiretrailing with a crane or an
equivalent tailing device
Sometimes two tail cranes are
used
The crane or device must be able
suspend (or support) theproportionate load- whether
moving into the hook of the main
erection crane or remaining at
radius while the erection crane
booms out to the tail crane
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Two Cranes: Tailing
Not all vertical loads
require tailing with a
second crane
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Tailing to the Vertical
Not all upendings require a
tail crane
This HRSG module uses a
roll up skid attachment
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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Multiple Cranes: Tailing
This is a typical erection of a
pressure vessel using two erection
cranes and a tail crane
Note that the tail load should be
relatively low due to the location of
the lifting trunnions This slide is used to illustrate how
tail loads vary throughout the lift
Multi-Crane
Lifts
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This is a graph of the tailing load in
relation to the horizontal angle
The solid line is the actual case for the
previous slide
The curve is variable and dependent
upon the relationships between the
dimensions between the center of
gravity and the lift points
The dotted lines show curves if the
offset distance c were greatly
reduced
Tailing to the
Vertical
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Tailing to the
Vertical
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Manual and hydraulic jacks
Hydraulic gantries
Jacking towers Helicopters
Alternate Lifting
Methods
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For years,mechanical track
jacks (and similar
products) were the
standard for much
jacking, and are still
used today
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Jacks
Alt t Lifti
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Hydraulic jacks can beused in an endless
number of applications
From the small, as with
the placement of theseprecast planter boxes
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Hydraulic
Jacks
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To the large, as withlifting this large truss
bridge with center
hole strand jacks
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Jacks
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Flat jacks have proved
effective in the raising of
heavy structures, such asbridges, only a few inches
for inspection, repairs, or
other applications
The jacks remain extended
and can only be used once
They can also be filled with
grout and remain in place
Alternate Lifting
Methods: Flat
Jacks
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Compressed air jacks
have also found theirniche in the construction
world
They are also effective
jacks for some tasks in
the maintenance ofconstruction equipment
Alternate Lifting
Methods: Air
Jacks
Alt t Lifti
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Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Hydraulic
Gantries
Hydraulic gantriescan be utilized in
open spaces or tight
spots
Alt t Lifti
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Hydraulic gantries are
highly versatile, portable
and have high lifting
capacities
They can also translate a
suspended load on tracks or
even tail up certain loads to
the vertical
The use of these gantries
requires good planning and
engineering
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Hydraulic
Gantries
Alternate Lifting
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For very heavy and high
loads, jacking towers are
frequently used. Most, as with this system,
utilize large multiple center
hole jacks and bridge strand.
Others may use chain or
special links, while others use
a push-up jacking system
These lifts require extensive
engineering
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Jacking
Towers
Alt t Lifti
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Forklifts, especiallywith the increasing
popularity of rough
terrain forklifts, have
taken over many
jobsite lifting
activities
Alternate Lifting
Methods:
Forklifts
Lifti With
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Lifting with helicopters ismost feasible when working
in remote areas Risk factors include:
Near hurricane windsbelow the craft
A very limited amount of
time that the craft canremain over the set point-only seconds
The inherent possibility of acrash
Lifting With
Helicopters
(Rotorcraft)
Lifti With
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When workingaround people or
operating plants,
such as at this truck
plant, special care
and planning mustbe implemented
Lifting With
Helicopters
(Rotorcraft)